ANALYSIS OF CARBON MONOXIDE DISPERSION

FROM TRANSPORTATION AT SISINGAMANGARAJA

STREET USING GAUSSIAN LINE SOURCE METHOD
SUPPORTED BY GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
SYSTEM (GIS)

A P M Tarigan1, I Suryati2, D Gusrianti3,

1
Civil Engineering , Faculty of Engineering, University of Sumatera Utara
2,3
Environmental Engineering Departmen, Faculty of Engineering, University of
Sumatera Utara
*
Email: a.perwira@usu.ac.id,

Abstract. Purpose of this study is to determine the distribution pattern of carbon monoxide
(CO) from Singamangaraja street by using Gaussian Line Source method and map to the
distribution with GIS aplication. Based on the results of observations of traffic volume on
the Singamangaraja street is 7.591 units/hour (morning) and 7.433 units/hour (noon). The
amount emission rate is 49.171.7 µg/m.s in the morning and 46.943.1 µg /m.s in the noon.
According to calculations Gaussian Line Source the highest CO concentration is at
roadside (20.340 µg/Nm3 in the morning and 18.340 µg/Nm3 in the noon). Based on direct
measurement of the concentration of a maximum of 18.323 µg /Nm3 in the morning and
17.177 µg /Nm3 at noon. Spatial analysis with Geographic Information System generate
distribution impact area of the source was Harjosari 2 district. Comparison between
modeling and field survey using wilmott’s index method had d=0,69-0,84, R=0,93-0,96,
dan NMSE=0,02-0,04. Statistic validation had 16,5%-17% accuracy and still in range of
Gaussian criteria (10%- 20%).

1. Introduction
Line source gaussian model is a development of gaussian plume models by assuming that the line
source is a point source series, interdependent (mutually dependent), each of which produces a
cloud of pollutants. Thus, the concentration of a point on the side of the road is calculated as the
sum of the concentrations of the points [1].

Previous research [2,3,4, and 5] Explains that modeling the spatial distribution of pollutants can
help to estimate the concentration of pollutants in areas with no air pollution monitoring station,
also can determine areas that exceed air pollution standards. Furthermore, spatial modeling of
pollutant distribution can be utilized for exposure assessment and epidemiological studies.

Integrating the model with GIS generates a geographical dimension of air quality information by
linking the actual concentration of pollution to the environment and human life at that location.
GIS numerical analysis tools can demonstrate the relationship between poor air quality with public
health and environmental health [6].
2.1 Data Collection
The data required are the volume of traffic, emission factors, wind direction and speed, intensity of
solar radiation, the map of Medan, as well as the CO concentration in the field of direct
measurements. Traffic volume is obtained from direct observation in the field using manual
counter. Types of vehicles that are counted are motorcycles, passenger cars, buses, and trucks.
Emission factor is derived from national emission factor [7]. Wind direction and speed obtained
from [8], Medan city map obtained from [9]. While CO concentration obtained by doing direct
measurement in field by method of NDIR Analyzer [10]. The calculation of traffic volume and
measurement of CO concentration in the field is done on Saturday, October 15, 2016. Sampling is
conducted for 1 (one) hour for morning observation and 1 (one) hour for afternoon observation.
The location of the CO measurement in the field is on the roadside, at a distance of 300 m, 500 m,
and 600 m to the south.

2.2 Data processing

Traffic volume data multiplied by emission factor to get the emission rate. Then put into Gaussian
Line Source equation as below [1,11]:
K
C= (G2 − G1 ) (1)
√2π
q (z−H)2 (z+H)2
K = uσ {exp [− 2σ2 ] + exp [− 2σ2 ] } (2)
z Z Z
B 1 −B2 2
G2 − G1 = ∫B1 2π exp ( 2 ) dB (3)
√
y y
B2 = σ 2 ; B1 = σ 1 (4)
y y
Where:
C : Concentration (µg/Nm3)
Q : The emission rate of pollutant sources gram.m/second
ū : Wind speed at position x (m/second)
σz: The dispersion parameter of the constant at position z (m)
σy : The dispersion parameter of the constant at the y position (m)
z : Position z direction on Cartesian coordinates (m)
H : Effective altitude of emission sources (m)
B : The ratio of the length of the road segment to the dispersion parameter σy

