Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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By: DR. Ahmed M. EL-Kholy
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Lecturer
Department of Civil Eng..
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Fayoum U
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Ahmed M. EL-Kholy
Copyright
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1- Schedule
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2- SAP ??? Or Etabs ???
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3- Examples
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Ahmed M ELKholy 2
Important Brief
Introduction
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to
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Finite Element Method
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“FEM”
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“FEA” ٣
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Ahmed M ELKholy 44
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Ahmed M ELKholy 5
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Ahmed M ELKholy 6
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right click at any joint in SAP or ETABS
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Ahmed M ELKholy 7
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SAP
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Structural Analysis Program
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Ahmed M ELKholy 9
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Important Brief
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Introduction
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SAP
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11 y
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Area Sections
..Define… Section Properties…Area Sections…
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Design
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20 y
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Sign Convention
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Frame Sign Convention
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Positive M3 & V2
Compresses face+2 Parallel to axis 2 at face+1
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Frame Sign Convention
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Positive M2 & V3
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Forces are per unit
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length
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Moments are per
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unit length
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Positive M22 & Positive M33
Compress face+3
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face 6 = face+3 = Red
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Degrees of Freedom
..Analyze… Set Analysis Options
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Any space joint has 6 DOF
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Ux Uy Uz Rx Ry Rz
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2D Frame XZ Plane √ ---- √ ---- √ ----
2D Frame XY Plane M √ √ ---- ---- ---- √
3D Frame √ √ √ √ √ √
3D Truss √ √ √ ---- ---- ----
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2D Truss XZ Plane √ ---- √ ---- ---- ----
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Load Patterns, Load Cases,
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Load Combinations
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..Define… Load Patterns…
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..Define… Load Cases…
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..Define… Load Combinations…
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Ahmed M ELKholy 30
?Load Patterns, Load Cases, Load Combinations
..Define… Load Patterns…, Load Cases…, Load
Combinations
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Load Case Load Combination Load Pattern
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Static Load Cases
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OW Dead=OW+Flooring+Wall Weight A Load Pattern must
Liner or Non-Linear
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Wall Weight Ult=1.4Dead+1.6Live Static Load Case
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Live Follow Chapter 3
in ECP-RC the patterns
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……. (values & shapes) of
EQ-Static
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……
EQ-Dynamic
…....
Buckling …... 31
Moving Load 31
?Load Patterns, Load Cases, Load Combinations
..Define… Load Patterns…
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Load Patterns, ?Load Cases, Load Combinations
..Define… Load Cases…
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Load Patterns, ?Load Cases, Load Combinations
..Define… Load Cases… Flooring (modify/show
case)
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Research
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Load Patterns, ?Load Cases, Load Combinations
..EQ Modeling…………
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EQ Modeling
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Static Response Spectrum Time History Analysis
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Equivalent Static (8-3)
Sd=Se/R
(8-12)
Load Method M(8-2) (8-4)
(8-11) t
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(8-14)
Fi = [ hi/Σh ] Fb T
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TB TC TD
EQX - EQY SPECX - SPECY
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Load Patterns, ?Load Cases, Load Combinations
..Define… Load Cases… Modal (modify/show case)
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M ≥3√n
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≥ 90%
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ECL 2012
item: 8-4-2-6
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Load Patterns, ?Load Cases, Load Combinations
..Define… Functions… Response Specturm…
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Load Patterns, ?Load Cases, Load Combinations
..Define… Load Cases… Add New Load Case… Response
Spec..
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UBC: 9.81/R
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..Define…
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Functions…
Response Spectrum…
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Load Patterns, ?Load Cases, Load Combinations
..Define… Load Cases… Add New Load Case… Response
Spec..
