7/12/2018 GOST - Wikipedia

GOST
GOST (Russian: ГОСТ) refers to a set of technical standards maintained by the Euro-Asian Council for Standardization,
Metrology and Certification (EASC), a regional standards organization operating under the auspices of the
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).

All sorts of regulated standards are included, with examples ranging from charting rules for design documentation to
recipes and nutritional facts of Soviet-era brand names (which have now become generic, but may only be sold under the
label if the technical standard is followed, or renamed if they are reformulated).

The notion of GOST has certain significance and recognition in the countries of the standards' jurisdiction. Russian
government agency Rosstandart has gost.ru as its website address.

Contents
History
Present
GOST standards and technical specifications
List of selected GOST standards
GOST R
Certification systems
Obligatory certification
Voluntary certification
Corporative voluntary certification systems
Regional national certification systems of
See also
Notes
External links
Russian GOST standards in English

History
GOST standards were originally developed by the government of the Soviet Union as part of its national standardization
strategy. The word GOST (Russian: ГОСТ) is an acronym for gosudarstvennyy standart (Russian: государственный
стандарт), which means state standard.

The history of national standards in the USSR can be traced back to 1925, when a government agency, later named
Gosstandart, was established and put in charge of writing, updating, publishing, and disseminating the standards. After
World War II, the national standardization program went through a major transformation. The first GOST standard,
GOST 1 State Standardization System, was published in 1968.

Present
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After the disintegration of the USSR, the GOST standards acquired a new status of
the regional standards. They are now administered by the Euro-Asian Council for
Standardization, Metrology and Certification (EASC), a standards organization
chartered by the Commonwealth of Independent States.

At present, the collection of GOST standards includes over 20,000 titles used
extensively in conformity assessment activities in 12 countries. Serving as the
regulatory basis for government and private-sector certification programs
throughout the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the GOST standards
cover energy, oil and gas, environmental protection, construction, transportation,
telecommunications, mining, food processing, and other industries.

The following countries have adopted all or some of GOST standards in addition to
their own, nationally developed standards: Russia, Belarus, Moldova, Kazakhstan,
Azerbaijan, Armenia, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Georgia, and
Turkmenistan. Cover page of a Soviet-era
GOST standard (arc welding in
Because GOST standards are adopted by Russia, the largest and most influential protective atmosphere)
member of the CIS, it is a common misconception to think of GOST standards as
the national standards of Russia. They are not. Since the EASC, the organization
responsible for the development and maintenance of the GOST standards, is recognized by ISO as a regional standards
organization, the GOST standards are classified as the regional standards. The national standards of Russia are the GOST
R standards.

Ukraine scrapped its GOST (DSTU) standards in December 2015.[1]

GOST standards and technical specifications

The abbreviation GOST (rus) (SUST) (eng) stands for the State Union Standard. From its name we learn that most of the
GOST standards of the Russian Federation came from the Soviet Union period. Creation and promotion of the Union
Standards began in 1918 after introduction of the international systems of weights and measures.

The first body for standardization was created by the Council of Labor and Defense in 1925 and was named the Committee
for Standardization. Its main objective was development and introduction of the Union standards OST standards. The first
OST standards gave the requirements for iron and ferrous metals, selected sorts of wheat, and a number of consumer
goods.

Until 1940 Narcomats (People's Commissariats) had approved the standards. But in that year the Union Standardization
Committee was founded and the standardization was redirected to creation of OST standards.

In 1968 the state system of standardization (SSS) as the first in the world practice. It included creation and development
of the following standards:

GOST – State Standard of the Soviet Union;

RST — Republican standard;
IST — Industrial Standard;
STE — Standard of an Enterprise.

