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x y z
10. Show that x2 y2 z2 = x y z (x – y) (y – z) (z – x) . [ 2005 ]
x3 y3 z3
é -1ù
ê ú
11. If A = ê 2 ú and B = [ - 2 - 1 - 4 ] . Prove that (A B)T = BT AT . [ 2006 ]
êë 3 úû
x+a b c
12. Solve the determinant equation , a x+b c =0. [ 2006 ]
a b x+c
0 b2 a c 2 a
13. Prove the identity , a2 b 0 c 2 b = 2 a3 b3 c 3 . [ 2007 ]
a2 c b2 c 0
é1 2 2ù
ê ú
14. Show that the matrix A = ê 2 1 2 ú satisfies the equation A2 – 4 A – 5 I3 = 0 and hence find A–1 .
êë 2 2 1 úû
[ 2007 ]
38
MATHS
é cos x sin x ù é1 0ù
11. If A = ê ú and A adj A = k ê ú the value of ‘ k ’ is :
ë - sin x cos x û ë0 1û
(A) sin x cos x (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
é2 0 1ù
ê ú
14. Let f (x) = x – 5 x + 6 and A = ê 2 1 3 ú , then f (A) is equal to :
2
êë 1 - 1 0 úû
é 1 -1 - 3 ù é 1 -1 - 3 ù é 0 -1 - 3 ù é 0 -1 - 3 ù
ê ú ê ú ê ú ê ú
(A) ê - 1 - 1 - 10 ú (B) ê - 1 - 1 - 10 ú (C) ê 0 - 1 - 10 ú (D) ê 0 - 1 - 10 ú
êë - 5 4 4 úû êë - 5 4 3 úû êë - 5 4 3 úû êë - 5 4 0 úû
a1 b1 c1
If a2 b2 c2 = 0 , then the system has :
a3 b3 c3
(A) infinite solutions (B) one trivial and one non-trivial solutions
(C) no solution (D) only trivial solution (0 , 0 , 0)
40
MATHS
Exercise - 04
a2 a 1
2. The value of the determinant cos (n x ) cos (n + 1) x cos (n + 2) x is independent of :
sin (n x ) sin (n + 1) x sin (n + 2) x
x2 + 3 x x - 1 x + 3
3. If px4 + qx3 + rx 2 + sx + t º x +1 2-x x-3 then t =
x-3 x + 4 3x
4. If a , b & g are the roots of the equation x 3 + px + q = 0 , then the value of the determinant
a b g
b g a =
g a b
(A) p (B) q (C) p2 - 2q (D) None of these
2 a + b + c a + 2b + c a + b + 2 c a b c
7. If a + 2b + c a + b + 2 c 2 a + b + c = l b c a , then the value of l is :
a + b + 2c 2 a + b + c a + 2b + c c a b
(A) 4 (B) – 4 (C) 0 (D) 4(a + b + c)
42
MATHS
Exercise - 05
(SUBJECTIVE) LEVEL I (DETERMINANTS)
