‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢  ‫א‬


‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
EF

١٢٣
 ١٧٢  ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 
 
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K
 
? ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ?  ?  J‫א‬  ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
   ‫؛‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬       
 ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢  ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 
 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
E  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
  EF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢  ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬

١
 
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬L
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ -١
 KEF E
 KE‫א‬‫א‬FE
 
 E١ J١FW‫א‬ -٢
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬E
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬E
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬E
 
 E١ J١FW‫א‬ -٣
 KE
 KE
 
 E٢ J١FW‫א‬ -٤
 K‫א‬E
 KEVFE
 K‫א‬E
 K‫א‬E
 
 
 
 
-١-
 
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E٣ J١FW‫א‬EF -٥
 KEI FE
  KEL FE
 K EFFE
 KETFE
 
 E٣ J١FW‫א‬EF -٦
 K‫א‬E
 KE
 
 W‫א‬EF -٧
 K‫א‬E
 KE
 
 W‫א‬ -٨
 K‫א‬١٠٠٠E
 K‫א‬٢٥٠٠ J١٠٠٠‫א‬E
 K‫א‬٦٠٠٠E
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ -٩
 KE
 K‫א‬‫א‬E
 KE
 
 
 
 

-٢-
 
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

 
 EF‫א‬
 
 
 

 
 EF‫א‬
 
 
 

 
 
 ‫א‬
 
 E١ J١F
 
 

-٣-
 
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
 E٢ J١F
 
K‫א‬ -١
KV -٢
K‫א‬ -٣
K‫א‬ -٤
K‫א‬ -٥
 K‫א‬ -٦
 
 
 

-٤-
 
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

 
 
 IL
 
 

 
 
 FT
 
 E٣ J١F

 
 
 
 

-٥-
 
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬ -١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 W‫א‬ -٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 

-٦-
 
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٦
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-٧
 
 
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ -١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
 K‫א‬ -٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٤
 
 
 

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 
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
     ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ٪٧٠  ٪١٠٠  K‫א‬‫ א‬ J١
٣٨٠ J٣٥٠ K٥٥٠ J٤٥٠  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
   K‫א‬  J٣
٥٥  K٢٥ J  K‫א‬  J٤
٢٢W١ J١W١٤  ١W١٢–١W٦  K‫א‬  J٥
     ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٦
 ٩٠٠ J٧٠٠ K٦٠٠ J٤٠٠  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٧
 ٩٠ J٦٥  ٦٠ J٣٠  KPmax‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٨
٢٥٠٠ J٢٠٠٠ K٢٥٠٠ J٢٠٠٠  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٩
٦٠٠ J٥٠٠ K١٠٠٠ J٧٠٠ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٠
     K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١١
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

-٨-
 
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 

 Four-stork Diesel cycle ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ -١
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ -٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬:20١‫א‬E
 K‫א‬‫א‬:18١‫א‬E
 K٥٥ J٣٠‫א‬E
 K٧٥٠ J٥٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ -٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ -٤
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤ J١F

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 
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬١٤{٥W١‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬٩٠٠‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬٪٣٠٪٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٠ -
 
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 KEF‫א‬ K١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
 KE‫א‬ J‫א‬ J‫א‬–‫א‬–‫א‬F
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
- ١١ -
 
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
 ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧٠٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥ J١F
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥ J١F
 
 

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 
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 CYLINDER HEAD E‫א‬F‫א‬K١
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬V    ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 

  
 V  E٦ J١F
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

- ١٤ -
 
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ J٢K‫א‬ J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٤ J٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٦‫א‬ J٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٨‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
 ‫א‬ J١٠‫א‬ J٩
 ‫א‬ J١٢‫א‬ J١١
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J١٤‫א‬ J١٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J١٥
 
 

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 
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 valves ‫א‬K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 


 ‫א‬‫א‬E٧ J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢‫א‬ J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 ‫א‬ J٨‫א‬‫א‬ J٧‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 

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 
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
DIRECT INJECTION CHAMBERS‫א‬‫א‬ J١
TURBULENCE CHAMBERS ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
PRE- COMBUSTION CHAMBERS‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
AIR CELL CHAMBERS‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨ J١F
 

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 
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EAF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EBF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ECF‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤

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 
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

INTAKE MANIFOLD‫א‬K٤
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(L)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(E) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K(V)
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬E٩ J١F

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 
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬E١٠ J١F
 
 

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 
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 PISTON ‫א‬K٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬E١١ J١F

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‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 CONROD ‫א‬K٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٢ J١F
 

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 
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 CRANKSHAFT ‫א‬K٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬E١٣ J١F
 

 

- ٢٣ -
 
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 CAMSHAFTE‫א‬F‫א‬K٨
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
?ALLOY STEEL‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٤ J١F
 
 
 

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 
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
FLYWHEEL‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 E٢F‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬‫א‬E١٥ J١F

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 
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

- ٢٦ -
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 W 
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K J٢
 W
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J١
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬ J٣
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E١ J٢F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬ J٢

  
 K‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٢F

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 KIn-line pump system E٢F‫א‬ J١
 K The distributor pump system E٣F‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
  KThe unit injector fuel systemE٤F‫א‬ J٣
 KCommon rail systemE٥F‫א‬ J٤
 .Electronic Diesel Control E٢F‫א‬ J٥
 

 
 E٢ J٢F


 
 K‫א‬E٣ J٢F


- ٢٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 
 KE٤ J٢F

 
 KE٥ J٢F

 
 KE٦ J٢F

- ٢٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬ J١
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬E
 K‫א‬‫א‬E
 K‫א‬E
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 K‫א‬‫א‬E
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 
 
 WE‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ J٢
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 K‫א‬E
 K‫א‬‫א‬E
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬E
 K‫א‬E
 
 

- ٣٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 

- ٣١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬ J٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧ J٢FK‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 KE٠{٠٠١‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧ J٢F
 
 K‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 
 

- ٣٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 KW J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
: ‫أ( ﻣُﺴﺨﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٥H٥H‫א‬
 KPTC‫א‬E٨
: ‫ب( ﻣُﺒﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻮي اﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﻲ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٩ J٢F

 
 E٨ J٢F
 
 K J٣K‫א‬ J٢K‫א‬‫א‬ J١

- ٣٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 K‫א‬ J٥K‫א‬ J٤

E٩ J٢F
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬ J٢
 K J٣
 K‫א‬ J٤
 K‫א‬ J٥

 W‫א‬ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

- ٣٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬ J١
 KE ‫א‬‫א‬F  J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬E١٠ J٢F

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   
 K  K
 K٣٠٠١٨٠  K١٣٠
 K  K‫א‬
 K ٩  ٣   K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

- ٣٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ E١٠ J٢F

 K J٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
 K‫א‬ J٩
 K‫א‬ J١٠
 K‫א‬ J١١
‫א‬‫א‬ J١٢
K‫א‬
 
- ٣٦ -
K‫א‬‫א‬ -١
‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
K‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
 K‫א‬ -٤
 K‫א‬ -٥
K‫א‬‫א‬ -٦
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 
Glow Plugs :‫א‬ J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 KE١١ J٢F‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬E١١ J٢F
 
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٢٠٤٠‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K -١
 K -٢
KE‫א‬F -٣
- ٣٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 
 

 
 
 

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E١٢ J٢F

 

- ٣٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫ﺷﻤﻌﺔ ﺗﺴﺨﻴﻦ ﻗﻀﻴﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﻌﺎت ﺗﺴﺨﻴﻦ ﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬E١٣ J٢F
  -١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
 K‫א‬ -٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬ -٤

- ٣٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 K -٥
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬ -٦
 


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 

 ‫א‬E١٤ J٢F
 
 

- ٤٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 
 

 ‫א‬E١٥ J٢F
 

- ٤١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E 5 bar J bar )٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 
 KEKE ‫א‬‫א‬ -١
   -٢
  ‫א‬ -٣
 ‫א‬ -٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١٦ J٢F

 K٣‫א‬K٢K١
- ٤٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬ J٣
 
 W‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 EaF‫א‬  J١
EbF‫א‬  J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
K‫א‬EaF‫א‬  J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KEbF‫א‬  J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬W
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٧ J٢FE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
- ٤٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 
 W ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
 
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٧ J٢F
 
 
 

- ٤٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬K٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤

 ‫א‬‫א‬K١
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EAF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EBF‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ECF‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 

- ٤٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٨ J٢F
 
 

- ٤٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٩ J٢F
 

- ٤٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬٪٤٠٪٣٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٠ J٢F
 
K٥K٤K٣K٢‫א‬‫א‬K١
 

- ٤٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢١ J٢F
 

- ٤٩ -
 ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬KKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ V 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٣F
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
- ٥١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬EF K١
K‫א‬‫א‬EF K٢
 K‫א‬EF K٣
‫א‬ K٤
‫א‬ K٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
‫א‬ K٧
‫א‬ K٨
 
