http://www.slideshare.

net/EnergySavings/solid-waste-management-for-philippine-cities-and-municipalities
1. 1. THE PROJECT LNC SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (SWM)An innovated program to facilitate and
speed up implementation of R.A.9003
2. 2. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMA.GENERAL INTRODUCTION The proposal is primarily
focused on a request for funding of a prototype modelwhich includes the manufacturing of :A. For
biodegradable waste 1. Rapid Composting UnitB. For non-bio waste 1. Manual and Mechanical Segregator
System THE SYSTEM The PROJECT is a Solid Waste Management System designed to be used on acity
or municipality with an average population of 20 thousand household thatnormally generates an average of
120 tons of garbage per day, processing 60tons/dayof Non-Biodegradable waste and 60 tons/day of
Biodegradable waste. The system to be more effective requires initial segregation of 2 kinds of wasteinside
the household, namely NABUBULOK or BIODEGRADABLE and DI-NABUBULOK or NON-
BIODEGRADABLE. PLANT NO.1 RAPID COMPOSTING SYSTEM (RCS) With Manual and Mechanical
Separator System (For Biodegradable or Nabubulok waste)The system is composed of two units : Rapid
Composting Unit (RCS) and the Manualand Mechanical Segregator both supported by conveyors and sub-
conveyors.This equipment basically converts biodegradable waste into powdered raw organicFertilizer in
five (5) minutes and into a complete high quality organic fertilizer in only5 days after putting them into
polytwine bags and storing them in the bodega for 5days composting period instead of the usual 45
days.The quality of organic fertilizer that is produced is very high quality, since the compostis well grounded
and treated by bio-6 enzyme (lactobacilli), carbon activator, cocopeatand natural fresh water origin zeolyte.
3. 3. The Fertilizer is also free from toxic elements since before processing the plastic,metals, bottles and other
big materials in the biodegradable to the plant are removedby the Manual and Mechanical Segregator
System.The system other than achieving it’s major objective of eliminating Pollution andDumpsite also will
help the Government in terms of food production, health andeconomy.HOW THE RCS SYSTEM WORKSAs
the Biodegradable waste arrives in the RCP plant, the plastic bag containing thesegregated waste is
dropped into the Intake Conveyor and conveyed to the Manual andMechanical Segregator System. Since
they are toxic to plants and need to be removedin the fertilizer making process, the fresh biodegradable is
transferred by a screwconveyor to the rapid composting unit.RAPID COMPOSTING UNIT (RCU)The RCU is
a machine on a sealed 20 footer container van which accepts the freshbiodegradable from the MMSS. The
biodegradable material is grinded , sprayed withBio-5 Enzyme to remove toxic and bad odor, then blended
with carbon activator,microbes and cocopeat to hasten the composting process from 45 days to only 5
days,then squeezed to remove the leachate and what is left in the output after 5 minutes ispowered raw
organic fertilizer with 30% moisture content to allow the bacteria to growfor the next 5 days.LEACHATEThe
Leachate is collected and either returned to the mixing process or used as liquidfertilizer.DIATOMACIOUS
FRESH WATER ORIGIN ZEOLYTEThe Raw organic material output is further mixed with Zeolyte to create
a very highquality of organic fertilizer. Zeolyte are concentrated nutrients and minerals, comes inwhite
powdered form, 100 million years old and are very abundant in the Philippines.One of our partners own a
zeolyte mines in the province of Rizal.FIVE (5) DAYS COMPOSTINGThis Raw organic fertilizer output is
either put on a composting bin or just kept on aPoly-twine bag and stored in the bodega for 5 days
composting.After five (5) days the raw organic fertilizer is now a complete organic fertilizer and isready for
use or sold to the farmers in the amount of P250/bag of 25 kilos. ThisOrganic Fertilizer has a much higher
quality compared to the destructive NPK or
4. 4. Chemical Fertilizer that sells at P500 per 25 kilos and are the ones being used in ourfarms nationwide.
Test shows that the use of the compost with Zeolyte doubles andsometimes triple the yield of rice, corn and
sugar and other crops. HOW THE MMSS SYSTEM WORKSAs the segregated waste on a sacks or plastic
bags arrives at the Plant, the bags areopened by 2 workers and are poured to the Intake Conveyor while the
empty bags orsacks are collected for possible reuse.Automatic Enzyme Sprayer automatically is activated
above the intake conveyor toarrest possible bad odor (if there’s any)The Non-Bio waste are conveyed to the
specific destination thru a sub-conveyor.At least 4 workers can segregate efficiently and transfer the specific
waste on the seven(7) branch conveyors which convey the specific material to their specific
assignedbodegas at the end of each branch conveyor.The workers can be increased when the volume of
waste is heavy.After each deliveries and segregation processes, when not busy, the workers can go tothe
specific bodegas to further separate and arrange the material in accordance withtheir kind, model, size,
etc.The segregated material are now ready for pick up by junkshop buyers or delivered torecycling plants.
TO EFFECTIVELY MAXIMIZE THE USE OF THE TWO PLANTS THE FOLLOWING INITIAL
PREPARATIONS ARE NECESSARY. A. HOUSEHOLD DISCIPLINEPROVIDE TWO WASTE BINS TO
EACH HOUSEHOLDTwo (2) waste bins measuring approximately 14” x 12” with colors, label with
sampleplastic bags are distributed preferably free to participating household in theBaranggay to encourage
strict segregation of waste inside the house ( Nabubulok andDi-Nabubulok )PENALTYGVT ( Garbage
Violation Ticket ) shall be issued to violators of the procedure and theyhave to be paid out rightly to the
 Baranggay or any Bank in the vicinity or it willaccumulate interest and will result to their imprisonment if they
do not pay.
5. 5. HOUSEHOLD INCENTIVEOn the other hand, the Brgy. Gives COUPON to the Household who brought
out wellsegregated waste in plastic bag. The Coupon when accumulated can be exchangedwith grocery
items at the Baranggay hall as incentive or be exchanged with emptyPlastic bags.B. PROMPT
BARANGGAY HAULING OF GARBAGEBarangay hauler pickup the plastic bags containing the segregated
