Review of Performance Analysis and Enhancement of Heat Transfer on Extended

Surfaces (Fins) Under Free and Forced Convection

-emil geogy

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Extended Surface An extended solid surface in which the transfer of heat by conduction is assumed to be a dimension, while the heat
transfer is by convection from the surface in the direction transverse to that of conduction. The fins are commonly used to increase the heat
transfer rate of the surface when it is not possible to increase the heat transfer rate is by increasing the heat transfer coefficient on the surface
or by increasing the temperature difference between the surface and the surrounding fluid. The vanes are commonly used in small capacity
compressors. They are also used for scooters and motorbikes as well as small capacity compressors.

B. Fin Effectiveness Efficiency of the fin represents the ratio between the heat transfer rates to the heat transfer rates that would exist
without fin. The desire is to have value of fin effectiveness as large as possible while maintaining the extra cost of addition as low as
possible.

C. Fin Efficiency Efficiency of the fin for the performance of a actual fin to that of an ideal fin. A fully effective end will be the most
effective, i.e. it would dissipate heat at the maximum rate if the entire surface is maintained at the base temperature. This ratio is always less
than one.

II. ABSTRACT

This paper reviews previous work done on performance analysis of extended surfaces (fins) under free and forced convection in order to
determine the enhancement in the heat transfer rate.The effects of geometric parameters, fin height, fin diameter fin material and base-to
ambient temperature difference on the heat transfer performance of fin arrays and the optimum fin separation value has been determined.
The studies have shown that the convection heat transfer rate from fin arrays depends on all geometric parameter, fin material and base-to-
ambient temperature difference..

Extensions on the finned surfaces is used to increases the surface area of the fin in contact with the fluid flowing around it. So, as the surface
area increase the more fluid contact to increase the rate of heat transfers from the base surface as compare to fin without the extensions
provided to it.

The heat transfer performance of fin with various extensions such as rectangular extension, trapezium extension, triangular extensions and
circular segmental extensions is also analyzed. On comparison, rectangular extensions provide on fin gives the greatest heat transfer than
that of other extensions having the same length and width attached to finned surface. The effectiveness of fin with rectangular extensions is
greater as compare to other extensions on fin.

The heat transfer performance of fin with same geometry having various extensions and without extensions is compared. Near about
ranging 5% to 13% more heat transfer can be achieved with these various extensions on fin as compare to same geometry of fin without
these extensions.

Heat transfer increases with the increase in approach velocity, pin diameter, and number of pins. The effect of fin density on the heat
transfer performance is examined Heat transfer also increases with the thermal conductivity of the material and with the pin height.

The effect on Re on the behavior the channel are also studied

III. LITERATURE REVIEWED

Romania Sheik, H. Alessa [1] had studied the natural convection heat transfer enhancement from a horizontal rectangular fin embedded with
equilateral triangular perforations. The heat dissipation rate from the perforated fin is compared to that of the equivalent solid one. The
effect of geometrical dimensions of the perforated fin and thermal properties of the fin was studied in detail. They concluded that, For
certain values of triangular dimensions, the perforated fin can result in heat transfer enhancement. The magnitude of enhancement is
proportional to the fin thickness and its thermal conductivity. The perforation of fins enhances heat dissipation rates and at the same time
decreases the expenditure of the fin material.

B. Ram Ram Prabhu [2] had studied the many industries are utilizing thermal systems wherein overheating can damage the system
components and lead to failure of the system. In order to overcome this problem, thermal systems with effective emitters such as ribs, fins,
baffles etc. are desirable. The need to increase the thermal performance of the systems, thereby affecting energy, material and cost savings
has led to development and use of many techniques termed as “Heat transfer Augmentation”. This technique is also termed as “Heat transfer
Enhancement” or “Intensification”.

Augmentation techniques increase convective heat transfer by reducing the thermal resistance in a heat exchanger. Many heat augmentation
techniques has been reviewed, these are (a) surface roughness, (b) plate baffle and wave baffle, (c) perforated baffle, (d) inclined baffle, (e)
porous baffle, (f) corrugated channel, (g) twisted tape inserts, (h) discontinuous Crossed Ribs and Grooves. Most of these enhancement
techniques are based on the baffle arrangement. Use of Heat transfer enhancement techniques lead to increase in heat transfer coefficient but
at the cost of increase in pressure drop.

