Stairwell Pressurization Fan Calculation Sheet (SPF-01)

Project Name 2B+G+M+7

Project Description Hotel Building
Calculated by
REFERANCES:-

NFPA 92A
ASHRAE 2007 (HVAC Applications)
Chapter 52
Clauses (Smoke Management)
of (Pressurized Stairwell, Stairwell
Compartmentation, Stairwell Analysis)

Design Parameter:-

Summer outside temperature 46 0

C
Stairwell temperature 30 0
C
Building Stories 9 Stories
Average Story height 3.8 m
Building exterior wall per story 2300 m2
Stairwell area per story 21.66 m2
Building tightness type average
Building height 39 m
Area gap for stairwell door according to ASHRAE 0.033 m2

From table (1) , chapter 52

Leakage ratio for exterior building walls 0.00017

Leakage ratio for stairwell 0.00011

Pressure Analysis for Stairwell

The pressure difference between the staircase and the building can be expressed as followed :
ΔPsb = ΔPsbb + BY / [ 1 + ( Asb / Abo ) 2]

Where :
ΔPsbb = pressure difference from stairwell to building at stairwell bottom ( Pa) .
Y = distance above stairwell bottom ( m )
Asb = flow area between stairwell and building per floor ( m2 )
Abo = flow area between building and out side per floor ( m2 )
B = 3460 x [ 1/ ( 273 + To ) - 1/ ( 273 + Ts )]
To = temperature of outside ( K )
Ts = temperature of stairwell air ( K )
A) In case of all doors are closed :

For the stairwell with no leakage directly to the outside, the flow rate of pressurization is :

(∆Psbt 3/2 - ∆Psbb 3/2 )

Q = 0.559 x N x Asb x
(∆Psbt - ∆Psbb )
Where :

Q = volumetric flow rate , m3/s

N = number of floors.
ΔPsbt = pressure difference from stairwell to building at stairwell top , Pa.

1- The leakage ratios for stairwell wall =

= 21.66 X 0.00011 = 0.002383 m2
2- The leakage ratios for exterior wall =
= 2300 X 0.00017 = 0.391 m2
3- B = 3460 x [ 1/ ( 273 + To ) - 1/ ( 273 + Ts )]
3460 x ( 1 / 273 + 46 ) - ( 1 / 273 + 30 ) = -0.5727
4- Asb = the leakage area of the stairwell wall + the gaps around the closed doors
0.0023826 + 0.033 = 0.035383 m2/floor
5- Abo = the leakage area of exterior wall
= 0.391 m2
6- Minimum pressure difference from stairwell to building at stairwell top (pa)

= 13 pa for building with sprinkler system as per NFPA 92A

= 25 pa for building with non-sprinkler system as per NFPA 92A
= 50 pa as per QCDD Qatar Civil Defense Requirement

7- ΔPsbt = ΔPsbb + BY / [ 1 + ( Asb / Abo ) 2 ] =

25 = ΔPsbb + ( -0.5727 X 39 ) / ( 1 + ( 0.0353826 / 0.391 ) 2 ) =

Get ΔPsbb
= 25 - ( -0.5727 X 39 ) / (1 + ( 0.0353826 / 0.391 ) 2 ) =
= 45.48 pa

8- Get air flow required

∆Psbt 3/2 - ∆Psbb 3/2
Qc =0.559 x N x Asb x ∆Psbt - ∆Psbb =

= 0.559 X 9 X 0.0353826 X [ ( 25 3/2 - 45.48 3/2 ) ( 25 - 45.48 ) ]

= 1.58 m3/S
= 3348 CFM
B) In case of 3 doors are opened :

Number of doors in all building 9 Doors

Number of Open doors 3 Doors
Door size 2.25 m X 1.1 m
Door Area 2.475 m2
But effective flow area = 1/2 the geometric area as per ASHRAE and CRESCI flow pattern
Effective Area 2.475 m2

Q0 = A X V X N
Where :
Qo = Air flow rate ( m3/sec)
A = Door Area ( m2 ).
N=Number of open doors
V = air velocity ( m/sec ). The velocity recommended will be ( 0.75 - 2 ) m/s .

