PASSIVE VOICE

1. To expect sb to do st => To expect st to be done

ex: she expected them to finish all the exercises.
=>all the exercises were expected to be finished

2. SB advise/request/invite/beg/urge/order/recommend… to do st
 someone + be + advised/ requested/ invited/begged/ urged/ recommended…. to do sth
ex: she invited us to come to her party => we were invited to come to her party

3. SB agree /arrange /determine /decide /advise/ beg/ urge/ order/ recommend/ ….to do st
=>Sb agree / arrange /determine /decide/ advise/beg/ urge/order/ recommend/ that st should
be done.
ex: he decided to sell the house.
=> he decided that the house should be sold

4. Sb insist/ propose/recommend/suggest/…..+ V_ing

=> Sb insist/ propose/recommend/suggest that sth should be done.
ex: they advise giving up smoking.
=> they advise that smoking should be given up.

5. sb need to do st => st need v-ing/ st need to be done

ex: she needs to water the flowers.
=> the flowers need watering/ the flowers need to be watered.

6. Sb think/ say/ report/believe/ know that someone do st/that st + be+ noun/adj

=>It + be+ thought/said/reported/ believed/ known… that someone do st
=>St + be+ thought/said/reported/ believed/ known… to do/to be + …

Ex: all of us think that she is the most intelligent girl in class.
=>it is thought that she is the most intelligent girl in class.
=> she is thought to be the most intelligent girl in class.
(chú ý: nếu vế sau ỏ thì quá khứ đơn hoăc htht thì  it was thought/ believed/ ..that n to have +
pp. Eg: peple think that he escaped in a stolen car  he is thought to have escaped ….)

7. Sb make/ let/see S.o do st => Someone is made/let/ seen to do st

ex: they let him know the truth. =>he is let to know the truth
*. Let cho phép
s + let + O1(ng) + v + O2(v) . They let her take the book home
=>s(O1) + be + allowed + to V + O she was allowed to take the book home
- th1: sau động từ ko có tân ngữ thì chuyển sang câu bị động dùng cấu trúc:
ex: they let me sing ~> i was let sing
- th2: sau động từ có tân ngữ:
ex: he let me sing a song ~> he let a song be sung.
- th3: nếu có tân ngữ trùng với chủ ngữ
ex: he let me help him. ~> he let himself be helped.

8. To have sb do st/ to get sb to do st => to have/get st done

ex: tthe teacher had his pupils bring all the chairs in.
=>the teacher had all the chair brought in.
9. It + be + your duty to do st => you + be+ supposed to do st
ex: it is your duty to help him in his study
10. It's imposible to+ v => S+ can't+be+ p2
eg: it's imposible to solved this proplem
=>this proplem can't be solved.

11. It's necessary to + v => S+ should / must + be + p2

eg : it's necessary for you to type this letter.
=>this letter should/must be typed.

12. Câu mệnh lệnh bị động. V + O => S + should/ must + be + p2

eg: Turn on the lights ! =>the lights should be turned on.
chú ý: Write your name here  Let your name be written here

13. People think/say/know/believe that+ clause.

=>it's thought/said/known/belived that+ clause.
Eg people believe that there is a ghost. =>it's believed that _ _ _ _.

14. Câu bị động vỚi các v: make, let, have, get,need, continue/ begin.
 make:
S + make + O1(người) + V + O2 (vật) his parents made him study hard
=> S(O1) + be + made + to V he was made to study hard by his parents.

 have: have s.o do sth  have sth done

 get: get s.o to do sth  get sth done
 need: need + v_ing/ need to be done the grass needs cutting/ to be cut

continue/begin:
s + continue /begin + to v + o. They continue/ begin to build the wall
=>s + continue/begin + to be + pp the wall continues/ begins to be built

15. Câu bị động với :

S + used /has or have/ tobe + to v+ o.
=>S + used/has or have/tobe + to be

16. Câu bị động với các V chỉ ước muốn: wish, want, expect, or các động từ chỉ sở thích : like ,
would like.
S + want/ expect/ like … + O1 + to v + O2.
=> S + want/ expect/like … + O2 + to be + p2.
Eg : the teacher wants us to answer all the questions.
=>the teacher wants all the questions to be answered.
17. Bị động cỦa động từ đi sau nó là một động từ ở dạng Ving
Các động từ đó như : love, like, dislike, enjoy, fancy, hate, imagine, regret, mind, admit,
involve, deny, avoid....etc
chủ động: S + V + Sb ving  bị động: S + V + Sb/st + being + p2
vd: I like you wearing this dress.  I like this dress being worn by you.

