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2018 [{d;

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khh;f;]; 12 Thesam foaYï ISSN 2536-8915

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2 [{d; 2018

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mLj;j ,jo; 2018 [{iy khjj;jpy; vjph;ghUq;fs;.


[{d; 2018 3

kuzg; nghwpapypUe;J
Mrphpah; gPlk; : 011 3098249
ngf;]; : 011 2160691
e-mail; : deshamnews@gmail.com
Kfthp : 22/13 1/1> rkd; cad>
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jk;gN`d tPjp> k`ufk.

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ghjpj;Js;sJ. Kd;tutpy;iy. cj;juthjq;fis epiwNtw;w Kbahnjd;gNj MFk;.

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ngUk; fld; RikapypUf;Fk; murpw;F E}W ehs; Ntiyj;jpl;lKk; gpRgpRj;Jg; Ngha;tpl;ld.
nghUshjhu neUf;fb ngUk; rthyhFk;. jd;idAk; jdJ cwtpdh;fisAk; gzj;jpdhy;
epiwg;gjw;F vz;zpdhh;. mth; toq;fpa thf;FWjpAk; ehl;ilf; Fl;br;Rtuhf;Fk; epiwNtw;W mjpfhu
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rpwe;j nghUshjhu jpl;lj;ij cUthf;f epiwNtw;wg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy. epiwNtw;wjpfhuj;ij
ePf;Ftjw;F Ml;rpapdhpy; 2/3 MjuT NjitahfTs;s Ml;rpg;gPlNkwpa ikj;jphp ,d;W nksdk; rhjpg;gjw;fhd
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20 &ghthYk;> xU yPw;wh; kz;nzz;nza; epiwNtw;wjpfhuj;ij ePf;f Ml;rpahsh; ,Jtiu muz;fisj; Jisj;J ntspehl;Lf; fk;gdpfSf;Fk;>
tpiy 57 &ghthYk;> xU yPw;wh; Kd;tutpy;iy. ntspehl;L KjyhspfSf;Fk; ek; ehl;il #iwahl
#g;gh; Brypd; tpiy 9 &ghthYk; ,lk; nfhLj;jJk; ,e;j epiwNtw;W mjpfhuk; nfhz;l
cah;j;jg;gl;lJ. ,jidj; njhlh;e;J 2015 [dthp 8k; jpfjp [dhjpgjp ikj;jphpghy [dhjpgjp Kiwjhd; vd;gij ikj;jphp kwe;Jtpl;lhuh?
g]; fl;lzk; cah;tile;jJ. Kr;rf;fu rpwpNrd mth;fs; gjtpf;F te;jTld; 100 ehs; my;yJ tha;%b nksdpahf ,Ue;jhy; vJTk;
Ntiyj;jpl;lk; xd;iwr; rkh;g;gpj;jpUe;jhh;. mjpy; tug;gpurhjk; fpl;Lk; vd;W epidf;fpwhuh?
tz;b rhujpfSk; jq;fs; fl;lzj;ij epiwNtw;wjpfhu ePf;FjYk; cs;slq;fpapUe;jJ.