The validation used in comparing the results with direct measurements in the field refers to
[1,12,13]. Consists of Wilmott’s Index of Agreement (d), Normalized Mean Square Error (NMSE),
Pearson Correlation (R), Friction Bias (FB), and Factor of 2 (Fa2). Research results can be
accepted if:
1. NMSE In range 0,5
2. FB in the range of -2 to 2
3. The values of R and d are close to 1
4. Fa2 is about 50%.
Concentration data obtained from both calculations and from direct measurements in the field
overlap with the Medan City map to obtain spatial conditions of CO spreading.

3. Result and Discussion

3.1 Traffic Volume And Percentage Of Emissions Rate
Sisingamangaraja street is a road that connects Medan City with other cities in North Sumatera
Province and national road status causing traffic in this road is relatively solid. The total number of
vehicles passing during the morning is 7,591 units / hour, and the total number of vehicles passing
during the day is 7,433 units / hour, the amount is not much different from the traffic volume data
of Sisingamangaraja street obtained from [14] 8,208 vehicles / hour. The percentage of emission
rates donated for each measurement time can be seen in Figure 1 and 2.
 80.00 4500

Percentage of emissions (%)

Number of vehicles (units)

70.00 4000
60.00 3500
3000
50.00
2500
40.00
2000 Persentage
30.00
1500
20.00 Volume
1000
10.00 500
0.00 0
Vehicles Cars Bus Truck

Type of Vehicle

Figure 1. Percentage of Emission Rate at Morning

80.00 4000
Percentage of emissions (%)

Number of vehicles (units)

70.00 3500
60.00 3000
50.00 2500
40.00 2000
30.00 1500 Percentage
20.00 1000 Volume
10.00 500
0.00 0
Vehicles Cars Bus Truck
Type of vehicle

Figure 2. Percentage of Emissions Rate at Noon

The large number of private passenger vehicles such as cars, motorcycles, which pass through this
road due to the activity of residents around the District of Medan Amplas to get and return from the
city center. The bus that passes this road is the inter-provincial bus and Kuala Namu Airport bus.
The number of buses that pass through this road is influenced by the activities of the people of
Medan City go home and go out of town. While the goods carriers such as trucks also crossed this
road because of the large number of goods transfer in and out of Medan. The variation in the
amount of emissions donated by each vehicle type is influenced by the variation in the number and
emission factors

3.2 Analysis of Gaussian Line Source Modeling Results

The calculation using the gaussian line source method uses Equation 1 to Equation 4. In this study
calculated the concentration at a distance of ± 7 m from the source up to ± 2,000 m from the
source. The concentration results for a distance of 7 meters to 2,000 m from the emission source
can be seen in Figures 3 and 4 below.
 25000

Concentration (µg/m3)
20000

15000

10000

5000

0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8

1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
1

2
0.007
Distance (km)
Figure 3. CO concentration Result of Gaussian Line Source Morning Modeling
20000
Concentration (µg/m3)

15000

10000

5000

0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8

1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
0.007

2
Distance (km)
Figure 4. Concentration of CO Result of Gaussian Line Source Day Modeling

Based on Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 the further the distance from the source the pollutant concentration
decreases. This proves that distances affect the spread of pollutants. The highest concentration in
the morning is at a distance of 0.007 km or 7 m from the emission source of 20,340 μg/Nm3. While
in day time with the same distance CO concentration is as much as 18,340 μg/Nm3. In the morning
the lowest concentration is at 2 km or 2,000 m from a source with a concentration of 49.497
μg/Nm3 and in the morning and 44.629 μg/Nm3 during the day.

