THE UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

REE 6031 HYDRO POWER

TUTORIAL 1

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QUESTION 1.
(a) Give an outline of the various types of hydro power turbines. Include an organogram of the
various classes of hydro turbines.
(b) Give an outline of the origins of the early types of hydro turbines and their uses.

QUESTION 2.

Give an outline of the key design and operation differences for the three types of hydropower
turbine machines as follows: Pelton, Francis and Kaplan turbine.

QUESTION 3.

Figure Q3 presents a site layout of a hydroelectric Power Plant using a single jet Pelton Turbine.

Site data and power demand for the selected Power Plant machinery is as follows:
Effective head H available at the Pelton turbine nozzle is 350 m;
Power demand is 4 MegaWatts;
Pelton turbine specifications:
Tangential velocity for Pelton wheel bucket (u1) is 0.33 of jet velocity (V1) ;
Water outlet angle for bucket (ɸ) is 20 deg.;
Relative velocity of water leaving the bucket (Vr2 ) is 0.72 of that of the inlet (V1);

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 Pelton turbine efficiency ( ηh ) is 81%;
Coefficient of velocity of nozzle ( Cv ) is 0.87 or 87%;
System electricity generation efficiency (ηg) is 85%.
The mean diameter of the Pelton wheel ( D ) is 1.4 m.

Using the data given above:

(a) Determine the water flow rate (Q); [7 marks]
(b) Determine the Torque (T) exerted by the turbine on the generator. Velocity vectors for the Pelton
wheel should also be included in the solution. [13 marks]

QUESTION 4.

The attached Figure Q4 presents a schematic design of a Kaplan turbine machine and associated water
flow velocity vectors.

The Kaplan turbine has the following machine design/operation and hydropower site data:

Site effective net water head is 40 m.

Turbine design/operation specifications:
Shaft power = 34 MW
Shaft rotation speed = 165 rpm
Efficiencies:
Hydraulic = 95 %
Overall = 88 %
Runner diameters:
(Refer to sketch) Do = 5.4 m
Db = 2.5 m

Using the data given above, calculate the following:

(a) Discharge Q; [7 marks]
(b) Velocity vector angles at hub side:
i) Runner vane angle at inlet ϴ; [9 marks]
ii) Runner vane angle at outlet ɸ. [4 marks]

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QUESTION 5.

Figure Q5 (a) presents a site layout plan for a Francis turbine driven power house. As indicated
in the figure, the Francis turbine is installed in the power house with its runner shaft in a vertical
position. The hydro-site location for the power house gives a pressure head H of 250 m at the
entrance of the runner. The water discharge Q from the penstock to the turbine is estimated to be
20 m3/sec with an entry velocity V1 to the runner of 14 m/sec. The design spindle speed N for
the runner is 480 rpm. The turbine is located at an elevation h of 6 m from the tail race.

Figure Q5(b) presents a schematic side view of the Francis turbine runner and has the following
design specifications:
Runner diameter ( D1 ) is 2.3 m;
Width of runner inlet ( B1 ) is 300 mm;
Turbine overall efficiency ( ηo ) is 90%
Turbine hydraulic efficiency ( ηh ) is 95%

(a) Present a velocity vector diagram for the runner entry point. [6 marks]
(b) Determine the following:
(i) Total head across the turbine (Hg ); [3 marks]
(ii) Power output ( P ); [4 marks]
(iii) Gide vane angle ( α ). [7
marks]

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Submit Question 3 by 23rd April 2018 and Question 4 by 27th April 2018.