 
 
 
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
 .‫א‬‫ א‬K٣

 W‫א‬‫א‬E١
?‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬?‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬??
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬?‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫ א‬.١
 K‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
 K‫א‬ .٣
 K‫א‬ .٤
K‫א‬ .٥

 

 

 

 
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬E٣
?‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
K٢L٤–٢‫א‬‫א‬

 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ K١
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 KE‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ K٥
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ K٧
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ K٨
KEF‫א‬ K٩

 Lubrication Process ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬ J
E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
‫א‬

  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٣F
 

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‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣ J٣F
 

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٤ J٣F

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥،٦ J٣F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥ J٣F
 
 
 
 
 
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦ J٣F
 
 
 
 EOIL FILTERF‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 K‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٧،٨ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 K‫א‬EFE٧ J٣F
 
 
 

 
 K‫א‬EF E٨ J٣F
 

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‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
 KE ٩ J٣F‫א‬– ١
 KE ١٠ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬– ٢
 

 
 ‫א‬E ٩ J٣F
 
 

 
 ‫א‬E ١٠ J٣F

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‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ −
 
 ( Dipstick ) ‫א‬EF
،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١١ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬–
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬–
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬E١١ J٣F

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F
‫א‬? ‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KL٢٠–١٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬E٢F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬،،E F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٢ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 
 ‫א‬E١٢ J٣F
 
 ( Oil Pan ) ‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬–
( Drain Plug ) EF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٣ J٣F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬E١٣ J٣F
 
 
 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١٤ J٣F‫א‬
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬E١٤ J٣F

 
 ( Oil Pressure Regulating Valve ) ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬– ٢K‫א‬‫א‬– ١–W‫א‬
 W‫א‬–
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬–
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 KE١٥ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٥ J٣F
 
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬E١٦ J٣F
 
( Oil Pressure Gauges )‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬EF
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬–
 K‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ –
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٧ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٧ J٣FF
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬KE١٨ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٩ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
 

 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٨ J٣F

 
 

 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E ١٩ J٣F
 
 
 
 
 
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

( Oil Warning Unit )‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬–
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 W‫א‬–
K ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬( 0.2 kg/cm2 = 0.4 psi )‫א‬
 KE٢٠ J٣FE‫א‬F‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢١ J٣FE‫א‬F‫א‬
 

 
 
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬E٢٠ J٣F

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬E٢١ J٣F
 
 W‫א‬ −
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ −
 K‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١
 KW‫א‬‫א‬–٢
 
 
 
 
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬EF −
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٢ J٣FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
 K‫א‬E٢٢ J٣F
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K١
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬٠٠٠٢٠٠٠١‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
- ٧٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K?‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬

 Properties of oil ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K ‫א‬ K٦

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫ א‬-١
E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ -٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
?
 ‫?א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬ -١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 W‫א‬ -٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬ -٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬ -٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬ -٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬ -٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W -١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
- ٧٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W -٢
K‫א‬ 
W -٣

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬??‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Measurement of oil Viscosity‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬“Engler”‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٢٠٠‫א‬
 K٥٥٢‫א‬

 J٩‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٥٥٠‫א‬٨–٤٥‫א‬٥٥٠‫א‬١٢

٥١٠٠‫א‬٢‫א‬ 
‫א‬  “S.A.E.”‫א‬‫א‬
،٢٠،١٠
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEKKFS.A.E.‫א‬‫א‬٧٠،٦٠،٥٠،٤٠،٣٠

 Specifications of Oil ‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 

 

 

- ٧٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

EF‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
S.A.E 10
 ??‫א‬
S.A.E 20
 
S.A.E 30
 ‫א‬ S.A.E 40
S.A.E 50

  S.A.E 60
 EF‫א‬ S.A.E 70
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 “10w – 30”٣٠–١٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬١٠‫א‬ 
 K٣٠‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
 
 

 

 

- ٧٩ -
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

- ١١١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 

KE٢٢٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪٣٥‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 

 
 
 ‫א‬E١ J٤F
 
 
 
- ٧٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬ -٤
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣ J٤FE٢ J٤F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
 K
 
 
 
 
 
- ٨٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬E٢ J٤F
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٣ J٤F

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬ J  K
‫א‬
K‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
   K‫א‬  ‫א‬

 K J
 K‫א‬ J ‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬ J  
 K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬  J
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ƒ
‫ƒ א‬
‫א‬ ƒ
E‫א‬F‫א‬ ƒ
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
‫א‬ ƒ
‫ƒ א‬
‫א‬ ƒ
‫א‬ ƒ
‫א‬ ƒ
‫א‬ ƒ
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

 
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬L 
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ( -20° c )
٪٥٠(Ethylene glycol)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬ •

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  
   ‫א‬
 
 
 
 
- ٨٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 (Radiator)E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬L 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
 

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤ J٤F
 
 
 
 

- ٨٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 WE٥ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ .١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FE‫א‬L‫א‬F ‫ א‬.٢
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ .٣
 KE‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F .٤
 
 
 
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE٦ J٤F،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

- ٨٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٥ J٤F
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  ٦ J٤   
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 (Radiator cap)‫א‬L 

 
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬ -١
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ -٢
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
KE‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ -٤
 
 
 W‫א‬
 
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F   -١
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
 KE‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٧ J٤F
 

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨ J٤F
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٩ J٤F
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠ J٤F

 
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١١٠ J٨٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
KKE ١٢٧ J١٢١F‫א‬‫א‬E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E‫א‬F‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E١١ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١١ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
 ‫א‬E١١ J٤F
 
 
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ( Water Pump )‫א‬L ‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ K١
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ K٢
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ K٣
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬ K٤
 KE‫א‬‫א‬ F‫א‬ K٥
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ K٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E١٢ J٤F
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
W‫א‬ −
 K‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬L( 475 )،‫א‬(5000 – 3500 )
‫א‬‫א‬KEFV‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E VF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬( 20 mm0 mm )١‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٣ J٤F
 E١٤ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 E١٤ J٤FE١٣ J٤F
 
- ٩٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ( Water Hoses )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L 

‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ −
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 E١٥ J٤F

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٥ J٤F
 

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬،
 

- ٩٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬E١٦ J٤F
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ −
E١٧ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K–
 K–
 KEF–
 

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٧ J٤F

- ٩٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 (Thermostat) E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬L 

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 KE١٨ J٤F‫א‬ ‫א‬

 
 
 

 ‫ א‬١٨ J٤   

W‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬KEF‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
E
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
( 95° c - 75° c ) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

- ٩٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ −
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬–٣
 
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ −
KE١٩ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬–١
 K‫א‬‫א‬–٢
 K–٣
 KEF–٤
 

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٩ J٤F
 
 

- ٩٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ −
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٠ J٤F‫א‬
 

 

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٠ J٤F‫א‬
- ٩٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K( 80° cF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ( 80° c )‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ( 90° cF‫א‬‫א‬KEF
 KE٢١ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢١ J٤F
 

- ١٠٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬L 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٢ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢٢ J٤F
 
 
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬ −
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ −
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J١
(V)‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٣ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  
 
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E٢٣ J٤F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،( 100° c ) ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٤ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٢٤ J٤F
 
(Temperature Indicator)‫א‬‫א‬L 
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬E
 FK ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
  W‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K( Sending Unit )E‫א‬‫א‬F–١
 K( Indicator ) ‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F–٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •

KE٢٥ J٤F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٢٥ J٤F
( Hot Warning Unit )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K( Sending Unit )E‫א‬‫א‬F–١
 K( Indicator ) ‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F–٢

‫א‬‫א‬ −
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬ −
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬،( 90° c ) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٦ J٤F‫א‬
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٢٦ J٤F
 
 
 ١

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 ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬

٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٥F‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

º٦٠‫א‬‫א‬V •
Kº٩٠
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ •
‫א‬ •
‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •
 KKKKKKKK‫א‬ •
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 

- ١٠٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٥F‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 

‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

- ١٠٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬
 


 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬  J
‫ א‬ J
‫א‬‫ א‬ J
‫ א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬  J
‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬  J
‫ א‬ J
 ‫א‬  J
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٠٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬L 
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 

 
 
v‫א‬E٣ J٥F‫א‬
 
 
- ١١٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 ‫א‬E٤ J٥F‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬L 
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬ K٢
 K٣
‫א‬ K٤

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ K٥
 K٦
‫א‬ K٧
 K٨
 
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫ א‬K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ K٣
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬L 
 W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫• א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬ •
 •
‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 •
‫א‬ •
  •
 
K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KK
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬KE ‫א‬F

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٥–٥F
 
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦ J٥F‫א‬
 
 
 
 E‫א‬FL ‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬١٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬

  
EF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
EF

- ١١٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧ J٥F‫א‬
 
 