Thể chủ động (Active voice) Thể bị động (Passive voice)

1. Thì Hiện tại đơn: 1. Thì Hiện tại đơn:
1. I hate him. 1. He is hated (by me.)
2. I don’t like him. 2. He isn’t liked by me.
3. Do you like him? 3. Is he liked by you?
4. Why don’t you like him? 4. Why isn’t he liked by you?
5. Whom do you hate? 5. Who is hated by you?
6. Do you know the reason why I don’t like him? 6. Do you know the reason why he isn’t liked (by
me)?
7. It is I that hate him. 7. It is he that is hated (by me.)
8. I am the person who hate him. 8. He is the person who is hated.
9. Because of hating him, I don’t want to see him 9. Because of hating him, I don’t want him to be
any more. seen any more.
2. Thì Quá khứ đơn: 2. Thì Quá khứ đơn:
1. I hated him. 1. He was hated (by me.)
2. I didn’t like him. 2. He wasn’t liked (by me.)
3. Did you like him? 3. Was he liked (by you)?
4. Why didn’t you like him? 4. Why wasn’t he liked (by you)?
5. Whom did you hate? 5. Who was hated (by you)?
6. Do you know the reason why I didn’t like him? 6. Do you know the reason why he wasn’t liked (by
7. It is I that hated him. me)?
8. I am the person who hated him. 7. It is he that was hated (by me).
9. Because of hating him, I didn’t want to see him 8. He is the person who was hated (by me).
any more. 9. Because of hating him, I didn’t want him to be
seen any more (by me).
3. Thì Tương lai đơn: 3. Thì Tương lai đơn:
1. I will hate him. 1. He will be hated (by me).
2. I won’t like him. 2. He won’t be liked (by me).
3. Will you like him? 3. Will he be liked (by you)?
4. Why won’t you like him? 4. Why won’t he be liked (by you)?
5. Whom will you hate? 5. Who will be hated by you?
6. Do you know the reason why I won’t like him? 6. Do you know the reason why he won’t be liked
7. It is I that will hate him. (by me)?
8. I am the person who will hate him. 7. It is he that will be hated.
9. Because of hating him, I won’t want to see him 8. He is the person who will be hated.
any more. 9. Because of hating him, I won’t want him to be
seen any more.
4. Thì Hiện tại tiếp diễn: 4. Thì Hiện tại tiếp diễn:
1. I am hating him. 1. He is being hated (by me).
2. Are you liking him? 2. Is he being hated (by you)?
3. Why are you hating him? 3. Why is he being hated ?
4. Why aren’t you liking him? 4. Why isn’t he being liked?
5. Whom are you hating? 5. Who is being hated?
6. Do you know the reason why I am not liking 6. Do you know the reason why he isn’t being
him? liked?
7. It is I that am hating him. 7. It is he that is being hated.
8. I am the person who is hating him. 8. He is the person who is being hated (by me).
5. Thì Quá khứ tiếp diễn: 5. Thì Quá khứ tiếp diễn:
1. I was hating him. 1. He was being hated him.
2. Were you liking him? 2. Was he being liked (by you)?
3. Why were you hating him? 3. Why was he being hated?
4. Why weren’t you liking him? 4. Why wasn’t he being liked?
5. Whom were you hating? 5. Who was being hated by you?
6. Do you know the reason why I wasn’t liking 6. Do you know the reason why he wasn’t being
him? liked?
7. It is I that was hating him. 7. It is he that was being hated.
8. I am the person who was hating him.
9. Because of hating him, I wasn’t wanting to see
him any more.
6. Thì Tương lai tiếp diễn:
1. I will be hating him.
2. I won’t be liking him.
3. Why will you be hating him?
4. Why will you be liking him?
5. Whom will you be hating?
6. Do you know the reason why I won’t be liking
him?
7. It is I that will be hating him.
7. Thì Hiện tại hoàn thành:
1. I have hated him.
2. I haven’t liked him.
3. Have you like him?
4. Why have you hated him?
5. Why haven’t you liked him?
6. Whom have you hated?
7. Do you know the reason why I haven’t liked
him?
8. It is I that have hated him.
9. I am the person who have hated him.
10. Because of hating him, I haven’t wanted to see
him any more.
8. Thì Quá khứ hoàn thành:
1. I had hated him.
2. I hadn’t liked him.
3. Had you like him?
4. Why had you hated him?
5. Why hadn’t you liked him?
6. Whom had you hated?
7. Do you know the reason why I hadn’t liked
him?
8. It is I that had hated him.
9. I am the person who had hated him.
10. Because of having hated him, I didn’t look at
him any more.
9. Thì Tương lai hoàn thành:
1. I will have hated him.
2. I won’t have liked him.
3. Will you have liked him?
4. Why will you have hated him?
5. Why won’t you have liked him?
6. Whom have you hated?
7. Do you know the reason why I won’t have
liked him?
8. It is I that will have hated him.
9. I am the person who will have hated him.
10. Thì Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn:
1. I haven’t been liking him.
2. Have you been liking him?
11. Thì Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn:
8. He is the person who was being hated.
9. Because of hating him, I wasn’t wanting him to
be seen any more.
6. Thì Tương lai tiếp diễn:
1. He will be being hated.
2. He won’t be being liked.
3. Why will he be being hated?
4. Why will he be being liked?
5. Who will be being hated?
6. Do you know the reason why he won’t be being
liked?
7. It is he that will be being hated.
7. Thì Hiện tại hoàn thành:
1. He has been hated.
2. He hasn’t been liked.
3. Has he been liked ?
4. Why has he been hated?
5. Why hasn’t he been liked?
6. Who has been hated?
7. Do you know the reason why he hasn’t been
liked?
8. It is he that has been hated.
9. He is the person who has been hated.
10. Because of hating him, I haven’t wanted him to
be seen any more.
8. Thì Quá khứ hoàn thành:
1. He had been hated.
2. He hadn’t been liked.
3. Had he been liked ?
4. Why had he been hated?
5. Why hadn’t he been liked ?
6. Who had been hated?
7. Do you know the reason why he hadn’t been
liked?
8. It is he that had been hated.
9. He is the person who had been hated.
10. Because of having been hated, he wasn’t looked
at any more (by me).
9. Thì Tương lai hoàn thành:
1. He will have been hated (by me).
2. He won’t have been liked (by me).
3. Will he have been liked (by you)?
4. Why will he have been hated (by you)?
5. Why won’t he have been liked (by you)?
6. Who has been hated (by you)?
7. Do you know the reason why he won’t have been
liked?
8. It is he that will have been hated.
9. He is the person who will have been hated.
10. Thì Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn:
1. He hasn’t been being liked.
2. Has he been being liked?
11. Thì Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn:
 1. I hadn’t been liking him.
2. Had you been liking him?
12. Thì Tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn:
- I won’t have been liking him.
13. Ngữ động từ nguyên mẫu có “to”:
1. I want you to do this job.
2. I want you to help him.
3. I think him to help them.
4. At last, they wanted to change their plan.
5. Mr. Baker wishes his son to do the homework.
6. Both of them agree to carry out their plan as
scheduled.
7. They are going to open a new hospital in
HCM City.
14. Ngữ động từ nguyên mẫu bỏ “to”:
1. I saw a thief break into that house yesterday. yesterday.
2. His mother made him to clean his room.
3. Mary may do that work if required.
4. The police let the suspect go after having
inquired him.
5. We should help anyone in need.
15. Ngữ hiện tại phân từ:
1. Shaking the house for some minutes, the
earthquake made it collapse.
2. Having collared and tied the gangsters to a 2. Having been collared and tied to a pole, the
pole, Mr. Brown bit them to death.
16. Ngữ động từ ở Quá khứ phân từ (V3):
1. Some days ago, when I passed his house, I 1. Some days ago, when I passed his house, I saw
saw him beat his wife.
2. When I walked along the street late last
Sunday, I saw a car run over a dog.
17. Mệnh đề liên hệ:
1. He who used to help me before has won lottery
two days ago.
2. The driver who drove the car on that day is my
uncle.
3. The man who helped you yesterday painted
this picture.
18. Mệnh lệnh cách:
1. “Help her, Tom!”
2. “Let me do that for you!”
3. “Don’t hand in those papers late!”
4. “Close the door, please!”
5. “Let them complete the work themselves!”
19. Câu truyền khiến:
1. Bill often has that barber cut his hair.
2. Bill often gets that barber to cut his hair. 2. Bill often gets his hair cut by that barber.
3. He gets his wife to wash his clothes.
20. Động từ khiếm khuyết:
1. He hadn’t been being liked.
2. Had he been being liked?
12. Thì Tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn:
- He won’t have been being liked.
13. Ngữ động từ nguyên mẫu có “to”:
1. I want this job to be done by you.
2. I want himself to be helped by you.
3. I think them to be helped by him.
4. At last, they wanted their plan to be changed.
5. Mr. Baker wishes the homework to be done by
his son.
6. Both of them agree their plan to be carried out
as scheduled (by them).
7. A new hospital is going to be opened in HCM
City (by them)
14. Ngữ động từ nguyên mẫu bỏ “to”:
1.I saw that house be broken into by a thief
2.He was made to clean his room by his mother.
3. That work may be done by Mary if required.
4. the suspect was let to go by the police after
having been inquired.
5. Anyone should be helped in need.
15. Ngữ hiện tại phân từ:
1. Shaken for some minutes, the house was made to
collapse by the earthquake.
gangsters were beaten to death by Mr. Brown.
16. Ngữ động từ ở Quá khứ phân từ (V3):
his wife be beaten by him.
2. When I walked along the street late last Sunday, I
saw a dog be run over by a car.
17. Mệnh đề liên hệ:
1. He by whom I used to be helped before has
won lottery two days ago.
2. The driver by whom the car was driven on
that day is my uncle.
3. - This picture was painted by the man who
helped you yesterday.
- This picture was painted by the man by whom you
were helped yesterday.
18. Mệnh lệnh cách:
1. “Let her be helped by yourself, Tom!”
2. “Let that be done by myself for you!”
3. “Don’t let those papers be handed in late by
yourself!”
4. “Let the door be closed by yourself, please!”
5. “Let the work be completed by themselves!”
19. Câu truyền khiến:
1. Bill often has his hair cut by that barber.
3. He gets his clothes washed by his wife.
20. Động từ khiếm khuyết:
- He must hand in his assignment in due time.
21. Câu hỏi đuôi:
- You are doing your homework, aren’t you?
22. Động từ có hai túc từ:
- Tom gave his father a present
23. Ngữ danh động từ:
- Mary doesn’t like doing exercises.
- They started building this boat yesterday
24. Câu hỏi “Yes”/ “No”:
- Do you often wash your car at weekends?
25. Câu hỏi “Wh-”:
- Who helped you do this homework?
26. Câu ở Bàng thái cách (Subjuntive mood):
- If I had studied hard, I would have passed the
recently past exam.
27. Câu có Chủ từ có nghĩa phủ định:
- Nobody helps me do this work.
28. Câu có: “People/everyone + say, rumor,
think, report, believe, know…+ That + clause”:
- People rumor that he is a wise man.
29. Câu có chứa mệnh đề danh từ.
- Mr. Tân thinks that life is terrible.
30. Chủ từ có ngữ đồng vị theo sau:
- Mr. Brown, an experienced taxi driver, has
caused two serious traffic accidents
31. Vị trí trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn và thời gian:
- My friend saw her in the street yesterday.
32. Câu chủ động với NEED + V-ING:
- He needs to repair his motorbike.
33. Câu có chứa ngữ độc lập.
- The gate-keeper having opened the gate, we
entered.
34. Các trường hợp hiểu ngầm tác nhân trong câu bị 34. Các yếu tố vừa kể ở ô bên trái được hiểu ngầm khi
động: khi tác nhân (đối tượng thực hiện hành động) ở thể bị động.
là đại từ nhân xưng, đại từ bất định, danh từ tập
hợp chỉ người chung chung, hoặc từ chỉ tác nhân
không cụ thể
- They built that bridge long ago.
35. Câu chủ động với các động từ: suggest,
advise, allow, propose, recommend, insist, …và allow, propose, recommend, insist, … và các động
các động từ chỉ lời khuyên và lời đề nghị nói chung. từ chỉ lời khuyên và lời đề nghị nói chung.
- They advise giving up smoking.
- They advise us to give up smoking.
36. Các bạn đọc thêm trường hợp đặc biệt trong ví 36. Các bạn đọc thêm trường hợp đặc biệt trong ví dụ
dụ dưới đây:
- It is your duty to help him in his study.
BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA CẤU TRÚC CHỦ NGỮ GIẢ " IT".
- His assignment must be handed in due time.
21. Câu hỏi đuôi:
- Your homework is being done, isn’t it?
22. Động từ có hai túc từ:
- His father was given a present
- A present was given to Tom’s father by him.
23. Ngữ danh động từ:
- Exercises aren’t liked doing by Mary
- This boat started being built yesterday
24. Câu hỏi “Yes”/ “No”:
- Is your car often washed (by you) at weekends?
25. Câu hỏi “Wh-”:
- By whom were you helped to do this homework?
26. Câu ở Bàng thái cách (Subjuntive mood):
- If I had studied hard, The recently past exam would
have been passed (by me)
27. Câu có Chủ từ có nghĩa phủ định:
- I am not helped to do this work.
28. Câu có: “People + say, rumor, think, report,…
+ That + clause”:
- He is rumored to be a wise man.
- It is rumored that he is a wise man
29. Câu có chứa mệnh đề danh từ.
That life is terrible is thought by Mr. Tân.
30. Chủ từ có ngữ đồng vị theo sau:
- Two serious traffic accidents have been cause by Mr.
Brown, an experienced taxi driver.
31. Vị trí trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn và thời gian:
- She was seen in the street by my friend yesterday.
32. Câu bị động với NEED + V-ING:
- His motorbike needs repairing.
- His motorbike need to be repaired.
33. Câu có chứa ngữ độc lập.
- The gate having been opened by the gate-keeper,
we entered.
- That bridge was built long ago.
35. Câu bị động với các động từ: suggest, advise,
- They advise that smoking should be given up.
- We are advised to give up smoking.
dưới đây:
- You are supposed to help him in his study
Bị động:
Công thức:
It + be + adj + for sb + to do st.. It + be + adj + for st + to be done
It is difficult for me to finish this test in one hour It is difficult for this test to be finished in one hour.