On the morning measurement the weather is bright and wind speed is 2.45 m/sec. While at the time
of measuring the weather is brighter with a higher wind speed of 2.58 m/sec. The weather is
getting brighter indicating the intensity of solar exposure is getting bigger. Based on the Pasquill
table, the atmosphere conditions in the morning in class B, and the atmospheric conditions during
the day in class A-B. This means that the atmosphere in the morning is more stable than during the
day. When the atmosphere is more stable then the air will tend to move downwards and slow down
the dispersion process so that the concentration of pollutants on the surface of the earth is greater.
This results in concentration in the morning greater than the concentration during the day.

3.3 Concentration Comparison of Calculation Result, Field Measurement and Quality Standard
Figures 5 and 6 show comparison of CO concentration of modeled results, CO concentration of
measurement results and quality standards of national ambient air according to[15].
 35000

30000

Concentration µg/Nm3
25000
Cobs
20000
Cpred
15000
Quality
10000 Standart

5000

0
Roadside 300 m 500 m 600 m
Location

Figure 5. Comparison of CO Concentration of Calculation Results, Measurement Results and

Quality Standards of Morning Measurement Results
35000

30000
Concentration µg/Nm3

25000

20000
Cobs
15000

10000 Cpred

5000 Quality
0 Stadart
Roadside 300 m 500 m 600 m
Location

Figure 6. Comparison of CO Concentration of Calculation Result, Measurement Results, and

Quality Standard of Day Measurement Results

The CO concentration of measurement results is still below the ambient air quality standard [15].
The highest CO concentration is on roadside for morning sampling of 18,323 μg/Nm3 and 17,177
μg/Nm3 for day sampling. At the next location the concentration of CO tends to drop in because
the distance from the emission source is further away. But at point 600 m CO concentration tends
to rise due to the influence of other sources of emissions in the form of transportation sources.
Measurement at point 600 m is done adjacent to the road on the residential complex of residents.

Validation of CO modeling results with measurement results in the field can be seen in Table 1 and
Table 2 below.
Table 1 Statistical Validation of Modeling Results of Morning CO
NO Location Cobs Cpred da NMSEb Rc FBd Fa2e (%)
1 Roadside 18323,11 20340,75 0,69 0,04 0,96 -1,02 33
2 300 m 11451,94 1293,501
3 500 m 8016,36 616,1519
4 600 m 9161,554 454,0679
Average 11738,24 5676,118
Standard Deviation 3997,942 8472,483
Source: Survey and Analysis, 2016
Information:
a. Willmot’s index of agreement b. Normalize Mean Square Error
c. Pearson correlation coefficient d. Fraction Bias
e. Percentage in range 0,5≤ Cobs/Cpred ≤ 2

Tabel 2 Validasi Statistik Hasil Pemodelan CO Siang

NO Location Cobs Cpred da NMSEb Rc FBd Fa2e (%)
1 Roadside 17177,91 18340,031
2 300 m 10306,75 1166,272
3 500 m 4580,777 555,547 0,84 0,02 0,93 -1,41 34
4 600 m 6871,166 409,4057
Average 9734,151 5117,814
Standard Deviation 4756,349 7639,127
Source: Survey and Analysis, 2016
Information:
f. Willmot’s index of agreement g. Normalize Mean Square Error
h. Pearson correlation coefficient i. Fraction Bias
j. Percentage in range 0,5≤ Cobs/Cpred ≤ 2

Based on Tables 1 and 2 it can be seen that the d value for the morning measurement is 0.69 and for
the day measurement is 0.84. A value of d close to 1 indicates a high degree of compatibility between
modeling results and field measurements. NMSE values less than 0.5 and Fa2 less than 50% for
morning and day measurements indicate error and bias values in small data of 0.5. The value of R
close to 1 indicates the modeling results have a linear relationship with the measurement results. FB
values of -1.41 and -1.02 are still within the allowed range.

