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Dental Anatomy And Occlusion

by UIC D2, Aug 2011
Subjects: anatomy boards cod dental occlusion uic
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174 Cards in this Set
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Which of the following primary teeth is

most likely to have an oblique ridge?
- Maxillary canine
- Maxillary first molar Maxillary second molar
- Maxillary second molar
- Mandibular first molar
- Mandibular second molar
When compared to the primary

mandibular first molar, the primary
mandibular second molar normally
exhibits a greater number of which of
the following?
Cusps
- Oblique ridges
- Roots
- Cusps
- Cervical ridges
- Transverse ridges
In an indeal intercuspal relation, the

mesiofacial cusp of the maxillary first
molar opposed which morphologic
entitiy of the mandibular first molar?
Mesiofacial groove
- Central fossa
- Lingual groove
- Distofacial groove
- Mesiofacial groove
The occlusal outline of a mandibular

first molar is similar to a:
- circle
- square pentagon
- hexagon
- pentagon
- rhomboid
Which of the following statements is Food is masticated primarily in lateral

correct with respect to mastication of contacting movement
food?
- Food is masticated primarily in a
border movement
- Food is masticated primarily in lateral
contacting movement
- An ideal occlusion is requisite for
masticatory efficiency
- Proper incisor contact is a requisite
for masticatory efficiency
- Indigestion is generally related to
inadequate mastication of food
Which of the following factors most

influences the lingual concavity of the
maxillary anterior teeth and groove
direction of the posterior teeth?
- Anterior guidance
Sideshift of the mandible (Bennett
- Angle of the eminence
sideshift)
- Curve of occlusion
- Sideshift of the mandible (Bennett
movement)
- Direction of movement of the rotating
condyle
On the crown of the primary maxillary

first molar, the mesial surface
normally:
- is larger than the distal surface of the
same tooth
is larger than the distal surface of the
- exhibits a concave lingual outline
same tooth
- is wider occlusocervically than
buccolingually
- exhibits a straight cervical line
- is wider buccolingually at the occlusal
table than at the cervical third
Which of the following describes the

Lingual embrasure is larger than the
contact relationship between a
facial embrasure
maxillary central incisor and a
maxillary lateral incisor?
- Contact is offset to the lingual
- Contact is centered incisocervically
- Lingual embrasure is larger than the
facial embrasure
- Incisal embrasure is the largest of all
the embrasures
Mesial and distal pulp horns are more

likely to be found in which of the
following teeth?
- Maxillary central incisors
Maxillary central incisors
- Mandibular central incisors
- Mandibular canines
- Maxillary first premolars
- Mandibular first premolars
When the mandible moves to the right,

the mesiolingual cusp of the maxillary
right first molar passes through which
groove of the mandibular right first
molar?
Lingual
- Mesiomarginal
- Distofacial
- Mesiofacial
- Lingual
- Central
In unilateral balanced occlusion,

contact between lower buccal cusps
and upper buccal cusps, along with
simultaneous contact between lower
lingual cusps and upper lingual cusps,
will most likely occur in which of the
Laterotrusive
following types of mandibular
movement?
- Laterotrusive
- Mediotrusive
- Straight retrusive
- Straight protrusive
The apex of the horizontal plane
Gothic-arch tracing represents which of
the following positions?
- Maximum opening Centric relation
- Centric relation
- Lateral protrusive
- Rest position
Initiation of calcification for the

mandibular central incisor normally
occurs at:
- 3 to 4 months of age
3 to 4 months of age
- 1 year of age
- 2 to 3 years of age
Of the primary maxillary teeth, the

cervical ridge would stand out most
prominently as a distinct entity in
which surface of which molar?
- First molar, Distofacial surface First molar, Mesiofacial surface
- First molar, Mesiofacial surface
- Second molar, Distofacial surface
- Second molar, Mesiolingual surface
- Second molar, Distolingual surface
During endodontic therapy, one will

usually find two pulp canals in which
of the following?
- Mandibular canine
- Distofacial root of a maxillary molar Mesial root of a mandibular first molar
- Distal root of a mandibular first molar
- Mesial root of a mandibular first
molar
- Lingual root of a maxillary first molar
The movement in the upper

compartment of the Both statements are false
temporomandibular joint is rotation and
translation. The movement in the lower
compartment is translation.
- Both statements are true
- Both statements are false
- The first statesment is true, and the
second is false
- The first statement is false, and the
second is true
The non-working condyle performs

which of the following movements?
- Straight forward
- Forward and downward Downward, forward, and medial
- Downward, forward, and lateral
- Downward, backward, and medial
- Downward, forward, and medial
Which of the following teeth represents

the one most likely to present with
three roots?
- Mandibular central incisor
Maxillary first premolat
- Mandibular second premolar
- Mandibular canine
- Maxillary first premolar
- Maxillary second premolar
Which of the following best describes a

centric holding cusp of a mandibular
left second molar?
- It is the distofacial cusp and occlude
in the embrasure between maxillary
first and second molars
It is the distofacial cusp and occludes
- It is the distofacial cusp and occludes
in the central fossa of a maxillary
in the central fossa of a maxillary
second molar
second molar
- It is the distolingual cusp and
occludes in the embrasure between
maxillary first and second molars
- It is the distolingual cusp and
occludes in the central fossa of a
maxillary second molar
Each of the following can be found in

the dental pulp exceot one, Which one
is this exception?
- Nerve tissue Cementoblasts
- Blood vessels
- Cementoblasts
- Lymph vessels
The spacing between anterior teeth in

the primary dentition is most frequently
causes be:
- thumb sucking
the growth of the dental arches
- tongue thrusting
- transseptal gingival fibers
- the growth of the dental arches
- the pressure from succedaneous teeth
In the intercuspal position, which of the

following anterior teeth has the
potential of contacting both anterior
and posterior antagonists?
Maxillary canine
- Maxillary lateral incisors
- Mandibular lateral incisor
- Maxillary canine
- Mandibular canine
On a maxillary first molar, the occlusal

outline contains two obtuse and two
acute angles. The acute line angles are:
- mesiolingual and distolingual
mesiofacial and distolingual
- mesiofacial and distolingual
- mesiolingual and distofacial
- mesiofacial and distofacial
- distofacial and distolingual
Ordinarily, a 6-year-old child would

All primary teeth and permanent first
have which of the following teeth
molars
clinically visible?
- All primary teeth only
- All primary teeth and permanent first
molars
- Primary posterior teeth, permanent
first molars, and central incisors
- Primary canines, permanent first
molars, and permanent mandibular
incisors
In an ideal intercuspal position, the

distoincisal aspect of a mandibular
central incisor opposes which structure
of which maxillary incisor?
- Lingual fossa of a lateral Lingual fossa of a central
- Mesial marginal ridge of a lateral
- Distal marginal ridge of a central
- Mesial marginal ridge of a central
- Lingual fossa of a central

distolingual cusp of a maxillary first
molar opposes the:
- central fossa of the mandibular first
molar
- lingual sulcus of the mandibular first
mesial marginal ridge of the
molar
mandibular second molar
- mesial fossa of the mandibular second
molar
- mesial marginal ridge of the
mandibular second molar
- facial embrasure between the
mandibular first and second molars
Which of the following best describes

the occlusal outline of a maxillary first
molar from an occlusal view?
- Ovoid Rhomboidal
- Square
- Reactangular
- Pentagonal
- Rhomboidal
Which of the following represents the

total number of teeth int he permanent
dentition that normally possess a
cingulum?
-4 12
-6
-8
- 12
- 16

the normal root of the mandibular
canine, in cross section at the CEJ?
- Circular, symmetrical
- Triangular, symmetrical Ovoid, but wider mesiodistally at the
- Ovoid, symmetrical labial
- Ovoid, but wider mesiodistally at the
lingual
- Ovoid, but wider mesiodistally at the
labial
Identify the anterior tooth that most

frequently exhibits a bifurcated root
and identify the positions of the roots.
- Maxillary lateral incisor, Mesial and
distal Mandibular canine, Facial and lingual
- Maxillary lateral incisor, Facial and
lingual
- Maxillary canine, Facial and lingual
- Mandibular canine, Facial and lingual
Which of the following teeth is the

least likely tooth to have a bifurcation
of the root?
- Mandibular canine Maxillary central incisor
- Maxillary central incisor

slight incisocervical concavity on the
labial crown surface of the canines that
is found in the incisal third, just mesial
to the labial ridge?
- Mesial fossa Mesiolabial developmental depression
- Mesiolingual fissa
- Mesial marginal ridge
- Mesiolabial line angle
- Mesiolabial developmental
depression
Compared to a maxillary second

premolar, a maxillary first premolar
has:
- two roots, one facial and one lingual
two roots, one facial and one lingual
- three developmental grooves
- one root containing two root canals
- a shorter central groove
- two roots, one mesial and one distal
A pronounced developmental groove is

usually present on a marginal ridge of
which of the following teeth?
- Maxillary canine
Maxillary first premolar

number and the location of cusps on
the Y-type mandibular second
premolar?
Two lingual and one facial
- No lingual and one facial
- One lingual and one facial
- One lingual and two facial
- Two lingual and one facial
- Two lingual and two facial
Whihc of the following primary teeth is

usually bilaterally symmetrical when
view favially and incisally?
Mandibular central incisor
- Maxillary lateral incisor
- Mandibular canine
The marginal ridges are more

prominent on the lingual surface of
which of the following incisors?
- Maxillary central Maxillary lateral
- Mandibular central
- Maxillary lateral
- Mandibular lateral
Where is the lingual height of contour

located on a mandibular first premolar?
- Occlusal third
- Junction of the occlusal and middle
thirds Middle third
- Middle third
- Junction of the middle and cervical
thirds
- Cervical third
Which of the following teeth has the

greatest cervico-occlusal crown height?
- Mandibular second premolar Maxillary first premolar
- Maxillary first molar
The oblique ridge of the maxillary

molars extends between which two Mesiolingual and distofacial
cusps?
- Mesiofacial and distofacial
- Mesiolingual and distolingual
- Mesiolingual and distofacial
- Mesiofacial and mesiolingual
- Mesiofacial and distolingual
Each of the following muscles is

constrained in function due to swelling
at the angle of the mandible and the
lateral neck except one. Which one is
this exception?
Medial pterygoid
- Digastric
- Mylohyoid
- Geniohyoid
- Medial pterygoid
- Lateral pterygoid
A radiograph of Tooth #32 shows two

well-formed roots. When sectioning
this tooth to separate the roots and
simplify extraction, which of the
following best describes how the cut
should be made?
- Bucco lingually through the crown Bucco lingually through the crown and
and fircation furcation
- Bucco lingually through the pulp
horns
- Mesio distally through the crown and
furcation
- Mesio distally through the crown at
the level of the CEJ
Prior to extracting Tooth #32, surgery

is done to expose the entire crown of
the tooth. Which of the following
The mesial distal dimension of the
should the dentist expect to see?
crown is greater than the buccal lingual
- The buccal lingual dimension of the
dimension
crown is greater than the mesial distal
dimension
- The mesial distal dimension of the
crown is greater than the buccal lingual
dimension
- The buccal lingual and mesial distal
dimensions of the crown are the same
- The crown of Tooth #32 is smaller
than the crown of Tooth #1
On a panoramic radiograph of a 7-year-

old, the dentist will expect to see each
of the following features except one.
Which one is this exception?
- Primary maxillary lateral incisors
with partially resorbed roots
- Partially eruped maxillary central
incisors with incomplete root closure at
Fully eruped mandibular central
the apex
incisors with complete root formation
- Partially erupted mandibular lateral
and closure at the apex
incisors with incomplete root closure at
the apex
- Fully erupted mandibular central
incisors with complete root formation
and closure at the apex
- Fully erupted mandibular first molars
with incomplete root formation and
non closure at the apex
A radiograph of the maxillary central

incisors in a 7-year-old reveals a small,
calcified radiopaque mass between the
roots of Teeth #8 and #9. Which of the
following is the most likely reason for
this mass? Mesiodens
- Distodens
- Mesiodens
- Talon cusp
- Dens in dente
- Peg lateral incisor
With fracture of hte left condyle, the

Temporomandibular
condylar head remains in the
mandibular fossa due to which of the
following ligaments?
- Periodontal
- Otomandibular
- Stylomandibular
- Sphenomandibular
- Temporomandibular
Clinical examination reveals that the

lingual cusp on Tooth #5 is broken off.
This is most likely due to which of the
following mandibular movements
during trauma?
Left mesiotrusuve
- Left mesiotrusive
- Right mesiotrusive
- Protrusive
- Left laterotrusive
- Right laterotrusive
Which of the following primary teeth

has a distinctly prominent facial
cervical ridge that makes it different
from other teeth?
- Maxillary canine Mandibular first molar
- Mandibular canine
As viewed from the lingual, the lingual

cusp of a maxillary first premolar is
inclined:
- distally
mesially
- mesially
- distofacially
- mesiolingually
- directly over the center mesiodistally
The cusp of Carabelli occurs with

Primary maxillary second
sufficient frequency to be considered
normal in which of the following
molars?
- Primary maxillary first
- Primary maxillary second
- Mandibular first
- Maxillary second
Which of the following

temporomandibular joint ligaments
restricts the movement of the disc away
from the condyle during function?
Discal
- Discal
- Stylomandibular
- Temporomandibular
- Sphenomandibular
The presence of mamelons in a 10-

year-old patient suggests which of the
following conditions?
- Fluorosis
Anterior open bite
- Malnutrition
- Malformation
- Anterior open bite
- Retained primary teeth
When viewed from the incisal aspect,

each of the following features of an
incisor is visible except one. Which
one is this exception?
- Cingulum
Cervical line
- Lingual fossa
- Cervical line
- Marginal ridges
- Mesiofacial developmental
depression

mesiofacial groove of a mandibular Triangular ridge of the mesiofacial
first molar opposed which part of the cusp
maxillary first molar?
- Tip of the distofacial cusp
- Tip of the mesiofacial cusp
- Triangular ridge of the distofacial
cusp
- Triangular ridge of the mesiofacial
cusp
The condyle on the laterotrusive side

generally rotates about a:
- sagittal axis only
vertical axis and translates laterally
- horizontal axis only
- horizontal axis and translates laterally
- vertical axis and translates laterally
Which teeth occlude with only one

opposing tooth?
- Maxillary canines
- Mandibular lateral incisors Mandibular central incisors
- Mandibular central incisors
- Maxillary first premolars
- Mandibular third molars
The developmental groove between the

distofacial cusp and the distal cusp of a
mandibular first molar is the:
- facial
distofacial
- distal
- distofacial
- mesiofacial
- distal oblique
Which of the following permanent

roots is thin mesiodistally, wide
faciolingually, and concave on both
mesial and distal surfaces?
- Maxillary central incisor Mandibular central incisor
- Facial root of a maxillary first
premolar
- Lingual root of a maxillary first molar

structure in the maxillary alveolar bone
that maxillary premolar roots
occasionally penetrate?
- Antrum Antrum
- Nasal septum
- Frontal sinus
- Zygomatic arch
- Mandibular fossa
The contact ares of anterior teeth are

incisal to the middle thirds in each of
the following except one. Which one is
this exception?
- Distal contact of the maxillary canine
- Mesial contact of the maxilary canine
Distal contact of the maxillary canine
- Mesial contact of the maxillary lateral
incisor
- Mesial contact of the mandibular
lateral incisor
- Distal contact of the mandibular
lateral incisor
Which of the following features helps

to distinguish a maxillary lateral incisor
from a mandibular lateral incisor? The
maxillary lateral has:
- a thinner incisal ridge a more pronounced lingual fossa
- a crown more twisted on the root
- a more pronounced lingual fossa
- a root that is flattened mesiodistally
- a mesioincisal angle that is sharped
When compared to a maxillary first

molar, the roots of a maxillary second
molar: are greater in distal inclination
- are longer
- are more divergent
- are fewer in number
- have less potential for fusion
- are greater in distal inclination
In right laterotrusive movement, the

lingual cusp of a maxillary right second
premolar passes through which of the
following mandibular structures?
- Facial groove of the right first molar Embrasure between the right second
- Lingual groove of the right first molar premolar and the right first molar
- Embrasure between the right first
premolar and the right second premolar
- Embrasure between the right second
premolar and the right first molar
On the lingual crown surface of

maxillary canines, which of the
following is the structure located
immediately mesial to the distolingual
fossa?
Lingual ridge
- Cingulum
- Lingual ridge
- Mesiolingual fossa
- Distal marginal ridge
Which of the following are the teeth

whose masticatory function is primarily
biting?
- Incisors and canines Incisors and canines
- Incisors and premolars
- Canines and premolars
- Premolars and molars
Which of the following best represents

the structure on the crown of the
maxillary canine which normally lies
Lingual ridge
directly distal to the mesiolingual
fossa?
- Lingual ridge
- Distal fossa
- Distolingual fossa
- Distal marginal ridge
When an adult with normal occlusion

moves the mandible from maximum
intercuspation to right lateral relation,
which of the following cusps of
maxillary left teeth moves through the
facial embrasure between the
Lingual cusp of first premolar
mandibular left premolars?
- Lingual cusp of first premolar
- Facial cusp of second premolar
- Lingual cusp of second premolar
- Mesiofacial cusp of first molar
- Distofacial cusp of first molar
The tissue present between the

articulating bones of the
temporomandibular joint is called the:
- articular disc
articular disc
- fibrous capsule
- synovial membrane
- joint capsule
- bilaminar zone
From a frontal view, which of the

following describes the plane of
occlusion of the mandibular arch in a
normal dentition?
- It is flat It is a concave curve
- It is a convex curve
- It is a concave curve
- It is the result of uniform
perpendicular alignment of the teeth
Which of the following teeth normally

has the longest root? Maxillary canine
- Maxillary canine
- Mandibular canine
- Mandibular first premolar
Which of the following mandibular

molar proximal crown surfaces
normally exhibits the largest size?
- Mesial of the first
Mesial of the first
- Distal of the first
- Mesial of the second
- Distal of the second
- Mesial of the third
In a cusp to fossa contacting

relationship in intercuspal position, the
maxillary first premolar is most likely
to articulate with which of the
following mandibular teeth?
First premolar
- Lateral incisor
- Lateral incisor and canine
- First premolar
- Canine and first premolar
- First premolar and second premolar
The major grooves of the mandibular

second molar form which of the
following patterns?
-H
+
-Y
-X
-+
--
If the maxillary and mandibular

incisors are in crossbite, then the
contacting surfaces, during maximum
mandibular lingual and maxillary facial
intercuspation, would be:
- mandibular lingual and maxillary
facial
- mandibular facial and maxillary facial
- mandibular lingual and maxillary
lingual
- mandibular facial and maxillary
lingual
As distinguished from a maxillary

canine, a mandibular canine typically
has:
- a sharper facial cusp tip
contact areas located more incisally
- contact areas located more incisally
- a more pronounced cingulum
- a more convex mesial border, when
viewed facially
Which of the following teeth has its

mesial marginal ridge located more
cervically than its distal marginal
ridge?
- Mandibular first premolar Mandibular first premolar
- Maxillary first molar
- Primary mandibular first molar

ridge on the occlusal surface of the
maxillary first molar that normally
forms the distal boundary of the central
fossa?
Oblique
- Oblique
- Distal marginal
- Mesial marginal
- Mesial cusp ridges of the MF cusp
- Distal cusp ridges of the DF cusp
A transverse ridge results from the

union of:
Facial and lingual triangular ridges
- Mesial and distal marginal ridges
- Facial and lingual cusp ridges
- Facial and lingual triangular ridges
- Marginal and triangular
- Cusp ridge and triangular ridge
Which of the following is normally

exhibited by maxillary second
premolars?
- Two roots
- A mesial concavity of the crown
A crown that is wider faciolingually
- A facial crown contour that is greatly
than mesiodistally
inclined to the lingual
- A lingual height of contour in the
cervical third of the crown
- A crown that is wider faciolingually
than mesiodistally
Which of the following teeth possess

three cusps?
- Maxillary second premolar and
maxillary first molar
- Maxillary second premolar and
mandibular first premolar Maxillary second molar and
- Maxillary first molar and mandibular mandibular second premolar
second molar
- Maxillary second molar and
mandibular first premolar
- Maxillary second molar and
mandibular second premolar
A mandibular first molar usually has

how many roots and canals?
- Two roots, Two canals
Two roots, Three canals
- Two roots, Three canals
- Three roots, Two canals
- Three roots, Three canals
Which of the following roots most

likely has two canals? Mesiofacial root of the maxillary first
- Facial root of the maxillary first molar
premolar
- Palatal root of the maxillary first
molar
- Distofacial root of the maxillary first
molar
- Mesiofacial root of the maxillary first
molar
- Distal root of the mandibular first
molar
The mixed dentition stage is normally

initiated by the:
- exfoliation of the primary maxillary
central incisor
- exfoliation of the primary maxillary
eruption of the mandibular first molar
second molar
- exfoliation of the primary mandibular
second molar
- eruption of the maxillary first molar
- eruption of the mandibular first molar
At age 8, the maxilary first molar has:

- a mesial contact with the primary first
molar
- a distal contact with the second molar no distal contact
- no mesial contact
- no distal contact
- not yet erupted
A patient reports breaking a lower right

central incisor while eating a cookie.
Which of the following mandibular
movements was the patient most likely
making when this occured?
Protrusive
- Protrusive
- Retrusive
- Straight closure
- Right working
- Left working
When viewed from the sagittal plane, inclines facially

the axial inclination of the anterior
teeth:
- remains vertical
- inclines facially
- inclines mesially
- inclines distally
- inclines lingually
A radiograph of the maxillary posterior

teeth in a 10-year-old should
demonstrate which of the following
calcifications completed?
First molar root
- First premolar root
- Second premolar root
- First molar root
- third molar crown
To properly align the maxillary central

incisor and the maxillary lateral incisor,
an orthodontist will ensure that the
distal surface of the maxillary central
incisor contacts what area of the mesial
surface of the maxillary lateral incisor? Incisal third
- Cervical line
- Mesio incisal line angle
- Incisal third
- Middle third
- Cervical third

the occlusal classification when the
disto buccal cusp of the mandibular
first molar rests in the central fossa of
the maxillary first molar? Class I
- Class I
- Class II, division I
- Class II, division II
- Class III
Which of the following best describes Three canals, two in the mesial root
the most likely presentation of pulp and one in the distal root
canals in tooth #30?
- Two canals, one in each root
- Three canals, two in the mesial root
and one in the distal root
- Three canals, one in the mesial root
and two in the distal root
- Four canals, two in each root
If a patient and dentist elect to extract

Tooth #30, sectioning of the tooth will
be required. The dentist should be
aware of which of the following
furcations on this tooth?
Two, facial and lingual
- One
- Two, mesial and distal
- Two, facial and lingual
- Three, mesial distal and facial
- Three, facial mesial and lingual
If the mandibular right posterior teeth

are extracted, then the maxillary right
posterior teeth will likely show signs
of:
- attrition supraeruption
- abfraction
- ankylosis
- mesial drift
- supraeruption
Which of the following are the last

primary teeth to erupt?
- Maxillary canines
- Mandibular canines Maxillary second molars
- Maxillary second molars
- Mandibular second molars
Which of the following is the correct

Cementum, dentin, enamel
sequence of dental tissues from softest
to hardest?
- Dentin, cementum, enamel
- Cementum, dentin, enamel
- Dentin, enamel, cementum
- Cementum, enamel, dentin
The crown of which premolar is wider

faciolingually than mesiodistally, and
has two cusps that are approximately
equal in height?
Maxillary second
- Maxillary first
- Mandibular first
- Maxillary second
- Mandibular second
In the intercuspal position, the lingual

cusp of a mandibular first premolar
usually occludes:
- with the mesial marginal ridge of the
maxillary second premolar and the
distal marginal ridge of the first
premolar
with no maxillary tooth
- in the lingual embrasure between
maxillary canine and first premolar
- with the lingual surface of the
maxillary first premolar
- in the lingual embrasure between
maxillary premolars
- with no maxillary tooth
Through which of the following groove

of the mandibular first molar does the
maxillary mesiolingual cusp pass in a
lateral excursive movement on the
working side? Lingual
- Facial
- Lingual
- Central
- Distofacial
In an ideal occlusion, the facial cusps
of the posterior mandibular teeth
oppose which landmark of the
maxillary dentition?
- Facio occlusal line Central fossa line
- Central fossa aline
- Linguo occlusal line
- Curve of Spee
- Curve of Wilson
The upper compartment of the

temporomandibular joint is that space
between the:
- condylar head and the disc
- inferior and superior retrodiscal disc and the articular fossa and
lamina eminence
- retrodiscal tissue and capsular
ligament
- disc and the articular fossa and
eminence
If a maxillary first molar has a fourth

pulp canal, it is located in which of the
following roots?
- Mesiofacial Mesiofacial
- Distofacial
- Palatal
- Fourth
1
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Nbde Released-Dental Anatomy/occlusion

by umcdental20149, Dec. 2011
Subjects: anatomy dental occlusion

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The correct choice is 2= INCISORS AND

FIRST MOLARS
. A 12-month-old child generally has all
of the primary incisors and first
molars. The primary mandibular
central incisors erupt at 6 months, the
A 1-year-old child is expected to have mandibular laterals at 7 months, the
erupted which of the following primary maxillary centrals at 7-12 months, the
maxillary and mandibular teeth? maxillary laterals at 9 months, and the
1. lncisors and canines maxillary and mandibular first molars
2. lncisors and first molars at 12 months, although the maxillary
3. Central incisors and canines first primary molar may not erupt until
4. Mandibular central and lateral about 14 months. Choices 1 and 3: A 1-
incisors and maxillary central incisors year-old should have all of the primary
incisors, but the cuspids do not &
erupt until later: the mandibular
cuspid at 16 months and the maxillary
cuspid at 18 months. Choice #4: All of
the teeth listed, which were the
mandibular centrals and laterals and
maxillary centrals, should be present in
a 1-year-old, but so should the
maxillary laterals and first primary
molars. So, once again, the correct
choice for question is 2.
INCISORS AND FIRST MOLARS
The correct choice is 2. A 12-month-

old child generally has all of the
primary incisors and first molars. The
primary mandibular central incisors
erupt at 6 months, the mandibular
laterals at 7 months, the maxillary
centrals at 7-12 months, the maxillary
A 1-year-old child is expected to have laterals at 9 months, and the maxillary
erupted which of the following primary and mandibular first molars at 12
maxillary and mandibular teeth? months, although the maxillary first
1. lncisors and canines primary molar may not erupt until
2. lncisors and first molars about 14 months. Choices 1 and 3: A 1-
3. Central incisors and canines year-old should have all of the primary
4. Mandibular central and lateral incisors, but the cuspids do not &
incisors and maxillary central incisors erupt until later: the mandibular
A branch of which of the following V

cranial nerves to the tongue may be
anesthetized during administration of The correct answer is choice 1. Let's
an inferior alveolar block? review the cranial nerves to the
1. V tongue. Firstly, all intrinsic and
2. VII extrinsic tongue muscles receive motor
3. IX innervation from the hypoglossal
4. XII nerve cranial nerve XII except the
palatoglossus which is innervated by
the pharyngeal plexus. The regular
sensation of the anterior two-thirds of
the tongue is provided by the lingual
branch of the mandibular division of
the trigeminal, cranial nerve V. Taste
the tongue is provided by the chorda
tympani, a branch of the facial nerve,
cranial nerve VII. Taste and regular
sensation of the posterior one third of
the tongue is provided by the
glossopharyngeal nerve, cranial nerve
IX. It is the lingual nerve, a branch of
the cranial nerve V, which is usually
anesthetized during an inferior
alveolar nerve block. Remember that
this is the nerve block used when
performing procedures involving
mandibular teeth. When entering and
leaving the area of the inferior alveolar
nerve, some anesthetic will be
deposited close to the lingual nerve,
anesthetizing it also. So the correct
answer to question is choice 1
DENS IN DENTE
A deep invagination of the lingual pit in The correct answer is choice E. The
a maxillary lateral incisor can be called term "dens-in dente" refers to
A. dilaceration the"tooth within a tooth" appearance
B. fusion on radiograph of a lateral incisor with
C. concrescence a deeply invaginated lingual pit. The pit
D. anodontia may have the size and shape of a small
E. dens in dente tooth. Dilaceration refers to a sudden
change of direction of a root. Fusion
refers to the joining of two teeth by
dentin. Concrescence is the joining of
two teeth by cementum. Anodontia
refers to the lack of development of all
teeth.
ANODONTIA
The correct answer is choice C.

