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1 GRADING
st
VI-XIII-MARTYRS
SUBSTANCE
is a kind of matter which has a uniform composition.
MIXTURE
MOLECULES are made up of the particles called Atom. Molecules are arranged
and behave : Solid, Liquid, Gas .
Particles of Atom
Atomic mass – the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom .To get the
number of neutrons in an atom, subtract the number of protons from their atomic weight.
Molecules are still made up of smaller particles called Atom. When atom combined they
form Molecules.
Matter – classified as pure substances and mixture.
Elements –is made up of one kind of atom while a compound is made up of two or more
atoms of different elements chemically combined.
Colloids – are generally considered as heterogeneous mixture, but it have some qualities
of homogenous mixture as well.
DIFFERENT WAYS TO SEPARATE MIXTURES
HAND PICKING
Some of the substances are easily separable just by taking out by hand. This
method of separation is known as HAND PICKING. But some of them cannot be remove
by hand and we need some other method of separation for such as mixtures. For example,
separating of stones and insects from rice can separate by hand. But in case of tea and tea
leaves, the method of hand picking is not sufficient for separation and a filter is required.
WINNOWING
A technique used in separating a less dense substance from a denser one. In this
process the mixtures is left undisturbed. When the components are separated, the less-
dense substance can be removed by scooping using a spoon or it can be slowly pouring
out the less-dense substance.
Mixtures of metals and non-metals could be separated using a magnet. Metals are
attracted to the magnet while the other is not in this separation of metal and non- metal is
easy. Magnetic substance is substances that containing aligned dipoles. Dipoles are
spinning electrons. In order for something to be magnetic, its dipoles must be aligned
with each other. Natural magnet are normal rocks that have the property of attracting
iron.
Magnetic material - materials that are attracted by magnet are called magnetic
materials. Examples of magnetic materials include iron, cobalt, nickel, and steel.
Non-magnetic materials – materials that are not attracted by magnets are called
non-magnetic materials. Examples of non-magnetic materials include rubber, plastic,
stainless steel, feather, paper, mica, gold, silver, leather, etc.
KINDS OF MAGNETS
WAND MAGNET
BAR MAGNET
HORSESHOE MAGNET
DOUGHNUT MAGNET
USES OF MAGNETS
Televisions, computers, microwave, ovens, and refrigerators all operate with magnets.
Magnet
Attract
To pull towards each other.
Repel
Poles
Every magnets has at least one north pole and south pole.
The blue end of a magnet is the
south pole.