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The level of technical development as well as the need for development and introduction of informational calculating
systems and many other factors lead to creating complexes of standards and a number of large general technical standard
systems. They are named inter-industrial standards. Within the state standard system they have their own indexes and the
SSS has index 1. Nowadays the following standard systems (GOST standards) are valid:

USCD — The Uniform System of Constructor Documentation (index 2);

USTD — The Uniform System of Technological Documentation (3);
SIBD — The System of Information-Bibliographical Documentation (7);
SSM – The State System of Providing the Uniformity of Measuring(8);
SSLS — The System of Standards of Labor Safety(12);
USPD — The Uniform System of Program Documentation (19);
SSERTE — The System of Standards of Ergonomic Requirements and Technical Esthetic (29).
The USCD and USTD systems take special place among other inter-industrial systems. They are interrelated and they
formulate requirements for general technical documentation in all industries of economy.

The task of harmonization of Russia's standards and the GOST standards was set in 1990 by the Soviet Council of
Ministers at the beginning of the transit to market economy. At that time they formulated a direction that obeying the
GOST standards may be obligatory or recommendable. The obligatory requirements are the ones that deal with safety,
conformity of products, ecological friendliness and inter-changeability. The Act of the USSR Government permitted
applying of national standards existing in other countries, international requirements if they meet the requirements of the
people's economy.

During the past years a large number of GOST standards were developed and approved. Nowadays there is a process of
their revision so that they conform to international standard requirements. As the base is the system of international
standards ISO, in Russia they created series of Russian standards such as GOST ISO 9001 or GOST ISO 14001, which
absorbed the best developments of the world community but they also consider the Russia's specific.

List of selected GOST standards

GOST 7.67: Country codes
GOST 5284-84: Tushonka (canned stewed beef)
GOST 5461-59 and 13393-76 Vacuum tube designation system
GOST 7396: standard for power plugs and sockets used in Russia and throughout the Commonwealth of
Independent States
GOST 10859: A 1964 character set for computers, includes non-ASCII/non-Unicode characters required when
programming in the ALGOL programming language.
GOST 16876-71 (https://gostperevod.com/gost-16876-71.html): a standard for Cyrillic-to-Latin transliteration[2]
GOST 27974-88 (https://gostperevod.com/gost-27974-88.html): Programming language ALGOL 68 - Язык
программирования АЛГОЛ 68[3]
GOST 27975-88: Programming language ALGOL 68 extended - Язык программирования АЛГОЛ 68
расширенный[4]
GOST 28147-89 block cipher—commonly referred to as just GOST in cryptography
GOST 11828-86 : Rotating Electrical Machines[5][6]
GOST 2.109-73: Unified system for design documentation. Basic requirements for drawings - Единая система
конструкторской документации. Основные требования к чертежам[7]
GOST 2.123-93: Unified system for design documentation. Sets of design documents for printing plates under
automated design - Единая система конструкторской документации. Комплектность конструкторских
документов на печатные платы при автоматизированном проектировании[8]

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GOST 32569-2013 (https://gostperevod.com/gost-32569-2013.html): Steel

pipe technology. Requirements for design and operation of explosive and
chemically dangerous production - Трубопроводы технологические
стальные. Требования к устройству и эксплуатации на
взрывопожароопасных и химически опасных производствах[9]
GOST 32410-2013 (https://gostperevod.com/gost-32410-2013.html):
Emergency crash-systems railway rolling stock for passenger
transportations. Technical requirements and methods of control. - Крэш-
системы аварийные железнодорожного подвижного состава для
пассажирских перевозок. Технические требования и методы
контроля.[10]
GOST R 53279-2009 — ТЕХНИКА ПОЖАРНАЯ. ГОЛОВКИ
СОЕДИНИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ПОЖАРНЫЕ (Fire engineering. Fire Hose Head
Connection (https://gostperevod.com/gost-r-53279-2009.html))
GOST R 52630-2012 (https://gostperevod.com/gost-r-52630-2012.html)
Steel welded vessels and apparatus. General specifications The product conformity mark
according to GOST 50460-92: Mark
GOST 15150-69 (https://gostperevod.com/gost-15150-69.html) Machines,
instruments and other industrial products. Modifications for different of conformity for mandatory
climatic regions. Categories, operating, storage and transportation certification. The shape, size and
conditions as to environment climatic aspects influence technical requirements (ГОСТ Р
GOST R 21.1101-2013 (https://gostperevod.com/gost-r-21-1101-2013.htm 50460-92 «Знак соответствия при
l) System of design documents for construction. Main requirements for обязательной сертификации.
design and working documents
Форма, размеры и технические
требования»)
GOST R
Historically, GOST R system originated from GOST system developed in the Soviet Union and later adopted by the CIS.
Thus, the GOST standards are used across all CIS countries, including Russia while GOST R standards are valid only
within the territory of the Russian Federation.