Anodontia is the absence of formation
of all teeth. This may be due to a
variety of genetic, metabolic or
hormonal problems. Microdontia
A developmental abnormality in which refers to the presence of teeth
all teeth are absent is markedly smaller dentin than normal
A. Microdontia size. Oligodontia refers to the absence
B. Oligodontia of many, but not all teeth. A few
C. Anodontia missing teeth are sometimes referred
D. Exodontia to as hypodontia. Supernumerary
E. Odontoma teeth can be referred to as
hyperdontia. Exodontia is the
procedure of removing teeth.
Odontoma is a benign tumor of tooth
tissue (enamel, dentin, cemetum
etc.)in multiple tooth-like form
(compound odontoma) or non-descript
masses (complex odontoma).
A hypoplasia of primary teeth which is A METABOLIC DISTURBANCE DURING

limited to the incisal thirds of incisors, INFANCY AND THE EARLY CHILDHOOD
to the incisal tips of canines, and to the PERIODS
occlusal portions of molars, suggests
which of the following? The correct answer is choice C.
A. Tetracycline medication in early life Hypoplasia involves poor development
B. Excessive fluorides in the drinking and calcification of teeth. It can be
water caused by trauma or disease during a
C. A metabolic disturbance during the stage at which developing teeth are
prenatal period calcifying. Tetracycline staining will
D. A metabolic disturbance during cause discoloration of teeth, and is
infancy and the early childhood caused by a mother taking tetracycline
periods during pregnancy, with tetracycline
being incorporated into tooth
structure. It is not, however,
hypoplasia. Fluorides do not cause
hypoplasia either. Excess systemic
fluoride well beyond the
recommended lppm can cause
fluorosis, a discoloration of enamel. So
our choice is either C or D, depending
on when incisal edges of primary
incisors, canines and molars are
calcifying. It turns out that they all
begin calcification in utero between 4-
6 months. A variable amount of crown
enamel is complete by birth, and the
rest shortly thereafter. Remember that
incisal edges calcify first.
IT HAS A LESS PRONOUNCED

CINGULUM
A mandibular canine differs from a
The correct answer is choice B. In
maxillary canine in which of the
general, the mandibular canine is
following?
smaller in all respects. Its cingulum is
A. It is longer.
less pronounced, and the tooth crown
B. It has a less pronounced cingulum.
appears to be somewhat assymetrical,
C. The crown is approximately the
with the mesial section of the facial
same length.
area higher and narower than the
D. It has a cusp tip more nearly
distal. The distal section of the facial
centered mesiodistally when viewed
view looks somewhat bulbous and
from the facial.
extends out farther. The mesial height
of contour is also higher than the
distal.
A mandibular primate space is usually CANINE AND FIRST MOLAR

found in the primary dentition
between molar. The maxillary primate space is
1. central incisors. found between the maxillary primary
2. central and lateral incisors. lateral incisor and canine. The primate
3. lateral incisor and canine. space can occur in all other primates.
4. canine and first molar. When present, it usually allows the
5. first and second molars. erupting mandibular first permanent
molar to push forward and cause
closure of the primate space. Then, the
erupting maxillary first permanent
molar can supposedly erupt directly
into a class 1 "normal" molar
relationship. If the primary dentition is
crowded without spaces, the
permanent first molars generally erupt
end to end and the mandibular
permanent molar cannot shift forward
into a class 1 molar relationship until
the primary mandibular second molar
is replaced by the smaller permanent
mandibular second bicuspid. This is
referred to as a late mesial shift.
#29
The correct answer is choice C. The

mental foramen carries the mental
nerve and artery through the mandible
onto the skin overlying the mandible
from the midline to the first premolar
A mental foramen would be found on area. It also inervates buccal soft tissue
x-ray closest to the root of which and periosteum in the same area, as
tooth? well as portions of the lower lip.
A. #19 Anesthetic is sometimes injected near
B. #14 the mental foramen to obtain
C. #29 anesthesia of these soft tissues. It is
D. #22 usually not possible to anesthetize
E. #4 teeth with a mental nerve block. The
foramen is seen on x-ray as a lucent
oval or circle most often near the apex
of the mandibular second premolars
(#20 and #29). It is possible in some
cases to confuse the foramen with
periapical pathology. Sometimes the
foramen may be found slightly more
mesially, toward the first premolar.
24

Fortunately, we do not really need to
know here about replacement of
deciduous teeth by permanents. At
age seven, some of the primary
incisors will have been replaced and
A normal seven-year-old child will have
some not. However, since there is a
how many teeth?
one-to-one replacement, it doesn't
A. 20
matter-if primaries or permanents are
B. 22
present. What is important is that the
C. 24
child has 20 primary teeth and that
D. 26
number of original tooth positions
E. 28
does not change as they are replaced.
Only new teeth erupting distal to the
original 20 will increase the total
number. In this case, we expect that
the four permanent first molars should
erupt by about age six; therefore, four
more than the original 20 teeth should
be present, 24.
All of the following are true of primary PRIMARY TEETH HAVE A SMALLER
teeth, as compared to permanent RATIO OF MESIAL-DISTAL WIDTH TO
teeth EXCEPT: CROWN HEIGHT
A. Primary teeth are whiter in color
B. Primary teeth have a smaller ratio of The correct answer is choice C. The
crown to root length. question reviews basic qualities or "set
C. Primary teeth have a smaller ratio of characteristics" of primary versus
mesial-distal width to crown height permanent teeth. In general, primaries
D. Primary molars have a smaller root are smaller than their permanent
trunk, relative to total tooth size counterparts. They have the
E. Primary second molars closely appearance of having very short
model the anatomy of permanent first crowns, because their crown is short,
molars relative to their root size (small crown
to root ratio). They also have the
appearance of having "squat" crowns.
This means that the crowns are flat,
that is, they are relatively wide, but
short in height (mesialdistal width to
crown height ratio is LARGE. Primary
molars have a very small root trunk,
relative to the root trunk of the
permanents. The root trunk is the area
of combined root tissue. It is small in
the primaries because that area is
taken up by the developing permanent
premolar crowns. Primary second
molars are noted for their uncanny
resemblance to permanent first molars
(except in overal size).
MORE BULBOUS AND CONSTRICTED

As compared with permanent teeth, general, primary teeth differ from
the crowns of the primary teeth are permanents in a number of ways. They
A. larger. are generally smaller than their
B. more bulbous and constricted. permanent counterparts in all
C. about the same size, but more bell- dimensions. The are usually "squatter"
shaped cervically. in appearance, with their crowns
D. narrower mesiodistally in shorter, relative to their mesio-distal
comparison with their crown length in length. They tend to have bulbous
the anterior teeth. cervical ridges, on the buccal of
molars, and both buccal and lingual of
anteriors. They are whiter in color, and
the enamel is relatively thinner.
As the mouth is opened widely, the ANTERIORLY

articular disk moves in what direction
in relation to the articular eminence? The correct answer is choice B. Fibers
A. Laterally from the lateral pterygoid muscle
B. Anteriorly enter the capsule and disc of the
C. Posteriorly temperomandibular joint. Opening of
D. Medially the mandible involves the lateral
E. Superiorly pterygoid pulling the neck of the
condyle and joint capsule forward
toward the articular eminence. In
addition, the disc may move slightly
downward along the articular slope
(inferiorly), but this is not an answer
choice here.
DECREASE IN SIZE OF ONE OF THE

FOUR MAJOR CUSPS

distolingual cusp of the maxillary molar
As you go from maxillary first to becomes less and less prominent as
second to third molar, the MOST you go from first to second to third
significant progressive change molar. The shape of maxillary molars is
throughout the three teeth is usually rhomboid, but it may be lost
A. loss of rhomboid shape primarily in the third (but not second)
B. loss of Carabelli cusp on the third molar. The Carabelli cusp (trait) is a
molar small to medium-sized projection from
C. decrease in size of one of the four the mesiolingual cusp of the first (but
major cusps not second) molar. All three molars
D. loss of oblique ridge on the third generally have an oblique ridge
molar connecting the mesiolingual and
distobuccal cusps, although it is much
reduced in the third (but not the
second) molar. So the size of only the
distolingual cusp progressively changes
as you go from first to second to third.
4
At 9 years of age how many primary
teeth remain in the mouth? The correct answer is choice D. By nine
A. 0 years of age,the child has usually lost
B. 4 mandibular central (6-7 years),
C. 8 mandibular lateral (7-8 years),
D. 12 maxillary central (7-8 years) and
E. 18 maxillary lateral (8-9 years) incisors.
The mandibular canine (9-10 years),
first primary molar (10- 1 1 years).
second primary molar (1 1-12 years)
maxilary canine (I 1-12 years), first
primary molar (10-1 l years) and
second primary molar (10- 12 years)
still remain. This amounts to 6 upper
and 6 lower teeth.
The correct answer is choice B. On the

lingual surface of maxillary molars, the
distolingual groove extends from the
occlusal surface onto the lingual. This
separates the distolingual and
Because of the presence of a fissured mesiolingual cusps. It is often deep,
groove cavity preparations MOST and when restored often cames the
frequently need to be extended from preparation onto the lingual surface.
the occlusal surface to the The facial groove generally does not
A. facial surface of maxillary molars. extend deeply onto the facial surface
B. lingual surface of maxillary molars. so that it requires facial extension. The
C. lingual surface of mandibular lingual groove of mandibular molars
molars. tends to stay on the occlusal surface,
D. lingual surface of mandibular first and not go deeply down onto the
premolars. lingual. The lingual surface of
mandibular first premolar often has a
mesioloingual developmental groove.
It is generally short and shallow and
not commonly restored along with the
occlusal surface.
The correct answer is choice C. This

question is commonly asked on NDB. It
Calcification of six-year molars begins is the only tooth whose average
A. at 6 years beginning of calcification coincides
B. 6 months prenatal with birth. It is also the first permanent
C. at birth tooth to begin calcifying. Calcification
D. 6 months postnatal roughly, but not exactly, follows the
E. at approximately 3 years of age order of eruption. Generally, teeth
that begin to calcify first, erupt first,
but there are many exceptions to this
rule. An example of the rule, (and not
the exception) is found in molars
where the second molar begins
calcifying at about 2-3 years and the
third molar at 7-8 years. In both
arches, canines calcify before first
premolars, and first premolars calcify
before second premolars.
The correct choice is 2. The lateral

pterygoid muscle moves the condyle
forward, downward and medially. It
originates on the lateral pterygoid
plate and inserts on the neck of the
condyle and the articular disk. Choice
#1: Initial closure of the mandible is
accomplished by the masseter and
Contraction of the lateral pterygoid medial pterygoid muscles. The
muscle produces masseter originates on the zypomatic
1. initial upward closure of the arch and inserts on the outer surface
mandible. of the angle of the mandible. The
2. forward movement of the condyle medial pterygoid muscle originates on
from the articular fossa. the lateral pterygoid plate and inserts
3. posterior displacement of the on the inner surface of the angle of the
condyle from the articular eminence. mandible. Choice #3: Posterior
4. final forceful closure of the molars displacement of the condyle is
through a bolus of food. accomplished mostly by the posterior
part of the temporalis muscle. Choice
#4: Final forceful tooth closure is
mainly due to the anterior part of the
temporalis muscle. The temporalis
muscle originates on the temporal
crest of the cranium and inserts on the
coronary process and the anterior
ramus of the mandible.
During a working movement of the The correct answer is choice B. In a

mandible, the facial cusp ridges of the working movement (let's assume left
maxillary first premolar on the working working), the mandible will move left,
side oppose which of the following and the left I maxillary first premolar
mandibular structures? facial cusp, which is a non-supporting
A. The facial embrasure between the cusp, will make contact with the
canine and the first premolar mandibular facial surfaces as they
B. The distal cusp ridge of the first move past. The mandibular teeth are
premolar and the mesial cusp ridge of positioned one half tooth mesial to the
the second premolar maxillary, so the maxillary first
C. The distal cusp ridge of the second premolar should contact I both its
premolar and the mesial cusp ridge of counterpart, but also the tooth just
the first molar distal to its counterpart. Therefore,
D. The mesiofacial groove of the first both the first and second mandibular
molar. premolar facial surfaces will make
contact.
The correct choice is 3. The teeth are

in the intercuspatory position when
During nonmasticatory swallowing,
swallowing occurs. In fact, telling a
teeth are usually
patient to swallow is often a good way
1. protruded.
to get a patient into maximum
2. in a working arrangement.
intercuspation. Choice #4: Non-
3. in contact in intercuspal position.
masticatory swallowing occurs
4. None of the above. This is a
throughout the day and night, more
nonexistent act.
frequently when awake. Otherwise, a
large amount of saliva would build up.
The correct answer is choice A. This

can be reasoned by noting that there
must be bone resorption coronal to
the emerging crown to have room for
During the eruption of permanent
the crown to move into to approach
teeth, which bone processes occur?
the soft tissue (gingiva) above it. Bone
A. Both resorption and deposition
deposition is also logical but less
B. Neither resorption nor deposition
obvious. There must be bone
C. Resorption only
deposition below the roots as the
D. Deposition only
tooth moves coronally and bone
deposition around the root to fully fill
the shape of the alveolar socket
surrounding the new root.
The correct answer is choice D.
Maxillary molars have a generally
rhomboidal shape, and three major
Each of the following cusps of the
cusps forming a distinct triangular
maxillary molars is part of the
pattern, the primary cusp triangle.
maxillary molar primary cusp triangle
Note that primary here refers to
EXCEPT one. Which one is this
important, not primary. as in primary
EXCEPTION?
(deciduous) I teeth. The three major
A. Mesiofacial
cusps are the mesiobuccal,
B. Mesiolingual
mesiolingual and distobuccal. Not
C. Distofacial
included are the distolingual, which is
D. Distolingual
small, and on the first molar, the cusp
of Carabelli, which is even smaller,
when present.
The correct choice is 5. The

periodontal ligament does not
participate in the epithelial attachment
to the tooth. This is maintained by the
junctional epithelium of the gingival
Each of the following is a function of sulcus. The periodontal ligament
the periodontal ligament EXCEPT carries nerves and blood vessels, which
1. sensory. are the sensory and nutritive
2. nutritional. functions; it supports the tooth via the
3. supportive via the fibers. fibers; and has cementoblasts,
4. formative via its cellular elements. osteoblasts and fibroblasts which
5. maintenance of the epithelial make up the formative function. It has
attachment a fifth protective function to cushion
the tooth against force. To summarize
the five functions of the periodontal
ligament: 1 ) sensory, 2) nutritive, 3)
supportive, 4) formative, and 5)
protective.
Each of the following morphologic The correct answer is choice D. Incisors

structures can be seen on any incisor generally contain both mesial and
EXCEPT one. Which one is this distal marginal ridges, and a
EXCEPTION? depression between them, the lingual
A. Cingulum fossa. Incisors, as well as canines
B. Mesial marginal ridge contain a cingulum, or pronounced
C. Lingual fossa lingual bump near the cervical end of
D. Transverse ridge the crown. A transverse ridge is not
present. This can be found on the
mandibular fint premolar. It is a ridge
seen on the linguallocclusal surface of
the crown, connecting the buccal and
lingual cusps.

canines erupt, as with most other
teeth, in the order mandibular, then
maxillary. The eruption of the
maxillary is more predictable, with
Exfoliation of primary canines is most
most occurring between 11 and 12.
likely to occur during the age range
The mandibular may erupt as early as
A. 6-7
9, but normally at 10-11. Eruption
B. 8-9
times, of course, are averages and are
C. 10-11
variable. So 10-11 is our closest
D. 12-13
answer. It is extremely rare to see a
permanent canine at 8, so rule out
choice B. Likewise, the mandibular
canine is almost always erupted before
12, so rule out choice D.
From a proximal view, which of the The correct answer is choice 1. A

following describes the crown outline maxillary canine has an almost vertical
on a mandibular posterior tooth? inclination when viewed proximally.
A. It is designed to protect against root Maxillary lateral incisors, choice 2, lean
fracture by having the crown structure slightly more buccally when viewed
serve as root support. from the proximal and maxillary
B. It is designed to allow for a centrals slightly more. In actual
minimum amount of chewing degrees, the canines are 16 degrees
efficiency on the coronal surface of the off of vertical while the maxillary
tooth. laterals and centrals are 26 and 28,
C. It is usually rhomboidal and has a respectively. Do not spend time
design flaw that encourages cusp remembering the numbers. The most
fracture. vertical maxillary teeth are the first
D. It is usually trapezoidal and has a and second premolars, 5 and 6 degrees
design flaw that encourages cusp from vertical respectively. Mandibular
fracture. centrals and laterals are 22 and 23
degrees off from vertical, respectively.
The mandibular canine is more vertical
than the mandibular incisors and as in
the maxillary arch, the premolars are
most vertical. In general, the order
would be premolar, canine, incisor in
order of decreasing vertical position.
So the correct answer to question is
choice 1.
The correct answer is choice A. The

palatal root of the maxillary first molar
From the facial view, the maxillary first tends to diverge outwards in a palatal
molar has its lingual root apex in line direction, but be approximately
with which of the following? centered in the mesio-distal direction.
A. Facial groove Looking at it from the facial should
B. Distofacial line angle place it behind the facial (buccal)
C. Distofacial cusp tip groove. This groove separates the
D. Mesiofacial cusp tip mesiobuccal and distobuccal cusps.
E. Mesiodistal diameter midpoint Since the mesiobuccal cusp is larger,
this groove is slightly distal to the
mesio-distal midpoint.
From the incisal aspect, the crown of a

The correct answer is choice D. From
maxillary canine normally exhibits
the incisal, the crown of the maxillary
which of the following?
canine is somewhat rhomboidal or
A. A trapezoidal outline
diamond shaped. Its mesial portion is
B. Symmetry between its mesial and
wider bucco-lingually than its distal
distal portions
portion, and is more bulbous and
C. A mesial portion that is thinner
convex as well. The distal portion is
faciolingually than the distal portion
narrower and concave on the labial
D. A distal portion that displays some
surface, showing a depression there. In
concavity in its facial outline
all dimensions, the maxillary canine is
E. Less faciolingual thickness than the
larger than its mandibular counterpart.
crown of a mandibular canine
How many cingula exist in each arch? The correct answer is choice C. Cingula
A. 2 is the plural for cingulum, a rounded
B. 4 protuberance or elevation located on
C. 6 the lingual surfaces of anterior teeth.
D. 8 Therefore, central incisors, lateral
E. 12 incisors, and canines all have
recognizable cingula. The cingulum,
may be thought of as an undeveloped
lingual cusp. When we view premolars
in both arches, they no longer are said
to have cingula, but instead have
pronounced lingual cusps. In this case,
each arch has two central incisors, two
lateral incisors and two canines, for a
total of six teeth.
The correct answer is #3. The apex of a

How soon after eruption of a
permanent tooth is approximately
permanent tooth is the apex usually
one-half formed at the time of the
fully developed?
eruption and the root is generally
1. Immediately
completed 2 to 3 years after eruption.
2. 3 months
This fact is important when treatment
3. 2 or 3 years
planning endodontic procedures in
4. 5 or 6 years
young people.
The correct answer is choice B. The

most common arrangement of root
canals in the maxillary first molar is
If a permanent maxillary first molar three, one in each root (mesiobuccal,
has a fourth root canal, it will usually distobuccal, palatal). A 4 canaled
be found in version is fairly common. The orifice to
A. Its own fourth root the canal is located in the area
B. The mesiobuccal root between the orifice to the mesiobuccal
C. The mesiolingual root and palatal canals. The canal itself is
D. The palatal (lingual) root located in the mesiobucccal root. It is
E. It cannot be found: a maxillary first estimated that 30-40% of maxillary
molar always has three root canals first molars have this orifice, whether
or not two canals end in one foramen
or two. Endodontists often assume it
to be there until proven otherwise.
In a cervical cross section, which
maxillary first premolar may have a
premolar(s) sometimes exhibit a root
kidney shaped root outline and pulp
outline and a pulp chamber floor
outline because of the tendency of the
outline that are both kidneyshaped?
tooth to have a deep mesial root
A. Maxillary first
concavity, which will indent that side.
B. Mandibular first
The other premolars listed will have
C. Maxillary second
cross sectional root shapes at the CEJ
D. Mandibular second
varying from oval to indented on both
E. All premolars
sides, giving a figure-8 appearance.
The correct answer is choice C. Lets

look at a normal Class I relationship
In a Class II occlusal relationship, the first. The facial cusp of the mandibular
tip of the facial cusp of a mandibular first premolar is a holding cusp that
first premolar lies directly below the contacts the mesial marginal ridge of
contacting area between which the maxillary first premolar and comes
maxillary teeth? close to contacting the distal of the
A. Canine and lateral incisor maxillary canine. In a Class II
B. Canine and first premolar relationship, move the mandible
C. First and second premolars backwards (distally), and the
D. Second premolar and first molar mandibular first premolar will now be
between the first and second maxillary
premolars.

occlusal surface of the mandibular first
In a permanent mandibular first molar, molar consists of five cusps: MB, DB,
what developmental groove separates ML, DL, and distal. There are three
the distofacial cusp from the distal major pits: mesial, central, and distal.
cusp? A central groove connects the mesial
A. Facial and central pits and also separates the
B. Buccal MB and ML cusps. A mesiobuccal
C. Distofacial groove separates the MB from the DB
D. Mesiofacial cusp. A distobuccal (distofacial) groove
E. Oblique separates the DB cusp from the distal
cusp. A lingual groove separates the
ML and DL cusps.
The correct answer is choice D. In a
Class III crossbite, the mandibular
teeth are protruded beyond the
maxillary counterparts. If these
mandibular teeth are drawn in
In an acquired Class 3, crossbite
(retruded), then their lingual surfaces
relationship, as the mandible retrudes,
will contact the facial surfaces of the
the maxillary lateral incisor contacts
maxillary teeth. Since the mandibular
teeth are narrower, the mandibular
A. Central incisor
central contacts only the wider
B. Lateral incisor
maxillary central. The mandibular
C. Central and lateral incisors
lateral will contact both the distal part
D. Canine and lateral incisors
of the maxillary central and the mesial
part of the maxillary lateral. The
mandibular canine will contact the
distal part of the maxillary lateral, and
the mesial part of the maxillary canine.
The correct answer is choice B. By age

six, permanent first molars are usually
present. By age seven, the mandibular
In an eight-year-old patient, which incisors and the maxillary centrals are
teeth are expected to be present? usually in. Maxillary laterals often
A. Permanent central and lateral erupt around ages seven to eight.
incisors, premolars, and first molars, Since canines usually erupt between 9
with primary canines and 11 years, we still expect primary
B. Permanent central and lateral canines in our eight-year-old. Similarly,
incisors, and first molars, with primary for premolars, the range may be from
canines and molars 9 years up to about 12 years, so
C. Permanent central and lateral primary molars, not premolars, should
incisors, canines, and first molars, with be present in our eightyear- old. Note
primary molars that, as previously stated, the question
D. All permanent teeth, except second must choose a pretty definitive age,
and third molars such as eight. Choosing age 10 would
lead to far too much variation and
unpredictability, especially concerning
canines and premolars.
In an ideal intercuspal position, the The correct answer is choice C. The

distofacial cusp of a maxillary first facial cusps of maxillary molars are
molar opposes which feature on a guiding cusps and oppose grooves on
mandibular first molar? the facial surface of mandibular teeth.
A. The distal cusp Since the mandible is about one half
B. The distofacial cusp tooth forward of the maxilla, we look
C. The distofacial developmental for a groove one half tooth distal to
groove the distofacial area of the maxillary
D. The rnesiofaciai developmental molar. This is the groove between the
groove distobuccal and distal cusp of the
mandibular molar.
The correct answer is choice B.

In an ideal intercuspal relation in a
Maxillary posterior teeth generally
normal dentition, each of the following
contact their own counterpart in the
teeth contacts each other EXCEPT one.
mandibular arch, and the tooth just
Which one is this EXCEPTION?
distal to it. Maxillary first premolars
A. Maxillary first premolar and
contact mandibular first and second
premolars. Maxillary first molars
B. Maxillary first molar and mandibular
second premolar
molars. Maxillary second premolars
C. Maxillary second premolar and
contact mandibular second premolars
mandibular first molar
and first molars. Maxillary second
D. Maxillary second molar and
molars contact mandibular second
mandibular third molar
molars and third molars.
The answer is choice E. Facial cusps of

In an ideal intercuspal relation, the mandibular teeth are supporting cusps
mesiofacial cusps of the mandibular and occlude on marginal ridges of the
second molars contact the maxillary maxillary teeth except for the
molars in (on) the distobuccal cusp of the molars which
A. distal fossae of the second. occludes with the central fossa of the
B. central fossae of the second. maxillary molars and the distal cusp of
C. lingual embrasures between the the mandibular first molar which
first and second. occludes with the distal triangular
D. facial embrasures between the first fossa of the first maxilary molar. So the
and second. mesiofacial cusp of the mandibular
E. mesial marginal ridges of the second molar should contact the distal
second. marginal ridge of the maxillary first
molar and mesial marginal ridge of the
maxillary second molar.
In an ideal intercuspal relation, the

mesiolingual cusp of the maxillary first
reminds us of our general rule:
molar contacts the mandibular first
maxillary posterior cusps make contact
molar in (on) the
on mandibular marginal ridges EXCEPT
A. central fossa.
for the mesiolingual cusps of the
B. distal fossa.
C. mesial fossa.
which occlude in the central fossae of
D. mesial marginal ridge.
the corresponding mandibular teeth.
E. distal marginal ridge.