 
‫א‬‫א‬E٨ J٥F‫א‬
 
 

- ١١٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬
  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
 K١
 K٢
‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬ K٤
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬E٩ J٥F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
- ١١٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬L 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫• א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ •
‫א‬ •
‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬ •
 
 W‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

- ١١٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠ J٥F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١١–٥F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

- ١٢٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬L 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬E١٢ J٥F‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K……‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 

- ١٢١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 •
‫א‬ •
‫א‬ •

 ‫א‬ •
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬E١٣–٥F
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٤–٥F
 
- ١٢٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٥–٥F
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٥K ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬١٠٠ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
º١٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

 ‫א‬

- ١٢٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K  ‫א‬K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
E
 F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬E١٦–٥F
 
 

- ١٢٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫ﻋﻤﻮد اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺬاﻓﺔ‬
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٧–٥F
 
 
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٢٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 

،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬  J‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
- ١٢٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬       ‫א‬    K ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 ‫א‬E١٨–٥F
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

- ١٢٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
‫א‬  ، ‫א‬    K‫א‬   ‫א‬  
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬   K ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
   K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬E١٩–٥F
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٣٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬    K ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢٠–٥F
 
 

- ١٣١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
٦٠ ‫א‬  E ٥٠W ٣٠F   ‫א‬ 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬E٢١–٥F
 
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬    K ‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 

 ‫א‬E٢٢–٥F
- ١٣٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬ K ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢٣–٥F
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬  K   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬EFK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

- ١٣٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٤–٥F
 
 W‫א‬
   ‫א‬   K ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ?     E ‫א‬ F ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢٥–٥F
 
 
 

- ١٣٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢٦–٥F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٧–٥F
 

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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

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 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

٦
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬W‫א‬
 KEF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 ‫א‬١W٨‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

 K١W١٦
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
- ١٤٠ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬L 
 
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬K
 
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬C‫א‬C‫א‬Z‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٦F‫א‬
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 

- ١٤١ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

  ‫א‬L 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫اﻟﺤﺠﻢ ﻓﻮق اﻟﻤﻜﺒﺲ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺘﺔ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻰ‬
= ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻻﻧﻀﻐﺎط‬  
‫اﻟﺤﺠﻢ ﻓﻮق اﻟﻤﻜﺒﺲ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺘﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬
 
‫اﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﻸﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ‬  
=  
‫اﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ اﻻﺣﺘﺮاق‬  


 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬،E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬١W١٦١W٨‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬E٢ J٦F

- ١٤٢ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

  ‫א‬L 
 
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﺮك‬  
% ١٠٠ × = ‫آﻔﺎءة اﻟﻤﺤﺮك‬
 
‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﺔ إﻟﻰ‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K٪٩٥٪٧٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬٠{٦‫א‬‫א‬٠{٩‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬١{٢‫א‬١{٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬٢٥W٣٥٢٥W١٢‫א‬
 ‫א‬L‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬،(kg-m)‫א‬(N-m)‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬(ft-lb)
K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬W‫א‬
 K(HP)(kW)‫א‬‫א‬
 
 xz‫א‬Cxz‫א‬Zx Jz‫א‬
 
 x\١z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Cx Jz‫א‬Zx‫א‬z‫א‬

(‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬ ١ ) × [‫ ﻣﺘﺮ[ × ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺪوران ]ﻟﻔﻪ\دﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬-‫= ﻋﺰم اﻟﺪوران ]ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬  

٩٥٥٠  
‫א‬ ‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫( اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺮك وﻋﺰم وﻗﺪرة اﻟﻤﺤﺮك‬٣-٦)‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
- ١٤٤ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬ K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

 K ‫א‬
 L٣٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
- ١٤٥ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 ‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫ א‬ J

 ‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 ‫א‬  J
 
 
 
- ١٤٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬L 
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(PCV)‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E ٤ J٦F 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٤٧ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

‫ ﻓﺤﺺ اﻟﺘﺴﺮﻳﺐ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺰﻳﺖ‬/‫ﺛﺄﻧﻴ ًﺎ‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 .E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
:‫ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﺘﺴﺮﻳﺐ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺰﻳﺖ‬
 ‫א‬ J
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 

‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥ J٦F
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

- ١٤٨ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

  ‫ ﻓﺤﺺ ﻋﺎدم اﻟﻤﻌﺪة‬/‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜ ًﺎ‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٦ J٦F 
 

W‫א‬
E‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 

- ١٤٩ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬
  K

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫( ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺤﺭﻙ‬٧-٦)‫ﺸﻜل‬  
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
.‫( ﻳﺒﻴﻦ ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎء ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺤﺮك‬٨-٦) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  
- ١٥٠ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬ J ‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫( ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺧﺒﻂ اﻟﻤﻜﺒﺲ‬٩-٦)‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 
 W‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬ 
KL٣٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

 K‫א‬KW‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 J J‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬ J‫א‬
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

‫ ( ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎء‬١٠-٦)‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  
‫ﺑﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺼﻤﺎﻣﺎت‬
 
 
- ١٥٢ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

 :‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

  ‫א‬‫א‬L 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬ J
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،F‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KL٢٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫( ﺘﻭﺼﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻀﻐﻁ‬١١-٦)‫ﺸﻜل‬
‫ﺯﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺭﻙ‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

 ‫א‬L 
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

‫( ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺘﺴﺭﻴﺏ ﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬١٢-٦)‫ﺸﻜل‬  

 

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J 
 ‫א‬ J 
 ‫א‬ J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

 

  ‫א‬‫א‬L
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ K
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫(ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺘﻭﺼﻴل ﻤﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻁ‬١٣-٦)‫ﺸﻜل‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

 

 

.‫( ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ إﺟﺮاء اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺠﺎف واﻟﻤﺒﻠﻞ‬١٤-٦) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E
  F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬   J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

 

‫א‬‫א‬L 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫( ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺘﺴﺭﻴﺏ ﺍﻷﺴﻁﻭﺍﻨﺔ‬١٥-٦)‫ﺸﻜل‬  
 
‫א‬٪١٠٠٪‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬٪٢٠K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ •
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ •
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ •

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ •
  ‫א‬‫א‬L
،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 •
 •
 •
‫א‬ •
‫א‬ •
‫א‬ •
‫א‬ •
‫א‬ •
L‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 

 

 

 

- ١٥٨ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

 

 

 

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫( اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ‬١٦-٦)‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 
 
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F ٢٠ J١٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬KEF‫א‬
‫א‬E
 ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٥‫א‬
 

 

 

- ١٥٩ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

‫( اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﺗﺰان ﻗﺪرة‬١٧-٦)‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  

 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

- ١٦٠ -
 ‫א‪‬א‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ١٧٢‬ﺛﻘﻞ‬ ‫א‪‬‬
‫‪‬א‪‬‬
‫‪‬א‪‬‬ ‫א‪‬א‪‬א‪‬‬
‫א‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﺿﻌﻒ ﻳﺎي ﺻﻤﺎم‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺮﻳﺐ أو ﺣﺮق ﺻﻤﺎم‪:‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮاءة ﻟﻤﺤﺮك ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﻲ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻘﺮاءة ﺗﻜﻮن ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺨﻔﺾ اﻟﻘﺮاءة آﻞ ﻣﺮة ﻳﻔﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﺮاءة اﻟﻤﺒﻴﻦ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﻠﺔ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﺒﺪأ اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﺼﻤﺎم‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ‪ ١٨‬إﻟﻰ ‪ ٢٢‬ﺑﻮﺻﺔ‪ -‬زﺋﺒﻖ‬
‫اﻻهﺘﺰاز ﻋﻨﺪ زﻳﺎدة اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬

‫ﺗﺴﺮﻳﺐ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﺴﺤﺐ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻧﺴﺪاد ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺎر اﻟﻌﺎدم‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﺂآﻞ دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺼﻤﺎم‪:‬‬

‫ﻗﺮاءة ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺪود ﻣﻦ ‪٩-٣‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ زﻳﺎدة اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻓﺠﺄة ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ ﻳﻬﺘﺰ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺻﺔ‪ -‬زﺋﺒﻖ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﻠﺔ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻟﻮﺿﻌﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺮﻳﺐ ﺣﺸﻮة ﻣﺠﻤﻊ ﺳﺤﺐ أو‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ زﻳﺎدة اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻮد اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ ﻟﻠﺼﻔﺮ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺮﻳﺐ ﺻﻤﺎم اﻟﺨﺎﻧﻖ‬

‫اﻧﺴﺪاد ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻬﻮاء‪:‬‬ ‫ﺻﻤﺎم ﻣﻌﻠﻖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎآﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻮﻗﻮد‪:‬‬