waste promptly onschedule, for Example: NABUBULOK - MWF 9-10 AM DI-NABUBULOK - TTHS 9-10
AMRandom inspection shall be done by the Barangay on the waste brought out by thehousehold and is
needed during the 1st month of operation to show to the Householdsthat the Barangay is serious on the
Program. A Committee to implement and monitorthe Program shall be created for the purpose.DELIVERY
OF GARBAGE TO PROCESSING PLANTSThe specific waste hauled from the households are delivered by
the Brgy. Haulers tothe following Plants:1. NABUBULOK to be brought to the RAPID COMPOSTING PLANT
( RCS)2. DI-NABUBULOK is conveyed to specific area for specific recyclable, thru asun-conveyor attached
to manual and mechanical segregator system.Barangay Haulers bring with them extra plastic bags to insert
torn ones and enzymesprayer to arrest bad odor of some waste spillage during the travel.Instantaneously,
Junkshop buyers can come and buy the materials, or the Plant canmaintain a 10 wheeler truck to deliver the
material to recycling plant.Residual material are grinded by an available SHREDDING MACHINE and the
outputis mixed with sand and cement and converted into HALLOW BLOCKS.A compactor is also available
to press the cans in order to keep its volume small fordelivery convenience.The system can handle 15 trucks
on non-bio waste per day. The plant can earn atleast (conservative computation ) P4,000 / truck or P60,000.
/ day from the sale ofthis recyclable materials.
6. 6. The earnings can easily provide incentive of P1000./truck and grocery COUPON forthe households and
cover the investment in a year time.It is recommended , to be assured of the effectiveness, viability,
economy andproductivity of the Project, a prototype model system for a Barangay be implementedand
evaluated.The two major parts of the project – Rapid Composting System and Manual &Mechanical
Segregator System (RCS and MMSS) will be on a Material Balance Schemeto attain an unobstructed flow.
C. MARKETThere is a big demand for good organic fertilizers. One of them is San MiguelCorporation who
recently has committed to buy all the produce of Bondoc Peninsula.The only problem is there is no enough
organic fertilizer available.There is also a demand for recyclable materials to lessen our importation of
plasticand other materials and help improve our economy. D. INVESTMENTEquipment investment for the
two systems ;RCS/MMSS PLANT for BIODEGRADABLE MATERIALSAnd NON-BIODEGRADABLE
MATERIALSThe lot shall be provided by the Local Government.A private investor can also participate on
BOT Scheme getting the income from thesale of the fertilizer and recyclable materials.BENEFITS AND
ADVANTAGES OF THE PROPOSAL ON THE FOLLOWING:1. ENVIRONMENT Prevents pollution through
the elimination or reduction of Dumpsite a. The biodegradable waste instead of going to dumpsite will now
go to therapid composting plant, thus preventing the pollution of our environment caused bythe emission of
methane gas coming from the dumpsite.
7. 7. 2. AGRICULTURE a. Because of the volume of high quality organic fertilizer that can be producedfrom
the household biodegradable waste, we can sufficiently supply the requirement ofour country of organic
fertilizer and in turn double or triple our food production andeventually make our country an exporter of rice,
corn, and sugar again. b. A big help to our farmers, the fertilizer can be sold at P150.00 per 25kilosbag,
compared to the destructive NPK/UREA or chemical fertilizer that costs thefarmers P500./25kilos bag. The
farmers can now have better income from the produceas they would save substantially on the cost of
fertilizer. c. Tests show that the organic fertilizer produced by the process increases theyields of crops by at
least 2 times. Again a big help to the income of our farmers.3. ECONOMY a. The local government unit will
now save on hauling cost for at least 60%since the truck haulers will now go to the nearby SWM Plant,
instead of the fardumpsite, which normally cost the P5,000. Per delivery truck including theP1,000./truck
tipping fee. b. For 20 thousand household, the LGU will save at least P1.35M /month4. HEALTH a. Prevents
occurrence of sickness brought about by the use of ChemicalFertilizer such as : Hypertension, heart disease
, arthritis, diabetes and others.ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILITY ( MRF)
8. 8. PROCESS AND SYSTEM Establishment of Material Recovery Facility ( MRF) Process and SystemI.
Introduction In our continuous search for a lasting solution to the garbage problem, various technologies are
being developed or introduced in our country. The full implementation of Republic Act 9003, otherwise
known as the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, fuel the search for the cheap but efficient
system/process that can be put up in the Material Recovery Facility (MRF) established by the local
Government Unit ( LGU) or by the interested private operator in the country. The installed system will
address the needs of established MRF to process collected garbage by segregating inorganic waste and
processing bio- waste into an environment friendly fertilizer in a very short time. Roughly 24 hours. The
machine and system developed by Filipino Inventor Dr. Luis N. Cervantes has (5) major components or
 generating scheme designed to handle expected volume of garbage generated by the host city or
municipality in the eight ( 8) hours operation.II. Description of the Five (5) Major Components A. Component
I - Deodorization & Sanitation of Garbage at Source The collection of garbage at source and transporting it
to the destined site is always a problem to people living along route. To deter objections and prevent danger
to the health of the people living in the community, the garbage truck is sprayed with deodorizer/sanitizer
before living the area. The sprayed deodorizer is biological and contains beneficial microbes. The crew of
the dump truck in its daily collection routine will conduct this operation.
9. 9. B. Component 2 – Segregation of Garbage Waste Reduction of the garbage waste is the purpose of this
component. Raw garbage is composed of 70-75% recyclables and 25-30% bio-waste. Inert materials
account to about 1-2% of the solid waste composition. The process of segregation is done as follows: 1.