According to [1,16,17] the Gaussian pitch formula for surface emission sources when compared with
observations has a 10% -20% accuracy. Based on 50% of Fa2 the accuracy of this study is 16.5% -17%
and still within the range of these criteria.

The linear relationship between the modeling results and the field size measurements is evidenced by
Figures 7 and 8 showing that the trend of calculated concentration and direct measurement results in
the field is the same for the roadside sampling point, 300 m from the road and 500 m from the road.
The result proves that the match between the calculation result and the direct measurement in the field
is also proved by the value of Pearson (R) correlation coefficient very close to 1.

3.4 Spatial Analysis with Geographic Information System Application

Figure 7 to Figure 10 shows the results of spatial analysis using Geographic Information System. The
area affected by CO distribution is Harjosari 2 to the border area of Deli Serdang Regency. Based on
the calculation, the maximum concentration is in the area close to the road and the distance from the
concentration source will be smaller, whereas based on the measurement the maximum concentration
is also located in the area close to the road, but at a distance of 600 meters the CO concentration is
greater than Distance of 500 meters.

According to data from [18] the population of Medan Amplas Sub-district is 121,362 people with an
area of 11.19 km2 and a density ratio of 10.846 residents per km2. The impact of CO on humans is the
occurrence of the bond between CO and hemoglobin form COHb, symptoms that are directly felt by
the population is a disease of respiratory infection and lung disorders. Number of incidence of disease
Data from [18] mentions mild ISPA in Kecamatan Medan Amplas is as many as 15,209, bronchitis as
much as 276. The relationship between disease incidence and CO distribution needs to be studied
 further. According to [1,19] in Indonesia rarely performed HbCO examinations in patients, resulting in
these symptoms known after the patient is in acute condition when
Gambar 4.12 taken to a health care center. Gambar 4.14
ISOPLETH HASIL ISOPLETH HAS
PENGUKURAN PAGI PERHITUNGAN P
466400 467200 468000 468800 469600 466400 467200 468000 468800
LEGENDA LEGENDA
Kel. Sitirejo 3 Lokasi Sampling
Kel. Sitirejo 3 Lokasi Sampling
392000

392000
1 Roads ide

392000

392000
1 Roadside 2 300 m dari ja lan
2 300 m dari jalan Kel. Amplas
Kel. Amplas 3 500 m dari ja lan
3 500 m dari jalan 4 600 m dari ja lan
4 600 m dari jalan Kel. Harjosari 1 segmen jala n
Kel. Harjosari 1 segm en jalan ya ng diamati

Kec. Medan Amplas yang diamati

Batas kelurahan
jalan lokal primer
Kec. Medan Amplas
Kel. Timbang Deli
batas keluraha n
jalan lokal pri mer
jalan arteri sek under
Kel. Timb ang Deli

Jl. Bajak 2
jalan arteri sekunder jalan arteri primer
Jl. Bajak 2

K onse ntras i ( ug/Nm3)

391200

391200

391200

391200
jalan arteri prim er
# Jl. Sisinga Jl. Sisinga 20000 - 21000
1 man garaja Konsentrasi (ug/Nm3)
#
1 mangaraja 19001 - 20000
18001 - 19000 18001 - 19000
17001 - 18000 16001 - 18000
#
2 # 14001 - 16000
16001 - 17000
15001 - 16000
2 Kel. Harjosari 2 12001 - 14000
14001- 15000 10001 - 12000
# Kel. Harjosari 2 8001 - 10000
#
3 13001 - 14000
#

#
3 6001 - 8000
4 12001 - 13000 4 4001 - 6000
390400

390400

390400

390400
11001 - 12000
2001 - 4000
10001 - 11000
100 - 2000
9001 - 10000
U
8000 - 9000
U Gambar 4.13 Koordinat
referensi:
GambarKa4.12
b . Deli Se rdang Koordinat
Kab. Deli Serdang Sk ala 1 : 150 00 47 N