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..Define…
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Functions…
Response Spectrum…
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Load Patterns, Load Cases, ?Load Combinations
..Define… Load Combinations…
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Load Patterns, Load Cases, ?Load Combinations
..Define… Load Combinations… Envelope
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Dead + Live “envelope” Dead
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Live
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Ahmed M ELKholy 41
Load Patterns, Load Cases, ?Load Combinations
..Define… Load Combinations… Absolute
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Dead
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Absolute (Dead)
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42
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Steps of
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Building a SAP Model
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Steps of Building a SAP Model
1 Units Bottom Right Screen
2 New Model
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3 Available DOF Slide 29
Slide 31~42
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4 Define… Materials, Sections, Functions, L Patterns, L Cases, L Combinations
5 Draw the Structure & Assign Sections
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6 Assign Joint.. Restraints, Constraints, Springs
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7 Assign Frame.. Releases, End Offset, Intersection Points, Output Stations
8 Assign Area.. Springs M
9 Assign Joint Loads & Frame Loads & Area Loads
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10 Display.. Show Loads & Misc Assignments
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Step 3. New Model
..File… New Model…
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Cartesian & Cylindrical
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Step 4*
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Draw the Model …
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Drawing Tools
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Step 4*. Drawing the Model
Drawing / Selection / View Tools
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Step 4*. Drawing the Model
Drawing / Selection / View Tools
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Step 4*. Drawing the Model
Drawing / Selection / View Tools
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Step 4*. Drawing the Model
Drawing / Selection / View Tools
..View… Set 3D View...
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View Direction Angle options: Set these three angles to determine the
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orientation of the view. These angles can be thought of as describing the
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location of your eye, looking toward the origin
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Plan angle: Your location in the X-Y plane, where zero is on the positive X
axis, and 90 is on the positive Y axis
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Elevation angle: Your location above or below the X-Y plane, where zero is
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Aperture angle: A measure of how strong the perspective effect is, or how
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far away you are from the origin. Zero indicates that you are infinitely far
away, and all receding lines are parallel (no perspective). A value between
30 and 60 is usually adequate
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Step 4*. Drawing the Model
Drawing / Selection / View Tools
Training Example
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4m 4m 52
Step 4*. Drawing the Model
Using Excel
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Drawing a Joint
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Type Name X Y Z USER
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POINT 1 2 3 1 Y
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Drawing a Frame
Type M
Name XI YI ZI XJ YJ ZJ
LINE 1 3 5 0 7 5 0
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Drawing an Area
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Step 4*. Drawing the Model
Using Excel :: Training Example
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9m
7m
1 M 2
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7m 2.5 m
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Joint Constraints
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..Define… Joint Constraints…
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..Assign… Joint Constraints…
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Joint Constraints
..Define/Assign… Joint Constraints..
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A Body Constraint causes all of its constrained joints
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Body to move together as a three-dimensional rigid body.
If a large number of these constraints must be created,
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consider using the weld constraint instead.
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A Diaphragm Constraint causes all of its constrained joints
to move together as a planar diaphragm that is rigid against
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Diaphragm membrane (in-plane) deformation.
This constraint can be used to model concrete floors .
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Weld if the Z axis is chosen, this constraint is equivalent to
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Rod
Equal
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Definition of
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Non Prismatic Section
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Nonprismatic Section
..Define..Section Properties..Frame..Add New..Other..Nonprismatic
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Nonprismatic Section
..Define..Section Properties..Frame..Add New..Other..Nonprismatic
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A linear variation in t2 for the rectangular shape
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would require eivar33=1
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A linear variation in t3 for the rectangular shape
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would require eivar33=3
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A linear variation in t3 for the I- shape would re
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Frame Intersection Point
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Cardinal Point
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Intersection Point
..Assign..Frame..Intersection Point
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Intersection Point
..Assign..Frame..Intersection Point
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Intersection Point
..Assign..Frame..Intersection Point
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Intersection Point
..Assign..Frame..Intersection Point
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Cardinal Point
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Frame End Offset
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End Offset
..Assign..Frame..End Offset
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Examples
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Example 1