1. If A is a square matrix of order n, then prove that : det (adj A) = (det A)n – 1 .
b2 + c 2 ab ac
2 2
4. Show that : ab c +a bc = 4 a2 b2 c 2 .
ca cb a 2 + b2
x2 - 4 x + 6 2 x2 + 4 x + 1 3 x2 - 2 x + 6
5. If f (x) = x-2 2x + 2 3x - 1 then prove that , f (x) is an even function .
1 2 3
a2 + l2 a b + c l c a - b l l c -b
6. Prove that , a b - c l b2 + l2 b c + a l -c l a = l3 (l2 + a2 + b2 + c 2)3 .
a c + b l b c - a l c 2 + l2 b -a l
1
a a bc
8. Without expanding the determinant , prove that : 1 b ca = 0 .
b
1
c c ab
x 2 - a 2 x 2 - b2 x 2 - c 2
9. If a , b and c are distinct , solve the equation : ( x - a)3 ( x - b)3 ( x - c )3 = 0 for x .
( x + a)3 ( x + b)3 ( x + c )3
x2 - 5 x + 3 2x - 5 3
If D (x) = 3 x + x + 4
2
10. 6 x + 1 9 = a x3 + b x2 + c x + d , Then prove that ,
7 x 2 - 6 x + 9 14 x - 6 21
44
MATHS
(DETERMINANTS)
1. If A is a square matrix of order m n where m is odd , then the true statement is (where I is unit matrix)
(A) det (- A) = - det A (B) det A = 0
(C) det (A + I) = I + det A (D) det 2A = 2 det A
2. Which of the following statement is true ?
(A) Non singular square matrix does not have a unique inverse
(B) Determinant of a singular matrix is not also always zero
(n - 1)
(C) If ½A½ ¹ 0 then ½A adj (A)½ = A where A = [ aij ]n ´ n (D) None of these
1 3 cos x 1
3. If f (x) = sin x 1 3 cos x , then the maximum value of f (x) is :
1 sin x 1
(A) 5 (B) 10 (C) 15 (D) 20
4. Let { A1 , A 2 , A 3 , ...... , A k } be the set of all the third order matrices that can be made with the
distinct nonzero real numbers a1, a2, a3, . . ., a9 (repetition of element in a matrix is allowed) . Then
k
(A) k = 9 ! (B) k = 9 { 9 ! ) (C) å ½ A i½ = 0 (D) None of these
i =1
1 1 1
6. If A, B and C are the angles of a triangle and 1 + sin A 1 + sin B 1 + sin C =0
2 2 2
sin A + sin A sin B + sin B sin C + sin C
46
MATHS
Exercise - 08
IIT NEW PATTERN QUESTIONS
Section I Fill in the blanks
1. If [ x ] stands for the greatest integer less than or equal to ‘ x ’ , then the value of
[e] [ p] [ p2 - 6 ]
[p] [ p2 - 6 ] [e] is ________ .
[p 2
- 6] [e] [p]
2
cos a1 cos a 2 cos a 3
Then the value of cos b1 cos b2 cos b3 is ________ .
cos g1 cos g 2 cos g 3
é 1 3 2ù é 1ù
ê ú ê ú
4. The value of ‘ x ’ so that [1 x 1] ê 0 5 1 ú ê 1 ú = 0 is ________ .
êë 0 3 2 úû êë x úû
é 0 2b c ù
ê ú
5. The value of a , b , c when ê a b - c ú is orthogonal are ________ .
êë a - b c úû
a a + d a + 2d
1. Let D = a + d a + 2 d a , then
a + 2d a a+d
(A) D depends on a (B) D depends on d (C) D is a constant (D) All of these
-x a b
2. Let a , b > 0 and D = b - x a , then :
a b -x
(A) a + b – x is a factor of D (B) x 2 + (a + b)x + a2 + b2 – ab is a factor of D
(C) D = 0 has two real roots if a = b (D) None of these
3. If A and B are square matrices of the same order such that A2 = A, B2 = B, AB = BA = 0, then
(A) A(B)2 = 0 (B) (A + B)2 = A + B
2
(C) (A – B) = A – B (D) All above
48
MATHS
Section IV Comprehensions
Write Up I
x a a
If a , b > 0 and D (x) = b x a , then :
b b x
1. D (x) is increasing in :
(A) (- ab , ab ) (
(B) - ¥ , - a b ) È ( ab , ¥ ) (C) (- 3 ab , 3 ab )
(D) None of these
2. D (x) is decreasing in :
(A) (- ab , ab ) (B) (- 3 ab , 3 ab ) (
(C) - ¥ , - 3 a b È ) (3 a b , ¥ )
(D) None of these
Write Up II
Consider a system of linear equation in three variables x , y , z .
a1 x + b1 y + c 1 z = d1 ; a2 x + b2 y + c 2 z = d2 ; a3 x + b3 y + c 3 z = d3
é a1 b1 c1 ù éxù é d1 ù
ê ú êyú ê ú
The system can be expressed by matrix equation , ê a2 b2 c 2 ú ê ú = ê d2 ú or A X = B .
êë a3 b3 c 3 úû êë z úû êë d3 úû
If A is a non-singular matrix then the solution of above system can be found by X = A–1 B . The
solution in this case is unique .
If A is a singular matrix i.e. ½A½ = 0 , then the system will have no unique solution if
(Adj A) B = 0 and the system has no solution (i.e. it is inconsistent) if (Adj A) B ¹ 0 .