‫ﻗﺮاءة ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ وﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ‪ ،‬اﻧﺴﺪاد ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ ﻳﺘﺄرﺟﺢ ﺑﺘﺮدد ﻏﻴﺮ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ ﻳﺘﺄرﺟﺢ ﺑﺒﻂء ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺧﻠﻴﻂ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻘﻲ اﻟﻬﻮاء أو ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺻﻤﺎم ﺑﺪء‬ ‫)أﺣﻴﺎﻧًﺎ(‬ ‫وﻗﻮد ﻓﻘﻴﺮ )ﻣﺸﺎآﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻐﺬى أو‬
‫اﻹدارة )اﻟﺸﻔﺎط(‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﻮد(‬

‫‪- ١٦١ -‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول ﻳﻮﺿﺢ اﻷﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﻨﻤﻄﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺒﻴﻦ اﻟﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

- ١٦٢ -
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٧
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬ K٣

K
 ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 

 

 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٧F

 

  ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ٥٥٠٠‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 

 

 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٧F

 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

‫א‬  ٪٩٣‫א‬  
‫א‬‫ א‬ ٪٧‫א‬‫א‬ 
F‫א‬  ‫א‬
 
‫א‬  ECOF
EPPM٣٠ J٤٠‫א‬‫א‬
KE١GF
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ٪٥٧‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬  EHCF
 ‫א‬  ٪٤٣
‫ א‬، ‫א‬،‫א‬  ٪٣٩‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ، ‫א‬  
 ،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٪٦١‫ א‬
‫ א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ENO2)
 ENOXF
 K-5PPM٣
0-١ ‫א‬‫א‬
30PPM
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 0-50PPM٣
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬WPPM١G
 
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 

 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬W 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣ J٧F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 K‫א‬ K٥
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 
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 EGR‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤ J٧F
 
 WPCV ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ PCV‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
  E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
  E٥ J٧F
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬K٢‫א‬K١
 K٤ K٣
 K٦K٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬K٨‫א‬K٧
 ‫א‬K١٠‫א‬K٩
 ‫א‬K١٢‫א‬K١١
 ‫א‬K١٤‫א‬K١٣
 K١٦‫א‬‫א‬K١٥
 ‫א‬K١٨K١٧

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦ J٧F
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬E٧ J٧F
 
 
V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
T ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬C ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨ J٧F
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
T‫א‬‫א‬C‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬FLAPS‫א‬
٪٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪٢٥‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٪٧٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬٢‫א‬٤V‫א‬‫א‬E٩ J٧F
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FLAP‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KV‫א‬
 
 

- ١٧٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬E١٠ J٧F

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

- ١٧٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٪٤٦{٥‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 

 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١١ J٧F
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٨٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 
‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E١٢ J٧F
 

- ١٨١ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E-

 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

- ١٨٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٣ J٧F
 
 

 
 ‫א‬E١٤ J٧F

- ١٨٣ -
 ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬

٨
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬−
 WETop Dead Center = T . D . C=KKF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١ J٨F‫א‬
   

   
 
 K‫א‬E١ J٨F
 
 W ( Bottom Dead Center = T . D . C=KKF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٢
 K‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W( Piston Strokr ) E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬–٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬
 
 ( Compression – space Volume ) E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬–٤
EKKF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
- ١٨٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W( Piston Displacement ) E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬–٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١
 K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٢
 K‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٤
 
 ( Four – stroke )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K ‫א‬
 
 WESuction StrokeF
ٍ ‫א‬–١

،EKKF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EKKF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬( 100 m/sec )‫א‬
0.8 )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٢ J٨F‫א‬
 ( 0.2 bar 0.1 bar )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ( 0.9 bar bar
 K( 180° )‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 K‫א‬E٢ J٨F
 
 ( Volumetric Efficiency ) E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ −
 WE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
 W •
 KK‫א‬
 WE‫א‬‫א‬F •
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF •
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 WECompression StrokeF‫א‬–٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EKKF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EKKF
،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  .( 14 bar١٢bar ) 
،( 180° )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣ J٨F(0° + 180° = 360°١٨)‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 W‫א‬

   
 
 ‫א‬E٣ J٨F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٣

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬–٤
 
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬÷ E‫א‬H‫א‬‫א‬F=ε‫א‬ −
 
⎡ Vcy + Vc ⎤
⎢ε = ⎥
 ⎣ Vc ⎦
 
 
 W ( Power Stroke )‫א‬–٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(Expansion Stroke )‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EKKF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EKKF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KE‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬.( 0° + 180° = 540°٣٦)( 180° )
 .E٤ J٨F( 2 cm ) ‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬E٤ J٨ )

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W( Exhaust Stroke )‫א‬–٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EKKF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬EKKF
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ( 180° )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٥ J٨F ( 40° + 180° = 720 °٥ )
 
 
 W‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬E٥ J٨F
 
 
 
 
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 .( In line Engine)–٣

 

   
 V 
 
 ‫א‬E٦ J٨F
 
 
 ( Engine Power ) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EF‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬K…‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬–١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
⎡ Vs . pi . n ⎤
⎢Pi = 1200 ⎥ (kw ) ‫א‬‫א‬–١
⎣ ⎦

⎡ Vs . pi . n ⎤
⎢Pi = 600 ⎥ (kw ) ‫א‬‫א‬–٢
⎣ ⎦

- ١٨٩ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ( kw )‫א‬‫ = א‬Pi
 ( L )‫א‬‫א‬‫= א‬Vs
 ( r.p.m.)‫א‬= n
 ( bar )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ = pi
 
 WBreaking (effective ) PowerE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬–٢
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ( Peff ) K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
M.n  
Peff = ( kw )
9550  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ( kw )‫א‬‫ = א‬Peff
 ( N.m.)‫א‬= M
 ( r.p.m.)‫א‬= n
 
 ‫א‬
 W١
pi = 8.5 bar‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬n =50 r.p.m ٢٧‫א‬‫א‬
 KPi‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Vs = 2.21 L‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

n = 2750 r.p.m , Vs = 2.21 L , pi = 8.5 bar, ‫א‬‫א‬–W( Data )‫א‬–

 
 ( Pi = ? )‫א‬‫א‬–W ( Request )‫א‬–

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

p . Vs . n 8.5 × 2.21× 2750

‫– اﻟﺤـﻞ‬Solution –W( Pi = i = = 43.05 kw )
1200 1200

 W٢
 KPeff‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬n =10 r.p.m ٣٣M = 200 N.m

 n =10 r.p.m , M = 200 N.m ٣٣–W( Data )‫א‬–

 ( Peff = ? )‫א‬‫א‬–W( Request )‫א‬–

‫– اﻟﺤـﻞ‬Solution –W( Peff = M . n = 200 × 3310 = 69.3193 kw )

9550 1200
 
 
 W٣
S =0 mm١١ d =0 mm٨Z = 4‫א‬
F = 177 N ‫א‬‫א‬ pi = 8.5 bar ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬n = 2750 r.p.m
 W‫א‬L =0.6 m‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KN.mM‫א‬E١
 Kkw Peff‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
 KkwPi‫א‬‫א‬E٣
 Kηm‫א‬‫א‬E٤
 
 n = 2750 r.p.m ،S =0 mm١١،d = 0 mm٨،Z = 4–W( Data )‫א‬–
 L =0.6 m،F = 177 N ، pi = 8.5 bar
 
 W( Request )‫א‬–
 KN.m( M = ? )‫א‬E١
 Kkw ( Peff = ? )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
 Kkw( Pi = ? )‫א‬‫א‬E٣

- ١٩١ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 .( ηm = ? )‫א‬‫א‬E ٤

 

 
Vs = A . S . Z = 0.785 (8) × 11× 4 = 2210.56 cm 3
2

  ‫ א‬– ) 2210.56 Solution :(

Vs = = 2.21 L
1000
 
 
) ١

60
M = F . L = 177 × = 106.2 N.m
 100

2)

Μ. n 106.2 × 2750
Ρeff = = = 30.58 kw
9550 9550

3)

peff . Vs . n 8.5 × 2.21 × 2750

Pi = = = 43.05 kw
1200 1200

  4)

Peff 30.58
ηm = = = 0.71
Pi 43.05
 
 W( Engine Torque ) ‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE‫א‬F
 K( n )( Peff )E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬–١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٢
- ١٩٢ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
Peff . 9550
- ١{ M = ( N.m ) }
n

( N.m )} 2 - {M = F . L
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ( kw )‫א‬‫ = א‬Peff
 ( N.m )‫א‬ = M
( r.p.m.)‫א‬= n

 ( N )‫א‬‫א‬= F
 ( m )‫א‬‫א‬= L
 
 
 W١
 KPeff = 75 kw‫א‬n = 3750 r.p.m. M‫א‬‫א‬
 n =50 r.p.m , Peff = 75 kw ٣٧–W( Data )‫א‬–
 ( M = ? )–W( Request )‫א‬–