Truss-Frame
PD=2 t
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PW=0.3 t PL=1 t
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T2
1.5 1.0
T1
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D1 V2
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B1 B2 B3
0.24 t/m
0.15 t/m
M Steel 37
6m
10x2.00=20.00 m
Ahmed M ELKholy 68
Example 2
RC-Beam
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DL 1.00 t/m DL 1.25 t/m
LL 0.50 t/m DL 3.0 t
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LL 0.40 t/m
Z LL 1.2 t 25 cm
2
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DL 3 t/m, LL 0.4 t/m
60 cm
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M 2.5 1.0 1.0 2.5 1.0
1 4 3.5 4.5
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Ahmed M ELKholy
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Example 4 B
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Beam under Temperature
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Z 2”
2 Mater1
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X 3 E=29000 k/in2
3”
α=0.000065 /F
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10 inch
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Load Case 1: Increase 20 F
M 2
60 F
Load Case 2: Increase 2 F/inch along X-axis
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A B
X X
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MCase A Case B
Load Case U F
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1 Ux=0.0013 Fx=-22.62
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2 Ux=0.00065 Fx=-11.31
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3 Uz=-0.0065 Fz=2.545
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Example 5 DL
Frame under different loads and temperatureLL
+Settlement + Inclined Support WL
Utemp
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NUTemp
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Sec. 3 Sec. 3
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30 cm DL 3.0 t
3m
30 cm 2
Sec. 2
30 cm
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2 LL 1.2 t
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125 cm
90 cm
60 cm
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Sec. 2
4m
Sec. 1
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Sec. 2
Sec. 3
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1-DL Case
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2-LL Case
3-WL Case
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4-Utemp Case :: Uniform Increase 20 C
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25 cm 25 cm
2 30 C
25 cm M 2 30 C
2 30 C
125 cm
90 cm
60 cm
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Cartesian 2-2-1-20-8-…
Example 6 Cylindrical 2-41-1-14.5-4.5-… & Origin=P
Replicate Radial
Arch 3 t/m
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4m
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10
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20.00 m
P=(0,-2.5,0) 79
Example 6
Arch
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Horizontal Projection Load
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Example 6
Arch
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Example 7
Prestress Beam – Using Tendon Element
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Flat Slab Example
Flat Slab Modeling ::: 3 Alternatives
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Flat Slab Example
Minimum Dimensions
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1. ts=15 cm.
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2. ts=L/32 for edge spans.
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3. ts=L/36 for internal spans.
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4. bc=1/20 span.
5. bc=30 cm.
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6. bc=1/15 floor height.
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Flat Slab Example
Flat Slab Modeling ::: 3 Alternatives
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Flat Slab Example
Flat Slab Modeling ::: 3 Alternatives
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Flat Slab Example
AutoCAD DXF
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1. Choose carefully & fix (0,0) point in CAD & SAP
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2. Mesh 0.25x0.25 ~ 1.0x1.0 m2
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3. Align the mesh at the beams lines, building edges
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and lines separating different loads areas.
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4. A t least one joint must exist in the column C.G.
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5. Large columns may be represented by more joints.
6. Avoid triangle and irregular elements shapes as
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much as possible
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1. Fcu=300 Kg/cm2
2. Slab 22 cm “Isotropic == Material angle=0”
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3. Beam B25X70
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4. Patterns: OW, Flooring, Wall& LL
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5. Cases: Patterns & DL
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6. Combinations: Work & Ultimate
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Flat Slab Example
Material Angle
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Flat Slab Example
Input
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Grid 9,10,1
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X Spacing
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1.82,3.87,2.87,1.63,1.63,2.87,3.87,1.82
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Y Spacing
3.38,2.74,1.5,1.31,2.25,1.31,1.5,2.68,3.44
Ahmed M ELKholy 91
Flat Slab Example
Reactions
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Display… Show Forces… Joints
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Display … Show Tables..
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Flat Slab Example
RFT
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Flat Slab Example
RFT
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Flat Slab Example
RFT Details
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Flat Slab Example
RFT Details
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Flat Slab Example
Development Length & Embedment Length
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1. Item 4-2-5-1 ECP RC Structures
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2. Ld ≥ Ld+0.3d from critical section (Column Face
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for –M and mid span for +M)
3. Le ≥ d & Le ≥ 0.3d+10Φ
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Check Punching M
q=Qβ/b0d (6-25) ≤ Eq. (4-32-a & 4-32-b & 4-33)
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1.
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1. ΔD+L+Creep ≤ L/250
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2. ΔD+L+Creep ≤ L/480 “non structural elements likely to be
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damaged by large deflection”
3. ΔL ≤ L/360
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4. L? M
5. Δ : from SAP or ∫MM/EI
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6. Ie must be used for estimating Δ
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7. Ie= (Mcr/Ma)3Ig+(1-(Mcr/Ma)3)Ic
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Project No. Date
DESIGN CALCULATION
Flat Slab Example SHEET Sheet No.