Holding bin received garbage from truck; 2. Flat bed conveyor slowly conveys the garbage to the place
receptacle of the power grinder machine. While moving slowly, segregators separate recyclables assigned
to each of them respectively and place them in special boxes for papers, glass, metals, plastic, cardboard
and others. The flat bed conveyor is also provided with magnet or metal separators to screen metals before
reaching the power grinder. Selected recyclables goes storage area through a conveyor and packed for
disposal to junk market outlets.C. Component 3 – Grinding and Squeezing of Bio-waste Segregated bio-
waste goes to the power grinder machine through an uptake screw conveyor. Attached to the conveyor are
the special gadgets designed for specific purpose. The first gadget holds the bio- inoculants that sprinkle the
waste materials as it drops to the power grinder. The second gadget, holds the solid activator and nutrient
rich additives is mix with the waste material as it goes to power grinder where it is mechanically reduced
granules. Granulated bio-waste goes to squeezer/hydrator machine through a screw conveyor where the
moisture content of the material is reduced to 35% moisture content. A separate receptacle collects the
squeezed liquid. This can be used as fertilizer for grass and lawn greening project.D. Component 4 - The
Maturation and Curing Stage The processed fertilizer goes to the composition bin via an uptake screw
conveyor. The composting bin rotates at the rate of 15RPM. Maturation is completed after 24hours,
harvested and packed daily in a 25 kilos poly bag with moisture content of 28-30%.E. Component 5 –
Utilization and Application of Organic Fertilizer Organic fertilizer produced by the MRF shall be utilized as
substrate place in discarded or used poly bag. The substrate is enriched with coco coir dust at the ratio of
50% organic fertilizer, 20% coir dust and 30% garden soil.
10. 10. Target areas for Ube or Yam production in poly bag are islands of big streets and avenues in the
municipality. Expected number of Ube planted in sack throughout the municipality shall be 50,000 Ube
plants in 8 months production cycle or 250,000 Ube crop in 5 years period. The volume of plants maybe
increased if housewives in the area / municipality may adopt the technology on Ube production at their
homes and vacant spaces. This will revolutionize the processing of Ube into powdered product for the export
market and moreover create ready market for the organic fertilizer produced by MRF in the metropolis.III.
The Bio-inoculant The heart of the technology that runs MRF is the installed Mechanical System and
Process, but without the beneficial microbes that serve as inoculants in enhancing the rapid digestion
process, the fast method of producing organic fertilizer would not be possible. This replaces the old-time-
consuming process windows turning large volume of garbage compost piles, which uses up wide
composting area for a larger curing period. Until recently, the production of organic fertilizer needed
enormous effort of upsetting the organic material many times because the microorganism used composting
was almost aerobic. At a glance they may be safe, but during the maturing process, useful content volatized
with the gas which are useful content in a natural processing. Because of the lack of labor and time, the
organic materials are out back into the soil, but which will require much oxygen in order to make this
anaerobic. As a result, humus production stops and rotting fungi begin to prosper. This is the natural
decomposition process. In this new technology, digestion of inorganic waste into fertilizer is easily achieved
with the little loss, by transforming organic materials into Nitrogen, phosphate, Potassium and other content.
The technology controls moisture content of the materials at 35%. This is the moisture level loved by useful
microbes for rapid composting.
11. 11. IV. The Additives To add bulk and quality to the organic fertilizer product, the following additives are
added to the raw garbage material : 1. Coconut Coir Dust – this is a soil conditioner with growth hormone. It
can absorb moisture up to 90% providing the natural irrigation system needed by the plants for growth and
development. Coir dust maintains the organic fertilizer at 28- 30% and helps preserve its weight. The quality
of coir dust added to the material is 20%. 2. The Solid Activator – this enhances the digestion and
composting of raw materials into organic fertilizer. The beneficial microbes impregnated to the pre-mixed
materials is responsible for rapid digestion of type fed material. 25 kilos of solid activator is needed to
process one ten * of garbage.V. The Machine Capacity An MRF can install several units of this machine
depending upon the volume of waste generated by the City. For the purposes of this study, one complete
set of MRF machine will be discussed. Per hour, the machine can process 2.5 tons of raw garbage or
 20tons in 8 hours operation. Roughly, then total volume of garbage processed including recyclables is
60tons. The whole machine set up comprises the following: a. holding bins – 2units b. Flat bed conveyor -1
unit c. Power grinder – 1unit d. Uptake screw conveyor – 3 units e. Squeezer / dehydrator – 3units f.
Composting and maturing bin – 6 units g. Sets of tools and accessories h. Peripheral equipmentVI. MRF
Utilities and Other facilities 1. 3 phase electrical load 2. Water system 3. MRF Building ( processing, bodega,
office) 4. Fencing Facilities 5. Maintenance pool and guard house 6. Others
12. 12. VII. MARKETING Sales from MRF Operation include the following: 1. Recyclables 2. Organic Fertilizer
a. Market on recyclables is junk dealers inn the nearby areas / municipalities and other recycling
establishment in Metropolis b. Market for Organic fertilizer is the Ube ( Yam) projects and City’s Green
Industry ( horticulture)VIII. PERSONNEL Trained personnel will be employed to do the task during
segregation stage, processing stage, and the finishing activities. Breakdown of MRF personnel for one
whole set of MRF machines and systems are: 1. Segregation – 6 personnel 2. Machine operators – 14
workers/helpers 3. Center Manager – 1 4. Supervisor -1 5. Encoders -2 6. Secretary - 1