cah;j;jpAs;sdu;. ,d;ndhUKiw [dhjpgjpahfg; Nghl;baplTk; mikg;GKiwahf xd;Wg;gl;L elj;jpr;
Nghtjpy;iy vd;Wk; $wpapUe;jhh;. Mdhy; nry;yNtz;ba ehL> midj;J mjpfhuq;fisAk;
,e;jf; fl;lz cah;T fhuzkhf jd; iff;Fs; mlf;fpf; nfhz;l jdp kdpjdpd;
md;whlk; tho;f;ifiaf; nfhz;L elj;Jk; [dhjpgjpapd; epiwNtw;wjpfhuj;ij ePf;f Ntz;Lnkd;W
,g;NghJ mth; $Wtjpy;iy. iff;Fs; NghFk;NghJ mJNt ehl;bd; mopTg;ghij
rhjhuz kf;fs; ngUk; rpukj;jpw;F vd;W Gyg;gltpy;iyNah? Vw;fdNt ,Ue;j
cs;shfpAs;sdh;. jw;NghJ kf;fs; tpLjiy Kd;dzpapd; [dhjpgjpfs; ,t;tjpfhuj;ij gad;gLj;jp Mba
jiythpdhy; ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;l kdpj euNtl;ilfis kwe;J tpl;L ehk; vg;gb
,J ,t;thwpUf;f> kuj;jpy; Vwp 20tJ jpUj;jg; gpNuuizf;F MjuthfTk;> vjph;g;Gf;fhl;lhky; ,Uf;f KbAk;?
tpOe;jtid khL ,bj;j fijiaNghyg; vjpuhfTk; fUj;Jf;fs; Ngrg;gl;L tUfpwJ.
jw;NghJ ehl;bd; gy ghfq;fspYk; fLk; [hjpf n`y cWka fl;rpapd; gh. cWg;gpdh;fs; ,e;j epiwNtw;wjpfhuj;ij ghJfhf;f ngUk;ghd;ik
kio. gy gFjpfspy; kz; rhpT> nts;sg; epiwNtw;wjpfhuj;ij ePf;ff;$lhJ vd;w thjj;ij ,dthjKk; ,d;W jiyj;J}f;FfpwJ. ,J
Kd;itj;Js;sdh;. gfpuq;f tpthjj;jpw;Fk; miog;G rpWghd;ikia mlf;fp xLf;Fk; mjpfhukh? ,e;j
ngUf;F Vw;gl;Ls;sjhy; tptrhapfSk; Mgj;jhd epiwNtw;wjpfhuk; nfhz;l [dhjpgjp Kiw
ngUkstpy; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sdu;. ,jdhy; tpl;Ls;sdh;. ,th;fspd; [dehafg; gz;G ,g;NghJ
ntspg;gl;Ls;sJ. ngsj;j rpq;fs Nkyhjpf;f ,yq;iff;F Njitah?
mg;gFjpfspy; kuf;fwpfspd; tpisr;rYk;
ghjpg;gile;Js;sJld; kuf;fwpfspd; Nehf;fj;ij epiwNtw;Wtjw;F epiwNtw;wjpfhuk;
NjitahfTs;sjh vd;W vz;zj; Njhd;WfpwJ.
tpiyfSk; cah;tila tha;g;G cs;sJ. Njrpa Rje;jpu Kd;dzp vd;w fl;rpAk; ,Nj ,e;jpu[pj;
4 [{d; 2018

1948 -k; Mz;by; Rje;jpuk; vd;W


nrhy;yg;gl;L vkJ ehl;bw;F
nts;isahpdhy; toq;fg;gl;lJ. mf;fhyj;jpy;
,e;jpahtpy; ghhpanjhU Nghuhl;lk; gy
epiwNtw;wjpfhuKk;
caph;j;jpahfq;fSld; ele;NjwpaJ ,yq;ifiaAk;>
,e;jpahitAk; xNu ehl;ilg; Nghd;Nw nts;isah;
eph;tfpj;jpUe;jdh;. me;j tifapy; mq;NfapUe;j
Kjyhsp th;f;fj;jplKk; ,q;NfapUe;j Kjyhsp
th;f;fj;jplKk; Rje;jpuk; vd;w ngaUld;
jkJ th;f;f eyd;fSf;Fg; gq;fkpy;yhky;
20tJ jpUj;jKk;
ifaspj;jpUe;jdh;. vkJ ehl;by; B.v];.