Where Adj A is the adjoint of the matrix A , which is obtained by taking transpose of the matrix
obtained by replacing each element of matrix A with corresponding copactors .
Now consider the following matrix ,
éa 1 0ù éa 1 1ù éf ù é a2 ù éxù
ê1 b dú ê ú ê ú ê ú ê ú
ú , B = ê0 d c ú , U = êgú , V = ê 0 ú , X = ê ú
A= ê y
êë 1 b c úû êë f g h úû êë h úû ê 0 ú êë z úû
ëê úû
50
MATHS
n-2
(C) Adj (k A) (r) A .A
adj (adj A )
(D) Adj (Adj A) (s) 2
A
é a1 b1 c1 ù é a1 b1 c1 d1 ù
ê ú ê ú
Let A = ê a2 b2 c 2 ú and B = ê a2 b2 c 2 d2 ú .
êë a3 b3 c 3 úû êë a3 b3 c 3 d3 úû
Match the entries from the following column .
Column I Column II
(A) If rank of A = rank of B = 3 , then the planes
P1 , P2 , P3 (p) are coincident
(B) If rank of A = 2 and rank of B = 3 , then the
planes P1 , P2 , P3 (q) are parallel
(C) If rank of A = rank of B = 2 , then the planes
P1 , P2 , P3 (r) form a prism
(D) If rank of A = rank of B = 1 , then the planes
P1 , P2 , P3 (s) intersect along a line
(t) intersect in a unique point
1+ x x x2
3. Let x 1+ x x 2 = a x5 + b x4 + c x3 + d x2 + e x + f .
x2 x 1+ x
52
MATHS
é1 0 ù é1 0ù
9. If A = ê ú and I = ê ú , then which one of the following holds for all n ³ 1 , by principle of
ë 1 1 û ë0 1û
mathematical induction .
(A) An = n A – (n – 1) I (B) An = 2n – 1 A – (n – 1) I
(C) An = n A + (n – 1) I (D) An = 2n – 1 A + (n – 1) I [ 2005 ]
1 + a2 x (1 + b2 ) x (1 + c 2 ) x
2
10. If a2 + b2 + c2 = – 2 and f (x) = (1 + a ) x 1 + b2 x (1 + c 2 ) x , then f (x) is a polynomial of degree
(1 + a2 ) x (1 + b2 ) x 1 + c 2 x
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 3 (D) 2 [ 2005 ]
11. If a1 , a2 , a3 , ....... , an , ...... are in G.P. , then the determinant
1
(A) (B) 5 (C) 52 (D) 1 [ 2007 ]
5
16. Let A be a square matrix all of whose entries are integers . Then which one of the following is true ?
(A) If determinant A ¹ ± 1 , then A–1 exists and all its entries are non-integers
(B) If determinant A = ± 1 , then A–1 exists and all its entries are integers
(C) If determinant A = ± 1 , then A–1 exists but all its entries are not necessarily integers .
(D) If determinant A = ± 1 , then A–1 need not exists [ 2008 ]
17. Let A be a 2 ´ 2 matrix with real entries . Let I be the 2 ´ 2 identity matrix . Denoted by tr (A) , the
sum of diagonal entries of A . Assume that A2 = I .
Statement – 1 (A) : If A ¹ 1 and A ¹ – 1 , then determinant A = – 1 .
Statement – 2 (R) : If A ¹ 1 and A ¹ – 1 , then tr A ¹ 0 .
(A) 1 is True, 2 is True, 2 is a correct explanation for 1
(B) 1 is True, 2 is True ; 2 is NOT a correct explanation for 1
(C) 1 is True, 2 is False (D) 1 is False, 2 is True [ 2008 ]
54
MATHS
Exercise - 10
IIT FLASH BACK (OBJECTIVE)
(A) Fill in the blanks
l2 + 3l l - 1 l + 3
1. Let p l4 + q l3 + r l2 + s l + t = l + 1 - 2l l - 4 be an identity in l , where p , q , r , s and t
l - 3 l + 4 3l
1 4 20
2. The solution set of the equation , 1 - 2 5 = 0 is ________ . [ IIT - 81 ]
1 2 x 5 x2
3. A determinant is chosen at random from the set of all determinants of order 2 with elements
0 or 1 only . The probability that the value of determinant chosen is positive is ________ .