Peff . 9550 75 × 9550

‫– اﻟﺤـﻞ‬Solution W ( M= = = 191 N.m )
n 3750

 W٢ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F = 130 N‫א‬‫א‬ M‫א‬
 KL = 0.955 m
 L = 0.955 m , F = 130 N W( Data )‫א‬–
( M = ? )W( Request )‫א‬–

  ‫– اﻟﺤـﻞ‬Solution W( M = F . L = 130 × 0.955 = 124.15 N.m )

 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ( Engine Efficiency )ηm‫א‬EF −

‫א‬‫א‬K،‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KEηmFK
 
  ⎡⎢ηm = Peff ⎤⎥
⎣ Pi ⎦

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ = ηm
 ( kw )‫א‬‫א‬= Pi 
 ( kw )‫א‬‫ = א‬Peff
 
 
 W١
 KPeff = 75 kw‫א‬Pi = 95 kw‫א‬ηm ‫א‬‫א‬
  Pi = 95 kw , Peff = 75 kw –W( Data )‫א‬–
 ( ηm = ? )‫א‬–W( Request )‫א‬–
Peff 75
‫– اﻟﺤـﻞ‬Solution W( ηm = = = 0.7894 )
Pi 95
 
 W٢
 Kηm = 0.75 Pi = 85 kw‫א‬Peff ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  Pi = 85 kw , ηm = 0.75 –W( Data )‫א‬–
 ( ηm = ? )‫א‬–W( Request )‫א‬–
‫– اﻟﺤـﻞ‬Solution W( Peff = Pi ×ηm = 85 × 0.75 = 63.75 (kw ) )

 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W٣
 Peff = 80 kw‫א‬ηm = 0.8 ‫א‬Pi‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  Peff = 80 kw، , ηm = 0.8 –W( Data )‫א‬–
 ( Pi = ? )‫א‬‫א‬–W ( Request )‫א‬–
Peff 80
‫– اﻟﺤـﻞ‬Solution W ( Pi = = = 100 (kw ) )
ηm 0.8

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W( Vcy ) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KE٧ J٨FF ( Vcy )E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
⎡
⎢Vcy = A . S =
d2 . Π
4
⎤
. S⎥ ( cm3 )
⎣ ⎦
 
⎡ Vs ⎤
⎢Vcy = Z ⎥ ( cm3 )
⎣ ⎦

 ( Vcy )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧ J٨F

- ١٩٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ( cm3 )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ = א‬Vcy
 ( cm F‫א‬ = d
 ( cm2 )‫א‬= A
 ( cm )‫א‬ = S
 ( cm3 )‫א‬‫א‬‫ = א‬Vs
 K‫א‬ = Z
 
 W١
A = 50 cm2 ‫א‬Vcy‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KS = 8 cm‫א‬
 
  A = 50 cm2 , S = 8 cm –W( Data )‫א‬–
 E Vcy =? F‫א‬‫א‬–W( Request )‫א‬–

‫– اﻟﺤـﻞ‬Solution W ( Vcy = A . S = 50 × 8 = 400 ⎛ cm 3 ⎞ )

⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎠
 
 WVs‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٢
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K( Z )‫א‬ ( Vcy )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  ⎡⎢Vs = Vcy.Z = A . S . Z = d ⎤
( cm3 )
2
.Π
. S . Z⎥
⎣ 4 ⎦
 
 
 
- ١٩٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ( cm3 )‫א‬‫א‬‫ = א‬Vs
 ( cm )‫א‬ = d
 ( cm2 )‫א‬ = A
 ( cm )‫א‬ = S
 ‫א‬ = Z
 
 
 

 W٢
S = 9 cm‫א‬d = 6 cm Z = 4
 KVs‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
   S = 9 cm , Z=4 , d = 6 cm W( Data )‫א‬–
 ( Vs = ? )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W( Request )‫א‬–

d2. Π
Vs = A . S . Z = .S. Z
‫– اﻟﺤـﻞ‬Solution W ( 4 )
Vs =
(6 ) 2
.Π
× 9 × 4 = 1017.36 ⎛ cm 3 ⎞
⎜ ⎟
4 ⎝ ⎠
 
 WVc‫א‬–٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ( Vc )

⎡ Vcy ⎤
⎢Vc = ε − 1⎥ ( cm3 )
⎣ ⎦

- ١٩٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ( cm3 )‫א‬ = Vc
 ( cm3 )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ = א‬Vcy
‫א‬ = ε

 W٣
ε = 21 : 1 ‫א‬Vcy = 600 cm3 ‫א‬‫א‬
 KVc‫א‬‫א‬
 
 Vcy = 600 cm3  , ε = 21 : 1 WEDataF‫א‬–
 E Vc =? F‫א‬WERequestF‫א‬–

Vcy 600 ⎛ cm 3 ⎞
‫– اﻟﺤـﻞ‬Solution W( Vc = = = 30 ⎜ ⎟ )
ε − 1 21 − 1 ⎝ ⎠

 EεF‫א‬–٤
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬EEpsilonFε‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
⎡ Vcy + Vc ⎤
⎢ε = Vc ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ))

⎡ Vcy ⎤
⎢ε = Vc + 1⎥
⎣ ⎦

⎡ Vcn , max ⎤
⎢ε = Vc , min ⎥
⎣ ⎦

- ١٩٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 EεF‫א‬E٨ J٨F
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ = ε
 ( cm3 )‫א‬ = Vc
 ( cm3 )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ = א‬Vcy
 
 W٤ 
 ‫א‬Vcy = 650 cm3 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K ε ‫א‬‫ א‬Vc = 50  cm3
 Vcy = 650 cm3  , Vc = 50 cm3 WEDataF‫א‬–
 E ε =? F‫א‬WERequestF‫א‬–
 
‫– اﻟﺤـﻞ‬Solution –W( ε = Vcy + Vc = 650 + 50 = 14 : 1 )
Vc 50

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬( 10 % )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Kρ = 0.71 kg/L ‫א‬( 10 % , 5 % ) 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٩٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ( m3/kg )( kg/kg ) ( kg/L )
.5١١ .8١٤ 0.75  ‫א‬
.0١١ .2١٤ 0.78  ‫א‬‫א‬
     
.2١١  .5١٤ 0.84  ‫א‬
   
 0.8١  .0١٤  0.80  

 W١ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 100 km ‫א‬‫א‬ m3 ‫א‬
  ρ = 0.71 kg/L ‫א‬V = 8.5 L/100 km
 K0 % =١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ρ = 0.71 kg/L  , V = 8.5 L/100 km WEDataF‫א‬–
 
 E m3 =? F‫א‬‫א‬ m3 WERequestF‫א‬–
 
‫– اﻟﺤـﻞ‬Solution – W ( )
 
M = v . ρ = 8.5 × 0.71 = 6.035 kg ‫א‬–١

.6 + 10 % = 11.6 + 1.16 = 12.76 m3 ١١ W‫א‬‫א‬ kg١ –٢

.035 × 12.76 = 76.996 m3 ٦W‫א‬‫א‬.035 kg٦  –٣

- ٢٠٠ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 ( Vmax )‫א‬( Vm )‫א‬‫ א‬−
‫א‬ ( S )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K( n )
K‫א‬ ( 14 m/s )( Vm )‫א‬
( Vmax )‫א‬( Vm )‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬KE٩ J٨F

⎡ 2 .S. n ⎤
⎢Vm = 60 ⎥ ( m/sec )
⎣ ⎦

[ Vmax ≈ 1.6 × Vm ] ( m/sec )

 
 ( Vmax )‫א‬( Vm )‫א‬‫א‬E٩ J٨F
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ( m/s )‫א‬‫ = א‬Vm
 ( m/s )‫א‬‫ = א‬Vmax
 ( r.p.m.)‫א‬= n
 ( m )‫א‬ = S
- ٢٠١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W١
 W‫א‬ S = 76 mmn = 4000 r.p.m.
 ‫؟‬Vm ‫א‬‫א‬–١
 ‫؟‬Vmax ‫א‬‫א‬–٢
 
  n = 4000 r.p.m , S = 76 mm–W( Data )‫א‬–
 ( Vm = ? )‫א‬‫א‬–١–W( Request )‫א‬–
  ( Vmax = ? )‫א‬‫א‬–٢
‫ – اﻟﺤـﻞ‬Solution W ( )

)١
2 . S . n 2 × 0.076 × 4000
 Vm = = = 10.13 (m/sec )
60 60

2)
Vmax ≈ 1 . 6 × Vm = 1.6 × 10.13 = 16.2 (m/sec )