ISOPLETH HASIL Sk ala 1 : 150 00

ISOPLETH HASIL
referensi:
47 N
DIGAMBAR OLEH:
DENI GUSRIANTI

389600

389600
389600

389600
DENI GUSRIANTI PENGUKURAN SIANG
DIGAMBAR OLEH: TEKNIK LINGKUNGA
PENGUKURAN PAGI FAKULTAS TEKNIK

469600
466400 467200 468000 468800 469600LINGKUNGAN
TEKNIK 466400 467200 468000 468800
USU

LEGENDA
466400 467200 468000 468800 469600
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
USU
LEGENDA SUMBER PETA DAS
BAPPEDA PROVS
SUMBER PETA DASAR:
Lokasi SamplingKel. Sitirejo 3 Lokasi Sampling
392000

BAPPEDA PROVSU

392000
392000

1 Roadside 1 Roadside
2 300 m dari jalan 2 300 m dari jalan
3 500 m dari jalan Kel. Amplas 3 500 m dari jalan
4 600 m dari jalan
segm en jalan 4 600 m dari jalan
. Harjosar
Kelyang diamatii1 segmen jalan
yang diamati
Batas kelurahan
jalan lokal primerKec. Medan Amplas
jalan arteri sekunder
batas kelurahan
jalan lokal primer
Kel. Timb ang Deli
391200

jalan arteri prim er jalan arteri sekunder

Jl. Ba jak 2
391200

391200

Konsentrasi (ug/Nm3) jalan arteri primer

#
18001 - 19000 Jl. S
17001 - 18000 1
isinga man
garaja Konsentrasi (ug/Nm3)
16001 - 17000 15001-18000
15001 - 16000 14001- 15000
#
14001- 15000
13001 - 14000
2 14001- 15000
13001 - 14000
12001 - 13000 12001 - 13000
390400

11001
# Kel. Harjosari 2
- 12000
10001
# - 11000 3 11001 - 12000
9001 - 10000 4 10001 - 11000
390400

390400

8000 - 9000 9001 - 10000

8001 - 9000
U
Koordinat 7001 - 8000
Gambar 4.15
Gambar 4.13 5000 - 7000
referensi: ISOPLETH HASI
ISOPLETH HASIL U
Sk ala 1 : 150 00 Kab47
. DN
eli Se rdang PENGUKURAN SIANG Koordinat PERHITUNGAN SIA
389600

DIGAMBAR 467200
466400 OLEH: 468000 468800 469600
466400 467200 468000 468800
LEGENDA
DENI GUSRIANTI LEGENDA referensi: Lokasi Sampling
Kel. Sitirejo 3
Kel. Sitirejo 3 Lokasi Sampling
47 N 1 Roadside
392000

392000
392000

392000

TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN 1 Roads ide Sk ala 1 : 150 00 2 300 m dari jalan

Kel. Amplas
389600

389600

2 300 m dari ja lan 3 500 m dari jalan

FAKULTAS TEKNIK Kel. Amplas 3 500 m dari ja lan DIGAMBAR OLEH: 4 600 m dari jalan
4 600 m dari ja lan
Kel. Harjosari 1 segmen jalan
469600 USU i 1
Kel. Harjosar segmen jala n DENI GUSRIANTI yang diamati
ya ng diamati
SUMBER Kec. Medan Amplas batas kelurahan
PETA DASAR:
Kel. Timb ang Deli
batas keluraha n
jalan lokal primer
Kec. Medan
TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN Amplas Kel. Timbang Deli
jalan lokal primer
jalan arteri sekunder
BAPPEDA PROVSU
Jl. Bajak 2

jalan arteri sek under

FAKULTAS TEKNIK jalan arteri primer
Jl. Bajak 2
391200

391200

jalan arteri primer

391200

391200

Konsentrasi (ug/N m3)

