Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Michael Barnes
APSG Education Foundation Chair 2010-2020
APSG Chair 2008-2009
Content
References:
www.apsg.info
www.iogp.org
www.epsg-registry.org
APSG at Esri Petroleum GIS Conference | Houston May 2018
Hierarchy of Mapping
Ellipsoid
Projected
λp Φp
Zp CRS
Equator is a derivative
Yp Xp of the Datum
(Geog CRS)
Easting, Northing,
Elevation (above MSL)
H
h
N=h-H
Ellipsoid
Normal to Ellipsoid Normal to Geoid
Geoid
Terrain
b
a
Geoid Ellipsoid
Equipotential surface which Surface where Computations are made
approximates to MSL 1/f = a/(a-b)
APSG at Esri Petroleum GIS Conference | Houston May 2018
Source: APSG
5
Half of the story
Reference Ellipsoids
7030 WGS 84 29 5%
Others 70 15%
500
Selected 8
( meters )
0 Projects
Datums in
Red
-500
-1000
-1000 -500 0 500 1000
( meters ) Source: Phil Summerfield
450
NAD 27
NAD 83
225 (CSRS)
SAD 69
PSAD
( meters )
WGS 84 56
0 Cape
Pulkova
42
-225
Minna
Aratu
Abidjan
-450
-450 -225 0 225 450
( meters )
General
Length
Shape
Shear
Distortion is unavoidable in any projection
Areas:
Ellipsoidal 8,067,169.67 km2
Albers Equal Area Conic 8,072,019.56 km2 [+0.06%]
Lambert Conformal Conic 7,193,234.60 km2 [-10.83%]
Mercator Cylindrical 13,702,681.84 km2 [+69.86%]
APSG at Esri Petroleum GIS Conference | Houston May 2018 Source: Phil Summerfield
12
Experts in Geomatics, Surveying, Positioning,
Geospatial Data, and Mapping Sciences
Easy !
Don’t know, I need more awareness
What is Barnes talking about?
1-5 m
17%
• Calculation of Area
➢ Map Grid (with and without corrected area scale factor)
➢ Ellipsoidal
➢ Ground or other surface level Ref: OGP GN’s and Prior
APSG presentations for
technical explanations
0.000001 degrees ≡ 6 to 60 cm
A random thought:
Final thoughts on