INVERSION ( ĐẢO NGỮ)

Đảo ngữ dùng để nhấn mạnh hành động của chủ ngữ, hoặc được dùng vì mục đíc tu từ. Đảo ngữ thường
có 2 trường hợp: Đảo trợ động từ lên trước chủ ngữ; và Đảo động từ chính lên trước chủ ngữ.
1. Đảo ngữ với NO và NOT
No+ N + auxiliary+S+Verb(inf)
Not any+ N+ auxiliary+ S+ verb(inf)
Eg: No money shall I lend you from now on
= Not any money shall I lend you from now on
2. Đảo ngữ với các trạng từ phủ định: Never, Rarely, Seldom, Little, Hardly ever,.....
Never/ Rarely/ Seldom /Little/ Hardly ever+ auxiliary+ S+ V
Never in mid-summer does it snow
Hardly ever does he speak in the public
3. Đảo ngữ với ONLY
Only one
Only later chỉ sau này
Only in this/that way chỉ bằng cách này/ cách đó
Only then + auxiliary+ S + V
Only after+ N Chỉ sau …
Only by V_ing/ N chỉ bằng cách
Only when+ clause
Only with+ n
Only if+ clause
Only in Adv of time/ place chỉ tại nơi ……
Eg Only one did i meet her
- Only after all gest had gone home could we relax
- Only when I understand her did I like her
- Only by practising E every day can you speak it fluently
4. Đảo ngữ với các cụm từ có No
At no time chưa bao giờ
On no condition trong bất kỳ điều kiện nào
On no account + auxiliary+ S+ N Dù bất cứ lý do gì cũng không
Under/ in no circumstances Dù trong bất cứ hoàn cảnh nào cũng không
For no searson không có lý do gì được cả
In no way Không sao có thể
No longer không còn..
- For no reason shall you play traunt
- The money is not to be paid under any circumstances
= Under no circumsstances is the money tobe paid
- On no condition shall we accept their proposal
5. No sooner.......... than..... Chưa kịp ….. thì ( diễn tả hai hành động xẩy ra liên tiếp nhau)
Hardly/ Bearly/ Scarely........ When/ before
- No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang
- Hardly had she put up hẻ umbrella before the rain becam down in torrents

6. Đảo ngữ với Not only....... but......also.....