Nrdhehaf;fhtpdJ ifapy; Kjd; Kjy; Ml;rp
ifaspf;fg;gl;lJ. ehl;L kf;fspd; gpur;rpidfisj;
jPh;g;gjw;Fg; gjpyhfj; jkJ ,Ug;igj; jf;fitj;Jf;
nfhs;tjw;Nf rl;lq;fis ,aw;wpj; jk;ikg;
ghJfhj;Jf; nfhz;ldh; ,JNt fle;j fhy
tuyhwhFk;.
gpd;dh; nt];l;kpdp];lh; Kiwapd; fPo;
,e;ehL njhlh;e;J fhydpj;Jt Mjpf;fj;jpypUe;J
etfhydpj;Jtkhf khwp nts;is Vfhjpgj;jpaj;jpd;
fPNoNa 1972 FbauR ahg;G vOjg;gLk;tiu ePbj;J
te;Js;sJ. md;iwa VfNghf Kjyhspj;Jtj;jpw;Fg;
gjpyhf 1978k; Mz;L epiwNtw;wjpfhu [dhjpgjp
Kiw Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. fle;j Ml;rpapy; kf;fs;
gl;l Jauj;jpd; tpisTfspdhy; 1977y; I.Nj.
fTf;F ehl;L kf;fs; rfyUk; thf;fspj;jpUe;jdh;.
gpd; tpisTfisg; gw;wpr; rpe;jpf;fhky; I.Nj.
fl;rpf;F thf;fspj;jjdhy; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l
kuzg; nghwpiag; gw;wpr; rpe;jpf;ftpy;iy.
,ij kf;fs; Miz vd;W nrhy;yp 5/6 gq;F
ngUk;ghd;ikiaAk; I.Nj.f. ngw;Wf; nfhz;lJ.
[dehafk; vd;w ngaUld; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l
Ml;rp rh;thjpfhukhfTk;> epiwNtw;wjpfhukhfTk;>
jdpegh; Mjpf;fkhfTk; cUkhwpaJ 1982y;
KjyhtJ [dhjpgjpj; Njh;jy; eilngw;wJ. me;j
ntw;wpAld; jkJ Ml;rp ePbg;gpw;fhd kf;fspd;
tpUg;igg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; Njh;jYk; eilngw;wJ.
1981y; khtl;l rig kNrhjhitf; nfhz;L te;J
ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ. gpujk ke;jphp mikr;rh;fs; murpay; rhrd Nguit kf;fs; tpLjiy Kd;dzpf;F Vida fl;rpfs;
1978> 79-y; ghhpa ,df;fytuq;fs; mjD} Mfpatw;wpw;Fg; gfph;e;jspf;fg;gLk;. gag;gLtJ vjw;fhf. jkJ fsthba nghUs;gz;lk;
lhf kiyafj;jpypUe;J jkpo; kf;fis tlf;Ff; nrhj;Jf;fs; gwpKjyhfptpLk; vd;gjdhy; MFk;.
fpof;fpw;F tpul;babj;jdh; 1980-y; xU yl;rk; mur [dhjpgjpf;F ,y;yhJNghFk; mjpfhuq;fs; mth;fsJ Ml;rpapy; Cow;Ngh;topfs; jg;gNt
Copahpd; Ntiy epWj;jj;jpw;fhd jz;lidahf KbahJ.