The correct answer is choice D. The
oblique ridge of the maxillary first
distolingual cusp of the maxillary first
molar opposes which structure of the
molar occludes with the mesial
mandibular molar?
marginal ridge of the second molar
A. The interproximal area between
and the distal marginal ridge of the
first and second
first molar. Therefore, the oblique
B. The developmental groove between
ridge, which is slightly mesial to the
the mesiofacial and distofacial cusps of
distolingual cusp of the maxillary first,
the first
should occlude with something slightly
C. The developmental groove between
mesial to the area just mentioned. This
the mesiolingual and distolingual cusps
would be the area between the distal
of the first
cusp and distobuccal cusp of the first
D. The developmental groove between
molar. This is the distobuccal groove
the distofacial and distal cusps of the
area.
first

Maxillary LINGUAL cusps and
In an ideal occlusion, maxillary mandibular buccal cusps are holding
posterior tooth buccal cusps oppose (support) cusps, whereas maxillary
A. marginal ridges only BUCCAL cusps and mandibular lingual
B. marginal ridges and fossae cusps are guiding cusps. Therefore, the
C. grooves and embrasures maxillary buccal cusps lie slightly
D. grooves and marginal ridges buccal to the mandibular buccal cusps
and will fit into grooves and
embrasures, such as the buccal
grooves of mandibular molars. These
guiding cusps have a function only
during horizontal mandibular
movements.
The correct choice is #5, a plus or cross

shape. The permanent mandibular
In carving an occlusal amalgam
second molar generally has four cusps
restoration in a permanent mandibular
with a cross groove pattern. Choices
second molar, which of the following
#1 and 3: H and U shapes are not
shapes is the most typical groove
common groove patterns, although
pattern?
the mandibular second premolar may
1. H
exhibit these patterns as variations.
2. L
Choice #2: An L-shaped groove pattern
3. U
is typical of the mesial occlusal grooves
4. Y
of the maxillary molars. Choice #4: A Y-
5. +
shaped groove pattern is characteristic
of the mandibular second premolar.
The correct answer is choice C. In cross

section mandibular canine roots are
In cervical cross-section, the root of a
roughly oval. They are longer bucco-
mandibular canine is described as
lingually. and narrower mesio-distally.
A. triangular.
They are slightly wider towards the
B. roughly conical.
buccal. The pulp canal tends to be
C. flattened in a mesiodistal direction.
ovalish as well. Maxillary canine root
D. broader mesiodistally on the lingual
sections tend to be more similar, and
than on the facial.
slightly more elongated in the bucco-
lingual direction.
The correct answer is choice E. In

In contrast to maxillary canine crowns,
general, when comparing maxillary
mandibular canine crowns have which
and mandibular canines you will find
of the following anatomically?
that the mandibular canines are
A. Greater measurements,
smaller (mesio-distally AND bucco-
mesiodistally
lingually), they lack lingual pits,
B. Greater measurements,
(maxillary canines have them as rare
faciolingually
variants) have smaller cingula, and less
C. More accentuated marginal ridges
pronounced marginal ridges.
D. Well-defined lingual pits
Mandibular canines are more
E. Less-pronounced cingula symmetrical when viewed from the
occlusal.

choice of direction of movement used
by the dentist in extracting a tooth
depends greatly on the likely root form
of the tooth involved. Teeth with
circular or conical shaped roots can
easily be rotated during extraction. To
a lesser extent, a slightly oval shaped
root could also be rotated during
In extraction of premolars, the dentist
extraction. Multi-rooted teeth and
may sometimes use a rotation or
teeth with extremely broad, flat, fused
circular motion. Which premolar
roots cannot be rotated without
should NEVER be extracted with this
fracture of the root or crown. While
type of motion?
there is much variation in root form
A. Maxillary first
among the premolars, the maxillary
B. Maxillary second
first premolar almost invariably has
C. Mandibular first
two roots, a buccal and lingual, and
whether fused or not, will not rotate
without breaking. Maxillary seconds
can have two roots but usually do not
and the one root can be conical.
Similarly, both mandibular premolars
are usually single rooted and
potentially can be rotated out. Of the
two, the mandibular first premolar is
more likely to have a second root.
In normal occlusion, and in a left The correct answer is choice D. The

working movement, the mesiofacial mesiofacial cusp of the maxillary
cusp of the maxillary left second molar second molar is a guiding cusp. It will
passes through which of the following pass through an area on the facial
mandibular structures? surface of a mandibular tooth. Since
A. The embrasure between the left the mandible is about one half tooth
first and second premolars forward relative to the maxilla, look for
B. The embrasure between the left a surface on the mandibular second
first and second molars molar facial area, slightly distal to the
C. The facial groove of the left first area of the mesiobuccal cusp. This is
molar the facial groove of the second molar.
D. The facial groove of the left second
molar
E. The distofacial groove of the left
first molar

Remember that the mandibular teeth
In protrusive movement, the are located about one half tooth
mandibular canines in a Class II mesial to the corresponding maxillary
occlusal relationship articulate with teeth. So although they are not
which of the following maxillary teeth? normally in contact in centric
A. Canines only occlusion, the mandibular canine is
B. Lateral incisors only located in the area of the mesial half of
C. Canines and lateral incisors the mandibular canine and the distal
D. Canines and first premolars half of the lateral incisor. When the
mandible protrudes, the teeth will
contact in that position.
The correct answer is choice A.

Although there is some variation in
eruption times, the most usual order
of eruption in the maxillary arch is first
premolar, second premolar, canine. In
the mandibular arch it is most often
canine, first premolar, second
In relation to maxillary canines,
premolar. The mandibular version
maxillary first premolars usually erupt:
generally erupts before the maxillary.
A. before canines
Two year ranges for the teeth in
B. after canines
question are: maxillary first premolar
C. at nearly the same time as canines
(10-11), maxillary second premolar
(10-11), maxillary canine (11 -12),
mandibular first premolar (10-11),
mandibular second premolar (11-12),
mandibular canine (9-10). The
maxillary arch is generally more
predictable than the mandibular.
The correct answer is choice D. Most
maxillary molars have a rhomboidal
In the comparison of the rhomboidal occlusal crown outline due to the
and heart-shaped crown outlines of presence of four cusps. As one of the
maxillary molars, the crown portion cusps, the distolingual, becomes less
that differs MOST in contour and size prominent, or absent, the occlusal
is the outline changes and becomes more
A. mesiofacial. heart shaped. The smaller distolingual
B. distofacial. cusp is sometimes a variety of tooth
C. mesiolingual. form, and is more common as you go
D. distolingual. from first to second to third molar. The
third molar most commonly has this
heart shaped form.
The correct choice is #4. On the

diagram of [Posselt's] envelope of
In the diagram of Posselt's envelope of motion, the intercuspal position is the
motion, maximum intercuspal position most superior point labelled #3 on the
is the diagram. Choice #1: The lowest point is
1. lowest point. #8 which is the position of maximum
2. most anterior point. opening. Choice #2: The most anterior
3. most posterior point. point is #1, the maximum protruded
4. most superior point. position. Choice #3: The most
posterior point is #4, the retruded
contact position.
The correct choice is 2. The triangular

ridges of the mesiobuccal and
In which of the following molars is the mesiolingual cusps of the mandibular
mesial fossa most distinctly separated first molar join to form a transverse
from the remainder of the occlusal ridge which separates the mesial fossa
table by a transverse ridge? from the rest of the occlusal table. This
1. Maxillary first transverse ridge is not quite as
2. Mandibular first prominent in the mandibular second
3. Maxillary second molar which is choice #4. Choices #1
4. Mandibular second and 3: In the maxillary molars, the
central fossa is separated from the
distal fossa by the oblique ridge
running from mesiolingual to
distobuccal cusps.

Transverse ridges are most noticeable
in two teeth, the permanent
mandibular first premolar, and the
In which of the following teeth is the
primary first mandibular molar. A
mesial portion MOST distinctly
transverse ridge connects buccal and
separated from the remainder of the
lingual sections of a tooth and
occlusal table by a transverse ridge?
separates mesial and distal. In the
A. Primary maxillary first molar
primary mandibular first molar, the
B. Primary mandibular first molar
transverse ridge connects the large
C. Primary mandibular second molar
mesiobuccal and mesiolingual cusps.
D. Mandibular second premolar
This structure is more common and
E. Mandibular first molar
more noticeable on the primary first
molar than on the permanent first
premolar. The other teeth listed do not
have transverse ridges.

Bennett movement involves whole
body movement of the mandible in a
lateral direction. Lets use process of
Mandibular lateral translation elimination for our answers. In lateral
(Bennett movement) occurs during the movement, both rotation and
A. earliest stage of lateral movement. translation occur. Translation occurs
B. latter stage of protrusive particularly on the working side of the
movement. TMJ, in combination with some
C. middle stage of retrusive rotation, primarily rotation around a
movement. vertical axis. The translation
D. hinge axis movement of the component is known as the Bennett
mandible. shift, and is a whole body shift of the
E. ending stage of exhibiting a border working side of the mandible of about
movement. 1 mm laterally. Protrusive movement
is primarily translation caused by the
lateral pterygoid muscle, but forward
and not lateral. Similarly. retrusive
movement is translation backwards,
not laterally, and is caused primarily by
the temporalis muscle. Hinge axis
movement of I the mandible refers to
opening. The beginning of opening is
rotational around a horizontal axis
through the TMJ. Later siages of
opening involve translation, to the
maximal opening possible.

most well known mesial concavity on
both crown and root is on the mesial
of the maxillary first premolar. So we
Maxillary tooth crowns exhibit
are most likely going to choose
concavities on which of the following
between choices A and D. The central
surfaces?
incisor does not have a mesial crown
A. The mesial of central incisor and
concavity, although a root groove may
first premolar
be present. Likewise, the canine often
B. The mesial of canine and first molar
has proximal root concavities that do
C. The distal of first premolar and the
not extend to the crown. Second
mesial surface of second molar
premolars and distals of first
D. The mesial of first premolar and the
premolars also may have this trait, but
distal of first molar
again, it does not extend to the crown.
E. The distal of the first molar and the
The cervical third of the mesial surface
mesial of the second molar
of the first molar sometimes exhibits a
concavity not found normally on the
second molar, or on the distal of the
first, which is usually quite convex.
The correct answer is choice 3. Mesial

inclination of lingual cusps is present
Mesial inclination of lingual cusps is on both maxillary premolars. This
present in which maxillary premolars? means that when viewed from the
1. First premolars only lingual, the lingual cusp tends to lean
2. Second premolars only towards the mesial and most of the
3. Both first and second premolars lingual cusp is mesial to the midline. t
4. Neither first nor second premolars It is a characteristic of the maxillary
premolars and not consistently found
in either the mandibular first or second
premolar. In the mandibular first
premolar, the lingual cusp may be
midline or mesial or distal to the
midline. In the mandibular second
premolar, often gd two lingual cusps
are present. So the correct answer to
question is choice 3.

Mesiolingual grooves can be found on Mandibular first premolars often have
which of the following permanent a mesiolingual developmental groove
teeth? which begins on the occlusal and
A. Maxillary canines extends down the mesiolingual
B. Mandibular first premolars surface. Maxillary first molars have
C. Maxillary first molars distolingual grooves but not
D. Mandibular second molars mesiolingual. Mandibular molars have
lingual grooves.
posterior to centric occlusion or

maximum intercuspation. It also
represents a position where the
condylar head is located closer to the
distal section of the glenoid fossa.
Because retruded contact implies that
the teeth are not in complete
Moving the mandible from a maximum occlusion which is the greatest
intercuspal position to a retruded intercuspation and smallest vertical
contact position usually results in dimension, they are therefore slightly
1. increased occlusal vertical farther apart with a greater vertical
dimension. dimension. If the mandible moves
2. increased horizontal overlap. posteriorly, there will be greater
3. decreased vertical overlap. distance from the mandibular
4. all of these. anteriors to the maxillary anteriors or
slightly increased horizontal overlap. If
the teeth are slightly more separated
vertically, there will be less vertical
overhang of the maxillary anteriors
over the mandibular. So all three
choices, 1.2 and 3 are all correct and
the correct answer to question is
choice 4.
On a maxillary molar, which of the

following ridges is formed by the union
of the distal cusp ridge of the
oblique ridge is found on maxillary
mesiolingual cusp and the triangular
molars. It connects the distobuccal and
ridge of the distofacial cusp?
mesiolingual cusps. It also separates
A. Cuspal
the distolingual cusp from the main
B. Central
cusp triangle of the molar. Just distal
C. Marginal
to it is the distolingual groove.
D. Oblique
E. Transverse
On the crowns of maxillary canines, The correct answer is choice E. The

which lobe includes the cusp tip? maxillary canine is often described as
A. Mesiolingual having three facial lobes, mesial, distal
B. Distofacial and middlc The cusp tip is located
C. Mesiofacial almost centrally. on the middle lobe,
D. Lingual slightly to the mesial of center. The
E. Middle facial lingual lobe contains the cingulum.
The correct answer is choice E. The

maxillary first molar has three pits, the
On the occlusal surface of a maxillary mesial, distal and central. The
first molar, the total number of pits is maxillary first premolar generally has
normally the same as found on the two, a mesial and a distal, as does the
occlusal surface of which premolar? maxillary second. The mandibular first
A. Maxillary first generally has the same two. The U
B. Mandibular first type mandibular second premolar is
C. Maxillary second the two cusped type, with the same
D. U-type mandibular second two pits. However, the Y type is the
E. Y-type mandibular second three cusped type, which contains a
central pit in addition to the mesial
and distal.
Perikymata are the result of The correct answer is choice 4.

1. enamel hyperplasia. Perikymata are normal enamel
2. enamel hypoplasia. features. Line of Retzius which form
3. interstitial growth. early in enamel formation complete an
4. normal enamel apposition. arc of enamel and return to the
5. early ameloblastic degeneration. dentinal enamel junction. Later lines of
Retzius do not complete an arc-like
pattern and terminate on the enamel
surface. They form a series of grooves
and elevations at the enamel surface.
The grooves are known as imbrication
lines and the elevations are known as
perikymata. So the correct answer to
The correct answer is choice 4. Let's

review them one by one. Primary
molars generally have lighter, thinner
root trunks. The roots are smaller due
to the smaller size of the tooth and the
widespread position of the roots to
surround the developing crown of the
succedaneous tooth. So choice 1 is
Primary molars differ from permanent
incorrect. Choice 2 is also incorrect. A
molars in that primary molars
number of primary molars have
1. have heavier root trunks.
pronounced cervical ridges, including
2. tend to have less pronounced
the primary maxillary first molar and
cervical ridges.
primary mandibular first molar. Choice
3. have thicker enamel compared to
3 is incorrect. Primary teeth are
the total bulk of crowns.
generally characterized by thinner
4. have flatter facial and lingual
enamel. Choice 4 is our correct
surfaces extending from the occlusal
answer. The facial and lingual outline
to the cervical ridge.
of the primary molars are usually
straight from the occlusal surface to
cervical ridge and then bulbous at the
cervical ridge. The permanent molars
facial and lingual surfaces tend to be
more completely and regularly convex
without a straight surface. So the
correct answer to question is choice 4.
Prominent cervical ridges or bulges are The correct answer is choice D.

noted on which surfaces of primary Prominent cervical ridges are
teeth? characteristic of certain primary teeth.
A. Linguals of molars and buccals of There is a constriction of the tooth at
incisors the cervical line, giving a bulge or ridge
B. Buccals and linguals of molars and effect immediately incisal to the CEJ.
buccals of incisors These cervical ridges are found on the
C. Linguals of incisors and buccals of buccal and lingual of primary anteriors,
molars and the buccal only of molars. In
D. Buccals and linguals of incisors and molars, the cervical ridge makes the
buccals of molars occlusal table look constricted as the
E. Buccals of molars and buccals of tooth is viewed from the occlusal.
incisors

masseter and medial pterygoid act
Protrusive movement is produced primarily to close (elevate) the
primarily because of contracture of mandible. They form the "masseteric
which of the following muscles? sling". The temporalis can both elevate
A. Masseter and retract the mandible, depending
B. Mylohyoid on which fibers are contracted. The
C. Temporalis mylohyoid can play a very small role as
D. Medial pterygoid an accessory in opening (depressing)
E. Lateral pterygoid the mandible. The lateral pterygoid is
the primary protruder and opener
(depresser) of the mandible.
The correct answer is choice A. Root

concavities are grooves running
vertically along the proximal side of a
The anterior tooth LEAST likely to have root. They may be shallow or deep,
a mesial or distal root concavity is the: and if deep, may make the teeth
A. Maxillary central incisor appear double rooted. All of the
B. Maxillary canine mandibular anteriors can have this
C. Mandibular canine groove. It can be especially deep in
D. Mandibular central incisor mandibular canines, approaching a
E. Mandibular lateral incisor double-rooted appearance. It is also
common in maxillary canines, although
rarely as deep. It is almost never found
on maxillary central incisors, whose
root form is usually roundish,
triangular and convex.

pterygomandibular raphe joins the
buccinator and superior constrictor
The apices of a mandibular second muscles. It is anterior and superior to
molar are located the second mandibular molars. The
A. posteriorly to the mylohyoid line is the attachment of
pterygomandibular raphe. the mylohyoid on the medial side of
B. inferiorly to the mylohyoid muscle the mandible. It moves in an upward
insertion. slanting direction, getting higher on
C. inferiorly to the masseter muscle the mandible as you move more
insertion. posterior. By the second 1 and third
D. inferiorly to the medial pterygoid molar area, it is superior to the molar
muscle insertion. root apices. Both the masseter and
medial pterygoid insert on the angle
and ramus, below the second molar
root apices.

review the terminology of lateral or
The Bennett movement is best working movements. The side to which
described as the the mandible moves is known as the
1. medial shift of the working condyle. working side and the condyle of that
2. lateral movement of the non- side is the working condyle. The
working condyle. opposite side is known as the
3. bodily shift of the mandible in the nonworking or balancing side. The
direction of the working condyle. working condyle exhibits a small
4. bodily shift of the mandible in the sliding lateral movement during lateral
direction of the non-working condyle. excursions and this is known as the
Bennett movement. So the correct
answer to question is choice 3.
The cemental union of two fully The correct answer is choice 2. Let's
formed teeth that were originally define the five terms. Choice 1, fusion,
separate entities is is incorrect. Fusion is the result of two
1. fusion. adjacent teeth joined by a union of
2. concrescence. dentin. The result is a large crown or
3. dilaceration. double crown with two distinct root
4. dens in dente. canals. Choice 2 is correct.
5. hypercementosis. Concrescence is the joining of roots of
two teeth by cementum. This usually
occurs after the teeth are formed and
have most implications in terms of the
difficulty of extraction. Choice 3 is
incorrect. Dilaceration of a root refers
to a sharp angular deviation of the
root from its normal long axis. Choice 4
is incorrect. Dens in dente refers to an
inpocketing of the enamel organ into
the pulp during tooth formation
resulting in an enamel lined pit. This is
most commonly found in the maxillary
lateral incisor. Choice 5 is incorrect.
Hyprcementosis refers to excess
cementum development near the apex
of the root but not involving union of
the teeth. So the correct answer to
The correct answer is choice C. At this

The concept of using a lateral stage (pre-prosthodontics), we can
checkbite record to set a respective ignore the discussion of the lateral
condylar inclination implies which of checkbite and just look to see which of
the following? our answer choices are true. In a
A. That the non-working side condyle working (lateral) movement, the
has traveled against the posterior wall mandible moves toward the working
of the fossa side. The condyle rotates and
B. That the working side condyle has translates on the working side, and
traveled down the slope of the moves slightly laterally (Eliminate
articular eminence choice D). The condyle will only travel
C. That the non-working side condyle down the slope of the articular
has moved anteriorly and medially eminence during the translation phase
D. That the working side condyle has of opening (depression). (Eliminate
moved toward the medial wall of the choice B). During a working
glenoid fossa movement, the non-working condyle
moves forward and medially, not
posteriorly (Eliminate choice A).

review the functions of the lateral
pterygoid. This muscle extends from
the pterygoid plate to the neck and
condyle of the mandible and also
contributes fibers to the articular disk.
Its function is to depress or open the
mandible, to move the mandible
sideways in working movements, and
The contraction of the lateral
to protrude the mandible or cause the
pterygoid muscle causes
mandible to move forward. When this
1. the initial upward closure of the
occurs, the condyle moves anteriorly
mandible.
from its place in the articular or
2. forward movement of the condyle
glenoid fossa. So choice 2 is correct.
from the articular fossa.
Choices 1 and 4 are incorrect because
3. posterior displacement of the
they deal with closure or elevation of
condyle from the articular eminence.
the mandible. The lateral pterygoid
4. the final forceful closure of the
does not elevate. The chief elevator
molars through a bolus of food.
muscles are the masseter, medial
pterygoid and to some extent the
temporalis. Choice 3 is incorrect
because it involves backward posterior
movement or retrusion. The lateral
pterygoid is involved in protrusion
while the chief retruder muscle is the
temporalis. So the correct answer to
The dentist instructs the patient, who The correct answer is choice A. As a
has a severed left lateral pterygoid rule, the mandible will move TOWARD
muscle, to open wide. The patient's the injured side. Imagine both lateral
mandible will move in which direction? pterygoids ; contracting and
A. To the left attempting to pull both condyles
B. To the right forward. However, only the right side
C. In a straight protrusive direction can move. The right side of the
D. In a retrusive direction mandible will move forward and
medially as the left condyle stays in
the same position. The mandible
essentially rotates left instead of
protruding or opening.
The correct choice is 3. The narrowest

The facial masticatory mucosa zones of attached gingiva are located
(attached gingiva) is narrowest on at the mandibular and maxillary first
which mandibular tooth? premolars. Choice #4: The widest
1. First molar zones of attached gingiva are found in
2. Second molar the maxillary and mandibular incisor
3. First premolar regions. Of course, these facts are only
4. Central incisor true in a normally aligned,
periodontally healthy dentition.
The glenoid fossa is an oval cavity or a

depression in the The correct choice is 2. The glenoid or
1. maxilla, just anterior to the malar articular fossa is located in the
process. temporal bone just anterior to the
2. temporal bone, just anterior to the auditory canal. It is the depression into
auditory canal. which the mandibular condyle fits to
3. mandible, just posterior to the form the temporomandibular joint.
internal oblique ridge.
The correct answer is choice 4. The

free gingiva when healthy and not
The healthy free gingiva aids in the inflamed forms a snug fitting soft
selfcleansing process by tissue collar around the tooth. It
1. directing food particles toward the prevents food and debris from
occlusal surface. entering the sulcus. It cannot direct
2. forcing particles away from the food to the occlusal surface, choice 1.
proximal space. This is done partially by the cheeks and
3. deflecting particles away from the tongue. Choices 2 and 3 are also
free gingiva onto the interdental incorrect. Gingiva cannot force food
papillae. particles in any direction as it is not a
4. adhering closely to the tooth surface movable tissue. So it does not force
below the height of contour of the food either into the interproximal area
cervical enamel. or away from it. Note also that forcing
food interproximally would not aid the
self cleansing process but instead
would make self cleansing more
difficult. So the correct answer to
The correct answer is choice C. Small

incisal embrasures are noted between
incisors (choice A and B) due to the
high contact areas and right angle-type
The largest incisal/occlusal embrasure
line angles at the mesio-incisal and
is located between which of the
disto-incisal. The low contact between
following teeth?
the lateral incisor (middle third) and
A. Maxillary central and lateral incisors
canine (junction of incisal and middle
B. Mandibular central and lateral
third) makes for a large incisal
incisors
embrasure there. We do not find a
C. Maxillary lateral incisor and canine
large embrasure on the mandibular
D. Mandibular lateral incisor and
counterparts because of the higher
canine
contact area of the incisor and canine
E. Maxillary canine and first premolar
in that arch (incisal third on both
teeth). Likewise, the contact of the
maxillary first premolar (on the mesial)
is high (incisal third).
The lingual cusp(s) on which of the

following mandibular posterior teeth is
mandibular tooth which has the most
(are) approximately 2/3 the height of
noticeable size difference between its
the respective facial cusp(s)?
buccal and lingual cusps is the
A. First premolar
mandibular first premolar. The tooth is
B. Second premolar
very canine-like in form and unlike the
C. First molar
three other premolars which have
D. Second molar
buccal and lingual cusps of similar size.
E. Third molar
The lingual cusps of a mandibular first The correct answer is choice 2. Lingual
molar must be restored to cusps of mandibular molars are
accommodate nonsupport cusps. The supporting
1. centric relation. cusps, the buccal cusps of mandibular
2. working movement. teeth and lingual cusps of maxillary
3. non-working movement. teeth are involved in both centric
4. protrusive position. occlusion or maximum intercuspation.
5. maximum intercuspation. choice 5. and centric relation or
retruded contact. choice 1 .
Nonsupport cusps, such as mandibular
linguals, are not involved. They will be
involved in working movements.
choice 2. For example, in a left working
movement, the mandible shifts left
and the lingual cusps of the left
mandibular teeth will be involved in
chewing. On the nonworking side, the
right side in this case, the lingual cusp
moves left away from contact and are
not involved. So choice 3 is incorrect.
Choice 4 is incorrect. In protrusive
movements anterior teeth contact
while posterior teeth separate. Lingual
cusps of mandibular teeth are not
involved. So the correct answer to
question is choice 2 .
The correct answer is choice C. Cortical

bone refers to the outer layer of
compact bone (usually with Haversian
systems). Inner bone is usually spongy,
with spicules of bone surrounded by
The most external layer of alveolar marrow, and the spongy bone is not
bone is the: organized into Haversian systems. The
A. Spongy bone term bundle bone refers to cortical
B. Spicule bone bone with embedded collagen fibers,
C. Cortical bone as in the periodontal ligament. Woven
D. Woven bone bone refers to early stages of bone
E. Cribriform plate formation by the intramembranous
method. Remember that bone is
formed intramembranously on a
primitive connective tissue model, or
through bony replacement of a
cartilagenous model.
The most symmetrical primary tooth, The correct answer is choice C. The
when viewed from the labial or lingual, most symmetrical primary tooth, when
is the: viewed from the labial or lingual is the
A. Maxillary central mandibular central incisor. The incisal
B. Maxillary lateral edge is straight and horizontal. The
C. Mandibular central mesio-incisal and disto-incisal angles
D. Mandibular lateral are close to 90 degrees. In the
mandibular lateral, the body of the
crown is slightly rotated, and the
incisal edge tilts downward distally.
The maxillary central incisor has a
decidedly rounded disto-incisal angle,
as opposed to the sharp mesio-incisal
angle. This characteristic is even more
pronounced in the maxillary lateral, so
both of these teeth are not
symmetrical in a labial or lingual view.
The correct answer is choice E.

The parotid duct is called
Stensen's duct empties the parotid
A. Stensen's duct, and empties near
gland into the buccal vestibule near
the maxillary second premolar
the location of the buccal side of the
B. Wharton's duct and empties
maxillary second molar. Wharton's
through the floor of the mouth
duct empties the submandibular gland,
C. Wharton's duct and empties near
and some secretions from the
the maxillary second molars
sublingual gland, into the floor of the
D. Stensen's duct and empties near the
mouth underneath the tongue. The
mandibular second molars
sublingual gland empties into the floor
E. Stensen's duct and empties near the
of the mouth through a series of
maxillary second molars
openings in the plica sublingualis.
C. Collagenous
The periodontal ligament fibers are
primarily composed of which of the
following connective tissues? The correct answer is choice C. The
A. Hyaline periodontal ligament fibers are
B. Elastic primarily composed of collagen.
C. Collagenous Hyaline cartilage is found on bone joint
D. Fibrocartilagenous surfaces, in the trachea and nose,
elastic connective tissue can be found
in walls of arteries, and
fibrocartilagenous tissue in many areas
of the body. The collagen fibers of the
periodontal ligament (known as
principal fibers) connect the
cementum of the tooth root to the
alveolar bone.
4. mandibular second.
The correct choice is 4. The mandibular

second premolar typically has a Y-
shaped groove pattern with mesial,
distal and lingual grooves intersecting
in a single central pit. The incorrect
The premolar that most frequently has choices:
a single central pit is the Choice #I : The maxillary first pre-
1. maxillary first. molar usually does not have a central
2. maxillary second. pit, but a central groove with mesial
3. mandibular first. and distal pits at each end. This is also
4. mandibular second. true of choice #2, the maxillary second
premolar, although a variation of the
occlusal surface may be seen where
the typical groove pit pattern is
replaced by a single central pit. Choice
#3: The mandibular first premolar
typicaily has mesial and distal pits
separated by the transverse ridge
joining the buccal and lingual cusps.
3. 10 and 11 years.
The primary maxillary canine is usually
exfoliated between the ages of
1. 6 and 7 years. The correct answer is choice 3. Primary
2. 8 and 9 years. maxillary canines are usually exfoliated
3. 10 and 11 years. between ages 10 and 11. Let's review
4. 12 and 13 years. exfoliation of other primary teeth.
Primary central incisors are generally
lost at approximately age 6 for
mandibulars and age 7 for maxillaries.
Laterals are lost at approximately 7 for
mandibular and 8 for maxillaries.
Canines are lost at about 10 for
mandibular and 11 for maxillary. First
molars are lost at approximately 10 for
both arches and second molars at
approximately 11 for both arches. As a
general rule, mandibular teeth are lost
first although they are at
approximately the same time for the
molars. So the correct answer to
C. Mandibular first molar

Prominent cervical ridges or bulges are
noted on which surfaces of primary
teeth?
primary mandibular first molar has the
A. Maxillary first molar
most prominent buccal cervical ridge.
B. Maxillary second molar
The "pot belly" is most visible as the
tooth is viewed from the mesial side. It
D. Mandibular second molar
is also seen prominently on occlusal
view as a bulge on the mesial-buccal.
D. Dentin formation
The primary purpose of dental pulp is: The correct answer is choice D. The
A. Sensation odontoblasts, present in the outer
B. Proprioception layer of the pulp tissue, produce
C. Enamel formation dentin. Dentin is the primary structural
D. Dentin formation material of teeth, and attaches to both
E. Inflammatory response other dental tissues, cementum and
enamel. No pulp means no dentin, and
no dentin means no teeth! Some of
the other functions listed are
secondary. Sensation, in particular of
pain, is a protective function, and can
help prevent people from doing
damage to the teeth. Proprioception,
in general, is viewed as a protective
response. Pulp can possibly be viewed
as having a slight proprioceptive
function. Proprioception is defined as
the sense of position or space of a
body part. Jaw position is determined
partially by sensation of tooth contact,
which is felt through the periodontal
ligament, and to a lesser extent,
through the pulp. This would hardly be
the major function of pulp tissue.
Enamel is formed by ameloblasts, not
odontoblasts. Ameloblasts are never
located in the pulp. Inflammatory
response in the tooth pulp is brief and
destructive, due to the confined space
inside the pulp cavity. Little repair can
occur through inflammation, and
prolonged inflammation usually leads
to pulpal necrosis. So inflammation is
certainly not a major function of the
pulp.
4. reduced interproximal embrasure

spaces.
The proximal contact of posterior
teeth creates wear patterns that
eventually cause The correct answer is choice 4. Slow
1. gingival recession. gradual wear occurs interproximally at
2. increased length of clinical crowns. the contact point of adjacent posterior
3. decreased length of anatomic teeth. As this occurs over a lifetime,
crowns. the mesiodistal width of the teeth
4. reduced interproximal embrasure become slightly less. The teeth
spaces. become closer and the interproximal
embrasure space becomes narrower.
Choice 1 is incorrect because
interproximal wear on teeth would not
have a direct impact on gingival
recession. Gingival recession is often
related to periodontal disease andlor
traumatic abrasion of the gingiva.
Choices 2 and 3 are incorrect. Wear
between teeth on the mesial and distal
directions will not cause changes in
occlusal or cervical height. As a
reminder, anatomic crown is defined
as the area of the tooth above the
cementoenamel junction while clinical
crown is that area of the tooth visible
in the mouth above the gingival
margin. Anyway, the correct answer to
3. permanent maxillary first molar.
The correct answer is choice 3.

