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Theory: The characteristics here measured are the no load characteristics, the short
circuit characteristics and the load characteristics
Circuit Diagram :
Equipment:
rpm
A A U2 V2 W2 Im
F2 A2 F2
M TG G
F1 A1 U1 V1 W1 F1
U IA
S Rmy
- + - + - +
220 V 0-220 V
F
RB
M = Electric torque meter MV 100
IA = Ammeter 6A TI 102
S = Switch TO 3
RB = Load resistor TB 40
XL = Load inductor TB 41
XC = Load capacitor TB 42
1.1 Connect the torque meter as motor and the synchronous machine as generator
in accordance with the circuit diagram
1.2 Make a note of the ratings of the synchronous machine shown on the rating plate
on the rear of the machine. These ratings must not be exceeded at any time during
the laboratory exercises
Adjust the shunt rheostat of the torque meter as least 0,25 A. This value must
be kept constantly throught the experiment. The switch S must be off
1.5 Set the variable DC voltage control on the power pack to zero and turn on the
variable DC voltage switch. Then slowly turn up the variable DC voltage and the
motor should rotate in the clockwise direction. Adjust the variable DC voltage in
order to bring the speed of motor to exactly 1500 rpm and this speed must be kept
constant throughout the exercise
2. Measurement of no load characteristic 𝑬 = 𝒇(𝑰𝒎)
Check the speed and the speed (1500 rpm) must be kept constantly.
i.e. the armature current as function of the excitation current when the stator is short
circuited
IA
3.1 Adjust the shunt rheostat Rmy of the synchronous machine
to bring the excitation current to zero. Short circuit all three
phases on the S on the side on which the load resistor is
Im
connected
3.2 Turn on switch S. Vary the armature current in steps of 0.5A from zero to maximum
(see ratings) with the shunt rheostat Rmy and for each step make a note of IA and
Im
Check the speed and the speed (1500 rpm) must be kept constantly.
3.3 Adjust the shunt rheostat of the synchronous machine to bring the exciting current
to zero. Turn off switch S and remove the short circuit
4.3 Turn off switch S and replace the load resistor by the delta connected load inductor
4.4 Turn on switch S and with the load inductor vary armature current in steps up to
maximum (see Ratings). For each step make a note of current IA and voltage U
4.5 Turn off switch S and replace the load inductor by the star connected load capacitor
4.6 Turn on switch S and with the load capacitor vary armature current in steps up to
maximum (see Ratings). For each step make a note of current I A and voltage U.
terminate the measurement when the voltage has risen to 300V.
Check the speed excitation current and speed throught the exercise.
Tasks
a. Draw graphs of the no load characteristic and short circuit characteristic in the same
diagram and with common Im axis
b. Draw graphs of the three load characteristics in the same diagram and with
common IA axis
c. Read the no load characteristic the excitation current Imo corresponding to the read
voltage
d. Read the short circuit characteristic the short circuit current Iko obtained at the
excitation current Imo
𝑈𝑛 127 𝑜ℎ𝑚
𝑋𝑆 = = ⁄𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒
𝐼𝑘𝑜 𝐼𝑘𝑜
𝐼𝑘𝑜
f. Calculate the short circuit ratio of the generator 𝐾𝑐 = , where In = rated current
𝐼𝑛
of the generator.
No load Short circuit
characteristic characteristic
Im E T Im IA T
(A) (V) (Nm) (A) (A) (Nm)
Load Characteristics
Im = const = ....... A
Φ = 0o Φ = +90o Φ = -90o
IA U T IA U T IA U T
(A) (V) (Nm) (A) (V) (Nm) (A) (V) (Nm)
0 220 0 220 0 220
EM 5: SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR
Task :
To observe how synchronous motor works and to study its characteristics when
synchronous motor works as as phase compensator and as motor driver
Theory:
The synchronous machine is started with the torque meter and the synchronization is done
by means of sequential lighting of the synchronous lamp. The machine is then drive as
synchronous capacitor and as motor
Circuit Diagram:
Rmy
rpm 220 V
A A U2 V2 W2 Im
F2 A2 F2
G TG M
F1 A1 U1 V1 W1 F1
- +
220 V
F RB
IA
Cos meter
0 R S T
3x220 V F
Equipment :
Q
IA
Pout
Pout
4.1 Adjust the shunt rheostat of the torque meter to bring the torque to minimum. Adjust
the shunt rheostat of the synchronous machine to bring the rotor current to
minimum (example : 0,5 A). Make a note of the excitation current of the
synchronous machine. The excitation current must be kept constant
throughout the experiment
4.2 Load the synchronous machine by varying the shunt rheostat of the torque meter
and the load resistor RB from minimum load to nominal load of motor (check ratings
& calculate T nom) minimal 5 steps. For each step make a note of M, Im, IA, UN, P1
and cosφ.
4.3 With the shunt rheostat of the torque meter adjust the torque to minimum. Change
the excitation current of the synchronous machine to 1.0A and maintain this value
constant throughout the experiment
4.4 Load the synchronous machine by varying the shunt rheostat of the torque meter
and the load resistor RB in steps of 0.5A up to the rated current of the synchronous
motor. For each step make a note of T, Im, IA, UN, P1 and cosφ.
3.1
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.2
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,5
4.2
0,5
0,5
0,5
1
1
1
4.4
1
1
1