mth;fisg; gjtpapypUe;J ePf;fpaik 1979y; jdpkdpj tpUg;gpd; %yk; mikr;rh;fis
epakpj;jy; ntspehl;Lj; J}Jth;fis epakpj;jy; [dehaf ghuhSkd;w Kiwapd; %yk;
nfhz;Ltug;gl;l mtrufhyr; rl;lj;jpd; %yk; [dhjpgjpapd; mYtyf Copah;fspd; Ml;rpajpfhuj;ij kf;fsplj;jpy; vjph;ghh;f;Fk;
njhopyhsh; chpikfs; gwpf;fg;gl;ld. mj;NjhL vz;zpf;ifiaf; Fiwj;jy; Mfpatw;iwg; fl;rp kf;fs; tpLjiy Kd;dzpahFk;. ve;j
gaq;futhj jLg;Gr;rl;lk; nfhz;Ltug;gl;lJ. ghuhSkd;wNk jPh;khdpf;Fk;. ePjpj;Jiw RahjPdkhf ,dj;ijr; rhh;e;j Nkl;Lf;Fbf;fl;rpfSk; mth;fis
jkpo; ,isQh;fs; gyh; fhzhkw;Nghapdh;. 1981y; ,aq;f topNaw;gLk;. Njh;jy; Mizf;FO tpUk;gkhl;lhh;fs;. vdNt> kf;fs; mth;fSf;Nf
aho; E}y; epiyak; vhpf;fg;gl;lJ. 94 Mapuk; RahjPdkhfr; nraw;gLk; mur Nritfisf; mjpfhuk; toq;fNtz;Lk;.
Gj;jfq;fs; jPapdhy; rhk;gyhdJ. a+.vd;.gp.apd; fz;fhzpg;gjw;fhd Mizf;FO RahjPdkhfr;
ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdh;fshf ,Ue;j 30 w;Fk; 35 epiwNtw;wjpfhuk; xopf;fg;glNtz;Lnkd;gjw;fhd
nraw;gLk; Clfr; Rje;jpuk; ghJfhf;fg;gLk; epahaq;fis kf;fSk; fl;rpfSk;
tajpw;Fkpilg;gl;l jiyahl;bg; nghk;ikfs; fzf;fha;thsh; Neh;ikahfTk; Rje;jpukhfTk;
uapy; %yk; aho;g;ghzj;jpw;F te;J ,e;jg; czh;e;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. jj;jkJ fl;rpfspd;
nraw;gl tha;g;G Vw;gLk;. ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; eyd;fisNah Nkl;Lf;Fb th;f;f eyd;fisNah
ngUikf;Fhpa nraiyr; nra;Js;sdh;. ,uhZtk;> mikf;fg;gLk; Mizf;FOf;fs; midj;Jk;
nghyp]; ghJfhg;Gf; nfhLf;fhky; ,Ue;jpUe;jhy; Kd;dpiyg;gLj;jhky; rpe;jpf;fNtz;Lk;. 1970k;
RahjPdkhf ,aq;f topNaw;gLj;jg;gLk;. Mz;bw;F Kd;gpUe;j [dehafj;ijahtJ
kPz;Lk; uapypy; gazk; nra;jpUf;f Kbe;jpUf;fhJ.
vd;gJTk; cz;ik. nfhz;Ltu Kaw;rpnaLf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,dq;fSf;fhd
1983-y; ,df;fytuk; 13 ,uhZtj;jpdh;
jkpo; K];yPk; murpay;thjpfspd; Nkk;ghL cz;ikahd ey;yhl;rp mjpfhuj;jpD}
lhfNt ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. jw;Nghija
jpUney;Ntypapy; Gypfshy; nfhy;yg;gl;ldh;. Fw;wr;rhl;LfSk; cz;ik epiyAk; Nkl;Lf;Fb th;f;f Ml;rpajpfhuj;jpd; %yk;
mth;fisf; fz;Lgpbf;fj; jpuhzpaw;w mur vijAk; ngw;W tplKbahnjd;gNj epjh;rdkhd
gilapdh; jkpo; kf;fSf;nfjpuhd fytuj;ijj; epiwNtw;wjpfhuk; ,y;yhkyhf;fg;gl;lhy; Nguk;
NgRk; rf;jp rpWghd;ik ,dq;fSf;F ,y;yhky; cz;ikahFk;. ehl;bw;fhd nghUshjhu
J}z;b tpl;bUe;jdh; kPz;Lk; mfjpfshf;fg;gl;l mgptpUj;jpj;jpl;lq;fs; kf;fs; tpLjiy
kiyaf kf;fs; tlf;Ff; fpof;if Nehf;fpg; Ngha;tpLk; vd;gjhFk;. jkpo; kf;fSf;fhff;
nfhz;Ltug;gl;l 13tJ jpUj;jk; nraypoe;JtpLk; Kd;dzpapdhplNk cz;L. Ntnwe;jf; fl;rpfsplKk;
gilnaLj;jdh;. epiwNtw;wjpfhuk; kf;fSf;Fg; ,y;iy. vdNt> mth;fs; fhl;Lk; rhpahd ghijf;Nf
Nguopitj; je;jNjnahopa ed;ik vjidAk; vd;Wk; chpikfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; tha;g;G
,y;yhJ Ngha;tpLk; vd;Wk; fUJfpd;wdh;. kf;fs; tuNtz;Lk;. mth;fshy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;l
nfhz;Ltutpy;iy. [dhjpgjpajpfhuj;ij ePf;fhkYk; 20tJ jpUj;jj;jpd; %yk; ehl;ilg; ghhpa
epiwNtw;wjpfhuk; ,Jtiu ,Ue;Jte;jpUf;fpwJ.