of --
Computed by
Batool
Check Deflection – item 4-3-1-1
Subject
Checked by Approved by
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Building
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Calculation of Deflection According to ACI 318M-05
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Concrete Compressive Strength (f'c) = 300.00 Kg/cm2 = 30.00 MPa
Concrete Modulus of Rupture (fr) = 3.40 MPa (Eq. 9-9)
Concrete Modulus of Elasticity (Ec) = 2.6E+04 MPa (Clause 8.5.1)
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n (Es/Ec) = 7.77 (Clause 8.5.2)
Section Properties
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Thickness of Section (t) = 32.00 cm Depth of Ten. Reinforcement (d) = 32.00 cm
Breadth of Section (b) = 100.00 cm Depth of Comp. Reinforcement (d') = 3.00 cm
Tension Reinforcement (As) = 14.00 cm2 Compression Reinforcement (As') = 8.00 cm2
Span (l)
Nutral Axis Depth (z)
Gross Moment of Inertia (Ig)
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=
=
=
10.00 m
7.06 cm
273066.67 cm4 = 2.73E+09 4
mm
Cracked Moment of Inertial (Icr) 80276.33 cm4 = 8.03E+08
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= mm
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Efffective Moment of Inertia (Eq. 9-7)
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Under Dead Load Only (Ie)d = 273066.67 cm 4 = 2.73E+09 mm 4
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Under Dead + Live Load (Ie)d+l = 151953.891 cm4 = 1.52E+09 mm4
Modified Short time Deflection
Deflection due to Dead Load (Δi)d = 0.3000 cm
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Deflection due to Sustained Load (Δi)sus = 0.5169 cm
Deflection due to Dead + Live Load (Δi)d+l = 0.8446 cm
Deflection due to Live Load (Δi)l = 0.5446 cm
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Additional Long Term Deflection (Clause 9.5.2.5)
For 5 years or more (Δlong) = 0.91887 cm For 12 months (Δlong) = 0.64321 cm
For 6 months (Δlong) = 0.55132 cm
M For 3 months (Δlong) = 0.45944 cm
Results
-- Flat roofs not supporting and not attached to nonstructural elements likely to be damaged by large defelections:
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(Δi)l = 0.5446 cm < l/180 = 5.5556 cm
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-- Floors not supporting and not attached to nonstructural elements likely to be damaged by large deflections:
(Δi)l = 0.5446 cm < l/360 = 2.7778 cm
-- Roof or floor construction supporting or attached to nonstructural elements likely to be damaged by
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large deflections:
(Δlong) + (Δi)l = 1.4635 cm < l/480 = 2.08333 cm
-- Roof or floor construction supporting or attached to nonstructural elements not likely to be damaged by
large deflections:
(Δlong) + (Δi)l = 1.4635 cm < l/240 = 4.1667 cm
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Flat Slab Example
Reactions Slide 88 & Constraint Column Joints
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Reactions Slide 88
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Constraint Column Joints
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Complex Model
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Add to Model
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from Template
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Complex Examples
…Edit.. Add to Model from Template…
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Define, S-Doom
Complex Examples R 2.5, Z divisions 6
Origin 10.181, 12.586
…Edit.. Add to Model from Template…
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Complex Examples
…Edit.. Add to Model from Template…
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R 2.5, Z divisions 6
Complex Examples Origin 10.215, 7.527
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Complex Examples
…Edit.. Add to Model from Template…
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Slab edge must be aligned with
M doom bottom edge
at their intersection
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in DXF stage
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107
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Tanks
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Bearing
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Capacity
=1.0 Kg/cm2
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=10.0 ton/m2
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Y Z
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109
Tanks
…Model
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Grid
Quick Area
2
K
2
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2
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6 5 Areas
4 M
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Edit… Edit Areas…
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Divide Areas …
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(0.5x0.5 m2)
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111
Tanks
Define..J Patterns, ..Assign…Joint Patterns
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Define
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Joint Patterns
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Assign M
Joint Patterns
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Water Pressure=3-(1)Z
112
Tanks
Assign… Area Loads… Surface Pressure
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114
Tanks
Assign…Joints OR Area … Springs
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Alternative 1:: Area Springs
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100 X Bearing Capacity (ton/m2)
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115
2
Edge Joints
Tanks
Assign…Joints OR Area … Springs
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100 X Bearing Capacity (ton/m2) X 0. 5X0.25
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Alternative 2:: Joint Springs
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1 3
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M 100 X Bearing Capacity (ton/m2) X 0.25X0.25
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100 X Bearing Capacity (ton/m2) X 0.5X0.5
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Uz
M
Uy
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Ux 118
Tanks
Spring Forces
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119
Tanks
Moments & RFT
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Base RFT, M11 & M22
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M11 Horizontal RFT M22 Vertical RFT
Tanks
Check Bearing Capcity
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121
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RAFT
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١٢٢
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Patterns 160 t
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160 t
SDL 230 t 480 t
160 t
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300 t
SEX 130 t
110 t
70 t 360 ton 290 t
SEY
L-
410 t
Mx=My=1100 mt 400 t 60 t
Cases 110 t 290 t 410 ton
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Mx=My=1100 mt 140 t
Patterns+ 190 t
M140 t
SEXN 140 t
SEYN 200 t 240 t
100 t 200 t 280 t
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Bearing 60 t 180 t
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Capacity 130 t
85 t
=2.0 Kg/cm2 t=110 cm
=20.0 ton/m2 Fcu=300 Kg/cm2 123
RAFT
…Patterns, Cases, Combinations, Design M
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Patterns
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SDL
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SEX
SEY Design
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SDL
Cases
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SDLEX
Patterns+ SDLEXN
SEXN
M SDLEY
SEYN SDLEYN
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Combinations
SDLEX
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SDLEXN
SDLEY
SDLEYN 124
Patterns
RAFT SDL
…Loads SEX
SEY
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SEX
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Load SEX & SEY will be
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explained in the lecture
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SDL
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SEY
125
Flat Assignment Due
Wednesday 18 Sep
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Raft Assignment Due
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Thursday 19 Sep
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126
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Brief Introduction
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to
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ECL 2012
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..