https://ideas.repec.org/p/eep/report/rr2005061.html

Abstract

This study looks at the implementation and financing of solid waste management in the Philippines. It
assesses how much it costs forty-one local government units (LGUs) around the country to provide
solid waste management services. It also looks at how much revenue these LGUs, and other private
waste contractors and operatives, get from supplying these services. The study was carried out in
response to a growing solid waste management crisis in the Philippines and legislation that requires
LGUs to change their practices. Its main aim was to get information to help LGUs properly finance
and implement the government's latest waste management policies and law. The study finds that
there is generally a substantial "fiscal gap" between the amount of money needed for waste
management and the amount of revenue obtained by LGUs from providing waste management
services. However, when the total economic benefits of providing these services were considered
(these included the revenues obtained by LGUs, earnings made by other parties and savings from
avoided landfill costs), it was found that some LGUs enjoyed positive net benefits. If LGUs could
exploit as many potential revenue streams as possible, they could narrow their SWM fiscal gap or
even go 'into the black'. The study highlights a number of possible strategies that could be used to
improve the financing of solid waste management. These included finding alternatives to expensive
private contractors and looking into recycling as a revenue-generating activity.
http://freshdelmonte.com/sustainability/environment-2/waste-management/recycling-efforts/
http://www.philstar.com/science-and-environment/2015/02/19/1425157/central-luzon-farmers-be-trained-agricultural-waste

Central Luzon farmers to be trained on

agricultural waste management
By Rhodina Villanueva (The Philippine Star) | Updated February 19, 2015 - 12:00am

0 6 googleplus0 0

MANILA, Philippines - The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) has signed a deal with the state-run
Tarlac College of Agriculture (TCA) to train farmers in Central Luzon on proper management of agricultural waste.