 W٢
n = 3000 r.p.m.‫א‬‫א‬Vm = 15 m/s ‫א‬‫א‬
 K ( S ) ‫א‬
 n = 3000 r.p.m , Vm = 15 m/sW( Data )‫א‬–
 ( S = ? ) ‫א‬W ( Request )‫א‬–
 
2 .S. n Vm . 60
Vm = ⇒ S=
60 2.n

‫– اﻟﺤـﻞ‬Solution W( S = 15 × 60 = 0.15 m )

2 × 3000

= 0.15 × 1000 = 150 mm

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W٣
 KVmax = 20 m/s ‫א‬‫א‬ ( Vm ) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  Vmax = 20 m/s W( Data )‫א‬–
 ( Vmax = ? )‫א‬‫א‬W( Request )‫א‬–

Vmax 20
‫– اﻟﺤـﻞ‬Solution W( Vm = = = 12.5 ( m/s ) )
1.6 1 .6
 
 
 (Mean Effective Pressure = MEP )‫א‬‫א‬ −
( pmax , po )‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
( n )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K( pi )‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬( n )
⎡ p1 + p 2 + p3 + ..... + p h ⎤
  ⎢pi = ⎥ ( bar )
⎣ n ⎦

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ( bar )‫א‬‫א‬ = pi
 ( bar )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ = pmax
 ‫א‬= n
 
 ‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E١٠ J٨F

- ٢٠٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 [ Fi = A . pi ] (N)


 
 K‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠ J٨F
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ( N )‫ = اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻜﺒﺎس‬Fi 
 ( bar )‫א‬‫א‬ = pi
( Cm2 )‫ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻜﺒﺎس‬= A
 
 [ 1 bar = 10 N/cm2 ] 
 
 W١
pi = 300 N/cm2‫א‬‫א‬ A = 70 cm2
 K( Fi ) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 pi = 300 N/cm2،A = 70 cm2W( Data )‫א‬–
 EFi=? F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WERequestF‫א‬–

‫– اﻟﺤـﻞ‬Solution W( Fi = A . p = 70 × 300 = 21000

i
(N ) )
 

- ٢٠٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 J٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١١
 K( Overlap ) ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 

 
 
‫א‬E١١ J٨F

‫א‬= S.o −
‫א‬= S.c −
‫א‬= E.o −

- ٢٠٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬= E.c −

‫א‬
d‫א‬( L∝)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ( BDC )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬( TDC )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬( L∝)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  ⎡⎢Lα = α . d . Π ⎤
⎥ ( mm) 
⎣ 360 ⎦
 
  ⎡⎢t = α . 60 ⎤⎥ ( S ) 
⎣ n.360 ⎦
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ( mm ) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ = L∝
 ( mm )‫א‬‫א‬ = d
 ( ° )‫א‬‫א‬ = ∝
 ( Sec )‫ = א‬t
 ( r.p.m )‫א‬ = n
 ( ° )‫א‬‫א‬ = σ
 
( Inlet Opens )‫א‬= S.o
 ( Inlet Closes )‫א‬= S.c
( Exhaust Opens )‫א‬= E.o
 (Exhaust Closes )‫א‬= E.c
 ( Overlap )‫א‬‫א‬ = σ

 W١
‫א‬n = 5400 r.p.m.d = 300 mm ‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬

- ٢٠٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ( T.D.C. )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬( 9° ٣)(S.o)‫א‬

 ( B.D.C. )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬( 93° )(S.c)‫א‬
 ( B.D.C. )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬( 5° ٦)(E.o)‫א‬
 ( T.D.C. )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬( ° ٤٥)(E.c)‫א‬
 
 n = 5400 r.p.m.  , d = 300 mm WEDataF‫א‬–
 WERequestF‫א‬–
 ( ∝Ev , ∝ Sv ) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 Kσ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 (S.c)(S.o)‫א‬(L∝)‫א‬E

 K ‫א‬‫א‬(t)‫א‬E
 
‫)أ‬
‫– اﻟﺤـﻞ‬Solution W ( ∝ Sv = 39° +180° + 93° = 312° )
∝ Ev = 65° +180° + 45° = 290°

‫)ب‬
σ = 39° + 45° = 84°

‫)ج‬
   ⎡⎢Lα = α . d . Π =
312° × 300 × Π ⎤
= 816.8 ⎥ ( mm) 
⎣ 360° 360° ⎦

 ‫) د‬
  ⎡⎢t = α . 60 ⎤⎥ = 290° × 60
= 0.0089 ( S ) 
⎣ n.360 ⎦ 5400 × 360°
 
 
 
 
 

- ٢٠٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
⎡ Vs . p i . n ⎤
⎢Pi = 1200 ⎥ ( kw ) W‫א‬‫א‬–١
⎣ ⎦
 
⎡ Vs . p i . n ⎤
⎢Pi = 600 ⎥ ( kw ) W‫א‬‫א‬–٢
⎣ ⎦
 
 
M.n
  Peff = ( kw ) W‫א‬‫א‬
9550

W‫א‬
Peff . 9550
M= ( N.m )
n

M=F.L

 
  ⎡⎢ηm = Peff ⎤⎥ W‫א‬‫א‬
⎣ Pi ⎦
 
W‫א‬‫א‬
⎡
⎢ Vcy = A . S =
d2 . Π
4
⎤
. S⎥ ( cm3 )
⎣ ⎦

⎡ Vs ⎤
⎢Vcy = Z ⎥ ( cm3 )
⎣ ⎦
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
⎡
⎢ Vs = Vcy.Z = A . S . Z =
d2 . Π
4
⎤
. S . Z⎥ ( cm3 )
⎣ ⎦

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
⎡ Vcy ⎤
⎢Vc = ε − 1⎥ ( cm3 )
⎣ ⎦

W‫א‬

⎡ Vcn , max ⎤ ⎡ Vcy ⎤ ⎡ Vcy + Vc ⎤

⎢ε = Vc , min ⎥ ⎢ε = Vc + 1⎥ ⎢ε = ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ Vc ⎦

⎡ 2 .S. n ⎤
⎢ Vm = 60 ⎥ ( m/sec ) W‫א‬‫א‬
⎣ ⎦

[Vmax ≈ 1 . 6 × Vm ] ( m/sec ) W‫א‬‫א‬

⎡ p1 + p 2 + p 3 + ..... + p h ⎤
⎢p i = ⎥ ( bar ) W‫א‬‫א‬
⎣ n ⎦
 
[ Fi = A . pi ] (N) W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  ⎡⎢m = Q ⎤
( L/h ) W‫א‬
⎣ ∆t . C ⎥⎦
 
⎡ m ⎤
  ⎢Z = ⎥ ( 1/h ) W‫א‬‫א‬
⎣ mT ⎦

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫ א‬ ‫א‬

( kw ) ‫א‬‫א‬ Pi
bar ) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ pi
(
( kw )‫א‬‫א‬ Peff
( N.m.)‫א‬ M
( r.p.m.)‫א‬ n
( N )‫א‬‫א‬ F
( m )‫א‬‫א‬ L
 ‫א‬ ηm
( 1/h )‫א‬‫א‬Z
( L/h )‫א‬m
( L , kg )E‫א‬F‫א‬mT
( kJ )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Q
( K )‫א‬‫א‬ ∆t
( kJ/kg.k )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬C
( N )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Fi
( bar )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ pmax
( m/s )‫א‬‫א‬ Vm
( m/s )‫א‬‫א‬ Vmax
( cm3 )‫א‬ Vc
( cm3 )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Vcy
 ( cm3 )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Vs
( cm2 )‫א‬ A
( cm )‫א‬ S
( cm )‫א‬ d
- ٢١٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ Z
 ‫א‬ε

 

 

- ٢١١ -
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

٢٣٩
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬ K٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬ K٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
 ‫؟‬‫א‬ K٧
 ‫؟‬‫א‬ K٨
 ‫؟‬‫א‬ K٩
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١٠
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١١
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١٢
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١٣
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١٤
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١٥
‫؟‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١٦
‫؟‬‫א‬ K١٧
‫؟‬‫א‬ K١٨
‫؟‬‫א‬ K١٩
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢٠
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢١
‫؟‬‫א‬ K٢٢

- ٢١٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢٣
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢٤
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢٥
‫؟‬ K٢٦
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢٧
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢٨
‫؟‬‫א‬ K٢٩
‫؟‬‫א‬ K٣٠
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣٥
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣٧
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣٨
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣٩
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤٠
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤١
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤٢
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤٣
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤٤
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤٥
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤٦
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤٧
K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤٨
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤٩
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥٠
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬ K٥٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥٣
‫؟‬‫א‬ K٥٤
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥٥
‫؟‬‫א‬ K٥٦
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥٧
‫؟‬‫א‬ K٥٨
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥٩
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦٠
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦١
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦٢
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦٣
‫؟‬‫א‬ K٦٤
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦٥
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦٦
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦٧
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦٨
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦٩
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧٠
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧١
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧٢
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٧٣
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧٤
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧٥
 K‫א‬‫ א‬K٧٦