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…
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…..
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…….
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128
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١٢٩
129
Ahmed M ELKholy
Etabs
DXF
1. Prepare DXF for different floors in Autocad as
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shown in the given practice in lecture.
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1. Try to avoid triangle and irregular elements shapes
L-
as much as possible
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2. Choose carefully & fix (0,0) point in Cad & Etabs
3. The mesh should be applicable for continuity of
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the columns and shear walls in all floors
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4. Check your mesh in Cad many times before
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working on Etabs
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may be modeled using area elements.
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8. Two alternatives to model the retaining wall.
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131
2-Units
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Ton-m
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Grid 9,10
X Spacing
3- New,… edb 1.82,3.87,2.87,1.63,1.63,2.87,3.87,1.82
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Y Spacing
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3.38,2.74,1.5,1.31,2.25,1.31,1.5,2.68,3.44
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4- Grid, Axes, Story data according your project
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١٣٣
133
5- Etabs Commands & Icons
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5- Options-Window-Change the windows number if
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you want
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One story
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Similar stories
All
١٣٤
134
5- Etabs Commands & Icons
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١٣٥
135
7- Define Design Data and Material (Slab,
Columns, Core..)
7- Design data (Options-Preferences-Concrete Frame
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Design)
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8- Material properties (Define-Material Properties-
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Concrete 350) according the considered code
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136
9- Define Wall, Column, Beam, Slab
Sections
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9- beams…. Define-Frame sections (Add
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Rectangular) .. Make C30x100, C40x90, B25x60,
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B12x60
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9- slabs…. Define-Wall/Slab/..sections (Add slab, add
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wall) Make W30, W40, Slb20, Slb22 according the
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considered code
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137
9- Define Wall, Column, Beam, Slab
Sections
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Columns Modifier Ieff=0.7Ig
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Shear Walls Ieff=(0.70) or 0.50Ig (2008) 0.35Ig(2012)
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Beams Ieff=0.5Ig (0.35Ig ACI)
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Slabs Ieff=0.25Ig
Chapter 6 in Egyptian RC Code– Ch 8 Egy Code loads
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These modifier for M1,M2,M12
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10- Import your DXF floors
File-Import-DXF floor plan
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139
ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎت ﻣﺒﺪﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺮهﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﺤﺐ اﻟﻤﻮدل ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ
اﻣﺴﺢ اي ﺷﻰء ﻋﻠﻰ layer 0
ﺣﺪد ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺻﻔﺮ واﺣﺪة ﻓﻲ Cad & Etabs
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اﻟﻤﻮدل ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﺤﺒﻪ و ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﻗﻄﺎع اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻰ
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sections in Etabs
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142
12- Draw Beams, Col, Shear walls
Draw beams, columns, shear walls with exact cross
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sections in Etabs
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12- Draw Beams, Col, Shear walls
Draw beams, columns, shear walls with exact cross
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sections in Etabs
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13- Fix the base points
Select the base points and then, Assign-joints-
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restraints and choose fixed
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14- Define Diaphragms for floors
Menu: Define-diaphragm-D1,D2,D3,D4…..D10
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14- Assign Diaphragms for floors
Menu: Select-by story- strory2
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Assign-Shell-D2
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After assigning all diaphrams
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15- Mesh Shear Wall Areas D, L, Equivalent Static EQ
16- Define Static Load Cases ,…Temp, H, Wind, Snow
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Spectra Method
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18-Define Response Spectrum Cases
K
19-Define Load Combinations ??Spectra or not?