Undersecretary Jonas Leones, chief of the DENR’s Environmental Management Bureau, said the agreement was an important
step toward addressing environmental problems associated with improper management of waste from farm operations. He
referred to agricultural waste as a major pollution hazard.

“We need to train our farmers on how to properly manage agricultural waste in order to reduce risks to the environment, as well
as human health,” Leones said.

Leones signed the agreement on behalf of Environment Secretary Ramon Paje while TCA president Max Guillermo signed for
the college.

Under the agreement, the TCA will put up a “Satellite Ecology Center” within its campus in the town of Camiling, where the
academic institution will develop and hold short-term training courses on ecological solid waste management (ESWM) for
farmers.

The DENR, on the other hand, will provide TCA an initial fund of P300,000 to enable the school to develop training modules and
perform other roles and responsibilities.

Homepage ( Article MRec ), pagematch: 1, sectionmatch: 1

Aside from farmers, the TCA will also train government workers, teachers, agricultural technicians and junk shop owners on
solid waste management.

Leones said the undertaking was expected to develop an “army of ESWM trainers,” who will use existing technologies and
innovations aimed at reducing waste in the agricultural sector.

The signing of the DENR-TCA deal was among the highlights of the 14th anniversary celebration of the implementation of
Republic Act No. 9003, or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act, held recently at the DENR central office in Quezon City.

RA 9003 defines agricultural wastes as those “generated from planting or harvesting of crops, trimming or pruning of plants and
wastes or runoff materials from farms or fields.”

The most common agricultural wastes in the Philippines are rice husk, rice straw, coconut husk, coconut shell and bagasse.

Agriculture is a well-known source of water, land and air pollution. The way agricultural wastes are stored and used has
profound effects on human health and the environment.

Leones said waste from farm operations can pollute the environment and affect water quality. “In measured amounts, farm
waste acts as fertilizer. But if the amounts are excessive, bacteria and chemicals can flow into the ground and contaminate
water drinking sources.”
He added that burning of farm waste causes severe pollution of land, air and water. The smoke from agricultural burning
contains toxic pollutants that are dangerous to human health, Leones said.

http://www.bioenergyconsult.com/agricultural-resources-in-philippines/
Agricultural Wastes in the Philippines
By Salman Zafar | April 24, 2015 - 2:32 am |

The Philippines is mainly an agricultural country with a land

area of 30 million hectares, 47 percent of which is agricultural. The total area devoted to agricultural crops
is 13 million hectares distributed among food grains, food crops and non-food crops.Among the crops
grown, rice, coconut and sugarcane are major contributors to biomass energy resources.
The most common agricultural wastes in the Philippines are rice husk, rice straw, coconut husk, coconut
shell and bagasse. The country has good potential for biomass power plants as one-third of the country’s
agricultural land produces rice, and consequently large volumes of rice straw and hulls are generated.

Rice is the staple food in the Philippines. The Filipinos are among the world’s biggest rice consumers. The
average Filipino consumes about 100 kilograms per year of rice. Though rice is produced throughout the
country, the Central Luzon and Cagayan Valley are the major rice growing regions. With more than 1.2
million hectares of rain-fed rice-producing areas, the country produced around 16 million tons of rice in
2007. The estimated production of rice hull in the Philippines is more than 2 million tons per annum which
is equivalent to approximately 5 million BOE (barrels of oil equivalent) in terms of energy. Rice straw is
another important biomass resource with potential availability exceeding 5 million tons per year across the
country.

With the passing of Biofuels Act of 2006, the sugar industry in the Philippines which is the major source of
ethanol and domestic sugar will become a major thriving industry. Around 380,000 hectares of land is
devoted to sugarcane cultivation. It is estimated that 1.17 million tonnes of sugarcane trash is recoverable
as a biomass resource in the Philippines. In addition, 6.4 million tonnes of surplus bagasse is available
from sugar mills. There are 29 operating sugar mills in the country with an average capacity of 6,900
tonnes of cane per day. Majority is located in Negros Island which provides about 46% of the country’s
annual sugar production.

The Philippines has the largest number of coconut trees in the world as it produces most of the world
market for coconut oil and copra meal. The major coconut wastes include coconut shell, coconut husks
and coconut coir dust. Coconut shell is the most widely utilized but the reported utilization rate is very
low. Approximately 500 million coconut trees in the Philippines produce tremendous amounts of biomass
as husk (4.1 million tonnes), shell (1.8 million tonnes), and frond (4.5 million tonnes annually).