This system is aimed at providing the Customer with safety and high quality of products and services. This right of the
Customer for safety and quality is guaranteed by obligatory certification of not only native but as well foreign produce.
Produce that enters the territory of the Russian Federation and that is subject to obligatory certification according to the
legislation of the Russian Federation must meet the requirements of Russian certification system.

List of products subject to obligatory certification is defined by Gosstandart and can be seen on www.gost.ru. The very
system of certification GOST R has been valid in Russia for many years. The main normative base for it was national
standards. At the same time active policy of Russia towards entering the WTO was the reason for adopting the federal law
"On Technical Regulation" № 184-ФЗ. This law was designed to match Russian and European legislation in the sphere of
technical regulation.

Certification systems
Creation of certification systems in Russia is provided by the Federal Law №184 "On Technical Regulation" Evaluating the
product's conformity to requirements of laws, standards, technical reglaments and other kinds of normative appears to be
one of the most important possibilities of providing safety of different kinds of products for humans, environment and the
state.

According to the FL № 184 any certification system includes:

A central certification organ which performs organizational operations within the system;
Certification organs that must prove their ability to perform activities in expertise and drawing up the certification
documents in certain sphere of evaluation of conformity. Only certification organs authorized for such kinds of works,
have right to perform such function;

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Certification laboratories performs tests and measurements of safety indicators or quality of the evaluated objects.
Such laboratory must have equipment and trained staff (as well as test methods) in order to perform its activities.
Existence of all the resources is proved by the Attestation of Authorization of the laboratory in the certain sphere of
activity;
Applicants are individual entrepreneurs or Russian legal entities (in some cases foreign manufacturers), that intend to
go through evaluation process to prove the conformity of their production to the legal requirements or some other
certain requirements of the system of certification (to which it applied).
There is a great variety of objects for certification (different products and manufacturing processes, management systems,
construction sites, etc.). A little smaller is the lists of risks that you may encounter by using the products and from which
you should protect the consumer. The variety of certification systems in Russia is explained by these two factors as well as
by the wish of some corporations to introduce their own requirements for the products deliverers.

There two big groups of certification systems in Russia: voluntary and obligatory ones. From the names it is clear that the
evaluation of conformity for the objects of obligatory certification system appears to be mandatory requirement for all
Russian manufacturers and for the products from abroad.

Obligatory certification
It is only federal state structure who can create the obligatory certification system of Russia. The system must go through
the procedure of state registration. The Rosstandart which is responsible for the certification in Russia as a whole keeps a
registry of the RF certification systems. Only after receiving the Certificate of state registration with getting the unique
registration number, you may perform activities in evaluating conformity as a new system.

There are 16 obligatory certification systems in Russia:

GOST R;
Means of protection of information according to requirements of informational security;
"Electrocommunication";
Geodesic, cartographic and topographic production;
On the federal Railway transport;
Means of protection of information;
Security of manufacturing of explosives;
In the sphere of fire security;
Means of protection of information according to requirements of security;
Marine civil vessels;
On the air transport of the RF;
Air techniques and the objects of civil aviation;
Space craft;
For nuclear sets, the points of storing radioactive materials;
Means of protecting the information that include the state secret;
Immune biological preparations.
The obligatory GOST R certification system consists of sub-systems of certificating homogeneous products. The obligatory
GOST R certification system consists of 40 sub-systems according to the kinds of homogeneous production. For example,
the following sub-systems:

Medical certification;
The system of certification oil products;
The system of certification of dishes;
The system of certification of electrical equipment (SCE);
The system of certification of mechanic transport means and trailers;
The system of certification of gases;

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The "SEPROCHIM" certification system (rubber, asbestos) and many others.

