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Internal Structures
Ovaries
Fallopian Tubes
The fallopian tubes serve as the pathway of the egg cells towards the uterus.
It is a smooth, hollow tunnel that is divided into four parts: the interstitial, which is 1 cm in length; the
isthmus, which is2 cm in length; the ampulla, which is 5 cm in length; and the infundibular, which is 2
cm long and shaped like a funnel.
The funnel has small hairs called the fimbria that propel the ovum into the fallopian tube.
The fallopian tube is lined with mucous membrane, and underneath is the connective tissue and the
muscle layer.
The muscle layer is responsible for the peristaltic movements that propel the ovum forward.
The distal ends of the fallopian tubes are open, making a pathway for conception to occur.
Uterus
External Structures
Mons Veneris
The mons veneris is a pad of fat tissues over the symphysis pubis.
It has a covering of coarse, curly hairs, the pubic hair.
It protects the pubic bone from trauma.
Labia Minora
The labia minora is a spread of two connective tissue folds that are pinkish in color.
The internal surface is composed of mucous membrane and the external surface is skin.
It contains sebaceous glands all over the area.
Labia Majora
Lateral to the labia minora are two folds of fat tissue covered by loose connective tissue and epithelium,
the labia majora.
Its function is to protect the external genitalia and the distal urethra and vagina from trauma.
It is covered in pubic hair that serves as additional protection against harmful bacteria that may enter the
structure.
Vestibule
It is a smooth, flattened surface inside the labia wherein the openings to the urethra and the vagina arise.
Clitoris
The clitoris is a small, circular organ of erectile tissue at the front of the labia minora.
The prepuce, a fold of skin, serves as its covering.
This is the center for sexual arousal and pleasure for females because it is highly sensitive to touch and
temperature.
Female Reproductive System Anatomy and Physiology 3
Skene’s Glands
Also called as paraurethral glands, they are found lateral to the urethral meatus and have ducts that open
into the urethra.
The secretions from this gland lubricate the external genitalia during coitus.
Bartholin’s Gland
Also called bulbovaginal gland, this is another gland responsible for the lubrication of the external
genitalia during coitus.
It has ducts that open into the distal vagina.
Both of these glands secretions are alkaline to help the sperm survive in the vagina.
Fourchette
This is a ridge of tissue which is formed by the posterior joining of the labia minora and majora.
During episiotomy, this is the tissue that is cut to enlarge the vaginal opening.
Perineal Body
Hymen