#
1 Jl. Sisinga Konsentrasi (ug/Nm3) Jl. Sisinga USU
466400 467200 468000 468800 469600
man gara # 18001 - 190 00
ja 15001-18000 1 man garaja 17001 - 180 00
14001- 15000 16001 - 170 00
#
2 14001- 15000
#
SUMBER PETA DASAR: 15001 - 160 00
13001 - 14000 2 Kel. Harjosari 2
14001 - 150 00

#
3 Kel. Harjosari 2
12001 - 13000
11001 - 12000
BAPPEDA PROVSU 12001 - 140 00
10001 - 120 00
# #
4 10001 - 11000 3 8001 - 1000 0
390400

390400

#
9001 - 10000
4 6001 - 8000
390400

390400

8001 - 9000 4001 - 6000

7001 - 8000 2001 - 4000
5000 - 7000 100 - 2000

U U
Kab . Deli Se rdang Koordinat
Koordinat
referensi: referensi:
Sk ala 1 : 150 00 47 N Kab. Deli Serdang Sk ala 1 : 150 00 47 N
DIGAMBAR OLEH:
389600

389600

DIGAMBAR OLEH:
DENI GUSRIANTI
389600

389600

DENI GUSRIANTI
TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN TEKNIK LINGKUNGA
FAKULTAS TEKNIK FAKULTAS TEKNIK
466400 467200 468000 468800 469600 466400 USU 467200 468000 468800
USU
SUMBER PETA DASAR: SUMBER PETA DAS
BAPPEDA PROVSU BAPPEDA PROVS
 Gambar 4.14 Gambar 4.15
ISOPLETH HASIL ISOPLETH HASIL
PERHITUNGAN PAGI PERHITUNGAN SIANG
466400 467200 468000 468800
LEGENDA LEGENDA
KelLokasi
. SitirejoSampling
3 Lokasi Sampling
1 Roads ide 1 Roadside
392000

392000
2 300 m dari ja lan 2 300 m dari jalan
3 500 m dari ja lan Kel. Amplas 3 500 m dari jalan
4 600 m dari ja lan
segmen jala n
4 600 m dari jalan
Kel. Harjosari 1 ya ng diamati segmen jalan
yang diamati
batas keluraha n
batas kelurahan
Kec. Medan Amplas jalan lokal primer
jalan arteri sek under
jalan arteri primer Kel. Timbang Deli
jalan lokal primer
jalan arteri sekunder
Jl. Ba jak 2

K onsentras i ( ug/Nm3) jalan arteri primer

391200

20000 - 21000

391200
Konsentrasi (ug/N m3)
# Jl. Sis19001 - 20000
inga man 18001 - 190 00
1 18001 - 19000
garaja 17001 - 180 00
16001 - 18000 16001 - 170 00
14001 - 16000
15001 - 160 00
# 12001 - 14000
2 10001
Kel - 12000
. Harjosari2
14001 - 150 00
12001 - 140 00
8001 - 10000
6001 - 8000 10001 - 120 00
#
3 4001 - 6000 8001 - 1000 0
390400

#
4 2001 - 4000 6001 - 8000

390400
100 - 2000 4001 - 6000
2001 - 4000
U
Koordinat 100 - 2000
referensi: U
Koordinat
Sk ala 1 : 150 00 47 N
referensi:
DIGAMBAR OLEH:
Kab. Deli SDENI
erdang GUSRIANTI Skala 1 : 150 00 47 N
389600

TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN DIGAMBAR OLEH:

FAKULTAS Figure TEKNIK 7. Isopleth Concentration of Morning GUSRIANTI Results Gambar 4.13
DENIMeasurement
389600

USU TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN ISOPLETH HASIL

SUMBER PETA DASAR: FAKULTAS TEKNIK PENGUKURAN SIANG
466400 467200 468000 468800 USU 469600
BAPPEDA PROVSU
466400 467200 468000 468800 LEGENDA
SUMBER PETA DASAR:
Kel. Sitirejo 3 Lokasi Sampling
BAPPEDA PROVSU
392000