Maize is a major crop in the Philippines that generates large amounts of agricultural residues. It is
estimated that 4 million tonnes of grain maize and 0.96 million tonnes of maize cobs produced yearly in
the Philippines. Maize cob burning is the main energy application of the crop, and is widely practiced by
small farmers to supplement fuelwood for cooking.

http://journals.uplb.edu.ph/index.php/JESAM/article/view/468

A Survey of Waste Management Practices of Selected Swine and

Poultry Farms in Laguna, Philippines
Michelle Grace V. Paraso, Ma. Victoria O. Espaldon, Antonio J. Alcantara, Cesar C. Sevilla, Sofia A. Alaira, Marisa J.
Sobremisana, Raymond O. Ravalo, Kamya Rosalina D. Macan, Conrado A. Valdez

Abstract

The publication of “Livestock’s Long Shadow” by the Food and Agriculture Organization in 2006 has mainstreamed the
observations and concerns of animal scientists and environmentalists to the wide-ranging impacts of livestock production and
the close inter-linkages between animal health, production and the environment. In line with this, a survey was conducted to
determine the waste management practices of selected swine and poultry farms in Laguna that could have potential adverse
effects on the environment. There were inappropriate management strategies for both solid and liquid wastes by the majority
of farmer respondents particularly among small- holders. Discharge of untreated effluent into the waterways, open dumping
and hazardous open- air burning of wastes were among the unacceptable practices gathered in the survey. The present
study recognizes the need for stricter enforcement and effective dissemination of local government regulations and existing
environmental laws by concerned government agencies to ensure that a sustainable livestock and poultry production in the
province is achieved.
http://www.omicsonline.org/advances-in-recycling-waste-management.php

Recycling is a process to change waste materials into new products to prevent waste of potentially useful materials,
reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, reduce energy usage, reduce air pollution and water pollution by reducing
the need for "conventional" waste disposal.

Advances in Recycling & Waste Management is a peer reviewed and open access journal publishes articles in the
scientific society. The journal welcomes articles in the form of original articles, review articles, case reports, short
communications etc. relevant fields.

Researchers and Scientific experts of Advances in Recycling & Waste Management discipline are encouraged to publish
innovative ideas in Open Peer-Review Journals. Advances in recycling Journals broadly covers Solid waste recycling,
organic waste recycling, waste water recycling, agricultural waste recycling, sustainable production and consumption
patterns, waste oil recycling, hazardous waste recycling, food waste recycling, nuclear waste recycling, industrial waste
recycling, innovation processes, valorizing waste, Material flow analysis, Life cycle assessment and management of
resources, etc. Advances in Recycling & Waste Management Journal allows quick publication and open discussion will
enhance the clarity and information dissemination of a specific topic. The rapid and editorial bias free publishing system
will aid the readers to access and disseminate knowledge for the betterment of the scientific society.

This scholarly publishing is using Editorial Manager System for quality in review process.Editorial Manager is an online
manuscript submission, review and the progress of the article. Review processing is performed by the editorial board
members of the journal or outside experts; at least two independent reviewer’s approval followed by the editor is required
for the acceptance of any citable manuscript. Authors may submit manuscriptsand track their progress through the
system, hopefully to publication. Reviewers can download manuscripts and submit their opinions to the editor. Editors can
manage the whole submission/review/revise/publish process.

Submit your manuscript at www.editorialmanager.com/biochem or as an E-mail attachment

to advrecycling@omicsinc.com

Waste Hierarchy
The waste hierarchy alludes to the "3 Rs" reduce, reuse and recycle, which group waste administration methodologies as
indicated by their attractive quality regarding waste minimisation. The waste chain of importance remains the foundation
of most waste minimisation systems. The point of the waste chain of command is to remove the most extreme viable
advantages from items and to produce the base measure of waste; see: asset recovery.The waste progressive system is
spoken to as a pyramid in light of the fact that the fundamental reason is for arrangement to make a move first and keep
the era of waste.

Related Journals to Waste Hierarchy:

Journal of compost to agricultural land, Journal of Generalizing the Singular Value Decomposition, Journal of
Temperature in Plant Species composting.

Fossil Fuel
Fossil fuel is any naturally occurring carbon compound found in the Earth's crust that has been produced by anaerobic
conditions and high pressures acting on dead organisms. These fossil fuel deposits are typically found at depths beneath
the Earth surface or ocean floor of tens of meters to kilometers, and often occur in large agglomerations of gas, liquid or
solid matter. Presently, combustion of fossil fuels account for over 86 percent of the world's artificial energy delivered to
the human society. These fuels are considered non-renewable in that their natural creation time requires millions of years.
The extraction, processing and combustion of fossil fuels causes significant adverse environmental consequences to
biodiversity, air quality and water quality, as well as substantial impacts to human health and mortality. These processes
also generate large quantities of greenhouse gases delivered to the atmosphere. Fossil fuels are utilized as feedstock for
synthesis of a wide variety of petrochemicals and medicinal products. These fuels may occur as gases ranging from low
molecular weight compounds such as methane, to liquid petroleum products, and also include solids, chiefly coals.