typikia mjpfhpg;gjw;fhfTk; nfhz;Ltug;gl;l ngw;w gad;fs; kf;fisr; nrd;wile;jjh tsh;r;rpf;F ,l;Lr; nry;y KbAk;. ,ij Vw;Wf;
jpUj;jq;fs; 19 MFk;. vd;gijj; jkpo; K];ypk; kf;fs; rpe;jpf;f nfhs;sj;jtwpd; ehL ghhpa gpd;dilTfisr;
Ntz;Lk;. [dhjpgjp ghuhSkd;wj;jpdhy; njhpT re;jpg;gJ cWjp. n`y cWkaTk; gpf;Ffs;
20tJ jpUj;jk; Vd;? nra;ag;gl;lhy; mth; ve;jnthU fl;rpapYk; gjtp> Kd;dzpAk; vf;fhyj;jpYk; Ml;rpf;F tuKbahJ.
1994> 1999> 2005> 2010 Mfpa [dhjpgjpj; mq;fj;Jtk; ePf;fg;gLk;. me;j tifapy; mth; Vnddpy; ehl;bd; nghUshjhu tq;FNuhj;J
Njh;jy;fspy; epiwNtw;wjpfhuj;ij xopg;gjhf nghJthd xUtuhfNt fzpf;fg;gLthh;. kw;Wk; epiyiag; gw;wpa mwpT mth;fsplk; ,y;iy.
kf;fSf;F thf;FWjp toq;fpNa [dhjpgjpj; ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; Ml;rpaikf;Fk; fl;rpfSld; njspthd murpaw; nfhs;ifAk; mth;fsplk;
Njh;jy;fspy; Nghl;bapl;bUe;jdh;. ,Wjpahf Nguk; Ngrf;$ba re;jh;g;gk; fpilf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy; ,y;iy. vkJ ehl;by; xt;nthU FbkfDk; Ie;J
eilngw;w 2015y; [dhjpgjp Ntl;ghsuhfg; rpWghd;ikapdq;fspd; tug;gpurhjq;fisg; yl;rk; fldhspahth;. rhpahd Ml;rpajpfhuk;
Nghl;bapl;l ikj;jphpghy mth;fSk; 100 ehs; ngw;Wf;nfhs;syhk; vd;W vz;zpf; nfhz;bUg;gij ,d;Nwy; ek;ik kPl;f KbahJ. ,e;j yl;rzj;jpy;
Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpy; epiwNtw;W [dhjpgjp Kiwia tpl> jkJ ,dq;fspy; tWikf; Nfhl;bd; epiwNtw;wjpfhuk; ePf;fg;glf;$lhnjd;W tpthjk;
xopg;gJTk; cs;slf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ Mdhy; mth; fPo; tho;e;J tUk; kf;fSf;fhfTk; Vida elj;j tUkhW Nfhhpf;ifAk; tpLj;Js;sdh;.
mjw;fhd Kaw;rp vjidAk; vLj;jpUf;ftpy;iy. ,dq;fspy; tho;e;J tUk; tWikf; Nfhl;bd; ,th;fspd; nrhj;Jf;fis vg;gbr; Nrh;j;jdh; vd;W
fPo; thOk; kf;fSf;fhfTk; Fuy; nfhLj;jhy; tpthjk; elj;jtUkhW Nfhhpdhy; tUthh;fsh?