-Not only + auxiliary + S + V but.... also..........
- Not only is he good at E but he also draw very well
- Not only does he sing well but he also plays musical instruments perfectly

7. Đảo ngữ với SO, Such, trạng từ tần suất

a/ Câu đảo ngữ có chứa “So” mang cấu trúc như sau:
So + tính từ + to be + Danh từ …
e.g: So strange was the situation that I couldn’t sleep.
So difficult is the test that students need three months to prepare.
b/ Câu đảo ngữ có chứa “Such” mang cấu trúc như sau:
Such + to be + Danh từ + …..
e.g: Such is the moment that all great barrier.
c/ Câu đảo ngữ chứa trạng từ tần suất:
Trạng từ tần suất + trợ động từ + S + V …
e.g: Many a time has he given me good advice.
Often did we go for walk together.
8. So+ adjective+ be+ N+ clause
So intelligent is that she can answer all questions in the interview

9. Đảo ngữ với until/ till+ clause/ adv of time+ Va+ S+ V Mãi cho đến …
I won't come home till 10 o'clock
=Not until/ till o'clock that I will come home
= It is not until 10 o'clock that I will come home
I didn't know that I had lost my key till I got home
= Not until/ till I got home did I know that I had lost my key
10. Đảo ngữ với No where+ Au+ S+V không nơi nào
No where in the VN is the cenery as beautiful as that in my country
No where do I feel as comfortable as I do at home
No where can you buy the goods as good as those in my country
11. Đảo ngữ với câu điều kiện
a, Câu đk loại 1: If clause = should+S+V lỡ may (Should thay cho If)
If she come late, she will miss the train  Should she come late, she will miss the train.
Should he lend me some money I will buy that house
b, Câu đk loại 2:If clause= Were S +to V/ Were+S (Were được thay cho If)
If I were you I would work harder =Were I you........
If I knew her I would invite her to the party= Were I to know her........
c, Câu đk loại 3 : If clause = Had+S+PII (Had thay cho If.)
If my parents hadn't encouraged me, I would have taken pass exam
= Had my parents not encourage
 EXERCISE
1. He rarely comes to see me now.
-> Rarely ……………………………
2. I really understood it only after he had explained it the 4th time.
-> Only after …………….
3. If Bob had not interfered in his sister’ marital problems, there wouldn’t have been peace
between them. -> Had ………………………………….
4. If she needed help, she would call you immediately.
-> Were …………………….
5. The doctor had hardly fallen asleep when the telephone woke him up.
-> Hardly …………
6. If I finish the dress before Saturday, I will give it to my sister for her birthday.
-> Should ……………………………………………………………………..
7. He not only spent all his money, but he even borrowed some from me.
-> Not only ………..
8. Miles and miles of forest lie before them. -> Before them ………………..
9. The tree were beautiful in their autumn colors.
-> Beautiful …………………
10. If they had arrived at the sale early, they would have found a better selection.
-> Had …………………………………………………………………
11. If I were rich, I would very happy. -> Were ……………………………
12. He was so sick that he had to be taken to hospital.
-> So …………………..
13. The unknown soldiers lie here. -> Here …………………………..
14. She has never been in such an embarrassing situation before.
-> Never before ………….
15. Many beautiful rose bushes grew in the garden of the palace.
-> In the garden ………
16. If the workers had worked harder, they would have received the bonus.
-> Had ……….…
17. She had never been so happy in all her life.
-> Never …………………..
18. If I were in your place, I should refuse his invitation.
-> Were ……………..
19. He managed to pass the exam only by hard work.
-> Only ………………….
20. He had hardly got into the bath when the telephone rang.
-> Hardly …………..
21. If I had met you before, we might have been friends.
-> Had ………………………
22. The doctor was so angry that one of the nurses dared to utter.
-> So ……………………
23. I can explain the matter in no other way. -> In no other way ………………….
24. If you see Mary today, please ask her to call me. -
> Should ………………..
25. I had got outside no sooner than it began to rain.
 -> No sooner …………….
26. They not only come late but they are also often late.
-> Not only ……………
27. He had given me advice many a time. -> Many a time ………………..
28. When he is here, he only speak English.
-> Only when ………………..
29. We often wait for walk together. -> Often …………………………..
30. If she were to see you, she would be very surprised.-> Were ……………..
31. John seldom forgets to do his homework. -> Seldom ………………………
32. He grief was so great that she almost fainted.
-> So ………………………..
33. He got down to writing the letter as soon as he returned from his walk.
-> No sooner …………………………………………………..
34. She just had time to put up her umbrella before the rain came down in torrents.
-> No sooner …………………………………………………………..
35. If you want to save your eyesight, you must operate immediately.
-> Only by ……….
36. She had hardly begun to speak before people started interrupting her.
->Hardly ………….
37. Someone rang the alarm as soon as the burglars left the building.
-> No sooner ……………..
38. I only realized what I had missed when they told me about it later.
-> Only when .........……
39. The demand was so great that they had to reprint the book immediately.
-> So ………….…
40. You won’t find a more dedicated worker anywhere than Mrs. Jones.
-> Nowhere …….…….
41. The outcome of the election was never in doubt.
-> At no time ……………….…………
42. Tear gas was released as soon as the thieves touched the safe.
-> No sooner ……….……….
43. The only way to eliminate world terrorism is by united opposition.
-> Only by ……………..
44. I only recognized him when he came into the light. -> Not until …………………….………
45. The workers only called off the strike after a new pay offer.
-> Only after …………………..
46. Alice and Charles did not decide to move to a bigger house until after the birth of their second
child. --> Only when ……………………………………………
47. He forgot about the gun until he got home. -> Not until ……………………..
48. The truth only came out on the publication of the general’s personal diaries.
-> Only when …………………………………………………………
49. I had only just put the phone down when the boss phoned back.
-> Hardly …………
50. Immediately after his appointment to the post, the new editor fell ill.
-> No sooner ………..
51. There was no precedent for the King resignation.
-> Never …………………..
52. Everyone started complaining the moment the announcement was made.
-> No sooner …………………………………………………………
53. I didn’t realize who he was until later. -> Only later ………………………
54. We couldn’t relax until all the guests had gone home.
 -> Only …………….
55. The only thing that prevented the passing of the bill was the death of the Prime Minister.
-> Had it not ………………………………………………………………………
56. John didn’t celebrate until he received the offer of promotion in writing.
-> Not until …………………………………………………..……
57. The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard every day.
-> Only by ……
58. They had to wait for twelve hours before the flight left.
-> Only after a …………..
59. The result of the match was never in doubt.
-> At no time …………………..
60. There are more people out of work in this country than ever before.
-> Never …….
61. It was only when I left home that I realized how much my father meant to me.
-> Not until ……………………………………
62. He never suspected that the money had been stolen. -
> At no time………………….
63. The only reason the party was a success was that a famous film star attended.
-> Had it not …………………………………….
64. I have never seen such a mess in my life.
-> Never …………………….