[ IIT - 82 ]
x 3 7
4. Given that x = – 9 is a root of 2 x 2 = 0 the order two roots are ________ and ________ .
7 6 x
[ IIT - 83 ]
5. The system of equation , l x + y + z = 0 , – x + l y + z = 0 , – x – y + l z = 0 , will have a non-
zero solution . If real values of l are given by ________ . [ IIT – 84 ]
1 a a2 - b c
2
6. The value of the determinant 1 b b - c a is ________ . [ IIT – 88 ]
1 c c2 - ab
1 logx y logx z
7. For positive numbers x , y and z , the numerical value of the determinant logy x 1 logy z is
logz x logz y 1
________ . [ IIT - 93 ]
(B) True/False
1 a bc 1 a a2
1. The determinants 1 b c a and 1 b b2 are not identically equal . [ IIT - 83 ]
1 c ab 1 c c2
x1 y1 1 a1 b1 1
2. If x 2 y2 1 = a2 b2 1 then the two triangles with vertices (x1 , y1) , (x 2 , y2) , (x 3 , y3), and
x3 y3 1 a3 b3 1
(a1 , b1) , (a2 , b2) , (a3 , b3) must be congruent . [ IIT - 85 ]
56
MATHS
x3 sin x cos x
d3 f ( x )
5. Let f (x) = 6 -1 0 , where p is a consistent . Then at x = 0 is :
d x3
p p2 p3
1 a a2
7. The parameter , on which the value of the determinant , cos (p - d) x cos p x cos (p + d) x does
sin (p - d) sin p x sin (p + d) x
éa 0ù é1 0ù
13. If A = ê ú and B = ê 5 1 ú , then value of a for which A2 = B is :
ë 1 1û ë û
(A) 1 (B) – 1 (C) 4 (D) no real values [ IIT - 2003 ]
éa 2ù
15. Let A = ê ú and ½A3½ = 125 , then a equals :
ë2 aû
(A) ± 3 (B) ± 5 (C) ± 1 (D) 0 [ IIT - 2004 ]
58
MATHS
é3ù
ê ú
3. The value of , [ 3 2 0 ] U ê 2 ú is :
êë 0 úû
é5ù é3ù
(A) [5] (B) ê ú (C) [4] (D) ê ú
ë2û ë2û
Write Up II [ IIT - 2009 ]
Let A be the set all 3 × 3 symmetric matrices all of whose entries are either 0 or 1. Five of these entries
are 1 and four of them are 0.
1. The number of matrices in A is
(A) 12 (B) 6 (C) 9 (D) 3
x 1
Ay = 0
2. The number of matrices A in A for which the system of linear equation has a unique solution
z 0
is
(A) less than 4 (B) at least 4 but less than 7
(C) at least 7 but less than 10 (D) at least 10
x 1
Ay = 0
3. The number A in A for which the system of linear equations is inconsistent, is
z 0
(A) 0 (B) more than 2 (C) 2 (D) 1
Write Up III
Let P be an odd prime number and T p be the following set of 2 × 2 matrices [IIT - 2010 ]
ì éa b ù ü
Tp = íA = êc a ú : a, b, c Î {0,1, 2,...., p - 1}ý
î ë û þ
1. The number of A in Tp such that A is either symmetric or skew-symmetric or both, and det (A) divisible by
p is
(A) (p – 1)2 (B) 2(p – 1) (C) (p – 1)2 + 1 (D) 2p – 1
2. The number of A in Tp such that the trace of A is not divisible by p but det (A) is divisible by p is
[Note: The trace of a matrix is the sum of its diagonal entries.]
(A) (p – 1) (p2 – p + 1) (B) p3 – (p – 1)2
(C) (p – 1)2 (D) (p – 1) (p2 – 2)
3. The number of A in Tp such that det (A) is not divisible by p is
(A) 2p2 (B) p3 – 5p (C) p3 – 3p (D) p3 – p2
(F) Assertion/Reason
1. Consider the system of equations , x – 2y + 3z = –1
– x + y – 2z = k
x – 3y + 4z = 1
Statement - 1 : The system of equations has no solution for k ¹ 3
1 3 -1
Statement - 2 : The determinant - 1 - 2 k ¹ 0 , for k ¹ 3 .