Maxillary first molar roots are most in
danger of entering the maxillary sinus.
In general, the three teeth in the
The root tip most likely to be forced
vicinity of the sinus are the second
into the maxillary sinus during surgical
premolar. first molar and second
removal is that of a
molar. The first molar root is more
1. maxillary first premolar.
likely to enter the sinus than roots of
2. permanent maxillary canine.
the other two teeth. Choices 1. 2 and 4
are all incorrect because they are not
4. permanent maxillary central incisor.
normally located near the sinus.
5. primary maxillary second molar at
Choice 5 is incorrect because a primary
age 12.
maxillary second molar which will be
replaced by a permanent second
premolar. It usually exfoliates by age
17 and if not exfoliated will certainly
have most of its root resorbed by that
age. So the correct answer to question
is choice 3.
A. central incisor.

maxillary sinus is a membrane lined air
space found in the maxilla. The tooth
The root tip MOST likely to be forced nearest to the sinus in most people is
into the maxillary sinus during surgical the maxillary first molar. During
removal is that of a maxillary extractions, a root of this tooth can
A. central incisor. sometimes be accidentally forced into
B. canine. the sinus through thin bone or
C. first premolar. membrane. Although a majority of
D. first molar. tooth roots forced into the sinus are
from the first molar, a small number
are from the second molar, and an
even smaller number from the second
premolar. The other teeth listed are
too far anterior.
E. the growth of the dental arches.
The correct answer is choice E. Spacing

is common in the primary dentition.
Remember that the maxilla and
The spacing between anterior teeth in mandible must both grow sufficiently
a 5-year-old child is MOST frequently to contain the larger size of the
caused by permanent dentition, as compared to
A. the presence of an excessive the smaller primary dentition. The
maxillary anterior frenum. other choices listed CAN cause
B. the pressure from succedaneous spacing. An excessive anterior frenum
teeth. can prevent the maxillary anteriors
C. thumb-sucking. from contacting. The pressure from
D. tongue thrusting. permanent teeth erupting may move
E. the growth of the dental arches. the primary teeth at various angles.
Thumb sucking and tongue thrust can
also move anterior teeth apart.
However the MOST COMMON cause is
normal arch growth to accommodate
the permanent teeth.
3. the growth of the dental arches.
The correct answer is choice 3. Spacing

between primary teeth and lack of
contact between them is a natural,
normal condition and not due to any
parafunctional habits such as thumb
sucking or tongue thrusting. So choices
1 and 2 are incorrect. As the arches
the primary dentition is most
grow in the child, the previously
frequently caused by
positioned anterior teeth will become
1. thumb-sucking.
farther apart and additional needed
2. tongue thrusting.
space for the wider permanent teeth
will be provided. So choice 3 is correct.
4. the pressure from succedaneous
Choice 4 is incorrect. Succedaneous
teeth.
teeth are those permanent teeth
which will eventually replace primary
teeth. They include the incisors,
canines and premolars. However, they
do not pressure the primary dentition
in any way which causes spaces
between primary teeth. So the correct
C. articular disk

articular disk is the piece of fibrous
The tissue found above the condylar connective tissue that acts as a
head and below the articular fossa of cushion between the condylar head
the TMJ is called the and the articular (glenoid) fossa of the
A. acapsule temporal bone. It also separates the
B. temporomandibular ligament upper and lower compartments of the
C. articular disk joint. The articular capsule is the
D. sphenomandibular ligament fibrous connective tissue structure
E. lateral pterygoid muscle that surrounds the entire joint
structure. The temperomandibular
ligament, also known as the lateral
ligament, connects the capsule to the
zygoma and neck of the mandible. The
sphenomandibular ligament connects
the sphenoid bone to the lingual and
ramus of the mandible, whereas the
stylomandibular ligament connects the
styloid process of the temporal bone
to the posterior border of the ramus.
These two ligaments are sometimes
assigned a slight protective function.
The superior head of the lateral
pterygoid muscle inserts into both the
articular disk and capsule.
B. Mandibular first molar

Mandibular first molars, like all teeth,
have a significant number of
anatomical variations. However, the
other three teeth listed are considered
The tooth showing the LEAST amount to be the most variable in the mouth.
of anatomic variability is the: Third molars have extreme varieties in
A. Maxillary third molar crown shape, root shape, root number
B. Mandibular first molar etc. They may look like first or second
C. Maxillary lateral incisor molars, or may be mere pegs. They are
D. Mandibular third molar often missing. Variation in maxillary
laterals is extreme as well, and is
discussed in question 13. Mandibular
first molar variations are less extreme.
Some common ones include: 4 cusped
instead of 5 (no distal cusp), and large
extremely distally curved mesial roots.
A rare variety may have 2 distal roots.
The wear facets on the incisal edges of 2. maxillary central and lateral
the mandibular lateral incisors are incisors
caused by occlusion with the
1. maxillary central incisors only. The correct answer is choice 2.
2. maxillary central and lateral Mandibular lateral incisors are situated
incisors slightly mesially to the maxillary
3. maxillary lateral incisors and lateral. As a rule, the mandibular teeth
canines. are one half tooth mesial to the
maxillary so the mandibular lateral will
contact the mesial part of the maxillary
lateral and the distal part of the
maxillary central, both areas, of
course, on the lingual surface of the
maxillary teeth. So the correct answer
to question is choice 2.
A. Translation
What condylar movement is
performed as the mandible moves
mandible moves by rotation around
from a pure protrusive movement
the axis of the temperomandibular
from maximum intercuspal position to
joint and also by translation
a maximum protruded position?
(movement of the whole body of the
A. Translation
mandible). In protrusion, the lateral
B. Rotation
pterygoids act together to pull the
C. Hinge
mandible forward without rotation.
D. Oblique
Rotation is partly involved in both
E. Medial and foward
opening and in working movements,
but not in protrusion.
E. size of the distolingual cusp

What is the most reliable and maxillary molars differ from each other
consistent way to distinguish maxillary in several ways, although the general
first, second and third molars? patterns of morphology are shared. As
A. number of cusps you go from 1st to 2nd to 3rd, the
B. size of the distobuccal cusp teeth become smaller in overall
C. inclination of the roots dimension. Most maxillary molars have
D. extent to which the roots are fused four cusps, however, the first molar
E. size of the distolingual cusp may have a 5th cusp, the Carabelli
cusp. This cusp is sometimes large and
cusp-like, but sometimes small and
unnoticeable. It is sometimes referred
to as the Carabelli trait, and is highly
variable. The Carabelli trait can be
found on the mesiolingual cusp. The
third molar may sometimes have a
distolingual cusp so reduced in size,
that the tooth is essentially three-
cusped. So, sometimes, the first,
second and third molars might have
5,4, and 3 cusps respectively. This is
not always the case, and cannot
reliably differentiate between the
teeth. Third molars commonly have
fused roots, however, second and first
molars rarely do. This will not
distinguish all three molars from each
other. Roots tend to incline more
distally from 1st to 2nd to 3rd molar,
however, this is not universally found.
The most reliable way to distinguish
the three molars is by the size of the
distolingual cusp. The MB, ML and DB
cusps in all maxillary molars form the
trigon, or major cusp triangle. The
distolingual cusp by itself, is the talon
cusp, and gets progressively smaller
from first to second to third molar. As
stated previously, it may be absent in
third molars.
What is the most reliable and The correct answer is choice E. The
consistent way to distinguish maxillary maxillary molars differ from each other
first, second and third molars? in several ways, although the general
A. number of cusps patterns of morphology are shared. As
B. size of the distobuccal cusp you go from 1st to 2nd to 3rd, the
C. inclination of the roots teeth become smaller in overall
D. extent to which the roots are fused dimension. Most maxillary molars have
E. size of the distolingual cusp four cusps, however, the first molar
may have a 5th cusp, the Carabelli
third molars.
B. ankylosis
When alveolar bone fuses to the
cementum of a root, it is known as The correct answer is choice B.
A. gemination Ankylosis refers to fusion or union of
B. ankylosis cementum to tooth root. Clinically, this
C. hypercementosis may be important because ankylosed
D. gomphosis teeth are difficult to extract, and bone
E. dilaceration may be removed with the root.
Additionally, ankylosed teeth often fail
to fully erupt and sometimes remain
below the plane of occlusion as the
surrounding teeth erupt normally.
Gemination refers to two tooth crowns
emerging from one root.
Hypercementosis is a nonpathological
condition of additional cementum
being deposited on a root surface. It
does not fuse with bone, however. A
gomphosis is the term for the
immovable joint between tooth and
alveolar bone. It refers to a normal,
nonankylosed state. Dilaceration refers
to a sudden change in direction of a
tooth root.
D. Incisors

primary anesthetic injection for
mandibular teeth for both restoration
and extraction is the inferior alveolar
When anesthetizing the mandibular
nerve block. It is supplemented
arch, the inferoir alveolar nerve block
variously by the lingual nerve block,
is usually performed. However, local
mental nerve block, long buccal nerve
infiltration may be effective. It is most
block or local infiltration. Local
likely to be effective in the area of the:
infiltration can occasionally be
A. Molars
effective by itself in areas where thin
B. Premolars
bone (or very little bone) is present.
C. Canines
The facial surface of mandibular
D. Incisors
incisors is composed of thin dentine
E. Local infiltration is generally
and often is a site of periodontal
effective throughout the arch.
disease, leaving even less bone than
previously present. Extractions of
mandibular incisors can sometimes be
accomplished through local infiltraton
alone. Mandibular bone is usually too
thick in other areas of the arch.
D. shorter with multiple
supplementary grooves.
The correct answer is choice D. One of

When compared with maxillary first
the differences in the occlusal views of
premolars, the central developmental
maxilary first and second premolars is
groove of maxillary second premolars
the groove pattern. First premolars
is
tend to have longer central grooves,
A. longer with less supplementary
few or no supplemental grooves, and a
grooves.
predictable groove pattern. Second
B. shorter with less supplementary
premolars have shon central grooves
grooves.
(sometimes reduced to a pit), many
C. longer with multiple supplementary
supplemental grooves, and an
grooves.
unpredictable groove pattern.
Sometimes the supplemental grooves
will form an X radiating from the
central pit-like groove. Other
anomalies include an occasional distal
transverse ridge.
D. metabolic disturbance in embryonic

period
The correct answer is choice D. Let's

rule out choices. Fluorosis, or staining
When hypoplasia of primary teeth is from excess systemic fluoride, is
found but is limited to cusp tips and generalized discoloration and
incisal edges of incisors, canines, and blotchiness throughout the enamel.
molars, it is most likely due to Tetracycline staining is generalized
A. fluorosis yellow-brownish staining throughout
B. insufficient systemic fluoride the dentin and enamel (moreso
C. tetracycline intake dentin). There is no hypoplasia in
D. metabolic disturbance in embryonic either condition. Insufficient fluoride
period intake will affect caries susceptibility
E. metabolic disturbance in infancy but does not have a distinctive clinical
appearance. Hypoplasia is usually
caused by a metabolic disturbance.
The effect of the disturbance depends
on timing. The crown tips and incisal
edges of primary incisors, canines, and
molars are formed from three to six
months in utero, and crowns are
completed during the first two (incisor)
to 10 (second molar) months. So
metabolic disturbances in infancy
occur after the crown tips and incisal
edges of these teeth are already
formed.
B. Styloglossus

Hyoglossus, attached to the hyoid
bone, tends to pull the side of the
tongue downward and also aids in
retraction. With genioglossus, it can
depress the tongue. Styloglossus is
Which extrinsic muscle of the tongue attached to the styloid process and
functions to retract the tongue? stylomandibular ligament. It is the
A. Hyoglossus main retractor of the tongue, and can
B. Styloglossus also elevate it. With genioglossus, it
C. Genioglossus can raise the sides of the tongue and
D. Palatoglossus leave the middle depressed.
Genioglossus connects to the mental
spine of the mandible and can depress
the tongue. Anterior fibers can retract
the tongue tip while posterior fibers
can protrude it. Palatoglossus attaches
to the palatine aponeurosis. It can help
to pull the posterior part of the tongue
upwards.
Which incisor is MOST frequently C. Maxillary lateral

markedly concave on the lingual
surface? The correct answer is choice C. The
A. Maxillary central maxillary lateral incisor is one of the
B. Mandibular central most highly variable teeth in the
C. Maxillary lateral mouth. It has a high incidence of being
D. Mandibular lateral congenitally missing, can often appear
in a peg form, and has a large variety
of shape and size anomalies. A
concave lingual surface is found
commonly, and may range from small
pit to deep depression. In clinical
dentistry, large lingual pits or
depressions on these teeth are
sometimes restored with sealant or
composite fillings.
D. Left lateral pterygoid

right working movement, the mandible
moves to the right side. This
movement occurs as the left lateral
Which muscle is primarily involved pterygoid pulls the left condyle
when the mandible makes a RIGHT forward while the right condyle stays
WORKING movement? stationary. In- general, lateral
A. Right medial pterygoid pterygoid muscles move the mandible
B. Left medial pterygoid forward (protrude) when acting jointly.
C. Right lateral pterygoid They also act jointly to open the jaw
D. Left lateral pterygoid (depress the mandible). When acting
separately, the left lateral pterygoid
moves the jaw right, while the right
later pterygoid moves the jaw left.
Medial pterygoids are closing muscles
(elevators) and are not involved in
protrusion or lateral movement.
Which of the following anatomic 3. A distolingual groove

features of a maxillary lateral incisor
will most likely complicate root The correct answer is choice 3. In the
planing? maxillary lateral incisor, which is
1. A root bifurcation probably the most variable tooth in
2. A mesial concavity the mouth, a variation exists where a
3. A distolingual groove groove may cross from the cingulum
4. An extreme distal cervical line over the mesial or distal margin onto
curvature the surface of the crown and down the
mesial or distal surface of the root.
This is known as a lingual marginal
groove or distal lingual groove or
mesial lingual groove. The groove is
often deep and narrow and extremely
difficult to scale or root plane. So
choice 3 is correct. Choice 1 is
incorrect as the maxillary lateral is
invariably single rooted and does not
contain a bifurcation. Choice 2 is
incorrect. The maxillary lateral root
does not normally possess a mesial
concavity and if present, would not be
as difficult to root plane as the narrow
distal lingual groove. Choice 4 is
incorrect. In general, the cervical curve
of the lateral incisor is less than that of
the central. However, the CEJ cervical
line curvature does not have great
significance for root planing. So the
Which of the following BEST describes

C. The anterior-posterior curvature of
the Curve of Spee?
the occlusal surfaces of the teeth, as
A. The spherical configuration of the
seen in a facial view
composite arrangement of the occlusal
surfaces and incisal edges of the teeth
of both dental arches
curve of Spee is an imaginary curve
B. The facial-lingual curvature resulting
connecting the cusp tips of the
from the facial cusps being the longest
mandibular teeth as seen from the
in the mandibular arch, and the lingual
lateral (facial side of the posterior
cusps being the longest in the
teeth). The curve of Spee prevents
maxillary arch
protrusive interferences. The curve of
C. The anterior-posterior curvature of
Wilson is an imaginary curve
the occlusal surfaces of the teeth, as
connecting cusp tips as seen from the
seen in a facial view
front of the face. This curvature helps
D. The inclination of the teeth in
to eliminate lateral interferences.
relation to the vertical long axis of the
These curves are part of a theory
body
known as the spherical theory of
E. The composite arrangement of the
facial crown surface heights of contour occlusion.
of all the teeth in any quadrant
1. The lingual root is the longest and

the distofacial root is the shortest.

Which of the following best describes Maxillary molars are three rooted with
the root lengths of a maxillary molar? mesial buccal or mesial facial,
1. The lingual root is the longest and diaobuccal or distofacial, and palatal or
the distofacial root is the shortest. lingual roots. Palatal is longest and
2. The lingual root is the longest and generally curved and widest when
the mesiofacial root is the shortest. viewed from the buccal or lingual. This
3. The mesiofacial root is the longest is also termed flattened buccal
and the distofacial root is the shortest. lingually. The mesial buccal is second
4. All roots are the same length. largest, not usually curved and widest
when viewed proximally or
mesiodistallly flattened. The
distobuccal is usually shortest. So the
D. Too great a contour of the cervical

enamel ridge

Which of the following can adversely Contact of adjacent teeth leads to a
affect the self-cleaning quality of a healthy self-cleansing of the teeth by
dentition in normal alignment? preventing interproximal food
A. Contact of adjacent teeth impaction. Efficient use of a
B. Efficient use of a toothbrush toothbrush will help the self-cleansing
C. Friction of food material during properties of teeth by aiding in plaque
mastication removal. Friction of rough or abrasive
D. Too great a contour of the cervical foods can also scrape plaque off of
enamel ridge teeth. Prominent cervical enamel
ridges or bulges can interfere with self-
cleansing actions of the mouth by
trapping plaque underneath the bulge,
near the gingival margin. In
prosthodontics, this is similar to
overcontouring of prosthetic crowns
which can lead to the same negative
result.
3. It has two synovial cavities.

temperomandibular joint has an
unusual structure in which two
compartments exist, an upper and a
lower. The upper compartment exists
in the area above the articular disk and
below the articular or glenoid fossa.
The lower compartment exists
Which of the following characterizes a between the articular disk and the
temporomandibular joint? head of the mandibular condyle. Both
1. It is immune to arthritis. compartments are synovial cavities in
2. It has one synovial cavity. which synovial fluid eases the motion
3. It has two synovial cavities. of the joint. In general, rotational
4. It has no synovial cavities. movement is thought to involve
primarily the lower compartment
while translational movement involves
primarily the upper compartment.
Choices 2 and 4 are incorrect as noted
already. Choice 1 is incorrect as
arthritis is an occasional cause of TMJ
pain and dysfunction. Arthritis is
sometimes linked to trauma of the
TMJ. So the correct answer to question
is choice 3.
Which of the following covers the 4. Dense avascular fibrous connective

articulating osseous structures of the tissue
temporomandibular joint?
1. Synovial membrane
2. Hyaline cartilage only The correct choice is 4. The articulating
3. Vascular fibrous connective tissue surfaces of the temporomandibular
4. Dense avascular fibrous connective joint are covered by a dense avascular
tissue fibrous connective tissue. The articular
5. Dense avascular elastic connective disk is also made up of dense fibrous
tissue connective tissue. The incorrect
choices: Choice #1: The synovial
membrane forms the joint capsule of
the temporomandibular joint and
secretes the synovial fluid. Choice #2:
The temporomandibular joint is one of
very few joints in the body that does
not have hyaline cartilage on its
articular surfaces. The head of the
condyle has some hyaline cartilage
where bone growth takes place, under
the articulating fibrous connective
tissue. Choice #3: Vascular connective
tissue makes up some of the periphery
of the articular disk, but its main
portion is avascular as is the fibrous
connective tissue of the articulating
surfaces. So, once again, the correct
answer is 4.
2. Oblique
The correct answer is choice 2. Oblique

fibers of the periodontal ligament are
Which of the following groups of fibers directed from the alveolar bone
of the periodontal ligament is most downward obliquely at an angle
likely to be found in the middle third of toward the cementum. They are found
the root? primarily in the middle third of the
1. Apical root. Choice 1, apical fibers, as the
2. Oblique name implies are found primarily in
3. Horizontal the apical third of the root. Horizontal
4. Transseptal fibers which horizontally rather than
5. Alveolar crest obliquely connect bone to cementum
are found primarily in the coronal third
of the root. Transeptal fibers connect
the cementum of two adjacent teeth
above the level of alveolar bone and
thus are also in the coronal third of the
root. Finally, alveolar crest fibers
connect obliquely from the coronal
area of the cementum to the apical
crest. They are also found in the
coronal third of the root. So from the
top down, our answers would be
apical, middle, coronal, coronal, and
coronal, and the correct answer to
D. Distoincisal of the lateral
The correct answer is choice D. It is

best to view the term convexity as it
refers to roundness, or an arc-like
Which of the following incisal angles of
shape. In general both the mesio-
maxillary teeth exhibits the greatest
incisal and disto-incisal line angles of
convexity?
the maxillary central incisor are more
A. Mesioincisal of the central
angular and less rounded than the
B. Distoincisal of the central
corresponding line angles of the
C. Mesioincisal of the lateral
lateral. Within the lateral, the disto-
D. Distoincisal of the lateral
incisal angle is more rounded than that
of the mesio-incisal. Think of the
maxillary lateral as a smaller more
delicate and rounded version of the
central.
B. Mandibular central
Which of the following incisors has its The correct answer is choice B. In
mesial and distal contact areas at the maxillary centrals, the mesial contact
same incisocervical level? (near the mesio-incisal line angle) is
A. Maxillary central more incisal ( than is the distal contact.
B. Mandibular central Likewise, in the maxillary lateral, the
C. Maxillary lateral mesial contact is more incisal (near the
D. Mandibular lateral junction of the incisal and middle
thirds), while the distal contact is near
the middle of the crown. The
mandibular central incisor is generally
symmetrical in crown shape when
viewed from the labial, and this
includes contact points which are both
located in the incisal thirds. In the
mandibular lateral, the distal contact
area is more cervical.
A. Contacts are centered faciolingually.
The correct answer is choice A. When

Which of the following is correct viewed from the occlusal, the contact
regarding the contact relationship of area of the maxillary central and
maxillary central incisors and maxillary lateral is centered in the labio-lingual
lateral incisors? direction. The contact is not centered
A. Contacts are centered faciolingually. inciso-cervically, being located more
B. Contacts are centered toward the incisal, at the junction of
incisocervically. the incisal and middle thirds. Facial
C. Facial embrasures are wider than embrasures are fairly flat, while the
lingual embrasures. lingual are deeper. Gingival
D. lncisal embrasures are larger than embrasures extend up to the contact
gingival embrasures. point, which is incisally located.
Therefore they are larger than the
rather small incisal embrasures,
located incisal to the contact point.
D. cells capable of forming primary

dentin
Which of the following is NOT found in The correct answer is choice D. Pulp is
mature pulp? a connective tissue containing
A. neurons fibroblasts, blood vessels, nerves
B. blood vessels (carrying pain sensation), and
C. leukocytes odontoblasts. Since pulp contains
D. cells capable of forming primary blood vessels, it will also have
dentin leukocytes. Odontoblasts will line the
E. odontoblasts perimeter of the pulp, and are capable
of producing dentin. However, this
dentin is of the secondary or
reparative variety. Primary dentin is
that which is first produced as the
tooth is originally formed. Primary
dentin cannot be produced by a
mature pulp already inside a tooth.
B. Mandibular central incisor

Which of the following is the first
definition of a succedaneous tooth is
succedaneous tooth?
one that replaces another tooth.
A. Maxillary central incisor
Therefore, all permanent molars are
NOT succedaneous. The first primary
C. Maxillary lateral incisor
tooth to be lost is generally the
D. Mandibular first molar
mandibular central, so the first
succedaneous tooth is the permanent
mandibular central incisor.
A. Root of a maxillary canine
The correct choice is 1. The maxillary

canine has the longest root of any
tooth in the dentition as you will find
Which of the following is the longest out when you try to extract one. It
root? averages 17 millimeters from
A. Root of a maxillary canine cemento-enamel junction to apex.
B. Root of a mandibular canine Choice #2: The mandibular canine has
C. Lingual root of a maxillary first an average cemento-enamel junction
molar to apex root length of about 15 mm.
D. Lingual root of a maxillary second Choices 3 and 4: The lingual roots of
molar the maxillary first and second molars
E. Mesial root of a mandibular first are the longest of the three roots in
molar the molars and they average 12 and 11
mm, respectively. And choice #5: The
mesial root of the mandibular first
molar averages 14 mm. from CET to
apex and is roughly the same length as
the distal root.
Which of the following jaw positions is 1. Postural

determined almost exclusively by the
behavior of the mandibular The correct choice is 1. The postural or
musculature? rest position, where freeway space is
1. Postural present between the teeth, is primarily
2. Terminal determined by the musculature.
3. lntercuspal Choice #2: The terminal position is
4. Retruded contacting mostly determined by how far the
5. Protruded contacting condyle can go posteriorly in the
articular fossa. Choices 3,4 and 5: Any
position where the teeth are in contact
is primarily determined by the teeth
themselves.
A. Postural
The correct answer is choice A. Three

of the four positions listed are
determined by a combination of
muscular and dental factors.
lntercuspal position is held in place by
Which of the following jaw positions is
muscles in a position determined by
determined almost exclusively by the
the intercuspation (occlusion) of the
behavior of the musculature?
two arches. The muscles may pull the
A. Postural
mandible forward or backward into
B. lntercuspal
protruded or retruded contact
C. Retruded contact
positions, but the actual position is
D. Protruded contact
again determined by how the teeth
intercuspate (occlude). Postural or rest
position is determined by musculature
alone. Teeth are slightly out of contact
and the distance between the arches is
determined by the habitual position or
comfort level of these muscles.
Which of the following ligaments has D. Temporomandibular

an outer oblique portion which limits
the extent of jaw opening and initiates The correct answer is choice D. The
translation of the condyle down the temperomandibular (lateral) ligament
articular eminence? reinforces the lateral aspect of the
A. Capsular joint capsule. Its other functions
B. Collateral include limiting the amount of
C. Stylomandibular opening, limiting the amount of
D. Temporomandibular retrusion, and due to its initial
tautness, initiating the downward
motion of the condyle. The capsular
ligament surrounds the disc and
synovial compartments of the joint.
The stylomandibular ligament
connects the styloid process and the
ramus. The sphenomandibular
ligament connects the sphenoid bone
to the ramus. The function of these
ligaments is not clear. They are
sometimes referred to as collateral
(accessory) ligaments.
A. First premolar
Which of the following maxillary teeth The correct answer is choice A. The
has the largest cervico-occlusal crown maxillary first premolar is notable for
height? its large cervico-occlusal length
A. First premolar (height). It is generally slightly larger
B. Second premolar than the second premolar. Both
C. First molar premolars are larger in height than the
D. Second molar molars, which decrease in crown
height from the first to the second to
the third.
C. Maxillary third
Which of the following molars MOST

frequently have only 3 cusps?
A. Maxillary first The correct answer is choice C. The
B. Mandibular first maxillary third molar often lacks a
C. Maxillary third distobuccal cusp. This cusp is generally
D. Mandibular third smaller as one goes from the first to
the second to the third molar. This
leaves the third molar as a three
cusped tooth. The maxillary first
usually has four cusps, or five if a
Carabelli cusp is present. The
mandibular first usually has five cusps
(including a small distal cusp). A
mandibular third usually resembles the
mandibular second in having 4 cusps
(no distal cusp such as that on the first
mandibular).
4. Lateral pterygoid