REWRITE

1. Would you like me to + V + S.T => I will + V + S.T If you like

2. Would you mind + Ving + S.t => I would like you to + V + S.T
=> I woud rather you + V
3. S + be + proud of + S,O + Ving + S.T => S + pride + S.O + on + Ving + S.T
4. Nobody lèt bểo me => I was the first person to leave
5. Why didn’t they tell me about the change of the.. => I should have been told about …
6. I’m sorry. I’m late. => I applogize for my unpuntuality
7. “ It certainly wasn’t me who took your card.” Said Bob.
-> Bob denied____________________________________________
=> S+ deny+ V-ing
Notice: tùy vào thì đã cho ở câu trên để chia V-ing câu dưới.
VD câu trên v chia quá khứ đơn thì v câu dưới fải chia qúa khứ hoàn thành
=> having taken
2.Some one has suggested abolishing income tax.=> It has been …
3. There was no precedent for the King resigned. => Never before…
=> Câu đảo ngữ:
Never + trợ động từ + S + V
4. The drama critic of the “ Daily news” regards the new play as a major break-through. =>
According to
=> According to N+ clause
5. They won’t be able to come on Sunday.=> It will be
=> Khi câu trên là be(chia) able to-> câu dưới dùng be(chia) possible/impossible
6. I’m quite sure that she didn’t steal the necklace => She can’t …
=> câu trên : S1+ be+ sure(believe)+S2+ V...
-> Câu dưới: S2+ can/can't have V3/ed or have been V-ing
Notice: Cũng tùy theo V câu trên để chia V của câu dưới,
( nhưng luôn dùng những thì có have+..... )
7. All his suits were made in paris. => He had
=> S+ have(chia)+ N+ V3/ed
8. This is his first visit to England. => He is
9. Attendances at the exhibition has been down this year. =>The exhibition hasn’t
10. They declared war on the pretext of defending the territorial rights. => The excuse for…
11. We regret to inform you that your application hasn’t been successful.=> Much to…
=> Much to+ N, S+ must+ V...........
12 He knows nearly everything there is to know about whales.=> There is …
13. When the Minister was asked about the strike, he declined to comment. => On being…
14. I’m absolutely sure that they weren’t playing in this weather. => They can’t…
15.There was no need for you to have gone to all that trouble. => You needn’t…
16. She wasn’t only bad- tempered but also very lazy. => As well as…
17.Couldn’t you have got a bus to the station? => Wasn’t it …
18.Fares will be likely to go up again this Autumn. => It looks as if …
=> Có vẻ như, chắc chắn là
19.Do you think Sally will be able to come to us for Christmas?=> Is there any …
20.Tan looks nothing like his father => Tan…
=> take after : trông giống với
21. If the painting is finished by Saturday, we will pay you extra =>
22. They can find the cat anywhere => the cat is nowhere to be found