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬ –‫א‬ –‫א‬ –‫א‬W‫ א‬K٧٧

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧٨
 K‫א‬ –‫א‬ –‫א‬ W‫ א‬K٧٩
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٨٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٨١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٨٢
 K‫א‬E‫א‬F K٨٣
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ K٨٤
 K‫א‬ –‫א‬ W‫ א‬K٨٥
 K‫א‬ –‫א‬ W‫ א‬K٨٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٨٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٨٨
 K‫א‬‫ א‬K٨٩
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ K٩٠

 W‫א‬‫א‬E×F،‫א‬‫א‬E√F
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١
 EFE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬–٢
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٣
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٤
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬– ٥
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ – ٦
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٧
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٨
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٩
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١٠
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١١

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١٢
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١٣
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١٤
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١٥
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬E×F،‫א‬‫א‬E√F
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٢
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٣
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬–٤
EF‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٥
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬–٦
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٧
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٨
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٩
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١٠
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١١
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬–١٢
 EFEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١٣
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١٤
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١٥
 EF‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١٦
 EF‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١٧
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١٨
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١٩
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٢٠
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬E×F،‫א‬‫א‬E√F
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١

 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٢
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬–٣
4EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٥
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٦
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٧
 EF–٨

 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬–٩
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١٠
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١١
EF‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬–١٢
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١٣
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١٤
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١٥
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١٦
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١٧
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١٨
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١٩
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٢٠
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬E×F،‫א‬‫א‬E√F
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٢

- ٢١٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٣
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٤
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٥
 EFE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬ –٦
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٧
 EF‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬–٨
 EF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٩
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬–١٠
EF‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١١
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١٢
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١٣
 EFE‫א‬F‫א‬–١٤
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١٥
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١٦
 EF‫א‬‫א‬–١٧
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١٨
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١٩
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٢٠
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKKK‫א‬–١
 K‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٢
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬–٣
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬–٥
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٧

- ٢١٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬–٨
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬–١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬–٢
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٣
 K( Ethylene Glycol Base )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬–٤
 KKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٥
 K( 20 mm0 mm )١‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬–٦
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬–١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKK–٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٤
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKK–١
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬–٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬–٤
 
W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١
 K( 1 : 40 )EK( 1 : 30 )EK( 1 : 20 ) E
 KKKKKKKKKK‫א‬–٢
 KEKEKE
- ٢٢٠ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬–٣
 KE950° c– 0° c١٥FEKE95° c– ° c٢٥FEKE95° c– 5° c٧FE
 KKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬–٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E  K‫א‬EKE،F‫א‬E
 KKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٥
 KEKEKE
  KKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٦
 KE،F‫א‬EK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EK‫א‬E
 KKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬EK‫א‬‫א‬EK‫א‬‫א‬E
 KKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٨
 K‫א‬EK‫א‬EK‫א‬E
 
W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١
 KE،F‫א‬EKEKE
 KKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٢
 KEKE،F‫א‬EK‫א‬‫א‬E
 KKKKKKKK‫א‬–٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬EK‫א‬‫א‬EK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 KKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬–٤
 K( 4 : 1 )EK( 2 : 1 )EK( 3 : 1 )E
 KKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬–٥
 K‫א‬EK‫א‬EK‫א‬E
 KKKKKKK‫א‬( SAE 20 W ) ‫א‬‫א‬–٦
 K‫א‬EK‫א‬EK‫א‬‫א‬E
 
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١
 K‫א‬EK‫א‬EK‫א‬‫א‬E
 KKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٢
 E،F‫ א‬E EE
 KKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٣
 K‫א‬EE،F‫א‬EK‫א‬E
 KKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٤
 KEK‫א‬‫א‬EK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 KKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬– ٥ 
 K‫א‬EFE‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬E 
KKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬– ٦
 KE،F‫א‬EK‫א‬‫א‬EK‫א‬E
 KKKKKKKKK‫א‬–٧
K‫א‬‫א‬EK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 
W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KKKKK‫א‬–١
K‫א‬‫א‬EK‫א‬‫א‬EK‫א‬‫א‬E
KKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٢
K‫א‬‫א‬EK‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬E
KKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٣
K‫א‬EK‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬E
 KKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٤
K‫א‬EK‫א‬EK‫א‬‫א‬E
 KKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٥
K‫א‬‫א‬EK‫א‬EK‫א‬‫א‬E

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KKKKKKKKK‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٦
 ‫א‬EK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EK‫א‬E
 KKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٧
 E،F‫א‬EKE‫א‬F‫א‬EKE‫א‬F‫א‬E
 KKKKKKKE‫א‬F‫א‬–٨
 E،F‫א‬EK‫א‬EK‫א‬E
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF  K‫א‬‫א‬–١
 K‫א‬EKKF‫א‬‫א‬EF  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٢
 KEKKFEKKF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬–٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF K‫א‬–٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٥

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF  K‫א‬‫א‬–١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF  K‫א‬–٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬EF  K‫א‬–٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬EF K‫א‬–٤
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF  K‫א‬‫א‬–٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF  K‫א‬–٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF  K‫א‬–٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF  ‫א‬‫א‬–٨
 
 
 
 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF  K‫א‬–١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF  K‫א‬–٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF  K‫א‬–٣
 K‫א‬،‫א‬EF K‫א‬–٤
 K‫א‬EF  K‫א‬–٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF K‫א‬–٦

 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F = 138 N‫א‬‫א‬ n = 3770 r.p.m.‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬ L = 0.955 m‫א‬‫א‬
 K M‫א‬(١
 KPeff‫א‬‫א‬( 2
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬n = 4000r.p.m. Peff = 90 kw‫א‬‫א‬M ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F = 177 N ‫א‬‫א‬Peff = 100 kwE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬L = 0.955m‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KN.m‫א‬EF
 Kn‫א‬EF
 
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٧٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬n = 2550 r.p.mZ = 6‫א‬‫א‬
 d =5 mm٨ F = 170 N ‫א‬‫א‬ pi = 9.5 bar ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬L =0.955 m‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬S =0 mm١٢‫א‬
 KN.mM‫א‬E١
 Kkw Peff‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
 KkwPi‫א‬‫א‬E٣
Kηm‫א‬‫א‬E٤

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬ S = 86 mmn = 4500 r.p.m.
 KVm ‫א‬‫א‬–١
 KVmax ‫א‬‫א‬–٢
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 A = 50 cm2‫א‬Fi = 5000 N ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K pi ‫א‬ ‫א‬

- ٢٢٥ -
 ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

Fuel Supply ‫א‬‫א‬

 Fuel Pump ‫א‬‫א‬
Fuel Filter ‫א‬

Electronic Control Unit (ECU) ‫א‬‫א‬

Battery  ‫א‬

Gasket 

Resistor 

Vanes  ‫א‬

IGNITION SWITCH ‫א‬

NEGATIVE ‫א‬

POSITIVE ‫א‬

TERMINAL ‫א‬‫א‬

RESISTER  

FISES ‫א‬

MAXIMUM ‫א‬‫א‬

MINIMUM ‫א‬‫א‬
Time ‫א‬

Expansion ‫א‬
 ١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
Compression
‫א‬
Engine Cleaning ‫א‬‫א‬

Engine Repair ‫א‬

Piston ‫א‬

Cylinder ‫א‬

Connecting rod ‫א‬‫א‬

Noise 

Exhaust Gas Analyzer ‫א‬‫א‬

Frequency ‫א‬

Air tube ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

tank ‫א‬

feeler ‫א‬
Flywheel ‫א‬‫א‬

Gasket E‫א‬F‫א‬

rank shaft ‫א‬

Cam shaft ‫א‬

Engine block ‫א‬

 ١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

CHARGE 

RELAY 

SHORT CIRCUIT ‫א‬

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM ‫א‬‫א‬

STERTOR ‫א‬

ALTERNATOR 

BATTERY ‫א‬

WIRE 
Gear Box ‫א‬

PUMP
AIR FILTER‫א‬
AIR FUEL RATIO‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
AIR PRESSURE‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
ANTINOCK
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE‫א‬‫א‬
BATTERY
BACKFIRING
BEARING
BEARING CAPS‫א‬
BIG END‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
BLOW-BY‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