Which of the following muscles is NOT
pterygoid acts to help open or depress
an elevator of the mandible?
the mandible as well as being active in
1. Temporal
lateral mandibular movements. The
2. Masseter
digastric muscles also assist in
3. Medial pterygoid
depressing the mandible. Choices 1, 2
4. Lateral pterygoid
and 3: The temporal, masseter and
medial pterygoid muscles all elevate or
close the mandible.
C. 5-sided
Which of the following normally
describes the general crown form of
labial or lingual view of the maxillary
canines when viewed from the facial
canine crown form is pentagonal. The
or lingual aspect?
bottom of the pentagon is the CEJ.
A. 3-sided
From the CEJ, the crown outline moves
B. 4-sided
upward and outward on both the
C. 5-sided
mesial and distal sides, until reaching
D. 6-sided
the height of contour. Then, both sides
E. 7-sided
turn inward and upward until reaching
a point at the cusp tip.
Which of the following normally C. It is pointed at its incisal limit.

describes the pulp cavity in a
mesiodistal section of a maxillary The correct answer is choice C. The
canine? pulp of the maxillary canine, in mesio-
A. It exhibits 2 pulp horns. distal section, will follow the outline of
B. It is widest at its incisal limit. the tooth. It will be highest and
C. It is pointed at its incisal limit. pointed underneath the buccal cusp,
D. It is widest at the midroot level. and slant cervically downward toward
E. It is generally wider than in a both the mesial and distal directions. It
faciolingual section. is widest at about CEJ level, or slightly
below, and will be considerably wider
buccolingually than mesiodistally.
Which of the following occurs when

the distofacial cusp of a permanent
B. Direct lateral excursion, to the right
mandibular right first molar moves
through the facial groove from the
central fossa of the maxillary right first
The correct choice is #2, a direct lateral
molar?
excursion to the right. The distofacial
A. Direct lateral excursion to the left
cusp of the right mandibular first
B. Direct lateral excursion, to the right
molar occludes in the central fossa of
C. Direct protrusive mandibular
the right maxillary first molar and
excursion
moves through the facial groove of the
D. Lateral-protrusive excursion to the
maxillary first molar in a right lateral
left
excursion.
E. Lateral-protrusive excursion to the
right
3. Mandibular first premolar
The correct answer is #3, the

Which of the following permanent mandibular first premolar. This is the
posterior teeth has a mesial marginal only tooth that exhibits a mesial
ridge that is located more cervical than marginal ridge more cervically placed
its distal marginal ridge? than the distal marginal ridge. The
1. Maxillary first premolar mandibular first premolar is also the
2. Maxillary second molar only tooth where the occlusal table is
3. Mandibular first premolar not roughly parallel to the occlusal
4. Mandibular second molar plane. The occlusal table is tilted so far
lingually that virtually the whole table
is visible when the tooth is viewed
from the lingual.
E. Mandibular first premolar

Which of the following permanent mandibular first premolar is the only
teeth normally have a mesiolingual tooth to have a mesiolingual groove. It
groove? is found between the mesial marginal
A. Maxillary canine ridge and the mesiolingual cusp ridge.
B. Maxillary first molar It begins in the mesial pit and crosses
C. Mandibular first molar the marginal ridge and onto the
D. Mandibular canine proximal surface. This trait is highly
E. Mandibular first premolar variable. Note that a similar groove is
NOT found on the distal side of this
tooth or on the mandibular second
premolar.
4. Maximum intercuspation

Maximum intercuspation or centric
occlusion is the position in which the
teeth are most fully contacted with
each other. As such the jaws are most
fully closed and therefore the vertical
dimension is the least. Choice 1.2 and
Which of the following positions would 3 as not being in maximum
yield the smallest measurement of intercuspation or contact. are going to
vertical dimension? be slightly more separated and at
1. Reverse overlap greater vertical dimension. Choice 1.
2. Edge-to-edge reverse overlap. refers to a protruded
3. Retruded contact mandible position. Choice 2. edge to
4. Maximum intercuspation edge, refers to the meeting of the
mandibular and maxillary anterior
incisal edges. At this point. posterior
teeth will be slightly separated. Choice
3. retruded contact or centric relation,
is a mandibular position slightly
posterior to maximum intercuspation.
But again, slightly more separated and
thus at slightly greater vertical
dimension. So the correct answer to
2. Mandibular first

Which of the following premolars first premolar has two cusps, but the
frequently has only one pulp horn? lingual is so small that it usually has no
1. Maxillary first pulp horn. The maxillary premolars,
2. Mandibular first choices 1 and 3, have two well-
3. Maxillary second developed cusps, each with its own
4. Mandibular second pulp horn. The mandibular second
premolar, choice 4, generally has three
cusps and two pulp horns: buccal and
lingual.
1. Maxillary first
The correct choice is 1. The primary

maxillary first molar bears the closest
resemblance to a premolar. There are
usually three cusps, but the
Which of the following primary molars
mesiobuccal and mesiolingual cusps
has an occlusal surface that most often
are much more prominent than the
bears the greatest resemblance to a
distobuccal which may even be absent.
premolar?
1. Maxillary first
The incorrect choices: Choice 442: The
2. Maxillary second
primary maxillary second molar
3. Mandibular first
resembles the permanent maxillary
4. Mandibular second
first molar from the occlusal. Choice
#3: The primary mandibular first molar
does not really resemble any of the
permanent teeth. Choice #4: The
primary mandibular second molar
resembles the permanent mandibular
first molar.
Which of the following represents the D. Triangular

geometric form of anterior teeth when
viewed from the mesial or distal The correct answer is choice D. Not a
aspect? great question, in our opinion,
A. Rhomboidal however triangular is better than the
B. Trapezoidal rest. An incisor, when viewed from the
C. Elliptical mesial or distal can be viewed as
D. Triangular roughly triangular, with one side the
E. Square lingual slope, the second side the
lingual edge of the root, and the third
side made up of the entire buccal
surface, both root and crown.
Rhomboidal and square are definitely
not correct, as they imply four equal
sides, and elliptical is oval, with no
distinct sides. Trapezoidal implies two
parallel and two nonparallel sides, and
this is not true for a mesial or distal
view of an incisor. So while it might be
stretching things a bit to see this I
tooth view as triangular, it is still a
better answer than the others.
B. Mesiofacial
Which of the following represents the The correct answer is choice B. The
largest cusp of the mandibular first order of size of cusps in the
molar? mandibular first molars, from largest
A. Distal to smallest is:mesiobuccal,
B. Mesiofacial mesiolingual, distolingual. distobuccal
C. Mesiolingual and finally, distal. The distal can be
D. Distofacial remembered as the smallest simply by
E. Distolingual realizing that it is so small that it is
often absent, so that one variety of
mandibular first molar is a four cusped
version. In mandibular second molars,
cusps are much more equal in size.
Which of the following represents the A. Deep concavity on the mesial

MOST common anatomic feature that surface of the tooth
complicates periodontal maintenance
in a maxillary first premolar?
A. Deep concavity on the mesial The correct answer is choice A. On the
surface of the tooth mesial surface of the crown of the
B. Intermediate furcational ridge maxillary first premolar, there is a
C. Mesiolingual developmental groove mesial developmental groove, which
D. Excessive convexity of the facial travels from the occlusal downward
root along the mesial crown surface, and
then joins into the mesial root
concavity, which extends down most
of the mesial surface of the mesial
root. This concavity often lends itself
to plaque and calculus accumulation,
overhanging restorations, and difficult
cleaning of the area. Note that the
mesiolingual developmental groove is
found on the mandibular first
premolar.
C. 8-9 years
normal eruption age (years) of the
The correct answer is choice C. As a
maxillary lateral incisors?
reminder, normal eruption times for
A. 4-5 years
the permanent incisors are:
B. 6-7 years
mandibular centrals at 6- 7 years.
C. 8-9 years
mandibular laterals at 7-8 years,
D. 10-11 years
maxillary centrals at 7-8 years and
maxillary laterals at 8-9 years.
Which of the following represents the C. Secondary dentin

tissue formed in response to stimuli
produced by carious penetration of a
tooth? The correct answer is choice C.
A. Predentin Secondary, or reparative, dentin, is
B. Primary dentin formed in response to carious
C. Secondary dentin penetration or excessive mechanical
D. Interglobular dentin stimulation (abrasion). It is sometimes
viewed as a protective response.
Predentin is non-mineralized precursor
organic material laid down by
odontoblasts. It is primarily collagen
fibers. Primary dentin is all originally
formed dentin in the tooth(excluding
secondary dentin). Interglobular
dentin refers to small uncalcified areas
of dentin where collagenous matrix
exists without mineralization.
2. Lingual root of a maxillary first molar
The correct choice is 2. Of all the roots

listed, only the lingual root of the
Which of the following roots is most maxillary first molar has a concavity on
likely to have a concavity on either or its lingual and/or facial surfaces.
both its facial and lingual surfaces? Choices 1, 3 and 4: The root of the
1. Root of a maxillary second premolar maxillary second premolar and the
2. Lingual root of a maxillary first molar mesial and distal roots of the
3. Mesial root of a mandibular first mandibular molars are usually
molar characterized by mesial and distal
4. Distal root of a mandibular second concavities down the sides of the
molar roots. These concavities are most
5. Mesiofacial root of a maxillary first prominent on the maxillary second
molar premolar and the mesial root of the
6. Distofacial root of a maxillary first mandibular molars. Choices 5 and 6:
molar The mesiobuccal and distobuccal roots
of the maxillary first molar generally
do not exhibit any consistent
concavities. They are slightly wider
buccolingually than mesiodistally.
Which of the following teeth has its 4. Mandibular central incisor

mesial contact area located within the
incisal or the occlusal one-third? The correct answer is choice 4. The
1. Maxillary canine mesial surface of the mandibular
2. Maxillary first molar central incisor contacts the mesial
3. Mandibular second premolar surface of the other mandibular
4. Mandibular central incisor central. They contact in the incisal
third. All mandibular incisal contacts
with each other or with the mesial of
the canine are within the incisal third.
Choice 1 is incorrect. Contact of the
maxillary canine with the maxillary
lateral incisor is in the middle third.
Choice 2 is incorrect. Contact of the
maxillary first molar with a maxillary
second premolar is within the middle
third. Choice 3 is incorrect. Contact of
the mandibular second premolar with
the mandibular first premolar is in the
middle third. So the correct answer to
E. Mandibular molars

question looks for teeth that lean
lingually. That is, the root tips point
Which of the following teeth have long facially, and the crowns lingually. In
axes positioned with their root apices general, both maxillary and
facial and their crowns lingual? mandibular incisors have their root
A. Maxillary incisors tips facing lingually and their crowns
B. Mandibular incisors facially. (Opposite to what the
C. Maxillary premolars question is looking for). Maxillary
D. Maxillary molars premolars generally are straight, and
E. Mandibular molars not buccally or lingually inclined.
Maxillary molars, like the incisors, lean
so that their crowns tip facially and
root apices palatally. Only mandibular
molars,of the teeth listed, tip in the
lingual direction, with facially located
roots.
Which of the following teeth have 3. Maxillary first premolars

sharp demarcations between pulp
chambers and pulp canals? The correct choice is 3. The maxillary
1. Mandibular canines first premolar generally has easily
2. Maxillary lateral incisors visualized beginnings of the pulp
3. Maxillary first premolars canals because 85% of the time, it has
4. Mandibular second premolars two canals, one each in the buccal and
lingual roots. Choices 1. 2 and 4 are all
single-rooted teeth, almost always
with a single canal continuing apically
from the pulp chamber. So it is difficult
to see where the chamber ends and
the single canal begins.
D. Mandibular molars and maxillary

first premolars
Which of the following teeth in the

permanent dentition normally have
bifurcations?
Bifurcations are divisions of roots or
A. Mandibular canines
root trunks into two sections. We
B. Mandibular second premolars
should be looking here for two rooted
C. Maxillary molars and maxillary first
teeth. The mandibular canine is
premolars
generally single rooted, as is the
D. Mandibular molars and maxillary
mandibuar second premolar. Maxillary
first premolars
molars are generally three-rooted.
E. Maxillary first and second molars
Mandibular molars are generally two-
rooted. So our answer is mandibular
molars and maxillary first premolars
usually have bifurcations.
Which of the following teeth in the 5. Maxillary first and second molars
permanent dentition normally have and some maxillary third molars
trifurcations?
1. Mandibular molars only The correct choice is 5. The maxillary
2. Mandibular second premolars molars are the only permanent teeth
3. Mandibular molars and maxillary that normally have trifurcations. To
first premolars have a trifurcation in the root trunk,
4. Maxillary molars and maxillary first three roots must be present. Choice
premolars #1: Mandibular molars. normally
5. Maxillary first and second molars having two roots. therefore have a
and some maxillary third molars bifurcation. Choice #2: Mandibular
second pre-molars normally are single
rooted. Choices #3 and 4: Maxillary
first premolars usually have two roots
and a bifurcation, although the
bifurcation may be well down the
roots towards the apices of the roots.
C. Maxillary first molar
Which of the following teeth is MOST

likely to have a distal coronal concavity The correct answer is choice C. The
that can pose special problems in maxillary first molar may show a
matrix placement? slightly flattened section of the crown
A. Maxillary first premolar in the cervical third of the distobuccal
B. Mandibular first premolar area. Note that the maxillary first
C. Maxillary first molar molar often has a mesial concavity, as
D. Mandibular first molar does the mandibular first molar, with a
coronal concavity extending down to
and meeting a root concavity.
5. Maxillary lateral incisor

Which of the following teeth would most commonly congenitally missing
most likely be congenitally absent? tooth is the maxillary lateral incisor,
1. Maxillary canine choice 5. Others include third molars,
2. Mandibular canine either maxillary or mandibular and
3. Maxillary central incisor second premolars, maxillary or
4. Mandibular central incisor mandibular. Canines are rarely
5. Maxillary lateral incisor congenitally missing. A general rule
6. Mandibular lateral incisor related to this question is that
congenitally missing teeth are usually
the distal teeth of a certain I type, that
is the lateral incisors more often than
the central, second premolars more
than first premolar and the third
molars more than the other molars.
Anyway, the correct answer to
A. intercuspal

Intercuspal position is also centric
occlusion. The teeth are in contact and
the mandible is neither protruded nor
retruded. There is no leeway space
(space between the teeth). The
position centric relation and the
position retruded contact are positions
Which position of the mandible is sometimes used in prosthodontics to
determined primarily by tooth give a reproducible jaw relation. The
position? mandible is pushed slightly backwards
A. intercuspal to where the condyle is in its most
B. centric relation posterior position. This position is
C. physiologic rest determined by the condyle, muscles,
D. retruded contact teeth and the dentist. Retruded
contact is generally a few millimeters
distal to centric occlusion. Physiologic
rest is the position of the mandible
when the jaws are at rest. Teeth are
generally slightly separated and the
amount of separation is determined by
the comfortable stretch or contraction
of the facial muscles. The position is
thus determined primarily by soft
tissue and not by teeth.
Which premolar has a facial cusp with B. Mandibular first

a triangular ridge so uniquely
prominent as to frequently separate its
mesial pit from its distal pit? The correct answer is choice B. The
A. Maxillary first triangular ridge is the surface inclining
B. Mandibular first downward from the buccal and lingual
C. Maxillary second cusps of the premolars. In the
D. Mandibular second mandibular first premolar, these ridges
are often very prominent, meet in the
middle and become a pronounced
transverse ridge, which separates the
mesial from the distal half of the
tooth. This transverse ridge is unique
to the mandibular first premolar.
C. maxillary first
The correct answer is choice C. In

general, the premolars are very similar
Which premolar is the largest?
in overall size. All four premolars are
A. mandibular first
similar in mesial-distal width, and the
B. mandibular second
maxillary premolars are larger than the
C. maxillary first
mandibulars in buccal- lingual width.
D. maxillary second
Between the two maxillary premolars,
the major difference is in overall tooth
length, including root. The first
premolar is approximately 1mm longer
on average.

mandibular second premolar often
Which premolar MOST likely possesses contains a Y shaped or crescent
a crescent-shaped central shaped central developmental groove.
developmental groove? The three variations of the central
A. Maxillary first groove pattern of this tooth are often
B. Mandibular first referred to as the Y, H and U patterns.
C. Maxillary second The mandibular first premolar tends to
D. Mandibular second have no central pit, and lacks the Y
shaped developmental central groove.
The maxillary first tends to have a
longer straight central groove with few
supplementary grooves, while the
maxillary second usually has a shorter
central grove with more
Which primary tooth most closely

resembles its successor?
A. Mandibular first molar C. Mandibular central incisor
C. Mandibular central incisor The correct answer is choice C.
D. Maxillary first molar
E. Mandibular second molar
D. Mandibular canine

Maxillary central incisors, mandibular
central incisors and maxillary canines
Which root is most likely to have a
almost invariably have single roots.
divided root canal?
Maxillary centrals and canines
A. Maxillary central incisor
generally have a single root canal
within the single root. Mandibular
C. Maxillary canine
centrals may have two canals, but
D. Mandibular canine
usually have one apical foramen. The
mandibular canine is the most likely of
the group to have two roots and/or
two canals within the one or two
roots.
C. maxillary first, second and

Which teeth usually have trifurcations? sometimes third molars
A. maxillary and mandibular molars
B. maxillary molars and premolars The correct answer is choice C. This is a
C. maxillary first, second and basic definition question. The term
sometimes third molars trifurcation refers to the area where
D. mandibular first, second and any three roots join together. This is
sometimes third molars opposed to the more common term
E. None. Teeth can have bifurcations bifurcation found wherever two roots
but not trifurcations come together. Only a three rooted
tooth can have a trifurcation, so
maxillary molars should immediately
come to mind. The area underneath
the common root trunk where the
mesiobuccal, distobuccal and palatal
roots meet is the trifurcation.
E. Maxillary central incisor

extraction, teeth with conical or
rounded roots can be extracted with a
rotational movement in addition to
buccal-lingual luxation. You should
avoid this movement with any teeth
likely to have two roots, either
separate or fused. Many teeth may
have one root, but it is more
flattenned than round, or a usually one
Which tooth can almost always be
rooted tooth may occasionally have
rotated during extraction, without
two roots. The mandibular canine is
danger of fracturing the root?
generally one rooted, but may have
A. Mandibular canine
two roots occasionally, with a split into
B. Maxillary first premolar
buccal and lingual sections near the
C. Maxillary second premolar
apex. Its root may also be somewhat
D. Mandibular first premolar
flattened. Maxillary first premolars
E. Maxillary central incisor
generally have two roots and are never
rotated. MaxiHary second premolars
are usually one-rooted, but the root
may be ovalish or flattened rather than
round. Mandibular first premolars are
usually one rooted, occasionally
double rooted, and the root is often
flattened. Maxillary central incisors
invariably have one root, usually oval
or rounded. There is rarely a
complication when they are rotated
during extraction.
Which tooth has the greatest mesio- A. Mandibular first molar

distal diameter?
A. Mandibular first molar
B. Maxillary second molar The correct answer is choice A. The
C. Mandibular central incisor permanent mandibular first molar is
D. Maxillary second molar the largest tooth in the mesiodistal
direction. In general, the mandibular
molars are wider mesiodistally than
their maxillary counterparts. The
mandibular first molar is slightly longer
than the mandibular second molar,
partially due to the presence of a fifth
cusp, the distal cusp. This cusp is
absent in the second molar. It should
be noted that within the molars, in
general, size decreases from 1st to 2nd
to 3rd within both arches.

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The correct choice is 2= INCISORS AND

FIRST MOLARS
. A 12-month-old child generally has all
of the primary incisors and first
A 1-year-old child is expected to have molars. The primary mandibular
erupted which of the following primary central incisors erupt at 6 months, the
maxillary and mandibular teeth? mandibular laterals at 7 months, the
1. lncisors and canines maxillary centrals at 7-12 months, the
2. lncisors and first molars maxillary laterals at 9 months, and the
3. Central incisors and canines maxillary and mandibular first molars
4. Mandibular central and lateral at 12 months, although the maxillary
incisors and maxillary central incisors first primary molar may not erupt until
about 14 months. Choices 1 and 3: A 1-
year-old should have all of the primary

primary incisors and first molars. The
primary mandibular central incisors
erupt at 6 months, the mandibular
laterals at 7 months, the maxillary
centrals at 7-12 months, the maxillary
A 1-year-old child is expected to have laterals at 9 months, and the maxillary
erupted which of the following primary and mandibular first molars at 12
maxillary and mandibular teeth? months, although the maxillary first
1. lncisors and canines primary molar may not erupt until
2. lncisors and first molars about 14 months. Choices 1 and 3: A 1-
3. Central incisors and canines year-old should have all of the primary
4. Mandibular central and lateral incisors, but the cuspids do not &
incisors and maxillary central incisors erupt until later: the mandibular
A branch of which of the following V

cranial nerves to the tongue may be
anesthetized during administration of The correct answer is choice 1. Let's
an inferior alveolar block? review the cranial nerves to the
1. V tongue. Firstly, all intrinsic and
2. VII extrinsic tongue muscles receive motor
3. IX innervation from the hypoglossal
4. XII nerve cranial nerve XII except the
the tongue is provided by the lingual
branch of the mandibular division of
the trigeminal, cranial nerve V. Taste
the tongue is provided by the chorda
tympani, a branch of the facial nerve,
cranial nerve VII. Taste and regular
DENS IN DENTE
A deep invagination of the lingual pit in
a maxillary lateral incisor can be called The correct answer is choice E. The
A. dilaceration term "dens-in dente" refers to
B. fusion the"tooth within a tooth" appearance
C. concrescence on radiograph of a lateral incisor with
D. anodontia a deeply invaginated lingual pit. The pit
E. dens in dente may have the size and shape of a small
tooth. Dilaceration refers to a sudden
change of direction of a root. Fusion
refers to the joining of two teeth by
teeth.
ANODONTIA

variety of genetic, metabolic or
hormonal problems. Microdontia
A developmental abnormality in which refers to the presence of teeth
all teeth are absent is markedly smaller dentin than normal
A. Microdontia size. Oligodontia refers to the absence
B. Oligodontia of many, but not all teeth. A few
C. Anodontia missing teeth are sometimes referred
D. Exodontia to as hypodontia. Supernumerary
E. Odontoma teeth can be referred to as
A hypoplasia of primary teeth which is A METABOLIC DISTURBANCE DURING

limited to the incisal thirds of incisors, INFANCY AND THE EARLY CHILDHOOD
to the incisal tips of canines, and to the PERIODS
occlusal portions of molars, suggests
which of the following? The correct answer is choice C.
A. Tetracycline medication in early life Hypoplasia involves poor development
B. Excessive fluorides in the drinking and calcification of teeth. It can be
water caused by trauma or disease during a
C. A metabolic disturbance during the stage at which developing teeth are
prenatal period calcifying. Tetracycline staining will
D. A metabolic disturbance during cause discoloration of teeth, and is
infancy and the early childhood caused by a mother taking tetracycline
periods during pregnancy, with tetracycline
being incorporated into tooth
structure. It is not, however,
hypoplasia. Fluorides do not cause
hypoplasia either. Excess systemic
fluoride well beyond the
recommended lppm can cause
fluorosis, a discoloration of enamel. So
our choice is either C or D, depending
IT HAS A LESS PRONOUNCED

CINGULUM
A mandibular canine differs from a
maxillary canine in which of the
general, the mandibular canine is
following?
smaller in all respects. Its cingulum is
A. It is longer.
less pronounced, and the tooth crown
B. It has a less pronounced cingulum.
appears to be somewhat assymetrical,
C. The crown is approximately the
with the mesial section of the facial
same length.
area higher and narower than the
D. It has a cusp tip more nearly
centered mesiodistally when viewed
from the facial.
distal.
A mandibular primate space is usually CANINE AND FIRST MOLAR

between molar. The maxillary primate space is
1. central incisors. found between the maxillary primary
2. central and lateral incisors. lateral incisor and canine. The primate
3. lateral incisor and canine. space can occur in all other primates.
4. canine and first molar. When present, it usually allows the
5. first and second molars. erupting mandibular first permanent
#29

mental foramen carries the mental
nerve and artery through the mandible
A mental foramen would be found on onto the skin overlying the mandible
x-ray closest to the root of which from the midline to the first premolar
tooth? area. It also inervates buccal soft tissue
A. #19 and periosteum in the same area, as
B. #14 well as portions of the lower lip.
C. #29 Anesthetic is sometimes injected near
D. #22 the mental foramen to obtain
E. #4 anesthesia of these soft tissues. It is
usually not possible to anesthetize
teeth with a mental nerve block. The
24

age seven, some of the primary
incisors will have been replaced and
A normal seven-year-old child will have
some not. However, since there is a
how many teeth?
one-to-one replacement, it doesn't
A. 20
matter-if primaries or permanents are
B. 22
present. What is important is that the
C. 24
child has 20 primary teeth and that
D. 26
E. 28
be present, 24.
All of the following are true of primary PRIMARY TEETH HAVE A SMALLER
teeth, as compared to permanent RATIO OF MESIAL-DISTAL WIDTH TO
teeth EXCEPT: CROWN HEIGHT
A. Primary teeth are whiter in color
B. Primary teeth have a smaller ratio of The correct answer is choice C. The
crown to root length. question reviews basic qualities or "set
C. Primary teeth have a smaller ratio of characteristics" of primary versus
mesial-distal width to crown height permanent teeth. In general, primaries
D. Primary molars have a smaller root are smaller than their permanent
trunk, relative to total tooth size counterparts. They have the
E. Primary second molars closely appearance of having very short
model the anatomy of permanent first crowns, because their crown is short,
molars relative to their root size (small crown
to root ratio). They also have the
appearance of having "squat" crowns.
This means that the crowns are flat,
that is, they are relatively wide, but
short in height (mesialdistal width to
crown height ratio is LARGE. Primary
molars have a very small root trunk,
relative to the root trunk of the
MORE BULBOUS AND CONSTRICTED

As compared with permanent teeth, general, primary teeth differ from
the crowns of the primary teeth are permanents in a number of ways. They
A. larger. are generally smaller than their
B. more bulbous and constricted. permanent counterparts in all
C. about the same size, but more bell- dimensions. The are usually "squatter"
shaped cervically. in appearance, with their crowns
D. narrower mesiodistally in shorter, relative to their mesio-distal
comparison with their crown length in length. They tend to have bulbous
the anterior teeth. cervical ridges, on the buccal of
As the mouth is opened widely, the ANTERIORLY

articular disk moves in what direction
in relation to the articular eminence? The correct answer is choice B. Fibers
A. Laterally from the lateral pterygoid muscle
B. Anteriorly enter the capsule and disc of the
C. Posteriorly temperomandibular joint. Opening of
D. Medially the mandible involves the lateral
E. Superiorly pterygoid pulling the neck of the
condyle and joint capsule forward
toward the articular eminence. In
addition, the disc may move slightly
choice here.