20 ,d; fPo; [dhjpgjpapd; jiytpjp ehl;L kf;fspd; ftdj;ij <h;f;f KbAk;.
,dj;Jtkw;w epiyg;ghl;il vLf;f KbAk;. mjd;
vd;W rpe;jpf;f Ntz;Lk; ,itfs; xUGwkpUf;f>
ehl;L kf;fspd; Nkyhd tho;f;iff;fhd
20tJ jpUj;jk; epiwNtw;wg;gl;lhy; ,Jtiu %yk; ,dj;jpw;fhfg; Nguk; NgRk; Fw;wr;rhl;L nraw;ghl;by; epiwNtw;wjpfhu ePf;fk; Kf;fpakhd
,Ue;J te;j jdpnahUtUila rh;tjpfhuq;fSk; ,y;yhkw;NghFk;. kf;fs; tpLjiy Kd;dzp xd;W vd;gij cWjpahff; $wKbAk;.
ePf;fg;gLk;. ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; Ml;rpaikf;fj; njhpT ,dj;jpw;fhff; FunyOg;gpaJ fpilahJ.
nra;ag;gLfpd;w gpujpepjpfs; Clhf [dhjpgjp> ciof;Fk; th;f;fj;jpw;fhfNt FunyOg;gptUfpwJ. - fhiuA+u; uhN[e;jpud; -
[{d; 2018 5

,dthjg; gprhirj;
Njhw;fbg;gJ vg;NghJ?
f le;j [dhjpgjpj; Njh;jy;
fhyj;jpypUe;J njhlh;r;rpahfg;
gug;Giu nra;J te;j vy;yh
mile;j tuyhw;Wg; ghlq;fs; gy
cs;sd. tlf;Ff;fpof;Fj; jkpo;
kf;fSf;fhd gpur;rpidfisf;
Nkl;Lf;Fbf;fl;rpfspdJ fle;j fhyk; KOtJk; jkpo;j;
murpay;thjpfshy; cr;rhpf;fg;gl;l Njrpa murpay;thjpfs; Ngrp
Nfh~k; ,dthjkw;w ,dpa ehl;il tUfpd;wdh; ehl;ilg; gphpg;gjw;fhd
cUthf;f Ntz;Lnkd;gJ jhd;. Aj;jKk; eilngw;wpUe;jJ. 2009k;
Mdhy; ehl;bd; ngUk;ghd;ikapd;> Mz;Lld; KbTw;w Aj;jj;jpy;
Nkl;Lf;Fbf;fl;rpfspd; cs;shh;e;j gy caph;fSk; cilikfSk;
fUj;J rpq;fs ngsj;j mopf;fg;gl;ld. Nkl;Lf;Fb
Nkyhjpf;fj;ij epiy ehl;LtNjahFk;. Ml;rpahsh;fSld; rh;tNjrk;
Vida rpWghd;ikapdq;fspd; ,ize;J nfhz;ljhy; jkpo; kf;fSk;
chpikfis eRf;Ftjpd; Clhfj; cilikfSk; mopf;fg;gl;ld.