CYLINDER BORE‫א‬
BOTTOM DEAD CENTER‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
BRAKE
BRAKE HORSEPOWER‫א‬‫א‬
BRITISH SYSTEM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
CALORIFIC VALUE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
CAM
CAMSHAFT‫א‬
CARBON
CARBON ‫א‬
DIOXIDE
CARBON MONOXIDE‫א‬
CARBURETOR‫א‬‫א‬
CALSIUS SCALE‫א‬‫א‬
CENTRIFUGAL FORCE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
CHOKE
CLEARANCE
CLOSED COOLING SYSTEM‫א‬‫א‬
COMBUSTION‫א‬‫א‬
COMBUSTION CHAMBER‫א‬‫א‬
COMPRESSED AIR‫א‬
COMPRESSION GAUGE ‫א‬
COMPRESSION RATIO‫א‬
COMPRESSION RINGS‫א‬
 ١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

COMPRESSION STROKE‫א‬
CONDENSER
CONROD BEARING‫א‬‫א‬
CONROD CAP‫א‬‫א‬
CONROD‫א‬‫א‬
COOLING FAN‫א‬
COOLING FINS‫א‬
COOLING JACKET‫א‬
COOLING SURFACE‫א‬
COOLING SYSTEM‫א‬
CRANKSHAFT‫א‬
CRANKCASE‫א‬
 STARTER‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
CRANKPIN‫א‬
MISSFIRING 
CUTOUT‫א‬
CYCLE 
 
CYLINDER
CYLINDER BLOCK‫א‬
CYLINDER HEAD‫א‬
CYLINDER ‫א‬
SLEEVES
DETONATION‫א‬
DIESEL CYCLE
 ١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

DIESEL ENGINE
DRY FRICTION‫א‬
DRY LINER
DYNAMOMTER
EFFICIENCY
ENERGY ‫א‬
ENGINE 
EXHAUST TURBINE‫א‬
EXHAUST MANIFOLD ‫א‬
EXHAUST PORTS‫א‬
EXHAUST STROKE‫א‬
EXHAUST VALVE‫א‬
EXPANSION STROKE‫א‬
FUEL CONSUMPTION‫א‬‫א‬
FAN
FIRING ORDER‫א‬
FLOAT CHAMBER‫א‬‫א‬
FLYWHEEL‫א‬‫א‬
FOUR STROKE CYCLE
FRICTION‫א‬
FUEL FILTER‫א‬
FUEL INJECTION PUMP‫א‬
FUEL NOZZLE‫א‬
FUEL PUMP ‫א‬
 ١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

FUEL SYSTEM‫א‬
FUEL TANK ‫א‬
GASKET ‫א‬
GASKET CEMENT‫א‬
GASOLINE ‫א‬
GENERATOR ‫א‬
GREASY FRICTION‫א‬‫א‬
GOVERNOR 
HEAT EXCHANGER ‫א‬
HORSEPOWER ‫א‬‫א‬
HYDROMETER
IDLE CIRCUIT‫א‬
IDLING SPEED ‫א‬
IGNITION COIL ‫א‬
IGNITION DISTRIBUTOR ‫א‬‫א‬
IGNITION SPARK‫א‬‫א‬
IGNITION SYSTEM ‫א‬
IGNITION TIMING ‫א‬
INDICATED HORSEPOWER‫א‬‫א‬
INTAKE MANIFOLD‫א‬
INTAKE STROKE‫א‬
INTAKE VALVE ‫א‬
KNOCK‫א‬
JET 
 ١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

LUBRICATION SYSTEM‫א‬
MAIN BEARING‫א‬‫א‬
MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY‫א‬‫א‬
MECHANICAL GOVERNOR
METRIC SYSTEM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
MUFFLER ‫א‬
OIL CONTROL RINGS‫א‬
OIL FILTER ‫א‬
OIL PAN ‫א‬
OIL PUMP ‫א‬
OIL SEAL ‫א‬
OTTO CYCLE 
OVERHEAD VALVE
PISTON 
PISTON PIN‫א‬
PISTON PIN BEARING ‫א‬
PISTON RINGS‫א‬
PISTON SKIRT ‫א‬
POLLUTION
PORT 
POWER STROKE ‫א‬
GASES PRESSURE ‫א‬‫א‬
PUSH ROD‫א‬
RADIATOR ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

RECIPROCATING MOTION 

RING GROOVE‫א‬
SCAVENGING ‫א‬
SLUDGE‫א‬‫א‬
SPARK PLUG ‫א‬‫א‬
SPECIFIC HEAT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
SUPERCHARGER ‫א‬
STRAINER
STORAGE BATTERY E‫א‬F‫א‬
STROKE 
THERMOSTATE 
THROTTLE VALVE ‫א‬
TIMING 
TOP DEAD CENTER ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

TURBULENCE
TWO STROKE CYCLE 
VACUM 
VALVE 
VALVE CLEARANCE ‫א‬
VALVE GUIDE‫א‬
VALVE HEAD ‫א‬
VALVE LIFTER‫א‬‫א‬
VALVE SEAT ‫א‬
 ١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

VALVE STEM‫א‬
VELOCITY  
VIBRATION ‫א‬‫א‬
VISCOSITY 
VOLATILITY‫א‬
VAPOR LOCK 
V- ENGINE V
VOLT 
VOLTMETER ‫א‬
VISCOUS FRICTION ‫א‬
GASES VOLUME‫א‬‫א‬
VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY ‫א‬‫א‬
WATER JACKET‫א‬
WATER PUMP ‫א‬
WORK‫א‬
Piston Stroke E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
Compression – space VolumeE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
Piston Displacement E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
Four – stroke ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Suction Stroke ‫א‬
Volumetric Efficiency E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
Compression Stroke‫א‬
Power Stroke or Expansion Stroke ‫א‬‫א‬
Exhaust Stroke ‫א‬
 ١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Engine Power ‫א‬

Breaking (effective ) PowerE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
Engine Torque ‫א‬
 
 Engine Efficiency ηm‫א‬EF
PistonE‫א‬F‫א‬
 Solid – Skirt Piston 
Split – Skirt Piston 
Piston with ring holder EF
Piston Rings E‫א‬F‫א‬
Cylinder Hea ‫א‬
 
Combustion Chamber ‫א‬‫א‬
Main Fold ‫א‬
Spark Plugs ‫א‬
Mean Effective Pressure = MEP ‫א‬‫א‬
Valves E‫א‬F‫א‬
Inlet valve E‫א‬F‫א‬
Exhaust valveE‫א‬F‫א‬
 Standard Valve ‫א‬‫א‬
 Tulip Valve ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Flat Top Valve ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Valve Seat ‫א‬
 Valve Guide ‫א‬
 ١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Valve Springs‫א‬‫א‬
Cooling System ‫א‬
Air Cooling System‫א‬‫א‬
 Water Cooling System‫א‬
Radiator E‫א‬F‫א‬
Water Pump ‫א‬
 Thermostat ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Air Fan ‫א‬‫א‬
 Fan belt ‫א‬
 Water Jackets‫ א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
 Radiator Cap ‫א‬
 Expansion Tank ‫א‬
Cooling Fluid ‫א‬
Water Hoses ‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 Temperature Sensor ‫א‬‫א‬
Lubrication System ‫א‬EF
 Oil Pump ‫א‬
 Oil Filter  ‫א‬
 Dipstick ‫א‬EF
 Oil Pan ‫א‬EF
Oil Pipes ‫א‬EF
 Oil Pressure Gauges‫א‬
 Oil Pressure Regulating Valve ‫א‬
Additives ‫א‬
 ١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
  J‫א‬ •
  J‫א‬ •
  J‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 WK‫א‬ •
 ١٩٨٦‫א‬‫א‬––‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 –‫א‬––‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬W‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
• Diesel Engines and Fuel Systems Author : Barry Wellington and Alan Asmus.
• Diesel and Mobile Plant Service Technology Author : Clifford M. Tempest.
• Diesel Engine Repair by : John . F. Dagel Copyright 1982 by John Willey & sons,
Inc . All rights reserved Published simultaneously in Canada .
• Analysis of Pollutant Formation and Control and Fuel economy in
• Diesel Engine .by Naeim A. Henein .Copyright 1973 by In text , Inc .
• Technical Instruction BOSCH :
• Diesel Fuel – Injection Equipment .
• Toyota Motor Corporation : Diesel Injection Pump – Training Manual .
http://auto.howstuffworks.com/diesel2.htm

• Workshop Manual Audi 200 1996 .Service Department .Technical

Information . Edition 07 .

• Tractors and Automobiles . Translated from Russian by S.KITTELL.

third edition 1993 . Mir Publishers Moscow .

• Diesel Fundamentals . Principles and Service by Frank Thiessen and

Davis Dales . 1988 by Reston Publishing Company , Inc . A Prentice-Hall
Company .

 
 ‫ ﺛﻘﻞ‬١٧٢ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬
   
 ١  ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٦  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤٨  ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٧٧  ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٠٤  ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٣٦  ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٥٨  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٧٧  ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٠٦  ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٢١  ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬
 

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