Experimental study on heat transfer of jet impingement with a moving

nozzle
Abstract
Water jet impingement heat transfer is widely used in electronic component cooling, steelmaking,
nuclear power plants and many other high heat transfer rate applications. This paper describes
experiments with a jet from a moving nozzle impinging a surface using a stepping motor to control
the nozzle. The effect of nozzle velocity on the heat transfer rates at different heat fluxes and flow
rates are investigated. The experimental results show that a moving nozzle performs better than a
fixed nozzle for reducing the maximum temperature difference of the heating surface and the
average liquid film thickness, which results in steadier heat transfer rates and a more uniform
temperature. Furthermore, a moving nozzle enhances the heat transfer in the convection by more
than forty percent. Here, a higher nozzle velocity better enhances the heat transfer and temperature
uniformity.

Introduction
As we are advancing in the electronic technology the need of efficient heat removal techniques is
increasing day by day. In the microminiaturization system the more efficient cooling system
promises enhanced future. Jet impingent cooling system being the most effective cooling system
can be enhanced too. There has been a lot of study on the jet impingent system over the past
decades. Researches showed that the distance between nozzle and surface can also effect the heat
transfer. Therefore, in this experiment a fixed nozzle is replaced by a moving nozzle which
improves the scour ability and hence increasing the heat transfer ability.
Now the experimental setup is comprised of a test chamber, main heater, testing samples, water
jet nozzle, stepping motor, pipeline system and measurement system. Now the moving nozzle is
controlled by the stepping motor as a jet is impinged from the nozzle to the surface. The conducted
experiment varied along the measurement of heat transfer rate at different heat fluxes and flow
rate. The results were investigated and the conclusion was drawn out that moving nozzle has a
better efficiency than fixed nozzle in reducing the maximum temperature difference of the heating
surface and the average liquid film thickness, which results in steadier heat transfer rates and a
more uniform temperature.
Now if we increase the speed of the nozzle a more uniform distribution of temperature is obtained.
Now as the Reynolds number decreases the Nusselt number increases. This strongly suggests that
the moving nozzle is performing better than the fixed nozzle. The performance of the moving
nozzle as compared to fixed nozzle is almost 43%. Now as the Reynolds number decreases the
scouring ability of the moving nozzle increases and so the ability to reduce temperature. For the
higher Reynolds number, the fixed nozzle also has good scouring ability so at higher Reynolds
number there is only a little enhancement in heat reduction.
According to the experimental data, the finned substrate enhances the heat transfer better than the
flat substrate with a lower average temperature and higher average Nusselt number because of the
positive effects on the heat transfer of the fins. Now if the moving nozzle is impinged on a finned
surface the average maximum Nusselt number increase by 650 from zero which is 20% while on
a flat surface it only increases by the 13%. So, the moving nozzle also minimizes the negative
effect of the fins and proves that the moving nozzle performs better on a finned surface than on a
flat surface due to its higher scouring ability.
A moving nozzle reduces the average surface temperature and hence the reduction of heat is
improved. If the nozzle is provided with a high velocity then the efficiency can be enhanced to
40%. Experimental results showed that as we move to a higher flux rates of 200 W/cm2 and low
Reynolds number of below 7590 the moving nozzle performs more effectively and efficiently. The
addition of fins to the substrate enhances the heat transfer with the moving nozzle giving better
heat transfer on a finned substrate than on a flat substrate.
Experimental Setup
The geometry was designed on the SOLIDWORKS.