FOUR MAJOR CUSPS

distolingual cusp of the maxillary molar
As you go from maxillary first to becomes less and less prominent as
second to third molar, the MOST you go from first to second to third
significant progressive change molar. The shape of maxillary molars is
throughout the three teeth is usually rhomboid, but it may be lost
A. loss of rhomboid shape primarily in the third (but not second)
B. loss of Carabelli cusp on the third molar. The Carabelli cusp (trait) is a
C. decrease in size of one of the four the mesiolingual cusp of the first (but
major cusps not second) molar. All three molars
D. loss of oblique ridge on the third generally have an oblique ridge
molar connecting the mesiolingual and
At 9 years of age how many primary 4

teeth remain in the mouth?
A. 0 The correct answer is choice D. By nine
B. 4 years of age,the child has usually lost
C. 8 mandibular central (6-7 years),
D. 12 mandibular lateral (7-8 years),
E. 18 maxillary central (7-8 years) and
maxillary lateral (8-9 years) incisors.
and 6 lower teeth.

distolingual groove extends from the
occlusal surface onto the lingual. This
separates the distolingual and
Because of the presence of a fissured mesiolingual cusps. It is often deep,
groove cavity preparations MOST and when restored often cames the
frequently need to be extended from preparation onto the lingual surface.
the occlusal surface to the The facial groove generally does not
A. facial surface of maxillary molars. extend deeply onto the facial surface
B. lingual surface of maxillary molars. so that it requires facial extension. The
C. lingual surface of mandibular lingual groove of mandibular molars
molars. tends to stay on the occlusal surface,
D. lingual surface of mandibular first and not go deeply down onto the
premolars. lingual. The lingual surface of
occlusal surface.
Calcification of six-year molars begins The correct answer is choice C. This

A. at 6 years question is commonly asked on NDB. It
B. 6 months prenatal is the only tooth whose average
C. at birth beginning of calcification coincides
D. 6 months postnatal with birth. It is also the first permanent
E. at approximately 3 years of age tooth to begin calcifying. Calcification
roughly, but not exactly, follows the
order of eruption. Generally, teeth
that begin to calcify first, erupt first,
but there are many exceptions to this
rule. An example of the rule, (and not
the exception) is found in molars

pterygoid muscle moves the condyle
forward, downward and medially. It
originates on the lateral pterygoid
plate and inserts on the neck of the
condyle and the articular disk. Choice
#1: Initial closure of the mandible is
accomplished by the masseter and
Contraction of the lateral pterygoid medial pterygoid muscles. The
muscle produces masseter originates on the zypomatic
1. initial upward closure of the arch and inserts on the outer surface
mandible. of the angle of the mandible. The
2. forward movement of the condyle medial pterygoid muscle originates on
from the articular fossa. the lateral pterygoid plate and inserts
3. posterior displacement of the on the inner surface of the angle of the
condyle from the articular eminence. mandible. Choice #3: Posterior
4. final forceful closure of the molars displacement of the condyle is
through a bolus of food. accomplished mostly by the posterior
The correct answer is choice B. In a
During a working movement of the
working movement (let's assume left
mandible, the facial cusp ridges of the
working), the mandible will move left,
maxillary first premolar on the working
and the left I maxillary first premolar
side oppose which of the following
facial cusp, which is a non-supporting
mandibular structures?
cusp, will make contact with the
A. The facial embrasure between the
mandibular facial surfaces as they
canine and the first premolar
move past. The mandibular teeth are
B. The distal cusp ridge of the first
positioned one half tooth mesial to the
premolar and the mesial cusp ridge of
maxillary, so the maxillary first
the second premolar
premolar should contact I both its
C. The distal cusp ridge of the second
counterpart, but also the tooth just
distal to its counterpart. Therefore,
the first molar
both the first and second mandibular
D. The mesiofacial groove of the first
premolar facial surfaces will make
molar.
contact.
The correct choice is 3. The teeth are

in the intercuspatory position when
During nonmasticatory swallowing,
swallowing occurs. In fact, telling a
teeth are usually
patient to swallow is often a good way
1. protruded.
to get a patient into maximum
2. in a working arrangement.
intercuspation. Choice #4: Non-
3. in contact in intercuspal position.
masticatory swallowing occurs
4. None of the above. This is a
nonexistent act.

During the eruption of permanent must be bone resorption coronal to
teeth, which bone processes occur? the emerging crown to have room for
A. Both resorption and deposition the crown to move into to approach
B. Neither resorption nor deposition the soft tissue (gingiva) above it. Bone
C. Resorption only deposition is also logical but less
D. Deposition only obvious. There must be bone

EXCEPTION?
A. Mesiofacial
B. Mesiolingual
C. Distofacial
D. Distolingual
when present.
The correct choice is 5. The

periodontal ligament does not
participate in the epithelial attachment
to the tooth. This is maintained by the
junctional epithelium of the gingival
Each of the following is a function of sulcus. The periodontal ligament
the periodontal ligament EXCEPT carries nerves and blood vessels, which
1. sensory. are the sensory and nutritive
2. nutritional. functions; it supports the tooth via the
3. supportive via the fibers. fibers; and has cementoblasts,
4. formative via its cellular elements. osteoblasts and fibroblasts which
5. maintenance of the epithelial make up the formative function. It has
attachment a fifth protective function to cushion
protective.
Each of the following morphologic The correct answer is choice D. Incisors

structures can be seen on any incisor generally contain both mesial and
EXCEPT one. Which one is this distal marginal ridges, and a
EXCEPTION? depression between them, the lingual
A. Cingulum fossa. Incisors, as well as canines
B. Mesial marginal ridge contain a cingulum, or pronounced
C. Lingual fossa lingual bump near the cervical end of
D. Transverse ridge the crown. A transverse ridge is not
lingual cusps.

maxillary. The eruption of the
maxillary is more predictable, with
Exfoliation of primary canines is most
most occurring between 11 and 12.
likely to occur during the age range
The mandibular may erupt as early as
A. 6-7
9, but normally at 10-11. Eruption
B. 8-9
times, of course, are averages and are
C. 10-11
D. 12-13
From a proximal view, which of the The correct answer is choice 1. A

following describes the crown outline maxillary canine has an almost vertical
on a mandibular posterior tooth? inclination when viewed proximally.
A. It is designed to protect against root Maxillary lateral incisors, choice 2, lean
fracture by having the crown structure slightly more buccally when viewed
serve as root support. from the proximal and maxillary
B. It is designed to allow for a centrals slightly more. In actual
minimum amount of chewing degrees, the canines are 16 degrees
efficiency on the coronal surface of the off of vertical while the maxillary
tooth. laterals and centrals are 26 and 28,
C. It is usually rhomboidal and has a respectively. Do not spend time
design flaw that encourages cusp remembering the numbers. The most
fracture. vertical maxillary teeth are the first
D. It is usually trapezoidal and has a and second premolars, 5 and 6 degrees
design flaw that encourages cusp from vertical respectively. Mandibular
fracture. centrals and laterals are 22 and 23
choice 1.

palatal root of the maxillary first molar
From the facial view, the maxillary first tends to diverge outwards in a palatal
molar has its lingual root apex in line direction, but be approximately
with which of the following? centered in the mesio-distal direction.
A. Facial groove Looking at it from the facial should
B. Distofacial line angle place it behind the facial (buccal)
C. Distofacial cusp tip groove. This groove separates the
D. Mesiofacial cusp tip mesiobuccal and distobuccal cusps.
E. Mesiodistal diameter midpoint Since the mesiobuccal cusp is larger,
From the incisal aspect, the crown of a The correct answer is choice D. From
maxillary canine normally exhibits the incisal, the crown of the maxillary
which of the following? canine is somewhat rhomboidal or
A. A trapezoidal outline diamond shaped. Its mesial portion is
B. Symmetry between its mesial and wider bucco-lingually than its distal
distal portions portion, and is more bulbous and
C. A mesial portion that is thinner convex as well. The distal portion is
faciolingually than the distal portion narrower and concave on the labial
D. A distal portion that displays some surface, showing a depression there. In
concavity in its facial outline all dimensions, the maxillary canine is
E. Less faciolingual thickness than the larger than its mandibular counterpart.
The correct answer is choice C. Cingula

is the plural for cingulum, a rounded
protuberance or elevation located on
the lingual surfaces of anterior teeth.
Therefore, central incisors, lateral
How many cingula exist in each arch?
incisors, and canines all have
A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 8
E. 12
total of six teeth.

fully developed?
1. Immediately
2. 3 months
3. 2 or 3 years
4. 5 or 6 years
young people.

If a permanent maxillary first molar most common arrangement of root
has a fourth root canal, it will usually canals in the maxillary first molar is
be found in three, one in each root (mesiobuccal,
A. Its own fourth root distobuccal, palatal). A 4 canaled
B. The mesiobuccal root version is fairly common. The orifice to
C. The mesiolingual root the canal is located in the area
D. The palatal (lingual) root between the orifice to the mesiobuccal
E. It cannot be found: a maxillary first and palatal canals. The canal itself is
molar always has three root canals located in the mesiobucccal root. It is
estimated that 30-40% of maxillary
first molars have this orifice, whether

A. Maxillary first
B. Mandibular first
C. Maxillary second
E. All premolars
The correct answer is choice C. Lets

look at a normal Class I relationship
In a Class II occlusal relationship, the first. The facial cusp of the mandibular
tip of the facial cusp of a mandibular first premolar is a holding cusp that
first premolar lies directly below the contacts the mesial marginal ridge of
contacting area between which the maxillary first premolar and comes
maxillary teeth? close to contacting the distal of the
A. Canine and lateral incisor maxillary canine. In a Class II
B. Canine and first premolar relationship, move the mandible
C. First and second premolars backwards (distally), and the
D. Second premolar and first molar mandibular first premolar will now be
premolars.
In a permanent mandibular first molar, The correct answer is choice C. The

what developmental groove separates occlusal surface of the mandibular first
the distofacial cusp from the distal molar consists of five cusps: MB, DB,
cusp? ML, DL, and distal. There are three
A. Facial major pits: mesial, central, and distal.
B. Buccal A central groove connects the mesial
C. Distofacial and central pits and also separates the
D. Mesiofacial MB and ML cusps. A mesiobuccal
E. Oblique groove separates the MB from the DB
cusp. A distobuccal (distofacial) groove
separates the DB cusp from the distal
ML and DL cusps.

A. Central incisor
B. Lateral incisor
The correct answer is choice B. By age

six, permanent first molars are usually
In an eight-year-old patient, which present. By age seven, the mandibular
teeth are expected to be present? incisors and the maxillary centrals are
A. Permanent central and lateral usually in. Maxillary laterals often
incisors, premolars, and first molars, erupt around ages seven to eight.
with primary canines Since canines usually erupt between 9
B. Permanent central and lateral and 11 years, we still expect primary
incisors, and first molars, with primary canines in our eight-year-old. Similarly,
canines and molars for premolars, the range may be from
C. Permanent central and lateral 9 years up to about 12 years, so
incisors, canines, and first molars, with primary molars, not premolars, should
primary molars be present in our eightyear- old. Note
D. All permanent teeth, except second that, as previously stated, the question
and third molars must choose a pretty definitive age,
such as eight. Choosing age 10 would

facial cusps of maxillary molars are
distofacial cusp of a maxillary first
guiding cusps and oppose grooves on
molar opposes which feature on a
the facial surface of mandibular teeth.
mandibular first molar?
Since the mandible is about one half
A. The distal cusp
tooth forward of the maxilla, we look
B. The distofacial cusp
for a groove one half tooth distal to
C. The distofacial developmental
the distofacial area of the maxillary
groove
molar. This is the groove between the
D. The rnesiofaciai developmental
distobuccal and distal cusp of the
groove
mandibular molar.

In an ideal intercuspal relation in a
Maxillary posterior teeth generally
normal dentition, each of the following
contact their own counterpart in the
teeth contacts each other EXCEPT one.
mandibular arch, and the tooth just
Which one is this EXCEPTION?
distal to it. Maxillary first premolars
A. Maxillary first premolar and
premolars. Maxillary first molars
B. Maxillary first molar and mandibular
second premolar
molars. Maxillary second premolars
C. Maxillary second premolar and
contact mandibular second premolars
mandibular first molar
and first molars. Maxillary second
D. Maxillary second molar and
molars contact mandibular second
mandibular third molar
In an ideal intercuspal relation, the The answer is choice E. Facial cusps of

mesiofacial cusps of the mandibular mandibular teeth are supporting cusps
second molars contact the maxillary and occlude on marginal ridges of the
molars in (on) the maxillary teeth except for the
A. distal fossae of the second. distobuccal cusp of the molars which
B. central fossae of the second. occludes with the central fossa of the
C. lingual embrasures between the maxillary molars and the distal cusp of
first and second. the mandibular first molar which
D. facial embrasures between the first occludes with the distal triangular
and second. fossa of the first maxilary molar. So the
E. mesial marginal ridges of the mesiofacial cusp of the mandibular
second. second molar should contact the distal
marginal ridge of the maxillary first

molar in (on) the
A. central fossa.
B. distal fossa.
C. mesial fossa.

oblique ridge of the maxillary first
distolingual cusp of the maxillary first
molar opposes which structure of the
molar occludes with the mesial
mandibular molar?
marginal ridge of the second molar
A. The interproximal area between
and the distal marginal ridge of the
first and second
first molar. Therefore, the oblique
B. The developmental groove between
ridge, which is slightly mesial to the
the mesiofacial and distofacial cusps of
distolingual cusp of the maxillary first,
the first
should occlude with something slightly
C. The developmental groove between
mesial to the area just mentioned. This
the mesiolingual and distolingual cusps
would be the area between the distal
of the first
cusp and distobuccal cusp of the first
D. The developmental groove between
molar. This is the distobuccal groove
the distofacial and distal cusps of the
area.
first
In an ideal occlusion, maxillary The correct answer is choice C.

posterior tooth buccal cusps oppose Maxillary LINGUAL cusps and
A. marginal ridges only mandibular buccal cusps are holding
B. marginal ridges and fossae (support) cusps, whereas maxillary
C. grooves and embrasures BUCCAL cusps and mandibular lingual
D. grooves and marginal ridges cusps are guiding cusps. Therefore, the
maxillary buccal cusps lie slightly
buccal to the mandibular buccal cusps
and will fit into grooves and
embrasures, such as the buccal
movements.

pattern?
1. H
2. L
3. U
4. Y
5. +
The correct answer is choice C. In cross

section mandibular canine roots are
In cervical cross-section, the root of a
roughly oval. They are longer bucco-
mandibular canine is described as
lingually. and narrower mesio-distally.
A. triangular.
They are slightly wider towards the
B. roughly conical.
buccal. The pulp canal tends to be
C. flattened in a mesiodistal direction.
ovalish as well. Maxillary canine root
D. broader mesiodistally on the lingual
than on the facial.
lingual direction.
In contrast to maxillary canine crowns, The correct answer is choice E. In

mandibular canine crowns have which general, when comparing maxillary
of the following anatomically? and mandibular canines you will find
A. Greater measurements, that the mandibular canines are
mesiodistally smaller (mesio-distally AND bucco-
B. Greater measurements, lingually), they lack lingual pits,
faciolingually (maxillary canines have them as rare
C. More accentuated marginal ridges variants) have smaller cingula, and less
D. Well-defined lingual pits pronounced marginal ridges.
E. Less-pronounced cingula Mandibular canines are more
symmetrical when viewed from the
occlusal.

of the tooth involved. Teeth with
circular or conical shaped roots can
easily be rotated during extraction. To
a lesser extent, a slightly oval shaped
root could also be rotated during
In extraction of premolars, the dentist
extraction. Multi-rooted teeth and
may sometimes use a rotation or
teeth with extremely broad, flat, fused
circular motion. Which premolar
roots cannot be rotated without
should NEVER be extracted with this
fracture of the root or crown. While
type of motion?
A. Maxillary first
B. Maxillary second
C. Mandibular first
In normal occlusion, and in a left The correct answer is choice D. The

working movement, the mesiofacial mesiofacial cusp of the maxillary
cusp of the maxillary left second molar second molar is a guiding cusp. It will
passes through which of the following pass through an area on the facial
mandibular structures? surface of a mandibular tooth. Since
A. The embrasure between the left the mandible is about one half tooth
first and second premolars forward relative to the maxilla, look for
B. The embrasure between the left a surface on the mandibular second
first and second molars molar facial area, slightly distal to the
C. The facial groove of the left first area of the mesiobuccal cusp. This is
D. The facial groove of the left second
molar
first molar


Although there is some variation in
eruption times, the most usual order
of eruption in the maxillary arch is first
premolar, second premolar, canine. In
In relation to maxillary canines, the mandibular arch it is most often
maxillary first premolars usually erupt: canine, first premolar, second
A. before canines premolar. The mandibular version
B. after canines generally erupts before the maxillary.
C. at nearly the same time as canines Two year ranges for the teeth in

heart shaped form.
The correct choice is #4. On the

diagram of [Posselt's] envelope of
In the diagram of Posselt's envelope of motion, the intercuspal position is the
motion, maximum intercuspal position most superior point labelled #3 on the
is the diagram. Choice #1: The lowest point is
1. lowest point. #8 which is the position of maximum
2. most anterior point. opening. Choice #2: The most anterior
3. most posterior point. point is #1, the maximum protruded
4. most superior point. position. Choice #3: The most
contact position.
In which of the following molars is the The correct choice is 2. The triangular
mesial fossa most distinctly separated ridges of the mesiobuccal and
from the remainder of the occlusal mesiolingual cusps of the mandibular
table by a transverse ridge? first molar join to form a transverse
1. Maxillary first ridge which separates the mesial fossa
2. Mandibular first from the rest of the occlusal table. This
3. Maxillary second transverse ridge is not quite as
4. Mandibular second prominent in the mandibular second
molar which is choice #4. Choices #1
and 3: In the maxillary molars, the
central fossa is separated from the
distobuccal cusps.


Bennett movement involves whole
Mandibular lateral translation body movement of the mandible in a
(Bennett movement) occurs during the lateral direction. Lets use process of
A. earliest stage of lateral movement. elimination for our answers. In lateral
B. latter stage of protrusive movement, both rotation and
movement. translation occur. Translation occurs
C. middle stage of retrusive particularly on the working side of the
movement. TMJ, in combination with some
D. hinge axis movement of the rotation, primarily rotation around a
mandible. vertical axis. The translation
E. ending stage of exhibiting a border component is known as the Bennett
movement. shift, and is a whole body shift of the
working side of the mandible of about
1 mm laterally. Protrusive movement

most well known mesial concavity on
both crown and root is on the mesial
of the maxillary first premolar. So we
Maxillary tooth crowns exhibit
are most likely going to choose
concavities on which of the following
between choices A and D. The central
surfaces?
incisor does not have a mesial crown
A. The mesial of central incisor and
concavity, although a root groove may
first premolar
be present. Likewise, the canine often
B. The mesial of canine and first molar
has proximal root concavities that do
C. The distal of first premolar and the
not extend to the crown. Second
mesial surface of second molar
premolars and distals of first
D. The mesial of first premolar and the
premolars also may have this trait, but
distal of first molar
E. The distal of the first molar and the
mesial of the second molar
Mesial inclination of lingual cusps is The correct answer is choice 3. Mesial

present in which maxillary premolars? inclination of lingual cusps is present
1. First premolars only on both maxillary premolars. This
2. Second premolars only means that when viewed from the
3. Both first and second premolars lingual, the lingual cusp tends to lean
4. Neither first nor second premolars towards the mesial and most of the
lingual cusp is mesial to the midline. t
It is a characteristic of the maxillary

lingual grooves.
posterior to centric occlusion or

maximum intercuspation. It also
represents a position where the
condylar head is located closer to the
distal section of the glenoid fossa.
Moving the mandible from a maximum Because retruded contact implies that
intercuspal position to a retruded the teeth are not in complete
contact position usually results in occlusion which is the greatest
1. increased occlusal vertical intercuspation and smallest vertical
dimension. dimension, they are therefore slightly
2. increased horizontal overlap. farther apart with a greater vertical
3. decreased vertical overlap. dimension. If the mandible moves
4. all of these. posteriorly, there will be greater
distance from the mandibular
anteriors to the maxillary anteriors or
choice 4.

A. Cuspal
B. Central
C. Marginal
D. Oblique
E. Transverse


maxillary first molar has three pits, the
On the occlusal surface of a maxillary mesial, distal and central. The
first molar, the total number of pits is maxillary first premolar generally has
normally the same as found on the two, a mesial and a distal, as does the
occlusal surface of which premolar? maxillary second. The mandibular first
A. Maxillary first generally has the same two. The U
B. Mandibular first type mandibular second premolar is
C. Maxillary second the two cusped type, with the same
D. U-type mandibular second two pits. However, the Y type is the
E. Y-type mandibular second three cusped type, which contains a
and distal.
Perikymata are normal enamel
features. Line of Retzius which form
early in enamel formation complete an
Perikymata are the result of arc of enamel and return to the
1. enamel hyperplasia. dentinal enamel junction. Later lines of
2. enamel hypoplasia. Retzius do not complete an arc-like
3. interstitial growth. pattern and terminate on the enamel
4. normal enamel apposition. surface. They form a series of grooves
5. early ameloblastic degeneration. and elevations at the enamel surface.

review them one by one. Primary
molars generally have lighter, thinner
root trunks. The roots are smaller due
to the smaller size of the tooth and the
widespread position of the roots to
surround the developing crown of the
Primary molars differ from permanent succedaneous tooth. So choice 1 is
molars in that primary molars incorrect. Choice 2 is also incorrect. A
1. have heavier root trunks. number of primary molars have
2. tend to have less pronounced pronounced cervical ridges, including
cervical ridges. the primary maxillary first molar and
3. have thicker enamel compared to primary mandibular first molar. Choice
the total bulk of crowns. 3 is incorrect. Primary teeth are
4. have flatter facial and lingual generally characterized by thinner
surfaces extending from the occlusal enamel. Choice 4 is our correct
to the cervical ridge. answer. The facial and lingual outline

Prominent cervical ridges are
teeth?
characteristic of certain primary teeth.
A. Linguals of molars and buccals of
There is a constriction of the tooth at
incisors
the cervical line, giving a bulge or ridge
B. Buccals and linguals of molars and
effect immediately incisal to the CEJ.
buccals of incisors
These cervical ridges are found on the
C. Linguals of incisors and buccals of
buccal and lingual of primary anteriors,
molars
and the buccal only of molars. In
D. Buccals and linguals of incisors and
molars, the cervical ridge makes the
buccals of molars
occlusal table look constricted as the
E. Buccals of molars and buccals of
tooth is viewed from the occlusal.
incisors

masseter and medial pterygoid act
Protrusive movement is produced primarily to close (elevate) the
primarily because of contracture of mandible. They form the "masseteric
which of the following muscles? sling". The temporalis can both elevate
A. Masseter and retract the mandible, depending
B. Mylohyoid on which fibers are contracted. The
C. Temporalis mylohyoid can play a very small role as
D. Medial pterygoid an accessory in opening (depressing)
E. Lateral pterygoid the mandible. The lateral pterygoid is

The anterior tooth LEAST likely to have concavities are grooves running
a mesial or distal root concavity is the: vertically along the proximal side of a
A. Maxillary central incisor root. They may be shallow or deep,
B. Maxillary canine and if deep, may make the teeth
C. Mandibular canine appear double rooted. All of the
D. Mandibular central incisor mandibular anteriors can have this
E. Mandibular lateral incisor groove. It can be especially deep in
mandibular canines, approaching a
double-rooted appearance. It is also
common in maxillary canines, although

root apices.

review the terminology of lateral or
The Bennett movement is best working movements. The side to which
described as the the mandible moves is known as the
1. medial shift of the working condyle. working side and the condyle of that
2. lateral movement of the non- side is the working condyle. The
working condyle. opposite side is known as the
direction of the working condyle. working condyle exhibits a small
4. bodily shift of the mandible in the sliding lateral movement during lateral
direction of the non-working condyle. excursions and this is known as the
The cemental union of two fully The correct answer is choice 2. Let's
formed teeth that were originally define the five terms. Choice 1, fusion,
separate entities is is incorrect. Fusion is the result of two
1. fusion. adjacent teeth joined by a union of
2. concrescence. dentin. The result is a large crown or
3. dilaceration. double crown with two distinct root
4. dens in dente. canals. Choice 2 is correct.
5. hypercementosis. Concrescence is the joining of roots of
occurs after the teeth are formed and
have most implications in terms of the
difficulty of extraction. Choice 3 is
incorrect. Dilaceration of a root refers
to a sharp angular deviation of the
root from its normal long axis. Choice 4
is incorrect. Dens in dente refers to an
inpocketing of the enamel organ into
The correct answer is choice C. At this

The concept of using a lateral
stage (pre-prosthodontics), we can
checkbite record to set a respective
ignore the discussion of the lateral
condylar inclination implies which of
checkbite and just look to see which of
the following?
our answer choices are true. In a
A. That the non-working side condyle
working (lateral) movement, the
has traveled against the posterior wall
mandible moves toward the working
of the fossa
side. The condyle rotates and
B. That the working side condyle has
translates on the working side, and
traveled down the slope of the
moves slightly laterally (Eliminate
articular eminence
choice D). The condyle will only travel
C. That the non-working side condyle
down the slope of the articular
has moved anteriorly and medially
eminence during the translation phase
D. That the working side condyle has
of opening (depression). (Eliminate
moved toward the medial wall of the
choice B). During a working
glenoid fossa movement, the non-working condyle

Its function is to depress or open the
mandible, to move the mandible
sideways in working movements, and
The contraction of the lateral
to protrude the mandible or cause the
pterygoid muscle causes
mandible to move forward. When this
1. the initial upward closure of the
occurs, the condyle moves anteriorly
mandible.
from its place in the articular or
2. forward movement of the condyle
glenoid fossa. So choice 2 is correct.
from the articular fossa.
Choices 1 and 4 are incorrect because
3. posterior displacement of the
they deal with closure or elevation of
condyle from the articular eminence.
4. the final forceful closure of the
molars through a bolus of food.
The dentist instructs the patient, who The correct answer is choice A. As a
has a severed left lateral pterygoid rule, the mandible will move TOWARD
muscle, to open wide. The patient's the injured side. Imagine both lateral
mandible will move in which direction? pterygoids ; contracting and
A. To the left attempting to pull both condyles
B. To the right forward. However, only the right side
C. In a straight protrusive direction can move. The right side of the
D. In a retrusive direction mandible will move forward and
medially as the left condyle stays in
the same position. The mandible



The healthy free gingiva aids in the free gingiva when healthy and not
selfcleansing process by inflamed forms a snug fitting soft
1. directing food particles toward the tissue collar around the tooth. It
occlusal surface. prevents food and debris from
2. forcing particles away from the entering the sulcus. It cannot direct
proximal space. food to the occlusal surface, choice 1.
3. deflecting particles away from the This is done partially by the cheeks and
free gingiva onto the interdental tongue. Choices 2 and 3 are also
papillae. incorrect. Gingiva cannot force food
4. adhering closely to the tooth surface particles in any direction as it is not a
below the height of contour of the movable tissue. So it does not force
cervical enamel. food either into the interproximal area
or away from it. Note also that forcing

following teeth?
incisors
canine
The lingual cusp(s) on which of the

following mandibular posterior teeth is
mandibular tooth which has the most
(are) approximately 2/3 the height of
noticeable size difference between its
the respective facial cusp(s)?
buccal and lingual cusps is the
A. First premolar
mandibular first premolar. The tooth is
B. Second premolar
very canine-like in form and unlike the
C. First molar
three other premolars which have
D. Second molar
buccal and lingual cusps of similar size.
E. Third molar
The lingual cusps of a mandibular first The correct answer is choice 2. Lingual
molar must be restored to cusps of mandibular molars are
accommodate nonsupport cusps. The supporting
1. centric relation. cusps, the buccal cusps of mandibular
2. working movement. teeth and lingual cusps of maxillary
3. non-working movement. teeth are involved in both centric
4. protrusive position. occlusion or maximum intercuspation.
5. maximum intercuspation. choice 5. and centric relation or
Nonsupport cusps, such as mandibular
linguals, are not involved. They will be
involved in working movements.
choice 2. For example, in a left working
movement, the mandible shifts left
and the lingual cusps of the left
mandibular teeth will be involved in
chewing. On the nonworking side, the
The correct answer is choice C. Cortical

bone refers to the outer layer of
compact bone (usually with Haversian
systems). Inner bone is usually spongy,
with spicules of bone surrounded by
The most external layer of alveolar marrow, and the spongy bone is not
bone is the: organized into Haversian systems. The
A. Spongy bone term bundle bone refers to cortical
B. Spicule bone bone with embedded collagen fibers,
C. Cortical bone as in the periodontal ligament. Woven
D. Woven bone bone refers to early stages of bone
E. Cribriform plate formation by the intramembranous
most symmetrical primary tooth, when
viewed from the labial or lingual is the
mandibular central incisor. The incisal
edge is straight and horizontal. The
The most symmetrical primary tooth, mesio-incisal and disto-incisal angles
when viewed from the labial or lingual, are close to 90 degrees. In the
is the: mandibular lateral, the body of the
A. Maxillary central crown is slightly rotated, and the
B. Maxillary lateral incisal edge tilts downward distally.
C. Mandibular central The maxillary central incisor has a
D. Mandibular lateral decidedly rounded disto-incisal angle,
The correct answer is choice E.