GERUNDS
1
Verb + V-ing:
Admit, avoid, delay, enjoy, excuse, consider, deny, finish, imagine, forgive, keep, mind, miss,
postpone, practise, resist, risk, stop, remember, forget, regret, suggest, like, propose, detest, dread,
resent, pardon, try, fancy.
Chú ý: the gerund cũng theo sau những cụm từ như can’t stand (=endure), can’t help (=prevent/
avoid), it’s no use/good, there is no point in (chẳng có ích gì …),have difficult/trouble( gập khó
khăn..), Waste time/money( lãng phí thời gian/tiền bạc), look forward to,no good, no use
Ví dụ:
I couldn’t help laughing.
It’s no use arguing.
Is there anything here worth buying?
• Verb + possessive adjective/ pronoun + V-ing.
dislike, resent, object, excuse, forgive, pardon, prevent.
• Verb + pronoun + preposition + V-ing. forgive, prevent, stop, excuse.
2
The infinitive
• Verb + the infinitive
Agree, appear, arrange, attempt, ask, decide, determine, be determined, fail, endeavour, forget,
happen, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, promise, prove, refuse, remember, seem, tend,
threaten, try, volunteer expect, want, mean.
• Verb + how/what/when/where/ which/why + infinitive
ask, decide, discover, find out, forget, know, learn, remember, see, show + object, think,
understand, want to know, wonder.
• Verb + object + the infinitive:
advise, allow, enable, encourage, forbid, force, hear, instruct, invite, let, order, permit, persuade,
request, remind, see, train, teach how, urge, warn, tempt.
• Assume, believe, consider, feel, know, suppose, understand + (object) + to be:
I consider him to be the best candidate
= He is considered to be the best candidate
He is known to be honest.
You are supposed to know the laws of your own country.
3
Những động từ theo sau là Ving hoặc to-V nhưng mang nghĩa khác nhau:
+ Stop + V-ing: dừng hẳn làm gì
Stop + to V: dừng để làm gì rồi tiếp tục làm
+ Remember/forget/regret + to V: nhớ/quên/tiếc sẽ phải làm gì (ở hiện tại và tương lai)
Remember/forget/regret + V-ing: nhớ/quên/tiếc đã làm gì (ở quá khứ).
+ Try + to V: cố gắng làm gì
Try + V-ing: thử làm gì
+ Like + V-ing: thích làm gì vì nó thú vị, hay, cuốn hút, làm để thưởng thức
Like + to V: làm việc đó vì nó là tốt và cần thiết.
+ Prefer + doing something + to + doing something else.
Prefer + to do something + rather than (do) something else
+ Need + to V: cần làm gì
Need/want/require + V-ing: mang nghĩa bị động (cần được làm gì)
+ Be used to + V-ing: quen với việc gì (ở hiện tại)
Used to + V: thường làm gì trong quá khứ (bây giờ không làm nữa)
+ Advise/ allow/ permit/ recommend + object + to V: Khuyên/cho phép/đề nghị ai làm gì
Advise/ allow/ permit/ recommend + Ving: Khuyên/ cho phép/ đề nghị làm gì
See / hear/ smell/ feel/ notice/ watch + object + V-ing: Cấu trúc này được sử dụng khi người nói
chỉ chứng kiến một phần của hành động:
I see him passing my house everyday.
She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising.
See / hear/ smell/ feel/ notice/ watch + object + V(nguyển thể không có 'to'): Cấu trúc này được
sử dụng khi người nói chỉ chứng kiến toàn bộ hành động:
We saw him leave the house.
+ Regret + Ving: hối hận chuyện đã làm
Regret + to-V:lấy tiếc để…
+ Mean + Ving: mang ý nghĩa
Mean + to-V: dự định
4
Những động từ theo sau bởi Ving hoặc to-V mà nghĩa không đổi: begin, start, continue, hate, love
 CONDITIONALS
1. Lược bỏ if:

- Có thể lược bỏ if trong câu điều kiện và phải dùng hình thức đảo ngữ.
Ví dụ:
 If somebody asks me, please tell them I will be back in an hour.
Should anyone ask me, please tell them I will be back in an hour.
 If it weren’t for his help, I would never succeed.
Were it not for his help, I would never succeed.
 If I had known he was afraid, I wouldn’t have done it.
Had I known he was afraid, I wouldn’t have done it.

2. Câu điều kiện kết hợp: loại 2 + loại 3

- Dùng để diễn tả một sự thay đổi ở tình huống hiện tại đã ảnh hưởng đến tình huống trong quá
khứ.
If + Past Simple, S + would have + V(pp) + O hoặc S + would have + V(pp) + O + If + Past
Simple
Ví dụ:
 If I weren’t so busy all the time, I would have come along.
 If he didn’t go on business today, he would have visited you.

3. Câu điều kiện kết hợp: loại 3 + loại 2

- Dùng để diễn tả một sự thay đổi ở tình huống trong quá khứ gây lên một tình huống khác biệt ở
hiện tại
If + Past Perfect, S + [would + V, would be V-ing] + O hoặc S + would have + V(pp) + O + If +
Past Simple
Ví dụ:
 If you had told me about the skiing trip, I would be there with you now.
 If I hadn’t stayed up late last night, I wouldn’t be so tired now.
 If I had worked harder at school I would be sitting in a comfortable office now. I wouldn’t
be sweeping the street.

4. If you will/would thường được dùng trong các câu yêu cầu lịch sự, would là hình thức lịch sự
hơn.
Ví dụ:
 If you will/would wait for a moment I’ll see if Mr. Jones is free.
 I would be grateful if you would make the arrangements for me.