1 4 1
(A) Statement - 1 is True , Statement - 2 is True ; Statement - 2 is a CORRECT explanation
for Statement - 1
60
MATHS
Exercise - 11
IIT FLASH BACK (SUBJECTIVE)
a b c
1. Let a , b , c be positive and not all equal . Show that the value of determinant b c a is negative.
c a b
[ IIT – 81 ]
x2 + x x +1 x -2
2 x2 + 3 x - 1 3x 3 x - 3 = x A + B , where A and B are determinants of order 3 not
2
x + 2x + 3 2x - 1 2x - 1
involving x . [ IIT – 82 ]
4. If a be a repeated root of a quadratic equation , f (x) = 0 and A (x) , B (x) and C (x) be polynomials
A ( x ) B ( x) C ( x )
of degree 3 , 4 and 5 respectively . Then show that A (a ) B (a ) C (a ) is divisible by f (x) ,
A ¢ (a ) B¢ (a ) C¢ (a )
where prime denotes the derivatives . [ IIT – 84 ]
x x x x x +1 x+2
Cr Cr + 1 Cr + 2 Cr Cr + 1 Cr + 2
y y y y y +1 y+2
5. Show that , Cr Cr + 1 Cr + 2 = Cr Cr + 1 Cr + 2 . [ IIT – 85 ]
z z z z z +1 z+2
Cr Cr + 1 Cr + 2 Cr Cr + 1 Cr + 2
a -1 n 6 n
7.
2
Let Da = (a - 1) 2 n
2
4 n - 2 . Show that å Da = c is a constant . [ IIT – 89 ]
3
(a - 1) 3 n 3
2 n2 - 3 n a =1
8. Let the three digit numbers A 2 8 , 3 B 9 and 6 2 C , where A , B and C are integers between 0
A 3 6
and 9 , be divisible by a fixed integer ‘ k ‘ . Show that the determinant 8 9 C is divisible by ‘ k ‘.
2 B 2
[ IIT – 90 ]
x x x
C1 C2 C3
9. Evaluate : y y y
C1 C2 C3 . [ IIT – 90 ]
z z z
C1 C2 C3
62
MATHS
21. Find the real values of ‘ r ‘ for which the following system of linear equations has a nontrivial
solutions . Also find the non-trival solutions :
2rx - 2y + 3z = 0 , x + ry + 2z = 0 , 2x + 2y + rz = 0 . [ IIT - 2000 ]
éa b c ù
ê ú
23. If matrix A = ê b c a ú , where a , b , c are real positive numbers . a b c = 1 and AT A = I .
êë c a b úû
Then find the value of a3 + b3 + c 3 . [ IIT - 2003 ]
éa 0 1ù éa 1 1ù éf ù é a2 ù
ê ú ê ú ê ú ê ú
25. Let A = ê 1 c b ú , B = ê 0 c d ú , U = ê g ú and V = ê 0 ú
êë 1 d b úû êë f g h úû êë h úû ê 0 ú
ëê úû
If there is a vector matrix , X, so that AX = U has infinitely many solutions .
Prove that , B X = V cannot have a unique solution . If a f d ¹ 0 , then that B X = V has no solution.
[ IIT - 2004 ]
64
MATHS
a 2 + a 2n +1 + 2p b 2 + 2n + 2 + 3q c2 + p
2n + p 2n +1 + q 2q
7. If p, q, r are in A.P., then the value of determinant is equal to
n +1
a +2 +p
2 n
b +2
2
+ 2q c -r
2
b 2 + c2 ab ac
ab c2 + a 2 bc
8. If = ka2 b2c2, then the value of k is
ca cb a +b
2 2
1+ a2x (1 + b 2 )x (1 + c 2 )x
(1 + a 2 )x 1 + b2 x (1 + c 2 )x
10. If a2 + b2 + c2 = – 2 and f(x) = then f(x) is a polynomial of degree is
(1 + a 2 )x (1 + b 2 )x 1 + c2 x
equal to
66
MATHS
DETERMINANTS
1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. A
7. B 8. C 9. A 10. B
68