Name of School : DAPA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Address : DAPA, SURIGAO DEL NORTE

Teacher : JOAN MARIE C. PELIAS
Subject : SCIENCE 8
Section : 8 - Jenner
Time Schedule : 12:00 – 12:50 PM
Date : June 4-8, 2018
Time Frame : 5 days

I. Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:

 define what is balanced and unbalanced forces;
 describe the forces acting on an object; and
 explain how motion affect the forces being applied to an object.

I. Subject Matter:

Lesson: Balanced and Unbalanced Forces

References: Grade 8 LM, TG, Science book
Materials: Visual aids

II. Lesson Development:

Learning Activities
Motivation
To introduce the concept of FORCE, place a ball or any object on top of a table and ask:
a. Will this object move by itself?
b. How can we make this object move?
c. While it is moving, how can we make the object speed up or slow down?
d. How can make it stop?
e. How can we make it change its direction?

A. ACTIVITY

 The students will perform …

Activity 1
Activity 2

B. ANALYSIS

Balance Forces
Situation 1: Hanging pen
Q1. The pen is at rest.
Q2. Yes. The forces acting on the pen are the tension force (the force exerted by the string on the pen)
and the force of gravity.
Q3. When the string was cut, the pen falls to the ground. The force of gravity makes the object fall
down.
Situation 2: Book on a table
Q4. The book is at rest.
Q5. Yes. The forces acting on the book are the force exerted by the table on the book and the force of
gravity.
Q6. No, the book stays at rest. The book may be moved by pushing it on one side only.

Q7. The forces are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction.

Q8. If the lines of action of the forces are extended, they meet at a single point.

Note: At this point, the term “concurrent forces” may be introduced. When the lines of action of the forces
acting on an object meet at a single point, they are considered as concurrent forces. When the forces
acting on an object are concurrent, the object does not move nor rotate.

Concept check:

1. Fnet = 20 units
2. Fnet = 5 units. The object will move in the direction of the 10-unit force (larger force).
3. Fnet = 0. The object will not move.
 C. ABSTRACTION

An object may be acted upon by several forces. For example, an object may be pushed and pulled in different
directions at the same time. To identify which of these forces would be able to cause change in the motion of the object, it is
important to identify all the forces acting on it.
To accurately describe the forces acting on an object, it is important for you to be familiar first with the following
terms: magnitude, direction, point of application, and line of action.
Forces are described in terms of these properties.
Magnitude refers to the size or strength of the force. It is commonly expressed in Newton (N). Consider the diagram in Figure
2 showing a force, represented by the arrow, acting on a ball. The direction of the arrow indicates the direction of the force
while the
.

The diagram in Figure 5 shows the forces acting on the a) pen and b) book in Activity 1. You learned in lower grades
that all objects fall down because gravity pulls on them towards the center of the earth. But what makes the pen and the book
stay at rest? The pen stays in place because of another force that acts on it that is supplied by the string which we refer to in
physics as tension force (T). The book, on the other hand, stays at rest because of the upward push exerted on it by the table
which we refer to as normal force (Fn). Both the tension force and normal force counteract the pull of gravity (Fg) that acts on
the objects. Study the diagram. How do the lengths of the arrows in each case compare? How do the magnitudes and directions
of the pair of forces compare?

In both cases, we can infer that the objects remained at rest because the forces acting on them are equal in magnitude
and in opposite directions and they lie along the same line of action (Figure 5). The forces are balanced. This was also
demonstrated in Activity 2. Also, if you try out step 7 in Activity 2, you will find that the lines of action of the four forces
intersect through a single point. This also explains why the body does not move or rotate.

Unbalance Forces

If you cut the string connected to the pen, the pen will fall. Or if you push the book on one side across the table, the
book will move but will not continue moving if you don’t continuously push it. The pen falls down because there is no more
force acting on it to counteract the pull of gravity. The book moves because of the push that you applied. In other words, the
 forces acting on these objects are no longer balanced. If an object initially at rest is under an unbalanced force, it moves in the
direction of the unbalanced force.
How about if the object is already in motion, how will the unbalanced force affect its motion?
Place a ball on the desk then push it gently to one side. Observe the motion of the ball as it rolls down the desk. What makes
the ball stop rolling after sometime? Again, you need to identify the forces acting on the ball. You can see in Fig. 6 that the force
of gravity and the normal force are again acting on the ball. But these forces are balanced, and so the ball stays on top of the
desk. However, there is another force that acts on the ball along the horizontal line or along the force that set the ball in
motion. Do you still remember your lesson on friction in the lower grades? You learned that friction is a force that acts
between surfaces that are in contact with one another. Friction in general acts opposite the direction of motion. In the case of
the rolling ball, the frictional force acts between the surfaces of the ball and the desk and slows down the motion of the ball.

D. APPLICATION

E. Evaluation

Summative Test

III. ASSIGNMENT

Study in advance Laws of Motion.

Remarks:

The lesson objectives was all carried.

Prepared by:

JOAN MARIE C. PELIAS

Subject Teacher

Checked by:

MARIETTA C. ASIGNAR, HT - III

Department Head