The parotid duct is called
Stensen's duct empties the parotid
A. Stensen's duct, and empties near
gland into the buccal vestibule near
the maxillary second premolar
the location of the buccal side of the
B. Wharton's duct and empties
maxillary second molar. Wharton's
through the floor of the mouth
duct empties the submandibular gland,
C. Wharton's duct and empties near
and some secretions from the
the maxillary second molars
sublingual gland, into the floor of the
D. Stensen's duct and empties near the
mouth underneath the tongue. The
mandibular second molars
sublingual gland empties into the floor
E. Stensen's duct and empties near the
of the mouth through a series of
maxillary second molars
The periodontal ligament fibers are C. Collagenous

following connective tissues?
A. Hyaline The correct answer is choice C. The
B. Elastic periodontal ligament fibers are
C. Collagenous primarily composed of collagen.
D. Fibrocartilagenous Hyaline cartilage is found on bone joint
surfaces, in the trachea and nose,
alveolar bone.

second premolar typically has a Y-
shaped groove pattern with mesial,
distal and lingual grooves intersecting
in a single central pit. The incorrect
The premolar that most frequently has choices:
a single central pit is the Choice #I : The maxillary first pre-
1. maxillary first. molar usually does not have a central
2. maxillary second. pit, but a central groove with mesial
3. mandibular first. and distal pits at each end. This is also
4. mandibular second. true of choice #2, the maxillary second
The primary maxillary canine is usually 3. 10 and 11 years.

exfoliated between the ages of
1. 6 and 7 years.
2. 8 and 9 years. The correct answer is choice 3. Primary
3. 10 and 11 years. maxillary canines are usually exfoliated
4. 12 and 13 years. between ages 10 and 11. Let's review
exfoliation of other primary teeth.
lost at approximately age 6 for
mandibulars and age 7 for maxillaries.
Laterals are lost at approximately 7 for
mandibular and 8 for maxillaries.
Canines are lost at about 10 for
mandibular and 11 for maxillary. First

teeth?
primary mandibular first molar has the
A. Maxillary first molar
most prominent buccal cervical ridge.
The "pot belly" is most visible as the
D. Mandibular second molar
D. Dentin formation
The primary purpose of dental pulp is: The correct answer is choice D. The
A. Sensation odontoblasts, present in the outer
B. Proprioception layer of the pulp tissue, produce
C. Enamel formation dentin. Dentin is the primary structural
D. Dentin formation material of teeth, and attaches to both
E. Inflammatory response other dental tissues, cementum and
damage to the teeth. Proprioception,
in general, is viewed as a protective
response. Pulp can possibly be viewed
as having a slight proprioceptive
function. Proprioception is defined as
the sense of position or space of a
pulp.

spaces.
The proximal contact of posterior
teeth creates wear patterns that
eventually cause The correct answer is choice 4. Slow
1. gingival recession. gradual wear occurs interproximally at
2. increased length of clinical crowns. the contact point of adjacent posterior
3. decreased length of anatomic teeth. As this occurs over a lifetime,
crowns. the mesiodistal width of the teeth
4. reduced interproximal embrasure become slightly less. The teeth
spaces. become closer and the interproximal
embrasure space becomes narrower.
Choice 1 is incorrect because
interproximal wear on teeth would not
have a direct impact on gingival
recession. Gingival recession is often
related to periodontal disease andlor
traumatic abrasion of the gingiva.
Choices 2 and 3 are incorrect. Wear

Maxillary first molar roots are most in
danger of entering the maxillary sinus.
In general, the three teeth in the
The root tip most likely to be forced
vicinity of the sinus are the second
premolar. first molar and second
1. maxillary first premolar.
2. permanent maxillary canine.
4. permanent maxillary central incisor.
5. primary maxillary second molar at
age 12.
is choice 3.
A. central incisor.

too far anterior.
E. the growth of the dental arches.
The correct answer is choice E. Spacing

is common in the primary dentition.
Remember that the maxilla and
The spacing between anterior teeth in mandible must both grow sufficiently
a 5-year-old child is MOST frequently to contain the larger size of the
caused by permanent dentition, as compared to
A. the presence of an excessive the smaller primary dentition. The
maxillary anterior frenum. other choices listed CAN cause
B. the pressure from succedaneous spacing. An excessive anterior frenum
teeth. can prevent the maxillary anteriors
C. thumb-sucking. from contacting. The pressure from
D. tongue thrusting. permanent teeth erupting may move
E. the growth of the dental arches. the primary teeth at various angles.

1. thumb-sucking.
teeth.
C. articular disk

The tissue found above the condylar connective tissue that acts as a
head and below the articular fossa of cushion between the condylar head
the TMJ is called the and the articular (glenoid) fossa of the
A. acapsule temporal bone. It also separates the
B. temporomandibular ligament upper and lower compartments of the
C. articular disk joint. The articular capsule is the
D. sphenomandibular ligament fibrous connective tissue structure
E. lateral pterygoid muscle that surrounds the entire joint

Mandibular first molars, like all teeth,
have a significant number of
anatomical variations. However, the
other three teeth listed are considered
The tooth showing the LEAST amount to be the most variable in the mouth.
of anatomic variability is the: Third molars have extreme varieties in
A. Maxillary third molar crown shape, root shape, root number
B. Mandibular first molar etc. They may look like first or second
C. Maxillary lateral incisor molars, or may be mere pegs. They are
D. Mandibular third molar often missing. Variation in maxillary
The wear facets on the incisal edges of 2. maxillary central and lateral
the mandibular lateral incisors are incisors
1. maxillary central incisors only. The correct answer is choice 2.
2. maxillary central and lateral Mandibular lateral incisors are situated
incisors slightly mesially to the maxillary
3. maxillary lateral incisors and lateral. As a rule, the mandibular teeth
canines. are one half tooth mesial to the
A. Translation
A. Translation
B. Rotation
C. Hinge
D. Oblique

What is the most reliable and maxillary molars differ from each other
consistent way to distinguish maxillary in several ways, although the general
first, second and third molars? patterns of morphology are shared. As
A. number of cusps you go from 1st to 2nd to 3rd, the
B. size of the distobuccal cusp teeth become smaller in overall
C. inclination of the roots dimension. Most maxillary molars have
D. extent to which the roots are fused four cusps, however, the first molar
E. size of the distolingual cusp may have a 5th cusp, the Carabelli
third molars.
What is the most reliable and The correct answer is choice E. The
consistent way to distinguish maxillary maxillary molars differ from each other
first, second and third molars? in several ways, although the general
A. number of cusps patterns of morphology are shared. As
B. size of the distobuccal cusp you go from 1st to 2nd to 3rd, the
C. inclination of the roots teeth become smaller in overall
D. extent to which the roots are fused dimension. Most maxillary molars have
E. size of the distolingual cusp four cusps, however, the first molar
third molars.
B. ankylosis
cementum of a root, it is known as The correct answer is choice B.
A. gemination Ankylosis refers to fusion or union of
B. ankylosis cementum to tooth root. Clinically, this
C. hypercementosis may be important because ankylosed
D. gomphosis teeth are difficult to extract, and bone
E. dilaceration may be removed with the root.
tooth root.
D. Incisors

primary anesthetic injection for
mandibular teeth for both restoration
and extraction is the inferior alveolar
When anesthetizing the mandibular
nerve block. It is supplemented
variously by the lingual nerve block,
is usually performed. However, local
mental nerve block, long buccal nerve
infiltration may be effective. It is most
block or local infiltration. Local
likely to be effective in the area of the:
infiltration can occasionally be
A. Molars
B. Premolars
C. Canines
D. Incisors
E. Local infiltration is generally
effective throughout the arch.

is
grooves.
grooves.
grooves.
transverse ridge.
1
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A 1-year-old child is expected to have The correct choice is 2= INCISORS AND

erupted which of the following primary FIRST MOLARS
maxillary and mandibular teeth? . A 12-month-old child generally has all
1. lncisors and canines of the primary incisors and first
2. lncisors and first molars molars. The primary mandibular
3. Central incisors and canines central incisors erupt at 6 months, the
4. Mandibular central and lateral mandibular laterals at 7 months, the
incisors and maxillary central incisors maxillary centrals at 7-12 months, the
maxillary laterals at 9 months, and the
maxillary and mandibular first molars
at 12 months, although the maxillary
first primary molar may not erupt until

A 1-year-old child is expected to have primary incisors and first molars. The
erupted which of the following primary primary mandibular central incisors
maxillary and mandibular teeth? erupt at 6 months, the mandibular
1. lncisors and canines laterals at 7 months, the maxillary
2. lncisors and first molars centrals at 7-12 months, the maxillary
3. Central incisors and canines laterals at 9 months, and the maxillary
4. Mandibular central and lateral and mandibular first molars at 12
incisors and maxillary central incisors months, although the maxillary first
primary molar may not erupt until

review the cranial nerves to the
tongue. Firstly, all intrinsic and
extrinsic tongue muscles receive motor
innervation from the hypoglossal
nerve cranial nerve XII except the
A branch of which of the following sensation of the anterior two-thirds of
cranial nerves to the tongue may be the tongue is provided by the lingual
anesthetized during administration of branch of the mandibular division of
an inferior alveolar block? the trigeminal, cranial nerve V. Taste
1. V sensation of the anterior two-thirds of
2. VII the tongue is provided by the chorda
3. IX tympani, a branch of the facial nerve,
4. XII cranial nerve VII. Taste and regular
DENS IN DENTE

term "dens-in dente" refers to
A deep invagination of the lingual pit in the"tooth within a tooth" appearance
a maxillary lateral incisor can be called on radiograph of a lateral incisor with
A. dilaceration a deeply invaginated lingual pit. The pit
B. fusion may have the size and shape of a small
C. concrescence tooth. Dilaceration refers to a sudden
D. anodontia change of direction of a root. Fusion
E. dens in dente refers to the joining of two teeth by
teeth.
ANODONTIA

A developmental abnormality in which variety of genetic, metabolic or
all teeth are absent is hormonal problems. Microdontia
A. Microdontia refers to the presence of teeth
B. Oligodontia markedly smaller dentin than normal
C. Anodontia size. Oligodontia refers to the absence
D. Exodontia of many, but not all teeth. A few
E. Odontoma missing teeth are sometimes referred
to as hypodontia. Supernumerary
teeth can be referred to as
A METABOLIC DISTURBANCE DURING

INFANCY AND THE EARLY CHILDHOOD
PERIODS

Hypoplasia involves poor development
and calcification of teeth. It can be
caused by trauma or disease during a
A hypoplasia of primary teeth which is stage at which developing teeth are
limited to the incisal thirds of incisors, calcifying. Tetracycline staining will
to the incisal tips of canines, and to the cause discoloration of teeth, and is
occlusal portions of molars, suggests caused by a mother taking tetracycline
which of the following? during pregnancy, with tetracycline
A. Tetracycline medication in early life being incorporated into tooth
B. Excessive fluorides in the drinking structure. It is not, however,
water hypoplasia. Fluorides do not cause
C. A metabolic disturbance during the hypoplasia either. Excess systemic
prenatal period fluoride well beyond the
D. A metabolic disturbance during recommended lppm can cause
infancy and the early childhood fluorosis, a discoloration of enamel. So
periods our choice is either C or D, depending
A mandibular canine differs from a IT HAS A LESS PRONOUNCED

maxillary canine in which of the CINGULUM
following?
A. It is longer. The correct answer is choice B. In
B. It has a less pronounced cingulum. general, the mandibular canine is
C. The crown is approximately the smaller in all respects. Its cingulum is
same length. less pronounced, and the tooth crown
D. It has a cusp tip more nearly appears to be somewhat assymetrical,
centered mesiodistally when viewed with the mesial section of the facial
from the facial. area higher and narower than the
distal.
CANINE AND FIRST MOLAR
molar. The maxillary primate space is

found between the maxillary primary
lateral incisor and canine. The primate
space can occur in all other primates.
When present, it usually allows the
erupting mandibular first permanent
A mandibular primate space is usually
between
1. central incisors.
2. central and lateral incisors.
3. lateral incisor and canine.
4. canine and first molar.
5. first and second molars.
A mental foramen would be found on #29

x-ray closest to the root of which
tooth? The correct answer is choice C. The
A. #19 mental foramen carries the mental
B. #14 nerve and artery through the mandible
C. #29 onto the skin overlying the mandible
D. #22 from the midline to the first premolar
E. #4 area. It also inervates buccal soft tissue
and periosteum in the same area, as
well as portions of the lower lip.
Anesthetic is sometimes injected near
the mental foramen to obtain
anesthesia of these soft tissues. It is
usually not possible to anesthetize
teeth with a mental nerve block. The
24

A normal seven-year-old child will have age seven, some of the primary
how many teeth? incisors will have been replaced and
A. 20 some not. However, since there is a
B. 22 one-to-one replacement, it doesn't
C. 24 matter-if primaries or permanents are
D. 26 present. What is important is that the
E. 28 child has 20 primary teeth and that
be present, 24.
PRIMARY TEETH HAVE A SMALLER

RATIO OF MESIAL-DISTAL WIDTH TO
CROWN HEIGHT

question reviews basic qualities or "set
characteristics" of primary versus
permanent teeth. In general, primaries
All of the following are true of primary are smaller than their permanent
teeth, as compared to permanent counterparts. They have the
teeth EXCEPT: appearance of having very short
A. Primary teeth are whiter in color crowns, because their crown is short,
B. Primary teeth have a smaller ratio of relative to their root size (small crown
crown to root length. to root ratio). They also have the
C. Primary teeth have a smaller ratio of appearance of having "squat" crowns.
mesial-distal width to crown height This means that the crowns are flat,
D. Primary molars have a smaller root that is, they are relatively wide, but
trunk, relative to total tooth size short in height (mesialdistal width to
E. Primary second molars closely crown height ratio is LARGE. Primary
model the anatomy of permanent first molars have a very small root trunk,
molars relative to the root trunk of the
As compared with permanent teeth, MORE BULBOUS AND CONSTRICTED

the crowns of the primary teeth are
A. larger. The correct answer is choice B. In
B. more bulbous and constricted. general, primary teeth differ from
C. about the same size, but more bell- permanents in a number of ways. They
shaped cervically. are generally smaller than their
D. narrower mesiodistally in permanent counterparts in all
comparison with their crown length in dimensions. The are usually "squatter"
the anterior teeth. in appearance, with their crowns
shorter, relative to their mesio-distal
length. They tend to have bulbous
cervical ridges, on the buccal of
ANTERIORLY
The correct answer is choice B. Fibers

As the mouth is opened widely, the from the lateral pterygoid muscle
articular disk moves in what direction enter the capsule and disc of the
in relation to the articular eminence? temperomandibular joint. Opening of
A. Laterally the mandible involves the lateral
B. Anteriorly pterygoid pulling the neck of the
C. Posteriorly condyle and joint capsule forward
D. Medially toward the articular eminence. In
E. Superiorly addition, the disc may move slightly
choice here.

As you go from maxillary first to FOUR MAJOR CUSPS
second to third molar, the MOST
significant progressive change The correct answer is choice C. The
throughout the three teeth is distolingual cusp of the maxillary molar
A. loss of rhomboid shape becomes less and less prominent as
B. loss of Carabelli cusp on the third you go from first to second to third
molar molar. The shape of maxillary molars is
C. decrease in size of one of the four usually rhomboid, but it may be lost
major cusps primarily in the third (but not second)
D. loss of oblique ridge on the third molar. The Carabelli cusp (trait) is a
the mesiolingual cusp of the first (but
not second) molar. All three molars
generally have an oblique ridge
connecting the mesiolingual and
The correct answer is choice D. By nine

years of age,the child has usually lost
mandibular central (6-7 years),
At 9 years of age how many primary
mandibular lateral (7-8 years),
teeth remain in the mouth?
maxillary central (7-8 years) and
A. 0
maxillary lateral (8-9 years) incisors.
B. 4
C. 8
D. 12
E. 18
and 6 lower teeth.

Because of the presence of a fissured distolingual groove extends from the
groove cavity preparations MOST occlusal surface onto the lingual. This
frequently need to be extended from separates the distolingual and
the occlusal surface to the mesiolingual cusps. It is often deep,
A. facial surface of maxillary molars. and when restored often cames the
B. lingual surface of maxillary molars. preparation onto the lingual surface.
C. lingual surface of mandibular The facial groove generally does not
molars. extend deeply onto the facial surface
D. lingual surface of mandibular first so that it requires facial extension. The
premolars. lingual groove of mandibular molars
tends to stay on the occlusal surface,
and not go deeply down onto the
lingual. The lingual surface of
occlusal surface.
The correct answer is choice C. This

question is commonly asked on NDB. It
is the only tooth whose average
beginning of calcification coincides
with birth. It is also the first permanent
tooth to begin calcifying. Calcification
Calcification of six-year molars begins roughly, but not exactly, follows the
A. at 6 years order of eruption. Generally, teeth
B. 6 months prenatal that begin to calcify first, erupt first,
C. at birth but there are many exceptions to this
D. 6 months postnatal rule. An example of the rule, (and not
E. at approximately 3 years of age the exception) is found in molars

Contraction of the lateral pterygoid pterygoid muscle moves the condyle
muscle produces forward, downward and medially. It
1. initial upward closure of the originates on the lateral pterygoid
mandible. plate and inserts on the neck of the
2. forward movement of the condyle condyle and the articular disk. Choice
from the articular fossa. #1: Initial closure of the mandible is
3. posterior displacement of the accomplished by the masseter and
condyle from the articular eminence. medial pterygoid muscles. The
4. final forceful closure of the molars masseter originates on the zypomatic
through a bolus of food. arch and inserts on the outer surface
of the angle of the mandible. The
medial pterygoid muscle originates on
the lateral pterygoid plate and inserts
on the inner surface of the angle of the
mandible. Choice #3: Posterior
displacement of the condyle is
accomplished mostly by the posterior
The correct answer is choice B. In a

During a working movement of the
working movement (let's assume left
mandible, the facial cusp ridges of the
working), the mandible will move left,
maxillary first premolar on the working
and the left I maxillary first premolar
side oppose which of the following
facial cusp, which is a non-supporting
mandibular structures?
cusp, will make contact with the
A. The facial embrasure between the
mandibular facial surfaces as they
canine and the first premolar
move past. The mandibular teeth are
B. The distal cusp ridge of the first
positioned one half tooth mesial to the
maxillary, so the maxillary first
the second premolar
premolar should contact I both its
C. The distal cusp ridge of the second
counterpart, but also the tooth just
distal to its counterpart. Therefore,
the first molar
both the first and second mandibular
D. The mesiofacial groove of the first
premolar facial surfaces will make
molar.
contact.
During nonmasticatory swallowing, The correct choice is 3. The teeth are

teeth are usually in the intercuspatory position when
1. protruded. swallowing occurs. In fact, telling a
2. in a working arrangement. patient to swallow is often a good way
3. in contact in intercuspal position. to get a patient into maximum
4. None of the above. This is a intercuspation. Choice #4: Non-
nonexistent act. masticatory swallowing occurs

must be bone resorption coronal to
the emerging crown to have room for
During the eruption of permanent
the crown to move into to approach
teeth, which bone processes occur?
the soft tissue (gingiva) above it. Bone
A. Both resorption and deposition
deposition is also logical but less
B. Neither resorption nor deposition
obvious. There must be bone
C. Resorption only
D. Deposition only

EXCEPTION?
A. Mesiofacial
B. Mesiolingual
C. Distofacial
D. Distolingual
when present.
Each of the following is a function of The correct choice is 5. The

the periodontal ligament EXCEPT periodontal ligament does not
1. sensory. participate in the epithelial attachment
2. nutritional. to the tooth. This is maintained by the
3. supportive via the fibers. junctional epithelium of the gingival
4. formative via its cellular elements. sulcus. The periodontal ligament
5. maintenance of the epithelial carries nerves and blood vessels, which
attachment are the sensory and nutritive
functions; it supports the tooth via the
fibers; and has cementoblasts,
osteoblasts and fibroblasts which
make up the formative function. It has
a fifth protective function to cushion
protective.
The correct answer is choice D. Incisors

generally contain both mesial and
distal marginal ridges, and a
Each of the following morphologic
depression between them, the lingual
structures can be seen on any incisor
fossa. Incisors, as well as canines
contain a cingulum, or pronounced
EXCEPTION?
lingual bump near the cervical end of
A. Cingulum
the crown. A transverse ridge is not
B. Mesial marginal ridge
C. Lingual fossa
D. Transverse ridge
lingual cusps.

Exfoliation of primary canines is most maxillary. The eruption of the
likely to occur during the age range maxillary is more predictable, with
A. 6-7 most occurring between 11 and 12.
B. 8-9 The mandibular may erupt as early as
C. 10-11 9, but normally at 10-11. Eruption
D. 12-13 times, of course, are averages and are
The correct answer is choice 1. A

maxillary canine has an almost vertical
inclination when viewed proximally.
Maxillary lateral incisors, choice 2, lean
slightly more buccally when viewed
From a proximal view, which of the
from the proximal and maxillary
following describes the crown outline
centrals slightly more. In actual
on a mandibular posterior tooth?
degrees, the canines are 16 degrees
A. It is designed to protect against root
off of vertical while the maxillary
fracture by having the crown structure
laterals and centrals are 26 and 28,
serve as root support.
respectively. Do not spend time
B. It is designed to allow for a
remembering the numbers. The most
minimum amount of chewing
vertical maxillary teeth are the first
efficiency on the coronal surface of the
and second premolars, 5 and 6 degrees
tooth.
from vertical respectively. Mandibular
C. It is usually rhomboidal and has a
centrals and laterals are 22 and 23
design flaw that encourages cusp
fracture.
D. It is usually trapezoidal and has a
design flaw that encourages cusp
fracture.
choice 1.

From the facial view, the maxillary first palatal root of the maxillary first molar
molar has its lingual root apex in line tends to diverge outwards in a palatal
with which of the following? direction, but be approximately
A. Facial groove centered in the mesio-distal direction.
B. Distofacial line angle Looking at it from the facial should
C. Distofacial cusp tip place it behind the facial (buccal)
D. Mesiofacial cusp tip groove. This groove separates the
E. Mesiodistal diameter midpoint mesiobuccal and distobuccal cusps.
Since the mesiobuccal cusp is larger,
From the incisal aspect, the crown of a

The correct answer is choice D. From
maxillary canine normally exhibits
the incisal, the crown of the maxillary
which of the following?
canine is somewhat rhomboidal or
A. A trapezoidal outline
diamond shaped. Its mesial portion is
B. Symmetry between its mesial and
wider bucco-lingually than its distal
distal portions
portion, and is more bulbous and
C. A mesial portion that is thinner
convex as well. The distal portion is
faciolingually than the distal portion
narrower and concave on the labial
D. A distal portion that displays some
surface, showing a depression there. In
concavity in its facial outline
all dimensions, the maxillary canine is
E. Less faciolingual thickness than the
larger than its mandibular counterpart.
The correct answer is choice C. Cingula

is the plural for cingulum, a rounded
protuberance or elevation located on
the lingual surfaces of anterior teeth.
Therefore, central incisors, lateral
How many cingula exist in each arch?
incisors, and canines all have
A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 8
E. 12
total of six teeth.

fully developed?
1. Immediately
2. 3 months
3. 2 or 3 years
4. 5 or 6 years young people.

most common arrangement of root
canals in the maxillary first molar is
If a permanent maxillary first molar three, one in each root (mesiobuccal,
has a fourth root canal, it will usually distobuccal, palatal). A 4 canaled
be found in version is fairly common. The orifice to
A. Its own fourth root the canal is located in the area
B. The mesiobuccal root between the orifice to the mesiobuccal
C. The mesiolingual root and palatal canals. The canal itself is
D. The palatal (lingual) root located in the mesiobucccal root. It is
E. It cannot be found: a maxillary first estimated that 30-40% of maxillary
molar always has three root canals first molars have this orifice, whether

A. Maxillary first
B. Mandibular first
C. Maxillary second
E. All premolars
In a Class II occlusal relationship, the The correct answer is choice C. Lets

tip of the facial cusp of a mandibular look at a normal Class I relationship
first premolar lies directly below the first. The facial cusp of the mandibular
contacting area between which first premolar is a holding cusp that
maxillary teeth? contacts the mesial marginal ridge of
A. Canine and lateral incisor the maxillary first premolar and comes
B. Canine and first premolar close to contacting the distal of the
C. First and second premolars maxillary canine. In a Class II
D. Second premolar and first molar relationship, move the mandible
backwards (distally), and the
mandibular first premolar will now be
premolars.

occlusal surface of the mandibular first
In a permanent mandibular first molar, molar consists of five cusps: MB, DB,
what developmental groove separates ML, DL, and distal. There are three
the distofacial cusp from the distal major pits: mesial, central, and distal.
cusp? A central groove connects the mesial
A. Facial and central pits and also separates the
B. Buccal MB and ML cusps. A mesiobuccal
C. Distofacial groove separates the MB from the DB
D. Mesiofacial cusp. A distobuccal (distofacial) groove
E. Oblique separates the DB cusp from the distal
ML and DL cusps.

