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Ram Sankar
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Prepared by: Engr. Ram Sankar
CHAPTER 1
GETTING STARTED
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Establishing Communication with Relay:
1. Open MICOM S1 studio and click on NEW SYSTEM.
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5. Right click on added substation and click on NEW VOLTAGE LEVEL.
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11. Then write your device name and click on NEXT.
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12. Now lid up top cover of your relay and check for its complete model no. And write it on the
window prompted next after the previous step. Then click on NEXT.
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18. Write name for your connection and click on FINISH.
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19. Click on OK.
20. Now right click on connection you just made and select TEST CONNECTION.
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23. No
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26. Now go to CONFIGURATION tab in settings window and make DISTANCE, ENABLE.
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Prepared by: Engr. Ram Sankar
27. Now go to GROUP1 tab and make all zones enable.
28. Now click on GROUP1 DISTANCE ELEMENTS. And enter your desired values for R and Z for
phase and ground faults.
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31. Now right click on DEVICE and click on SEND. Then select “000” and click on send. Then on
next window click on YES.
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37. Now enter your zone timings and tolerance for impedance and time values and pre fault or
fault conditions.
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39. Select phase for which you want to edit the graph for zone reaches.
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42. By entering alpha angle i.e. angle of line with x-axis. And horizontal/ vertical values you will
make your graph.
43. After drawing every line click on “SAVE ELEMENT” and when your desired zone is created
click on CREATE ZONE.
44. Make all 5 zones and save it and close the ref. Graph editor window. Now do the same for
AB and ABC.
45. Remember in micom Z4 is fixed to be reverse zone.
46. ZP is programmable zone which is usually fwd.
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49. Now add as many ramps as you want to. Now select all the phases for which you want to
take your zone reaches and click on START.
50. When you will make graph for ground reaches. Ground resistive reach is equal to the value
given in final settings but for reactance reach for ground zones actual reactance is equal to
value given = X * COS(line angle) * SIN(compensation angle).
52. Now click on “Create a graph from Rx Ramp” button and enter your line angle and then
select phases for which you want to take Zone Timing and click on START.
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2. Now configure an INPUT for AID 1 Receive and an output for carrier send and zone2 trip.
3. Now inject Zone 2 fault. You will get delayed trip and carrier will be sent.
4. Now simulate carrier receive and inject zone2 fault you will get instantaneous trip.
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2. Now configure an input for carrier received and one for Loss of Guard signal i.e. AID 1
COS/ LGS.
3. Apply zone 2 fault and observe delayed trip and carrier send.
4. Apply zone 2 fault and simulate carrier receive and observe instantaneous trip.
5. Apply zone 2 fault with both carrier receive and aid 1 loss of guard inputs and observe
instantaneous trip. Note that LGS I/P should only come when fault is injected. So use
binary O/P of freja and configure this O/P to become close once 2nd stage in freja is run.
6. Now apply zone2 fault with AID 1 channel fail input and observe trip after the set
delayed time in scheme logic settings.
7. Note that in this scheme carrier received LED will not appear even if carrier received is
there. It will glow only once fault is injected.
4. Blocking Scheme:
1. In this scheme carrier send logic is reverse zone fault that is zone 4 in MICOM.
2. Trip logic (instantaneous) is zone 2 fault without any carrier received.
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2. Take the timing of echo. Take start contact as soon as you apply Carrier Receive I/P. And
Stop contact of Tm200 timer from AID 1 SEND O/P is high.
3. Note that even if you set ECHO as OFF, take 52B contact for CB and give I/P to this signal
in PSL. Now make CB CONTROL in HMI on 52B 3 phase. Now if you will simulate carrier
receive, it will send ECHO. Supporting arguments are that it helps in tripping breaker at
other end no matter if local CB is open. Conversely if at site you will have to make echo
off, then select CB CONTROL on HMI as NONE.
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2. Now without injecting any fault simulate Carrier received I/P. You will get ECHO and WI
3 ph. TRIP O/P’s after the set delayed time.
3. Take start contact of TM 200 from Carrier Receive I/P and stop contact from WI 3 ph.
TRIP O/P contact.
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2. Now set its inner and outer boundaries.
3. Blocking means it will be blocked even after PSB is gone until healthy conditions.
4. Delayed Unblock means zones will be released after set delay.
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5. Allow Trip will allow trip of zones. For phase to Earth this setting should be Allow
Trip as our PSB is always 3 phase.
6. Now to take the timer of Unblock Delay, start your timer with output POER SWING
and stop with zone 1 fault.
7. To take PSB Reset Delay, start your timer with zone fault (and stop freja as well with
the same contact i.e. zone 1 trip) and stop with RESET of POWER SWING.
4. FUSE FAILURE:
1. ENABLE, SUPERVISION in CONFIGURATION.
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3. Now give three phase voltages and also current e.g. 0.2 A. Because this fuse failure is
under load condition.
4. Now decrease the voltage of one phase by 30 V of the rated voltage while other two
phases are healthy i.e. rated voltage is there on these.
5. Now as you will decrease one phase voltage, NEGATIVE SEQUENCE VOLTAGE will
decrease and fuse failure works on 10V negative sequence voltage.
6. Now measure pick up and for drop off increase quickly as FUSE FAILURE holds after
some time like 10 s or so.
7. For checking timing for VT fuse failure, inject in general mode of freja on sequence
mode. Keep the current on both pages exactly same other wise fuse failure will not
operate.
8. Now to check negative sequence current inhibit, change one phase angle only.
9. Now make it above your set value while keeping the voltages healthy.
10. Now decrease one phase voltage below 30V. Start decreasing your negative
sequence current by making the angle normal. Now as soon as the current gets
below your set value, fuse failure will pick up. Note this value. As fuse failure will not
reset if it is operated and then you increase your negative sequence current.
11. For inhibit current setting you should inject greater than your set limit. Now
decrease one phase voltage below set value. FUSE FAILURE should not operate. Now
start decreasing your current value until fuse failure operates. Note this value of
current as your inhibit current value.
12. For external fuse failure give I/P to MCB/ VTS and check fuse failure should come.
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2. Now ENABLE DEF STATUS. Set zero sequence as polarizing factor.
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2. Testing VNpol:
1. 3 phase balance voltage and current injected to the relay. Now decrease one phase
current greater than its operating value. Now start decreasing voltage of the same
phase. Decrease voltage slowly. As soon as it picks up (note your P/U value for VNpol)
start increasing to note your D/O value. Don’t decrease voltage, once it is picked up,
unnecessarily or you can not get your D/O value.
3. Communication Schemes:
1. POR:
1. Go to SCHEME COMMUNICATION logic and enable AID 2 and set it as POR.
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2. Here make your AID 2 DEF enable while keeping AID 2 DISTANCE disable.
3. Now inject forward zone current and observe carrier send. Measure send time.
4. Inject forward fault without carrier, and observe no trip.
5. Inject fwd. Fault and simulate carrier receive and observe instantaneous trip.
2. Blocking Scheme:
1. Select blocking scheme from SCHEME LOGIC> AID 2 Selection.
Now send logic is reverse fault and trip logic is fwd fault without carrier received. No
trip at all will be observed with fwd. Fault and carrier received.
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