Related journals of fossil fuel:

Journal of Earth Science & Climatic Change, Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Engineering, Journal of Ecosystem &
Ecography, Journal of Environmental & Analytical Toxicology, Forest Research: Open Access, Journal of Biodiversity &
Endangered Species, Journal of Biodiversity, Bioprospecting and Development.

Composting
Composting is nature's process of recycling decomposed organic materials into a rich soil known as compost. Anything
that was once living will decompose. Basically, backyard composting is an acceleration of the same process nature uses.
Composting microbes are aerobic they can't do their work well unless they are provided with air. They do cause slow
decomposition, but the pile tends to smell like putrefying garbage for this reason, it's important to regularly stir your pile.
Some compost ingredients, such as green grass clippings or wet fruits and vegetables, mat down very easily into slimy
layers that air cannot get through. Other ingredients, such as straw, shredded paper or dried leaves, are very helpful in
allowing air into the center of a pile. To make sure that you have adequate aeration for your pile and its microbes,
thoroughly break up or mix in any ingredients that might mat down and exclude air. Fruit and vegetable wastes generally
have plenty of moisture, as do fresh green grass clippings and garden trimmings. In hot, dry climates, it may be necessary
to water your pile occasionally to maintain proper moisture. If you are using dry ingredients, such as dried leaves or straw,
you'll need to moisten them as you add them to the pile.

Related journals of composting:

Journal of compost to agricultural land, Journal of Generalizing the Singular Value Decomposition, Journal of
Temperature in Plant Species composting.

Greenhouse
Green houses are climate controlled. Jain Green Houses have a variety of applications, the majority being, off-season
growing of vegetables, floriculture, planting material acclimatization, fruit crop growing for export market and plant
breeding and varietals improvement. The greenhouse effect is a naturally occurring process that aids in heating the
Earth's surface and atmosphere. It results from the fact that certain atmospheric gases, such as carbon dioxide, water
vapor, and methane, are able to change the energy balance of the planet by absorbing long wave radiation emitted from
the Earth's surface. Without the greenhouse effect life on this planet would probably not exist as the average temperature
of the Earth would be a chilly -18° Celsius, rather than the present 15° Celsius. As energy from the sun passes through
the atmosphere a number of things take place. A portion of the energy 26% globally is reflected or scattered back to
space by clouds and other atmospheric particles. About 19% of the energy available is absorbed by clouds, gases like
ozone and particles in the atmosphere. Of the remaining 55% of the solar energy passing through the Earth's
atmosphere, 4% is reflected from the surface back to space. On average, about 51% of the sun's radiation reaches the
surface. This energy is then used in a number of processes including the heating of the ground surface the melting of ice
and snow and the evaporation of water; and plant photosynthesis.

Related journals of greenhouse:

Journals of Forest Research: Journal of Pollution Effects & Control, Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,
European Journal of Soil Science.
Immobilization
Immobilization in soil science is the conversion of inorganic compounds to organic compounds by micro-organisms or
plants, by which it is prevented from being accessible to plants. Immobilization is the opposite of mineralization.
Immobilization of biocatalysts helps in their economic reuse and in the development of continuous bioprocesses.
Biocatalysts can be immobilized either using the isolated enzymes or the whole cells. Immobilization often stabilizes
structure of the enzymes, thereby allowing their applications even under harsh environmental conditions of pH,
temperature and organic solvents, and thus enables their uses at high temperatures in non-aqueous enzymology, and in
the fabrication of biosensor probes. In the future, development of techniques for the immobilization of multienzymes along
with cofactor regeneration and retention system can be gainfully exploited in developing biochemical processes involving
complex chemical conversions. The present review outlines some of the above aspects, and delineates the present status
and future potentials of immobilized enzymes and nonviable cells in the emerging biotech industries.

Related journals of immobilization:

Nuclear waste form for the immobilization of plutonium, Journal of cement-based materials to radioactive waste
immobilization, The immobilization of high level radioactive wastes using ceramics and glasses, Journal of Bioprocessing
& Biotechniques.