jkJ murpaiy Kd;ndLg;gijNa rpq;fs kf;fspd; nrhe;jg;
fle;j fhyk; Kjy; Kd;ndLj;J nghUshjhu gyj;jpdhNyh my;yJ
te;Js;sdh;. Njrpa If;fpak; gilgyj;jpdhNyh Aj;jk; Kbtpw;Ff;
vd;W ngaustpy; $wpr; nfhz;Ltug;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy. Mdhy;
rpWghd;ikapdq;fspd; Nkl;Lf;Fb rpq;fs ghku kf;fs; ,ij czh;e;J
th;f;fj;ijj; jkJ iff;Fs; Nghl;Lf; nfhs;stpy;iy.
nfhz;ldh;. ciof;Fk; th;f;fj;jpd; mth;fs; jkJ kf;fspd;
,ayhikiaj; jkf;Fr; rhjfkhf;fp tPuj;jpdhy; Aj;jk; Kbtpw;Ff;
ehl;il Mz;L te;Js;sdh;. nfhz;L tug;gl;ljhf ek;gpf;
jkpo;> K];ypk; ghku kf;fs; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdh;. Nkl;Lf;Fb
fle;j fhyq;fspy; rpq;fs ngsj;j Ml;rpahsh;fs; mth;fSf;Fg;
Nkyhjpf;fj;jpdhy; gy mopTfisr; Nghjpj;j fUj;J ,g;gbj;jhd;.
re;jpj;jpUe;j gy tuyhWfs; cs;sd. mjw;fhd fhuzk; jkJ murpay;
,yq;ifapd; gy ghfq;fspYk; epfo;r;rp epuiyj; jf;fitj;Jf;
jkpo;> K];ypk; kf;fs; tho;e;J nfhs;tjw;NfahFk;. K];ypk; kf;fSk;
tUfpd;wdh;. jpBnud VNjhnthU ,ij czh;e;J nfhs;sNtz;Lk;.
fhuzj;ij Kd;itj;J Vw;gLk; ,dj;Jt murpaypdhy; kl;Lk;
,dKWfy; nghpa ,df;fytuj;ijj; jhd; rpq;fs Nkl;Lf;Fb th;f;fk;
Njhw;Wtpj;J tpLfpwJ. Ml;rpapy; Ml;rpgPlNkWfpd;wJ. mth;fisj;
ngUk;ghd;ikapdj;jth; Juj;jpabf;f Neh;ikAs;s ,lJrhhp
ngUk;ghd;ikahf cs;sgbahy; rf;jpfSld; If;fpag;gl Ntz;Lk;.
cldb eltbf;if my;yJ jkpo; kf;fSf;Fk; ,ijNa Kd;dh;
fLikahd ,uhZt eltbf;if njhptpj;jpUe;Njhk;. kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk;
vLj;j tuyhWk; ,y;iy ehk; $Wtij cjhrPdg;gLj;jp
vdyhk;. rpq;fs ,d kf;fSf;F tUfpd;wdh;. rh;tNjr ehLfsplk;
,dntwpa+l;bNa jkJ Ml;rpiaj; ghjpf;fg;gl;l ehLfs; fle;j
jf;fitj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;wdh;. Mdhy; fhyj;jpYk; Kiwapl;L VjhtJ
rpq;fs ciof;Fk; th;f;fj;jpDila gpujpgyd; Vw;gl;bUe;jhy; ek;gyhk;.
Vw;gl;l ,dtd;KiwahFk;. murpay;thjpfs; rpq;fs Nkl;Lf;Fb jkpo;> K];ypk; kf;fs; rh;tNjrj;jplk;
md;whlg; gpur;rpidiaf;$lj; re;jphpf;fh mk;ikahhpd; Ml;rpf; murpay;thjpfspd; Fil epoypw;
jPh;f;fj; jpuhzpaw;w Ml;rpahsh; Kiwapl;lhYk; jkf;F Vw;w Ml;rp
fhyj;jpy; mnkhpf;f mikg;nghd;W nrd;W jkJ th;f;f eyd;fisf; vkJ ehl;by; ,Ue;jhy; Kiwg;ghl;bd;
jpz;lhbf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdh;. ntspNaw;wg;gl;lJ. ,g;NghJ mNj fr;rpjkhff; fhg;ghw;wpf;
mij %b kiwg;gjw;Fg; gjpyhf gpujpgyid vjph;ghh;f;f KbahJ.