George Mathew Emil [3] had investigated the steady-state external natural convection heat transfer from verticallymounted rectangular
interrupted finned heatsinks. After regenerating and validating the existing analytical results for continuous fins, a systematic numerical,
experimental, and analytical study is conducted on the effect of the fin array and single wall interruption. FLUENT and COMSOL
Multiphysics software are used in order to develop a two dimensional numerical model for investigation of fin interruption effects. Results
show that adding interruptions to vertical rectangular fins enhances the thermal performance of fins and reduces the weight of the fin arrays,
which in turn, can lead to lower manufacturing costs.

Samuel L Jackson [4] had investigated for natural convection adjacent to a vertical heated plate with a multiple v- type partition plates (fins)
in ambient air surrounding. As compared to conventional vertical fins, this v-type partition plate’s works not only as extended surface but
also as flow turbulator. In order to enhance the heat transfer, V-shaped partition plates (fins) with edges faced upstream were attached to the
two identical vertical plates. They observed that among the three different fin array configurations on vertical heated plate, V-type fin array
design performs better than rectangular vertical fin array and V-fin array with bottom spacing design. The performance was observed to
improve further, with increase in the height of the V-plates (fin height).

IV. CONCLUSION

In this study, previous work done on performance analysis of extended surfaces (fins) under free and forced convection has been discussed
in order to determine the enhancement in the heat transfer rate. The free and forced convection heat transfer from the fins of different shapes
& geometries protruding from a surface has been discussed that have been investigated both experimentally & numerically. The effects of
geometric parameters, fin height, fin length, and fin material; thermal conductivity on the heat transfer performance of fin arrays has been
discussed. A relation for the optimum fin height that maximizes the heat transfer rate has obtained. Experimental results showed that the
larger fin height results in higher convection heat transfer rates from the fin arrays The experimental result shows that for cylindrical fin
with circular grooves (depth 3.5mm) heat loss is a maximum. The grooved cylindrical fin loses approximately 1.23 times greater heat per
unit area, compared to the threaded cylindrical fin, and 2.17 times greater heat per unit area, respectively compared to the solid pin fin at a
pressure lower than atmospheric pressure. As pressure decreases heat loss reduces and contribution of radiation heat transfer on total heat
loss increases

In comparing the elliptical pin heat sink with the rectangular pin heat sink, the air foil benefits are visible. There was 40% more air flowing
through the rectangular pin design, yet the thermal resistances was virtually equal. The elliptical pin enhances heat transfer. For pin fin heat
transfer from and pressure drop across the heat sink increases with the increase in approach velocity, pin diameter, and number of pins. Heat
transfer also increases with the thermal conductivity of the material and with the pin height. In-line arrangement gives higher heat sink
resistance and lower pressure drop than the staggered arrangement. Heat transfer models for in line and staggered arrangements are suitable
in designing pin-fin heat sinks. The effect of fin density on the heat transfer performance is examined. For an inline arrangement, the
circular pin fin shows an appreciable influence of fin density whereas no effect of fin density is seen for square fin geometry. This is
associated with the unique deflection flow pattern accompanied with the inline circular fin configuration. For the staggered arrangement, the
heat transfer coefficient increases with the rise of fin density for all the three configurations. The elliptic pin fin shows the lowest pressure
drops. For the same surface area at a fixed pumping power, the elliptic pin fin possesses the smallest thermal resistance for the staggered
arrangement. One of the reasons for superior performance of circular pin fin under inline arrangement is associated with the unique
deflection flow. For a staggered arrangement where deflection flow pattern vanishes, the elliptic pin fin yields slightly better performance
than circular pin fin surface. The rate of heat transfer depends on the surface area of the fin. Radial or annular fins are one of the most
popular choices for exchanging the heat transfer rate from the primary surface of cylindrical shape. Elliptical fin efficiency is more than
circular fin. If space restriction is there along one particular direction while the perpendicular direction is relatively unrestricted elliptical
fins could be a good choice.