392000
1 Roadside
2 300 m dari jalan
Kel. Amplas 3 500 m dari jalan
4 600 m dari jalan
Kel. Harjosari 1 segmen jalan
yang diamati
Kec. Medan Amplas batas kelurahan
jalan lokal primer
Kel. Timb ang Deli jalan arteri sekunder
Jl. Ba jak 2
391200

391200

jalan arteri primer

#
1 Jl. Sisinga Konsentrasi (ug/Nm3)
man gara
ja 15001-18000
14001- 15000
#
2 14001- 15000
13001 - 14000
12001 - 13000
# Kel. Harjosari 2
#
3 11001 - 12000
Gambar 4.14
4 10001 - 11000
390400

390400

9001 - 10000
ISOPLETH HASIL 8001 - 9000
7001 - 8000
PERHITUNGAN PAGI 5000 - 7000
Figure 8. Isopleth Concentration of Day Measurement Results U
LEGENDA Kab. Deli Serdang Koordinat
Lokasi Sampling referensi:
1 Roads ide 47 N
392000

Sk ala 1 : 150 00
2 300 m dari ja lan
389600

389600

3 500 m dari ja lan DIGAMBAR OLEH:

4 600 m dari ja lan DENI GUSRIANTI
segmen jala n
ya ng diamati TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN
batas keluraha n FAKULTAS TEKNIK
jalan466400
lokal primer 467200 468000 468800 469600 USU
jalan arteri sek under
jalan arteri primer SUMBER PETA DASAR:
K onsentras i ( ug/Nm3) BAPPEDA PROVSU
391200

20000 - 21000
19001 - 20000
18001 - 19000
16001 - 18000
14001 - 16000
12001 - 14000
10001 - 12000
8001 - 10000
6001 - 8000
4001 - 6000
390400

2001 - 4000
100 - 2000
U
Koordinat
referensi:
Sk ala 1 : 150 00 47 N
DIGAMBAR OLEH:
DENI GUSRIANTI
389600

TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
USU
SUMBER PETA DASAR:
 Gambar 4.15
ISOPLETH HASIL
PERHITUNGAN SIANG
Figure 9. Isopleth Concentration of Morning Calculation Result
LEGENDA
Lokasi Sampling
1 Roadside
392000

2 300 m dari jalan

3 500 m dari jalan
4 600 m dari jalan
segmen jalan
yang diamati
batas kelurahan
jalan lokal primer
jalan arteri sekunder
jalan arteri primer
391200

Konsentrasi (ug/N m3)

18001 - 190 00
17001 - 180 00
16001 - 170 00
15001 - 160 00
14001 - 150 00
12001 - 140 00
10001 - 120 00
8001 - 1000 0
6001 - 8000
390400

4001 - 6000
2001 - 4000
100 - 2000
U
Koordinat
referensi:
Skala 1 : 150 00 47 N
DIGAMBAR OLEH:
DENI GUSRIANTI
389600

TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
USU
SUMBER PETA DASAR:
BAPPEDA PROVSU

Figure 10. Isopleth Concentration of Day Calculation Result

4. Conclution
Based on the observation of traffic volume on Jalan Sisingamangaraja is 7,591 units/hour during
morning observation and 7,433 units/hour during afternoon observation. The amount contributed an
emission rate of 49,171.7 μg/m.s in the morning and at noon of 46,943.1 μg/m.s.
The highest CO concentration was on the roadside of 20,340 μg/Nm3 in the morning and 18,340
μg/Nm3 during the day according to Gaussian Line Source calculations. While based on direct
measurement of the maximum concentration of 18,323 μg/Nm3 in the morning and 17,177 μg/Nm3 at
noon.

Comparison of modeling results and field measurements with wilmott's index has d and R values close
to 1, NMSE <0.5. Validation results have 16.5% -17% accuracy still in Gaussian modeling
criteria (10% - 20%).

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