5. If + would like/care có thể được dùng thay vì if + want/wish và có vẻ lịch sự hơn.

Ví dụ:
 If you would like to come, I’ll get a ticket for you.
 If you’d care to see the photographs, I’ll bring them round.

6. If + should có thể được dùng trong loại 1 để trình bày rằng hành động dù có thể rất khó được
xảy ra; nó thường được nối với một mệnh để chỉ mệnh lệnh, được dùng chủ yếu trong các bản chỉ
dẫn.
Ví dụ:
 If you should have any difficulty in getting spare parts, ring this number.
If these biscuits should arrive in a damaged condition please inform the factory at once
TAG QUESTIONS
1) Câu đầu là I WISH:
- Dùng MAY
- Ví dụ:
- I wish to study English, may I ?
2) Chủ từ là ONE: Dùng you hoặc one
Ví dụ:
One can be one’s master, can’t you/one?
3) Câu đầu có MUST:
Must có nhiều cách dùng cho nên tùy theo cách dùng mà sẽ có câu hỏi đuôi khác nhau
- Must chỉ sự cần thiết: => dùng needn’t
Ví dụ:
They must study hard, needn’t they?
- Must chỉ sự cấm đoán: => dùng must
Ví dụ:
You mustn’t come late, must you ?
- Must chỉ sự dự đoán ở hiện tại: => dựa vào động từ theo sau must
Ví dụ:
He must be a very intelligent student, isn’t he?
- Must chỉ sự dự đoán ở quá khứ ( trong công thức must +have+ p.p) : => dùng [ ] là have/has
Ví dụ:
You must have stolen my bike, haven’t you?
4) Let đầu câu:
Let đầu câu có nhiều dạng cần phân biệt:
- Let trong câu rủ (let’s ): dùng shall we ?
Ví dụ:
Let’s go out, shall we?
- Let trong câu xin phép (let us /let me ): dùng will you ?
Ví dụ:
Let us use the telephone, will you?
Let me have some drink, will you?
- Let trong câu đề nghị giúp người khác (let me): dùng may I ?
Ví dụ:
Let me help you do it, may I ?
5) Câu cảm thán:
Lấy danh từ trong câu đổi thành đại từ, [ ] dùng is, am, are
Ví dụ:
What a beautiful dress, isn’t it?
What a stupid boy, isn’t he?
How intelligent you are, aren’t you?
6) Câu đầu có I + các động từ sau: think, believe, suppose, figure, assume, fancy, imagine,
reckon, expect, seem, feel + mệnh đề phụ:
Lấy mệnh đề phụ làm câu hỏi đuôi.
Ví dụ:
I think he will come here, won’t he?
I don’t believe Mary can do it, can she? ( lưu ý MĐ chính có not thì vẫn tính như ở MĐ phụ)
Cùng mẫu này nhưng nếu chủ từ không phải là I thì lại dùng mệnh đề đầu làm câu hỏi đuôi.
Ví dụ:
She thinks he will come, doesn’t she?
7) Câu đầu có It seems that + mệnh đề
- Lấy mệnh đề làm câu hỏi đuôi.
Ví dụ:
It seems that you are right, aren’t you?
8 ) Chủ từ là mệnh đề danh từ:
-Dùng it
Ví dụ:
What you have said is wrong, isn’t it?
Why he killed himself seems a secret, doesn’t it?
9, USED TO: từng (diễn tả thói quen, hành động thường lập đi lập lại trong quá khứ)
- Trường hợp này, ta cứ việc xem USED TO là một động từ chia ở thì quá khứ. Do đó, câu hỏi
đuôi tương ứng chỉ cần mượn trợ động từ DID
- Thí dụ:
+ SHE USED TO LIVE HERE, DIDN'T SHE?
10,HAD BETTER:
- HAD BETTER thường được viết ngắn gọn thành 'D BETTER, nên dễ khiến ta lúng túng khi
phải lập câu hỏi đuôi tương ứng. Khi thấy 'D BETTER, chỉ cần mượn trợ động từ HAD để lập
câu hỏi đuôi.
- Thí dụ:
+ HE'D BETTER STAY, HADN'T HE?
11,WOULD RATHER:
- WOULD RATHER thường được viết gọn là 'D RATHER nên cũng dễ gây lúng túng cho bạn.
Chỉ cần mượn trợ động từ WOULD cho trường hợp này để lập câu hỏi đuôi.
- Thí dụ:
+ YOU'D RATHER GO, WOULDN'T YOU?

Một số dạng đặc biệt như sau:

1,I am --------> Aren't I ? ( nhưng nếu là : I am not ... thì lại dùng : am I ? )

2 trong md1 có sử dụng các từ như:seldom, hardly, no scarely, barely, never phần md2 láy đuôi
phải dùng ở khẳng định
Vd tom seldom goes fishing, does he?

3, trong md1 có S là nobody, no one, somebody, someone, everyone, everybody,phần hỏi láy
đuôi(md2) S là they
S trong md1 là no thing, everything, that thì md2 S là ít

4, trong câu sử dụng no, nobody, no one, none, neither câu hỏi láy đuôi phải dùng ở khẳng định

5, câu có dạng " V +0"

dùng phần láy đuôi là
+ will you( nếu khi bảo ai đó làm gì)
+ won't you)(khi mới ai đó làm gì)

6, câu có dạng " Don't V 0

dùng phần láy đuôi là "will you"