EXPERIMENT#2

STATIC AND DYNAMIC BALANCING

INTRODUCTION
When man invented the wheel, he very quickly learnt that if it wasn’t completely
round and if it didn’t rotate evenly about it’s central axis, then he had a problem!

What the problem he had?

The wheel would vibrate causing damage to itself and it’s support mechanism and
in severe cases, is unusable.
A method had to be found to minimize the problem. The mass had to be evenly
distributed about the rotating centerline so that the resultant vibration was at a
minimum.

UNBALANCE:
The condition which exists in a rotor when vibratory force or motion is imparted to
its bearings as a result of centrifugal forces is called unbalance .

BALANCING:
Balancing is the technique of correcting or eliminating unwanted inertia forces or
moments in rotating or reciprocating masses and is achieved by changing the
location of the mass centers.
The objectives of balancing an engine are to ensure:

1) That the centre of gravity of the system remains stationery during a complete
revolution of the crank shaft and
2) That the couples involved in acceleration of the different moving parts balance
each other.

Types of balancing:

a) Static Balancing:
i) Static balancing is a balance of forces due to action of gravity.
ii) A body is said to be in static balance when its centre of gravity is in the
axis of rotation.

b) Dynamic balancing:

i) Dynamic balance is a balance due to the action of inertia forces.

ii) A body is said to be in dynamic balance when the resultant moments or
couples, which involved in the acceleration of different moving parts is
equal to zero.
iii) The conditions of dynamic balance are met, the conditions of static
balance are also met.

APPARATUS:

1.Static and dynamic balancing apparatus:

A bench mounted enclosure contains all the electronics
and safety guard for this apparatus. Atop the enclosure lid is a shaft running
in bearings. The shaft can carry upto four balance masses (non-coplanar). Each
mass can be easily adjusted for imbalance by its radius, linear and angular
position. An integral linear scale ensures accurate linear position of each mass,
whilst an integral angular scale ensures accurate angular position of each mass.
During dynamic balancing the shaft is run from a speed controlled motor through a
pulley and belt arrangement. The speed of the motor is accurately controlled from
the front panel.

2. A set of balance masses of varying magnitudes.

 PROCEDURE:
1. Set the masses at different distances from a fixed point.Also adjust the angles of
masses.
2. Now turn the power on and increase the speed slowly upto a value higher than
the resonant frequency of the system.
3.If there is any out of balance mass,excessive vibrations will occur in the vertical
direction at the resonance speed.
4. Find the location of the unbalanced mass by summing the forces in X and Y
planes.

CALCULATION AND OBSERVATION:

Plane m R θ mR mRcosθ mRsinθ X mRXcosθ mRXsinθ

(gm) (mm) (deg) (mm)

ma 40 35 0 1400 1400 0 0 0 0

mb 20 35 θa 700 700cosθa 700sinθa 60 42000cos θa 42000sin θa

mc 40 35 θb 1400 1400cosθb 1400sinθb 100 140000cosθb 140000sinθb

md 20 35 130 700 -450 536 130 -58500 69680

Ʃ Fx=0 1400+700cosθ a+1400cosθb-450=0

Ʃ Fy=0 700sinθ a+1400sinθb+536=0

Ʃ Mx=0 42000cos θ a+140000cosθb-58500=0

Ʃ My=0 42000sin θ a+140000sinθb+69680=0

By solving these equation, we

θa =91 , θb =215