The management of state property in the sphere of technical regulation, organizing an performing works in certification in
the GOST R system is performed by the Rostechregulation (former Gosstandart) which appears to be the Federal agency
for technical regulation and metrology (now is called Rosstandart). The given agency is part of the structure of the
Ministry of Industry and Trade of the RF.

It became the very first and the largest system of evaluation of conformity in Russia and it encompasses all the groups of
production that are to be evaluated according to the Federal Law "About protection of Consumers Rights" and it performs
the other legislative acts considering separate kinds of goods The authority of the GOST R obligatory certification systems
covers also the voluntary GOST R certification system because the applicants for the voluntary evaluation of conformity
most often apply this very system.

Voluntary certification
Any Russian citizen may register such evaluation system according to the Law. While creating the system you must set the
list of objects to be evaluated on conformity in its frameworks, the indicators and characteristics in accordance to which
the voluntary certification will be performed, you must also formulate the rules of system and the pay order of the works in
certification, and you must define the participants of the given system of evaluation of conformity.

Registration of voluntary certification system is similar to the procedure of registration of the obligatory system. In the
case of refusal, the Rosstandart sends to the applicant explanations of reasons why the new system may not be registered.
Nowadays there are more than 130 central certification organs that went through the registration procedure.

Here are the examples of voluntary certification:

Construction materials "Rosstroisertificazia";

Personnel and housing services – "Roszhilkommunsertifikazia";
Means of cryptographic protection of information;
The production of the Gosstandart of Russia;
Production and the quality systems defense industries – "Oboronsertifika";
Certification of food "HAASP";
Coal production;
Jewelry (several systems in the given sphere with different names;
Bio active materials – "BOSTI";
Services in the sphere of advertising;
Evaluation of intellectual property objects;
Information technologies – "SSIT".

Corporative voluntary certification systems

Fuel and energy complex (The System "Teksert");
Equipment for the oil-gas industry "Neftegaz";
Production and services "Technosert";
GAZPROMSERT;

Regional national certification systems of

Trading services in Moscow;
Trading services "Tulasert";

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Services of gas stations and complexes in Moscow;

Fuel services in the Moscow Region;
Services of retail sale in the Sakhalin Region;
Services of retail sale in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia);
Services of gas stations and complexes of the Urals Region "URALSERT-AZS";
Services of retail sale in St. Petersburg and others.