20-Assign Loads …D, L, … Retaining Wall !!..
L-
Scale level
21- P-delta Effect/Dynamic Analysis
.E
22- Define Mass source Scale 26- If Spectra Method is utilized,
23- Assign Piers
M the Base Shear of Spectra Method
to the 0.85 Base Shear of Equivalent Static.
…ECL2012 P141
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24- Check model 27- Re-Run & Check Log File…
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26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26
28- Checks: Mass Ratio, Drift, Overturning & Sliding
29- Read Straining Actions
15-Mesh (Vertically) Shear Wall Areas
..Two Alternatives 1- Bad Alternative
Edit… Mesh Areas ….
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2-Better Alternative
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Assign…Shell/Area…
L-
Area Object Mesh Options
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meshed
Correct
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Not
meshed meshed
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Wrong Correct
A
meshed
Correct
150
16-Static Load Cases
..Define..Static Load Cases
Auto Lateral
Load Type SWM Comment
Loads
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1 OW Dead 1 Own Wight
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2 SID Dead 0 Flooring+Walls+….
L-
3 LN Live 0 ψ=0.25, Table 8-7
.E
4 LG Live 0 ψ=0.5, Table 8-7
5 LGT Live
M
0 ψ=1.0, Table 8-7
ed
6 EXA Quake 0 User Loads +X dir & Ecc=+0.05
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3 SDL OW+SID+LN+LG+LGT Serivce Dead+Live
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4 UD 0.9OW+0.9SID Ultimated Dead
5 UDL 1.4(OW+SID)+1.6(LN+LG+LGT) Ultimated Dead+Live
-K
6 UDLEXA 1.12SD+α SL+EXA Ultimate Dead+Live+EX+ECC
7 UDLEXAN 1.12SD+α SL-EXA Ultimate Dead+Live-EX+ECC
(3-5)
L
8 UDLEXB 1.12SD+α SL+EXB Ultimate Dead+Live+EX-ECC
9 UDLEXBN 1.12SD+α SL-EXB Ultimate Dead+Live-EX-ECC
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10 UDLEYA 1.12SD+α SL+EYA Ultimate Dead+Live+EY+ECC
11 UDLEYAN 1.12SD+α SL-EYA Ultimate Dead+Live-EY+ECC
12 UDLEYB
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1.12SD+α SL+EYB Ultimate Dead+Live+EY-ECC
(3-5)
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Combination Equation Comment Equ
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22 UDLSpecX 1.12SD+α SL+SpecX Ultimate Dead+Live+SpecX+ECC (3-5)
23 UDLSpecY 1.12SD+α SL+SpecY Ultimate Dead+Live+SpecY+ECC (3-5)
L-
24 UDSpecX 0.9SD+SpecY Ultimate Dead+SpecX+ECC (3-9)
25 UDSpecY 0.9SD+SpecY Ultimate Dead+SpecY+ECC (3-9)
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Dynamic Load Combinations
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21- Dynamic & P-Δ Parameters
…Analyze..Set Analysis Options..
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22- Mass Source
…Define..Mass Source..
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24- Check Model
…Analyze..Check Model..
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25- Run …Check log file
…Analyze.. Run..//// …File..Last Analysis log File
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157
26- Scale the Base Shear for Spectra
Method
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Vdynamic
158
26- Scale the Base Shear for Spectra
Method
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Vstatic
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Scale Factor SpecX= Scale Factor SpecX
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M 0.85 Vstatic X
*
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Vdynamic X
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Scale Factor SpecY= Scale Factor SpecY
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0.85 Vstatic Y
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*
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M Vdynamic Y
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Re-Run
!!!
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Item 8-7-3-3-1-5
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ECL 2012
≥ 90%
162
UDLSpecX Item 8-8-3-1-a
28- Check Drifts UDLSpecY ECL 2012
≤ 0.005
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28- Check Sliding, Overturning
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23 & 29- Assign Piers, Read Results
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Select Every Column and Assign…Frame….Pier Label
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Select Every Wall and Assign…Area….Pier Label
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165