Assumed air velocity to be 1 m/s

Get
Q = 3 X 2.475 X 1 = 7.425 m3/S
15733 CFM
C) Total air flow required for pressurization:-

Qt = Qo + Qc
= 3348 + 15733 19081 CFM

Calculation Result:

The Required Flow Rate to Pressurize the staircase in case of 3-Doors Opened
19100 CFM

Fan Capacity (SPF-01) 19500 CFM

 Stairwell Pressurization Fan Calculation Sheet (SPF-02)

Project Name 2B+G+M+7

Project Description Hotel Building
Calculated by
REFERANCES:-

NFPA 92A
ASHRAE 2007 (HVAC Applications)
Chapter 52
Clauses (Smoke Management)
of (Pressurized Stairwell, Stairwell
Compartmentation, Stairwell Analysis)

Design Parameter:-

Summer outside temperature 46 0

C
Stairwell temperature 30 0
C
Building Stories 11 Stories
Average Story height 3.8 m
Building exterior wall per story 2300 m2
Stairwell area per story 16.5 m2
Building tightness type average
Building height 44 m
Area gap for stairwell door according to ASHRAE 0.033 m2

From table (1) , chapter 52

Leakage ratio for exterior building walls 0.00017

Leakage ratio for stairwell 0.00011

Pressure Analysis for Stairwell

The pressure difference between the staircase and the building can be expressed as followed :
ΔPsb = ΔPsbb + BY / [ 1 + ( Asb / Abo ) 2]

Where :
ΔPsbb = pressure difference from stairwell to building at stairwell bottom ( Pa) .
Y = distance above stairwell bottom ( m )
Asb = flow area between stairwell and building per floor ( m2 )
Abo = flow area between building and out side per floor ( m2 )
B = 3460 x [ 1/ ( 273 + To ) - 1/ ( 273 + Ts )]
To = temperature of outside ( K )
Ts = temperature of stairwell air ( K )
A) In case of all doors are closed :

For the stairwell with no leakage directly to the outside, the flow rate of pressurization is :

(∆Psbt 3/2 - ∆Psbb 3/2 )

Q = 0.559 x N x Asb x
(∆Psbt - ∆Psbb )
Where :

Q = volumetric flow rate , m3/s

N = number of floors.
ΔPsbt = pressure difference from stairwell to building at stairwell top , Pa.

1- The leakage ratios for stairwell wall =

= 16.5 X 0.00011 = 0.001815 m2
2- The leakage ratios for exterior wall =
= 2300 X 0.00017 = 0.391 m2
3- B = 3460 x [ 1/ ( 273 + To ) - 1/ ( 273 + Ts )]
3460 x ( 1 / 273 + 46 ) - ( 1 / 273 + 30 ) = -0.5727
4- Asb = the leakage area of the stairwell wall + the gaps around the closed doors
0.001815 + 0.033 = 0.034815 m2/floor
5- Abo = the leakage area of exterior wall
= 0.391 m2
6- Minimum pressure difference from stairwell to building at stairwell top (pa)

= 13 pa for building with sprinkler system as per NFPA 92A

= 25 pa for building with non-sprinkler system as per NFPA 92A
= 50 pa as per QCDD Qatar Civil Defense Requirement

7- ΔPsbt = ΔPsbb + BY / [ 1 + ( Asb / Abo ) 2 ] =

25 = ΔPsbb + ( -0.5727 X 44 ) / ( 1 + ( 0.034815 / 0.391 ) 2 ) =

Get ΔPsbb
= 25 - ( -0.5727 X 44 ) / (1 + ( 0.034815 / 0.391 ) 2 ) =
= 48.14 pa

8- Get air flow required

∆Psbt 3/2 - ∆Psbb 3/2
Qc =0.559 x N x Asb x ∆Psbt - ∆Psbb =

= 0.559 X 11 X 0.034815 X [ ( 25 3/2 - 48.14 3/2 ) ( 25 - 48.14 ) ]

= 1.94 m3/S
= 4111 CFM
B) In case of 3 doors are opened :

Number of doors in all building 11 Doors

Number of Open doors 3 Doors
Door size 2.25 m X 1 m
Door Area 2.25 m2
But effective flow area = 1/2 the geometric area as per ASHRAE and CRESCI flow pattern
Effective Area 2.25 m2

Q0 = A X V X N
Where :
Qo = Air flow rate ( m3/sec)
A = Door Area ( m2 ).
N=Number of open doors
V = air velocity ( m/sec ). The velocity recommended will be ( 0.75 - 2 ) m/s .

Assumed air velocity to be 1 m/s

Get
Q = 3 X 2.25 X 1 = 6.75 m3/S
14303 CFM
C) Total air flow required for pressurization:-

Qt = Qo + Qc
= 4111 + 14303 18414 CFM

Calculation Result:

The Required Flow Rate to Pressurize the staircase in case of 3-Doors Opened
18500 CFM

Fan Capacity (SPF-02) 20500 CFM