See also
Eurasian Conformity mark

Notes
1. Ukraine scraps Soviet GOST standards (http://www.unian.info/economics/1213976-ukraine-scraps-soviet-gost-standa
rds.html), UNIAN (16 December 2015)
2. Replaced by GOST 7.79-2000 in 2002
3. "GOST 27974-88 Programming language ALGOL 68 - Язык программирования АЛГОЛ 68" (http://vak.ru/lib/exe/fetc
h.php/book/gost/pdf/gost-27974-88.pdf) (PDF) (in Russian). GOST. 1988. Retrieved November 15, 2008.
4. "GOST 27975-88 Programming language ALGOL 68 extended. ГОСТ 27975-88 Язык программирования АЛГОЛ
68 расширенный" (https://gostperevod.com/gost-27975-88.html) (PDF). gostperevod.com (in Russian English).
GOST. 1988. Retrieved November 15, 2008.
5. https://gostperevod.com/gost-11828-86.html
6. "GOST 11828-86 Rotating electrical machines. General test methods. ГОСТ 11828-86 Машины электрические
вращающиеся. Общие методы испытаний" (https://gostperevod.com/gost-11828-86.html). gostperevod.com.
7. "GOST 2.109-73 Unified system for design documentation. Basic requirements for drawings - Единая система
конструкторской документации. Основные требования к чертежам" (https://gostperevod.com/gost-2-109-73.html)
(PDF). gostperevod.com. GOST. 1973.
8. "GOST 2.123-93 Unified system for design documentation. Sets of design documents for printing plates under
automated design - Единая система конструкторской документации. Комплектность конструкторских
документов на печатные платы при автоматизированном проектировании" (https://gostperevod.com/gost-2-123-9
3.html) (PDF). gostperevod.com. GOST. 1993.
9. "GOST 32569-2013 Steel pipe technology. Requirements for design and operation of explosive and chemically
dangerous production - Трубопроводы технологические стальные. Требования к устройству и эксплуатации на
взрывопожароопасных и химически опасных производствах" (https://gostperevod.com/gost-32569-2013.html)
(PDF). gostperevod.com. GOST. 2013.
10. "GOST 32410-2013 Emergency crash-systems railway rolling stock for passenger transportations. Technical
requirements and methods of control. - Крэш-системы аварийные железнодорожного подвижного состава для
пассажирских перевозок. Технические требования и методы контроля" (https://gostperevod.com/gost-32410-201
3.html) (PDF). gostperevod.com. GOST. 2013.

External links
Euro-Asian Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (EASC) official website (http://www.easc.org.by/e
nglish/mgs_org_en.php)

Russian GOST standards in English

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Normally it is very difficult to find GOST standards translated into English. There is one company that is mainly engaged
in creating high quality translations of codes and regulations. Their library in English is currently the largest on the
internet, with over 350,000 Russian regulatory documents and standards. Database covers all Russian Federation and CIS
standards: Russian Federation (https://gostperevod.com/russian), Uzbekistan (https://gostperevod.com/uzbekistan),
Turkmenistan (https://gostperevod.com/turkmenistan), Kazakhstan (https://gostperevod.com/kazakhstan), Tadjikistan,
Kyrgyzstan, Belarus, Ukraine, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. They also provide access to the international standards (https://g
ostperevod.com/international) (ISO (https://gostperevod.com/international/iso), IEC (https://gostperevod.com/internat
ional/iec)) and other national standards (https://gostperevod.com/national) (ASTM (https://gostperevod.com/national/a
stm), ASME, ANSI, API, AWS, DIN, EIA, IEEE, AFNOR, BS, NEMA, NFPA, etc.) in original language and also translated
into Russian. The main orientation is regulatory services with an emphasis on affordable technical and regulatory
translations.

You can easily find all required RF GOST standards (national standards) (https://gostperevod.com/russian/gost) as well
as Russian and CIS countries standards and technical regulations for all major industries, including Russian Federal
Norms and Regulations in the field of industrial safety (FNiP (https://gostperevod.com/russian/fnip)), Building Codes
(SNiP (https://gostperevod.com/russian/snip), SP (https://gostperevod.com/russian/sp), SNiP RK (https://gostperevod.
com/kazakhstan/snip-rk), SP RK (https://gostperevod.com/kazakhstan/sp-rk), KMK (https://gostperevod.com/uzbekist
an/kmk), SHNK (https://gostperevod.com/uzbekistan/shnk), SNT (https://gostperevod.com/turkmenistan/snt)),
Industry Codes and Safety Rules (RD (https://gostperevod.com/russian/rd), PB (https://gostperevod.com/russian/pb)),
Sanitation Regulations (SanPiN (https://gostperevod.com/russian/sanpin), GN (https://gostperevod.com/russian/gn)),
Electrical Installation Codes (PUE (https://gostperevod.com/russian/pue)), Fire Codes (NPB (https://gostperevod.com/r
ussian/npb), PPB (https://gostperevod.com/russian/ppb)), technical regulations of the Customs Union (TR TS (https://g
ostperevod.com/russian/tr-ts)) and norms, instructions, procedures, cost estimate standards, Russian and CIS federal and
regional legislation and many others.

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