A. Central incisor
B. Lateral incisor
In an eight-year-old patient, which The correct answer is choice B. By age

teeth are expected to be present? six, permanent first molars are usually
A. Permanent central and lateral present. By age seven, the mandibular
incisors, premolars, and first molars, incisors and the maxillary centrals are
with primary canines usually in. Maxillary laterals often
B. Permanent central and lateral erupt around ages seven to eight.
incisors, and first molars, with primary Since canines usually erupt between 9
canines and molars and 11 years, we still expect primary
C. Permanent central and lateral canines in our eight-year-old. Similarly,
incisors, canines, and first molars, with for premolars, the range may be from
primary molars 9 years up to about 12 years, so
D. All permanent teeth, except second primary molars, not premolars, should
and third molars be present in our eightyear- old. Note
that, as previously stated, the question
must choose a pretty definitive age,
such as eight. Choosing age 10 would

facial cusps of maxillary molars are
distofacial cusp of a maxillary first
guiding cusps and oppose grooves on
molar opposes which feature on a
the facial surface of mandibular teeth.
mandibular first molar?
Since the mandible is about one half
A. The distal cusp
tooth forward of the maxilla, we look
B. The distofacial cusp
for a groove one half tooth distal to
C. The distofacial developmental
the distofacial area of the maxillary
groove
molar. This is the groove between the
D. The rnesiofaciai developmental
distobuccal and distal cusp of the
groove
mandibular molar.
In an ideal intercuspal relation in a The correct answer is choice B.

normal dentition, each of the following Maxillary posterior teeth generally
teeth contacts each other EXCEPT one. contact their own counterpart in the
Which one is this EXCEPTION? mandibular arch, and the tooth just
A. Maxillary first premolar and distal to it. Maxillary first premolars
mandibular second premolar contact mandibular first and second
B. Maxillary first molar and mandibular premolars. Maxillary first molars
second premolar contact mandibular first and second
C. Maxillary second premolar and molars. Maxillary second premolars
mandibular first molar contact mandibular second premolars
D. Maxillary second molar and and first molars. Maxillary second
mandibular third molar molars contact mandibular second
The answer is choice E. Facial cusps of

mandibular teeth are supporting cusps
and occlude on marginal ridges of the
mesiofacial cusps of the mandibular
maxillary teeth except for the
second molars contact the maxillary
distobuccal cusp of the molars which
molars in (on) the
occludes with the central fossa of the
A. distal fossae of the second.
maxillary molars and the distal cusp of
B. central fossae of the second.
the mandibular first molar which
C. lingual embrasures between the
occludes with the distal triangular
first and second.
fossa of the first maxilary molar. So the
D. facial embrasures between the first
mesiofacial cusp of the mandibular
and second.
second molar should contact the distal
E. mesial marginal ridges of the
marginal ridge of the maxillary first
second.

molar in (on) the
A. central fossa.
B. distal fossa.
C. mesial fossa.
In an ideal intercuspal relation, the The correct answer is choice D. The

oblique ridge of the maxillary first distolingual cusp of the maxillary first
molar opposes which structure of the molar occludes with the mesial
mandibular molar? marginal ridge of the second molar
A. The interproximal area between and the distal marginal ridge of the
first and second first molar. Therefore, the oblique
B. The developmental groove between ridge, which is slightly mesial to the
the mesiofacial and distofacial cusps of distolingual cusp of the maxillary first,
the first should occlude with something slightly
C. The developmental groove between mesial to the area just mentioned. This
the mesiolingual and distolingual cusps would be the area between the distal
of the first cusp and distobuccal cusp of the first
D. The developmental groove between molar. This is the distobuccal groove
the distofacial and distal cusps of the area.
first

Maxillary LINGUAL cusps and
mandibular buccal cusps are holding
(support) cusps, whereas maxillary
In an ideal occlusion, maxillary BUCCAL cusps and mandibular lingual
posterior tooth buccal cusps oppose cusps are guiding cusps. Therefore, the
A. marginal ridges only maxillary buccal cusps lie slightly
B. marginal ridges and fossae buccal to the mandibular buccal cusps
C. grooves and embrasures and will fit into grooves and
D. grooves and marginal ridges embrasures, such as the buccal
movements.

pattern?
1. H
2. L
3. U
4. Y
5. +
In cervical cross-section, the root of a The correct answer is choice C. In cross

mandibular canine is described as section mandibular canine roots are
A. triangular. roughly oval. They are longer bucco-
B. roughly conical. lingually. and narrower mesio-distally.
C. flattened in a mesiodistal direction. They are slightly wider towards the
D. broader mesiodistally on the lingual buccal. The pulp canal tends to be
than on the facial. ovalish as well. Maxillary canine root
lingual direction.

In contrast to maxillary canine crowns, general, when comparing maxillary
mandibular canine crowns have which and mandibular canines you will find
of the following anatomically? that the mandibular canines are
A. Greater measurements, smaller (mesio-distally AND bucco-
mesiodistally lingually), they lack lingual pits,
B. Greater measurements, (maxillary canines have them as rare
faciolingually variants) have smaller cingula, and less
C. More accentuated marginal ridges pronounced marginal ridges.
D. Well-defined lingual pits Mandibular canines are more
E. Less-pronounced cingula symmetrical when viewed from the
occlusal.

In extraction of premolars, the dentist of the tooth involved. Teeth with
may sometimes use a rotation or circular or conical shaped roots can
circular motion. Which premolar easily be rotated during extraction. To
should NEVER be extracted with this a lesser extent, a slightly oval shaped
type of motion? root could also be rotated during
A. Maxillary first extraction. Multi-rooted teeth and
B. Maxillary second teeth with extremely broad, flat, fused
C. Mandibular first roots cannot be rotated without
D. Mandibular second fracture of the root or crown. While
In normal occlusion, and in a left

working movement, the mesiofacial
cusp of the maxillary left second molar The correct answer is choice D. The
passes through which of the following mesiofacial cusp of the maxillary
mandibular structures? second molar is a guiding cusp. It will
A. The embrasure between the left pass through an area on the facial
first and second premolars surface of a mandibular tooth. Since
B. The embrasure between the left the mandible is about one half tooth
first and second molars forward relative to the maxilla, look for
C. The facial groove of the left first a surface on the mandibular second
molar molar facial area, slightly distal to the
D. The facial groove of the left second area of the mesiobuccal cusp. This is
first molar

In relation to maxillary canines, The correct answer is choice A.

maxillary first premolars usually erupt: Although there is some variation in
A. before canines eruption times, the most usual order
B. after canines of eruption in the maxillary arch is first
C. at nearly the same time as canines premolar, second premolar, canine. In
the mandibular arch it is most often
canine, first premolar, second
premolar. The mandibular version
generally erupts before the maxillary.
Two year ranges for the teeth in

heart shaped form.
In the diagram of Posselt's envelope of The correct choice is #4. On the

motion, maximum intercuspal position diagram of [Posselt's] envelope of
is the motion, the intercuspal position is the
1. lowest point. most superior point labelled #3 on the
2. most anterior point. diagram. Choice #1: The lowest point is
3. most posterior point. #8 which is the position of maximum
4. most superior point. opening. Choice #2: The most anterior
point is #1, the maximum protruded
position. Choice #3: The most
contact position.
The correct choice is 2. The triangular

ridges of the mesiobuccal and
mesiolingual cusps of the mandibular
In which of the following molars is the first molar join to form a transverse
mesial fossa most distinctly separated ridge which separates the mesial fossa
from the remainder of the occlusal from the rest of the occlusal table. This
table by a transverse ridge? transverse ridge is not quite as
1. Maxillary first prominent in the mandibular second
2. Mandibular first molar which is choice #4. Choices #1
3. Maxillary second and 3: In the maxillary molars, the
4. Mandibular second central fossa is separated from the
distobuccal cusps.

Mandibular lateral translation The correct answer is choice A. The

(Bennett movement) occurs during the Bennett movement involves whole
A. earliest stage of lateral movement. body movement of the mandible in a
B. latter stage of protrusive lateral direction. Lets use process of
movement. elimination for our answers. In lateral
C. middle stage of retrusive movement, both rotation and
movement. translation occur. Translation occurs
D. hinge axis movement of the particularly on the working side of the
mandible. TMJ, in combination with some
E. ending stage of exhibiting a border rotation, primarily rotation around a
movement. vertical axis. The translation
component is known as the Bennett
shift, and is a whole body shift of the
working side of the mandible of about
1 mm laterally. Protrusive movement

Maxillary tooth crowns exhibit most well known mesial concavity on
concavities on which of the following both crown and root is on the mesial
surfaces? of the maxillary first premolar. So we
A. The mesial of central incisor and are most likely going to choose
first premolar between choices A and D. The central
B. The mesial of canine and first molar incisor does not have a mesial crown
C. The distal of first premolar and the concavity, although a root groove may
mesial surface of second molar be present. Likewise, the canine often
D. The mesial of first premolar and the has proximal root concavities that do
distal of first molar not extend to the crown. Second
E. The distal of the first molar and the premolars and distals of first
mesial of the second molar premolars also may have this trait, but
The correct answer is choice 3. Mesial

inclination of lingual cusps is present
on both maxillary premolars. This
means that when viewed from the
lingual, the lingual cusp tends to lean
towards the mesial and most of the
Mesial inclination of lingual cusps is
lingual cusp is mesial to the midline. t
present in which maxillary premolars?
It is a characteristic of the maxillary
1. First premolars only
2. Second premolars only
3. Both first and second premolars
4. Neither first nor second premolars

lingual grooves.
Moving the mandible from a maximum posterior to centric occlusion or

intercuspal position to a retruded maximum intercuspation. It also
contact position usually results in represents a position where the
1. increased occlusal vertical condylar head is located closer to the
dimension. distal section of the glenoid fossa.
2. increased horizontal overlap. Because retruded contact implies that
3. decreased vertical overlap. the teeth are not in complete
4. all of these. occlusion which is the greatest
intercuspation and smallest vertical
dimension, they are therefore slightly
farther apart with a greater vertical
dimension. If the mandible moves
posteriorly, there will be greater
distance from the mandibular
anteriors to the maxillary anteriors or
choice 4.

A. Cuspal
B. Central
C. Marginal
D. Oblique
E. Transverse

On the occlusal surface of a maxillary The correct answer is choice E. The

first molar, the total number of pits is maxillary first molar has three pits, the
normally the same as found on the mesial, distal and central. The
occlusal surface of which premolar? maxillary first premolar generally has
A. Maxillary first two, a mesial and a distal, as does the
B. Mandibular first maxillary second. The mandibular first
C. Maxillary second generally has the same two. The U
D. U-type mandibular second type mandibular second premolar is
E. Y-type mandibular second the two cusped type, with the same
two pits. However, the Y type is the
three cusped type, which contains a
and distal.

Perikymata are normal enamel
features. Line of Retzius which form
early in enamel formation complete an
Perikymata are the result of arc of enamel and return to the
1. enamel hyperplasia. dentinal enamel junction. Later lines of
2. enamel hypoplasia. Retzius do not complete an arc-like
3. interstitial growth. pattern and terminate on the enamel
4. normal enamel apposition. surface. They form a series of grooves
5. early ameloblastic degeneration. and elevations at the enamel surface.
Primary molars differ from permanent The correct answer is choice 4. Let's
molars in that primary molars review them one by one. Primary
1. have heavier root trunks. molars generally have lighter, thinner
2. tend to have less pronounced root trunks. The roots are smaller due
cervical ridges. to the smaller size of the tooth and the
3. have thicker enamel compared to widespread position of the roots to
the total bulk of crowns. surround the developing crown of the
4. have flatter facial and lingual succedaneous tooth. So choice 1 is
surfaces extending from the occlusal incorrect. Choice 2 is also incorrect. A
to the cervical ridge. number of primary molars have
pronounced cervical ridges, including
the primary maxillary first molar and
primary mandibular first molar. Choice
3 is incorrect. Primary teeth are
generally characterized by thinner
enamel. Choice 4 is our correct
answer. The facial and lingual outline

Prominent cervical ridges are
teeth?
characteristic of certain primary teeth.
A. Linguals of molars and buccals of
There is a constriction of the tooth at
incisors
the cervical line, giving a bulge or ridge
B. Buccals and linguals of molars and
effect immediately incisal to the CEJ.
buccals of incisors
These cervical ridges are found on the
C. Linguals of incisors and buccals of
buccal and lingual of primary anteriors,
molars
and the buccal only of molars. In
D. Buccals and linguals of incisors and
molars, the cervical ridge makes the
buccals of molars
occlusal table look constricted as the
E. Buccals of molars and buccals of
tooth is viewed from the occlusal.
incisors

Protrusive movement is produced masseter and medial pterygoid act
primarily because of contracture of primarily to close (elevate) the
which of the following muscles? mandible. They form the "masseteric
A. Masseter sling". The temporalis can both elevate
B. Mylohyoid and retract the mandible, depending
C. Temporalis on which fibers are contracted. The
D. Medial pterygoid mylohyoid can play a very small role as
E. Lateral pterygoid an accessory in opening (depressing)
the mandible. The lateral pterygoid is

concavities are grooves running
vertically along the proximal side of a
root. They may be shallow or deep,
The anterior tooth LEAST likely to have and if deep, may make the teeth
a mesial or distal root concavity is the: appear double rooted. All of the
A. Maxillary central incisor mandibular anteriors can have this
B. Maxillary canine groove. It can be especially deep in
C. Mandibular canine mandibular canines, approaching a
D. Mandibular central incisor double-rooted appearance. It is also
E. Mandibular lateral incisor common in maxillary canines, although

root apices.
The Bennett movement is best The correct answer is choice 3. Let's

described as the review the terminology of lateral or
1. medial shift of the working condyle. working movements. The side to which
2. lateral movement of the non- the mandible moves is known as the
working condyle. working side and the condyle of that
3. bodily shift of the mandible in the side is the working condyle. The
direction of the working condyle. opposite side is known as the
direction of the non-working condyle. working condyle exhibits a small
sliding lateral movement during lateral
excursions and this is known as the

define the five terms. Choice 1, fusion,
is incorrect. Fusion is the result of two
adjacent teeth joined by a union of
dentin. The result is a large crown or
double crown with two distinct root
canals. Choice 2 is correct.
Concrescence is the joining of roots of
The cemental union of two fully occurs after the teeth are formed and
formed teeth that were originally have most implications in terms of the
separate entities is difficulty of extraction. Choice 3 is
1. fusion. incorrect. Dilaceration of a root refers
2. concrescence. to a sharp angular deviation of the
3. dilaceration. root from its normal long axis. Choice 4
4. dens in dente. is incorrect. Dens in dente refers to an
5. hypercementosis. inpocketing of the enamel organ into
The concept of using a lateral The correct answer is choice C. At this

checkbite record to set a respective stage (pre-prosthodontics), we can
condylar inclination implies which of ignore the discussion of the lateral
the following? checkbite and just look to see which of
A. That the non-working side condyle our answer choices are true. In a
has traveled against the posterior wall working (lateral) movement, the
of the fossa mandible moves toward the working
B. That the working side condyle has side. The condyle rotates and
traveled down the slope of the translates on the working side, and
articular eminence moves slightly laterally (Eliminate
C. That the non-working side condyle choice D). The condyle will only travel
has moved anteriorly and medially down the slope of the articular
D. That the working side condyle has eminence during the translation phase
moved toward the medial wall of the of opening (depression). (Eliminate
glenoid fossa choice B). During a working
movement, the non-working condyle

The contraction of the lateral Its function is to depress or open the
pterygoid muscle causes mandible, to move the mandible
1. the initial upward closure of the sideways in working movements, and
mandible. to protrude the mandible or cause the
2. forward movement of the condyle mandible to move forward. When this
from the articular fossa. occurs, the condyle moves anteriorly
3. posterior displacement of the from its place in the articular or
condyle from the articular eminence. glenoid fossa. So choice 2 is correct.
4. the final forceful closure of the Choices 1 and 4 are incorrect because
molars through a bolus of food. they deal with closure or elevation of
The correct answer is choice A. As a

rule, the mandible will move TOWARD
The dentist instructs the patient, who the injured side. Imagine both lateral
has a severed left lateral pterygoid pterygoids ; contracting and
muscle, to open wide. The patient's attempting to pull both condyles
mandible will move in which direction? forward. However, only the right side
A. To the left can move. The right side of the
B. To the right mandible will move forward and
C. In a straight protrusive direction medially as the left condyle stays in
D. In a retrusive direction the same position. The mandible


free gingiva when healthy and not
inflamed forms a snug fitting soft
tissue collar around the tooth. It
The healthy free gingiva aids in the
prevents food and debris from
selfcleansing process by
entering the sulcus. It cannot direct
1. directing food particles toward the
food to the occlusal surface, choice 1.
occlusal surface.
This is done partially by the cheeks and
2. forcing particles away from the
tongue. Choices 2 and 3 are also
proximal space.
incorrect. Gingiva cannot force food
3. deflecting particles away from the
particles in any direction as it is not a
free gingiva onto the interdental
movable tissue. So it does not force
papillae.
food either into the interproximal area
4. adhering closely to the tooth surface
or away from it. Note also that forcing
below the height of contour of the
cervical enamel.

following teeth?
incisors
canine
The lingual cusp(s) on which of the The correct answer is choice A. The
following mandibular posterior teeth is mandibular tooth which has the most
(are) approximately 2/3 the height of noticeable size difference between its
the respective facial cusp(s)? buccal and lingual cusps is the
A. First premolar mandibular first premolar. The tooth is
B. Second premolar very canine-like in form and unlike the
C. First molar three other premolars which have
D. Second molar buccal and lingual cusps of similar size.
E. Third molar
The correct answer is choice 2. Lingual

cusps of mandibular molars are
nonsupport cusps. The supporting
cusps, the buccal cusps of mandibular
teeth and lingual cusps of maxillary
teeth are involved in both centric
occlusion or maximum intercuspation.
choice 5. and centric relation or
The lingual cusps of a mandibular first Nonsupport cusps, such as mandibular
molar must be restored to linguals, are not involved. They will be
accommodate involved in working movements.
1. centric relation. choice 2. For example, in a left working
2. working movement. movement, the mandible shifts left
3. non-working movement. and the lingual cusps of the left
4. protrusive position. mandibular teeth will be involved in
5. maximum intercuspation. chewing. On the nonworking side, the
The most external layer of alveolar The correct answer is choice C. Cortical
bone is the: bone refers to the outer layer of
A. Spongy bone compact bone (usually with Haversian
B. Spicule bone systems). Inner bone is usually spongy,
C. Cortical bone with spicules of bone surrounded by
D. Woven bone marrow, and the spongy bone is not
E. Cribriform plate organized into Haversian systems. The
term bundle bone refers to cortical
bone with embedded collagen fibers,
as in the periodontal ligament. Woven
bone refers to early stages of bone
formation by the intramembranous

most symmetrical primary tooth, when
viewed from the labial or lingual is the
mandibular central incisor. The incisal
edge is straight and horizontal. The
The most symmetrical primary tooth, mesio-incisal and disto-incisal angles
when viewed from the labial or lingual, are close to 90 degrees. In the
is the: mandibular lateral, the body of the
A. Maxillary central crown is slightly rotated, and the
B. Maxillary lateral incisal edge tilts downward distally.
C. Mandibular central The maxillary central incisor has a
D. Mandibular lateral decidedly rounded disto-incisal angle,
The parotid duct is called The correct answer is choice E.

A. Stensen's duct, and empties near Stensen's duct empties the parotid
the maxillary second premolar gland into the buccal vestibule near
B. Wharton's duct and empties the location of the buccal side of the
through the floor of the mouth maxillary second molar. Wharton's
C. Wharton's duct and empties near duct empties the submandibular gland,
the maxillary second molars and some secretions from the
D. Stensen's duct and empties near the sublingual gland, into the floor of the
mandibular second molars mouth underneath the tongue. The
E. Stensen's duct and empties near the sublingual gland empties into the floor
maxillary second molars of the mouth through a series of
C. Collagenous

periodontal ligament fibers are
The periodontal ligament fibers are
primarily composed of collagen.
Hyaline cartilage is found on bone joint
following connective tissues?
surfaces, in the trachea and nose,
A. Hyaline
B. Elastic
C. Collagenous
D. Fibrocartilagenous
alveolar bone.

The premolar that most frequently has second premolar typically has a Y-
a single central pit is the shaped groove pattern with mesial,
1. maxillary first. distal and lingual grooves intersecting
2. maxillary second. in a single central pit. The incorrect
3. mandibular first. choices:
4. mandibular second. Choice #I : The maxillary first pre-
molar usually does not have a central
pit, but a central groove with mesial
and distal pits at each end. This is also
true of choice #2, the maxillary second
3. 10 and 11 years.
The correct answer is choice 3. Primary

maxillary canines are usually exfoliated
between ages 10 and 11. Let's review
exfoliation of other primary teeth.
The primary maxillary canine is usually lost at approximately age 6 for
exfoliated between the ages of mandibulars and age 7 for maxillaries.
1. 6 and 7 years. Laterals are lost at approximately 7 for
2. 8 and 9 years. mandibular and 8 for maxillaries.
3. 10 and 11 years. Canines are lost at about 10 for
4. 12 and 13 years. mandibular and 11 for maxillary. First
Prominent cervical ridges or bulges are C. Mandibular first molar

teeth?
A. Maxillary first molar The correct answer is choice C. The
B. Maxillary second molar primary mandibular first molar has the
C. Mandibular first molar most prominent buccal cervical ridge.
D. Mandibular second molar The "pot belly" is most visible as the
D. Dentin formation

odontoblasts, present in the outer
layer of the pulp tissue, produce
dentin. Dentin is the primary structural
material of teeth, and attaches to both
other dental tissues, cementum and
The primary purpose of dental pulp is: damage to the teeth. Proprioception,
A. Sensation in general, is viewed as a protective
B. Proprioception response. Pulp can possibly be viewed
C. Enamel formation as having a slight proprioceptive
D. Dentin formation function. Proprioception is defined as
E. Inflammatory response the sense of position or space of a
pulp.

spaces.
The correct answer is choice 4. Slow

gradual wear occurs interproximally at
the contact point of adjacent posterior
teeth. As this occurs over a lifetime,
the mesiodistal width of the teeth
become slightly less. The teeth
The proximal contact of posterior become closer and the interproximal
teeth creates wear patterns that embrasure space becomes narrower.
eventually cause Choice 1 is incorrect because
1. gingival recession. interproximal wear on teeth would not
2. increased length of clinical crowns. have a direct impact on gingival
3. decreased length of anatomic recession. Gingival recession is often
crowns. related to periodontal disease andlor
4. reduced interproximal embrasure traumatic abrasion of the gingiva.
spaces. Choices 2 and 3 are incorrect. Wear
The root tip most likely to be forced 3. permanent maxillary first molar.
1. maxillary first premolar. The correct answer is choice 3.
2. permanent maxillary canine. Maxillary first molar roots are most in
3. permanent maxillary first molar. danger of entering the maxillary sinus.
4. permanent maxillary central incisor. In general, the three teeth in the
5. primary maxillary second molar at vicinity of the sinus are the second
age 12. premolar. first molar and second
is choice 3.
A. central incisor.

too far anterior.
The spacing between anterior teeth in E. the growth of the dental arches.
a 5-year-old child is MOST frequently
caused by The correct answer is choice E. Spacing
A. the presence of an excessive is common in the primary dentition.
maxillary anterior frenum. Remember that the maxilla and
B. the pressure from succedaneous mandible must both grow sufficiently
teeth. to contain the larger size of the
C. thumb-sucking. permanent dentition, as compared to
D. tongue thrusting. the smaller primary dentition. The
E. the growth of the dental arches. other choices listed CAN cause
spacing. An excessive anterior frenum
can prevent the maxillary anteriors
from contacting. The pressure from
permanent teeth erupting may move
the primary teeth at various angles.

1. thumb-sucking.
teeth.
C. articular disk

connective tissue that acts as a
cushion between the condylar head
and the articular (glenoid) fossa of the
temporal bone. It also separates the
upper and lower compartments of the
joint. The articular capsule is the
The tissue found above the condylar
fibrous connective tissue structure
head and below the articular fossa of
that surrounds the entire joint
the TMJ is called the
A. acapsule
B. temporomandibular ligament
C. articular disk
D. sphenomandibular ligament
E. lateral pterygoid muscle

The tooth showing the LEAST amount Mandibular first molars, like all teeth,
of anatomic variability is the: have a significant number of
A. Maxillary third molar anatomical variations. However, the
B. Mandibular first molar other three teeth listed are considered
C. Maxillary lateral incisor to be the most variable in the mouth.
D. Mandibular third molar Third molars have extreme varieties in
crown shape, root shape, root number
etc. They may look like first or second
molars, or may be mere pegs. They are
often missing. Variation in maxillary
2. maxillary central and lateral

incisors

The wear facets on the incisal edges of
Mandibular lateral incisors are situated
the mandibular lateral incisors are
slightly mesially to the maxillary
lateral. As a rule, the mandibular teeth
1. maxillary central incisors only.
are one half tooth mesial to the
2. maxillary central and lateral
incisors
3. maxillary lateral incisors and
canines.
A. Translation
A. Translation
B. Rotation
C. Hinge
D. Oblique

maxillary molars differ from each other
in several ways, although the general
patterns of morphology are shared. As
you go from 1st to 2nd to 3rd, the
teeth become smaller in overall
dimension. Most maxillary molars have
four cusps, however, the first molar
What is the most reliable and found on the mesiolingual cusp. The
consistent way to distinguish maxillary third molar may sometimes have a
first, second and third molars? distolingual cusp so reduced in size,
A. number of cusps that the tooth is essentially three-
B. size of the distobuccal cusp cusped. So, sometimes, the first,
C. inclination of the roots second and third molars might have
D. extent to which the roots are fused 5,4, and 3 cusps respectively. This is
E. size of the distolingual cusp not always the case, and cannot
third molars.

maxillary molars differ from each other
in several ways, although the general
patterns of morphology are shared. As
you go from 1st to 2nd to 3rd, the
teeth become smaller in overall
dimension. Most maxillary molars have
four cusps, however, the first molar
What is the most reliable and variable. The Carabelli trait can be
consistent way to distinguish maxillary found on the mesiolingual cusp. The
first, second and third molars? third molar may sometimes have a
A. number of cusps distolingual cusp so reduced in size,
B. size of the distobuccal cusp that the tooth is essentially three-
C. inclination of the roots cusped. So, sometimes, the first,
D. extent to which the roots are fused second and third molars might have
E. size of the distolingual cusp 5,4, and 3 cusps respectively. This is
third molars.
B. ankylosis

Ankylosis refers to fusion or union of
cementum to tooth root. Clinically, this
may be important because ankylosed
teeth are difficult to extract, and bone
may be removed with the root.
cementum of a root, it is known as
A. gemination
B. ankylosis
C. hypercementosis
D. gomphosis
E. dilaceration
tooth root.
When anesthetizing the mandibular D. Incisors

is usually performed. However, local The correct answer is choice D. The
infiltration may be effective. It is most primary anesthetic injection for
likely to be effective in the area of the: mandibular teeth for both restoration
A. Molars and extraction is the inferior alveolar
B. Premolars nerve block. It is supplemented
C. Canines variously by the lingual nerve block,
D. Incisors mental nerve block, long buccal nerve
E. Local infiltration is generally block or local infiltration. Local
effective throughout the arch. infiltration can occasionally be


is
grooves.
grooves.
grooves.
transverse ridge.
1
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CARD RANGE TO STUDY

Which of the following primary teeth is

When compared to the primary

In an indeal intercuspal relation, the

The occlusal outline of a mandibular

Which of the following statements is Food is masticated primarily in lateral

Which of the following factors most

On the crown of the primary maxillary

Which of the following describes the

Mesial and distal pulp horns are more

When the mandible moves to the right,

In unilateral balanced occlusion,

Initiation of calcification for the

Of the primary maxillary teeth, the

During endodontic therapy, one will

The movement in the upper

The non-working condyle performs

Which of the following teeth represents

Which of the following best describes a

Each of the following can be found in

The spacing between anterior teeth in

In the intercuspal position, which of the

On a maxillary first molar, the occlusal

Ordinarily, a 6-year-old child would

In an ideal intercuspal position, the

In an ideal intercuspal position, the

Which of the following best describes

Which of the following represents the

Which of the following best describes

Identify the anterior tooth that most

Which of the following teeth is the

Which of the following represents the

Compared to a maxillary second

A pronounced developmental groove is

Which of the following represents the

Whihc of the following primary teeth is

The marginal ridges are more

Where is the lingual height of contour

Which of the following teeth has the

The oblique ridge of the maxillary

Each of the following muscles is

A radiograph of Tooth #32 shows two

Prior to extracting Tooth #32, surgery

On a panoramic radiograph of a 7-year-

A radiograph of the maxillary central

With fracture of hte left condyle, the

Clinical examination reveals that the

Which of the following primary teeth

As viewed from the lingual, the lingual

The cusp of Carabelli occurs with

Which of the following

The presence of mamelons in a 10-

When viewed from the incisal aspect,

In an ideal intercuspal position, the