Oracle9i: Advanced SQL

Student Guide • Volume 1

40058GC11
Production 1.1
November 2001
D34074
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Contents
I Introduction
Course Objectives I-2
Course Overview I-3

1 Using SET Operators

Objectives 1-2
The SET Operators 1-3
Tables Used in This Lesson 1-4
The UNION Operator 1-7
Using the UNION Operator 1-8
The UNION ALL Operator 1-10
Using the UNION ALL Operator 1-11
The INTERSECT Operator 1-12
Using the INTERSECT Operator 1-13
The MINUS Operator 1-14
SET Operator Guidelines 1-16
The Oracle Server and SET Operators 1-17
Matching the SELECT Statements 1-18
Controlling the Order of Rows 1-20
Summary 1-21
Practice 1 Overview 1-22

2 Oracle9i Datetime Functions

Objectives 2-2
TIME ZONES 2-3
Oracle9i Datetime Support 2-4
TZ_OFFSET 2-6
CURRENT_DATE 2-8
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP 2-9
LOCALTIMESTAMP 2-10
DBTIMEZONE and SESSIONTIMEZONE 2-11
EXTRACT 2-12
TIMESTAMP Conversion Using FROM_TZ 2-13
STRING To TIMESTAMP Conversion Using TO_TIMESTAMP and
TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ 2-14
Time Interval Conversion with TO_YMINTERVAL 2-15
Summary 2-16
Practice 2 Overview 2-17

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3 Enhancements to the GROUP BY Clause
Objectives 3-2
Review of Group Functions 3-3
Review of the GROUP BY Clause 3-4
Review of the HAVING Clause 3-5
GROUP BY with ROLLUP and CUBE Operators 3-6
ROLLUP Operator 3-7
ROLLUP Operator Example 3-8
CUBE Operator 3-9
CUBE Operator: Example 3-10
GROUPING Function 3-11
GROUPING Function: Example 3-12
GROUPING SETS 3-13
GROUPING SETS: Example 3-15
Composite Columns 3-17
Composite Columns: Example 3-19
Concatenated Groupings 3-21
Concatenated Groupings Example 3-22
Summary 3-23
Practice 3 Overview 3-24

4 Advanced Subqueries
Objectives 4-2
What Is a Subquery? 4-3
Subqueries 4-4
Using a Subquery 4-5
Multiple-Column Subqueries 4-6
Column Comparisons 4-7
Pairwise Comparison Subquery 4-8
Nonpairwise Comparison Subquery 4-9
Using a Subquery in the FROM Clause 4-10
Scalar Subquery Expressions 4-11
Scalar Subqueries: Examples 4-12
Correlated Subqueries 4-14
Using Correlated Subqueries 4-16
Using the EXISTS Operator 4-18
Using the NOT EXISTS Operator 4-20
Correlated UPDATE 4-21
The WITH Clause 4-26
WITH Clause: Example 4-27
Summary 4-29
Practice 4 Overview 4-31

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5 Hierarchical Retrieval
Objectives 5-2
Sample Data from the EMPLOYEES Table 5-3
Natural Tree Structure 5-4
Hierarchical Queries 5-5
Walking the Tree 5-6
Walking the Tree: From the Bottom Up 5-8
Walking the Tree: From the Top Down 5-9
Ranking Rows with the LEVEL Pseudocolumn 5-10
Formatting Hierarchical Reports Using LEVEL and LPAD 5-11
Pruning Branches 5-13
Summary 5-14
Practice 5 Overview 5-15

6 Oracle9i Extensions to DML and DDL Statements

Objectives 6-2
Review of the INSERT Statement 6-3
Review of the UPDATE Statement 6-4
Overview of Multitable INSERT Statements 6-5
Types of Multitable INSERT Statements 6-7
Multitable INSERT Statements 6-8
Unconditional INSERT ALL 6-10
Conditional INSERT ALL 6-11
Conditional FIRST INSERT 6-13
Pivoting INSERT 6-15
External Tables 6-18
Creating an External Table 6-19
Example of Creating an External Table 6-20
Querying External Tables 6-23
CREATE INDEX with CREATE TABLE Statement 6-24
Summary 6-25
Practice 6 Overview 6-26

A Practice Solutions
B Table Descriptions and Data
C Writing Advanced Scripts
D Oracle Architectural Components
Index

Additional Practices
Additional Practice Solutions
Additional Practices: Table Descriptions and Data

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