Organic Matter
Organic matter as the plant and animal residues we incorporate into the soil. We see a pile of leaves, manure, or plant
parts and think, "Wow! I'm adding a lot of organic matter to the soil. This stuff is actually organic material not organic
matter. Organic material is anything that was alive and is now in or on the soil. For it to become organic matter it must be
decomposed into humus. Humus is organic material that has been converted by microorganisms to a resistant state of
decomposition. Organic material is unstable in the soil, changing form and mass readily as it decomposes. As much as 90
percent of it disappears quickly because of decomposition. Organic matter is stable in the soil. It has been decomposed
until it is resistant to further decomposition. Usually, only about 5 percent of it mineralizes yearly. That rate increases if
temperature, oxygen and moisture conditions become favorable for decomposition, which often occurs with excessive
tillage. It is the stable organic matter that is analyzed in the soil test. Organic matter causes soil to clump and form soil
aggregates, which improves soil structure. With better soil structure, permeability infiltration of water through the soil
improves, in turn improving the soil's ability to take up and hold water.

Related journals of organic matter:

Journal of Biofertilizers & Biopesticides, Journal of Environmental & Analytical Toxicology, Journal of Pollution Effects &
Control, Forest Research: Open Access, Journal of Biodiversity & Endangered Species, Journal of Biodiversity,
Bioprospecting and Development

Industrial Waste
Industrial waste contains a diversity of impurities and therefore for this reason alone, its treatment constitutes a special
task. Furthermore, the emission limits for industrial effluent are constantly being tightened up. Closed circuits and product
recovery in various production processes are becoming an increasing priority among manufacturing companies. These
measures represent an additional contribution to the protection of aquatic eco-systems and possess great cost-cutting
potential. WABAG can refer to long-term experience in the industrial wastewater treatment sector. The resulting expertise
is advantageously employed for the technical and economic optimization of every subsequent facility. The treatment
process may contain mechanical, biological and chemical physical process steps. In the case of biological, anaerobic
wastewater treatment we employ conventional processes and space-saving, high-performance reactors. We have
completed a large number of large-scale plants on the basis of the world’s most frequently used UASB process. Other
systems are also utilized in accordance with the characteristics of the wastewater, e.g. the activated sludge process Rapid
industrialization has resulted in the generation of huge quantity of wastes, both solid and liquid, in industrial sectors such
as sugar, pulp and paper, fruit and food processing, sago starch, distilleries, dairies, tanneries, slaughterhouses, poultries,
etc. Despite requirements for pollution control measures, these wastes are generally dumped on land or discharged into
water bodies, without adequate treatment, and thus become a large source of environmental pollution and health hazard.

Related journals of industrial waste:

Journal of Pollution Effects & Control, International Journal of Waste Resources, Forest Research: Open Access, Journal
of Cleaner Production in industrial outcome, Utilization of industrial waste products as adsorbents for the removal of dyes,
Waste management policies for industrial development

Incineration Research
Incineration is a transfer technique in which strong natural squanders are subjected to ignition in order to change over
them into deposit and vaporous items. This technique is helpful for transfer of deposit of both strong waste administration
and strong buildup from waste water administration. This procedure decreases the volumes of strong waste to 20 to 30
percent of the first volume. Incineration and other high temperature waste treatment frameworks are in some cases
portrayed as "warm treatment". Incinerators change overwaste materials into warmth, gas, steam, and fiery remains.

Related Journals of Incineration:

Nuclear waste form for the immobilization of plutonium, Journal of cement-based materials to radioactive waste
immobilization, The immobilization of high level radioactive wastes using ceramics and glasses, Journal of Bioprocessing
& Biotechniques.

Adsorption Process
The process of adsorption involves separation of a substance from one phase accompanied by its accumulation or
concentration at the surface of another. The adsorbing phase is the adsorbent, and the material concentrated or adsorbed
at the surface of that phase is the adsorbate. Adsorption is thus different from absorption, a process in which material
transferred from one phase to another e.g. liquid interpenetrates the second phase to form a solution. The term sorption is
a general expression encompassing both processes.

Related journals of adsorption:

Journal of Chromatography & Separation Techniques, Chemical Sciences Journal, Journal of Thermodynamics &
Catalysis, Journal of the International Adsorption Society, Journal of Encapsulation and Adsorption Sciences

Resource Efficiency
Resource efficiency mirrors the understanding that present, worldwide, monetary development and advancement can't be
managed with the present generation and utilization designs. Comprehensively, we are separating a larger number of
assets to create merchandise than the planet can replenish. Resource effectiveness is the lessening of the ecological
effect from the generation and utilization of these products, from conclusive crude material extraction to last utilize and
transfer. This procedure of asset effectiveness can address supportability.

Related Journals of Resource efficiency:

Journal of Earth Science & Climatic Change, Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Engineering, Journal of Ecosystem &
Ecography, Journal of Environmental & Analytical Toxicology, Forest Research: Open Access, Journal of Biodiversity &
Endangered Species, Journal of Biodiversity, Bioprospecting and Development.