mikg;G ,yq;ifapy; ,aq;fpf; nfhs;fpd;wdh;. ghku K];ypk; kf;fs; ,g;NghJ vkJ ehl;by; ,Ug;gJ
,dtd;Kiwiaf; fl;ltpo;j;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. mnkhpf;fhtpd; kl;LNk vjphpfshf;fg;gl;Ls;sdh;.
tpLfpd;wdh;. mth;fSf;fhd Ml;rpahFk;. jkpo;>
,yq;ifj; J}Jth; [dhjpgjpf;F mth;fsJ tPLfs;> cilikfs; K];ypk; kf;fSf;fhf kl;Lk;
mz;ikapy; vypa (ntspr;rk;) MNyhrfuhfTk; nraw;gLfpwhh; vd;Wk; jPf;fpiuahf;fg;gl;l rk;gtq;fs; mth;fshy; vijAk; nra;a
vd;w mikg;gpdhy; xOq;F jkuhFzehafk; $wpAs;shh;. my;yJ mth;fsJ cwTfs; KbahJ. ekJ ehl;by; rhpahdJk;
nra;ag;gl;l Neh;fhzy; xd;wpy; kuzpj;j rk;gtq;fs; vtuhYk; ePjpahdJkhd Ml;rpnahd;Nw
,Nj fUj;ijg; gy jlitfs; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl KbahJ.
jkuhFzehafk; mth;fs; Kd;itj;j ,g;gj;jpapy; njhptpj;jpUe;Njhk;. Ntz;Lk;.
fUj;J kpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mNjNghy; K];ypk; kf;fshy;
vkJ ehl;by; mikjpf;Fg;gq;fj;ij nfhiy nra;ag;gl;l rk;gtq;fisAk; mjhtJ mtrufhyr;rl;lk;> my;yJ
tha;e;jjhFk;. ,dthj td;Kiwfspd; Vw;gLj;Jtjpy; rh;tNjr rjp Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ. Culq;Fr; rl;lk; ,Ue;j Neuj;jpy;
gpd;dzpapy; rh;tNjr rjpj;jpl;lq;fs; eltbf;iffNs gpujhd gq;F ,dtd;Kiwia ,y;yhnjhopf;f xU ,dj;ijr; rhh;e;j kf;fs; nra;j
,Ug;gjhff; $wpAs;shh;. a+.vd;. tfpf;fpd;wd. ,ij tpsq;fpf; Ntz;Lkhapd; mjw;fhd Ml;rp mlhtbj;jdq;fSf;F gilapdhpd;
gp. Ml;rp ,Ue;j fle;j fhyq;fspy; nfhs;Sk; kNdhgf;Ftk; KiwNa ehl;bw;Fj; NjitahFk;. Jg;ghf;fp nksdpj;jpUe;jJ.
nghUshjhug; gpur;rpid tho;f;ifr; ghkukf;fSf;F Vw;gl tha;g;gpy;iy. Culq;Fr; rl;l Ntisapy; jkJ ,d kf;fSf;F NtW
nryT mjpfhpj;j gpur;rpidfis Vnddpy; ,th;fSf;Fk; ,d Mjpf;f rl;lj;ij mKy;gLj;jg; gilapdh; ,dj;jpdhy; Jd;gk; Vw;gLk;
%b kiwf;f ,dthj td;Kiwfs; czh;itNa Nkl;Lf;Fb th;f;f gl;rj;jpy; Jg;ghf;fpr; rd;dq;fs;
ehl;by; Vw;gl;ld vd;Wk; mj;jifa jtwpapUe;jhy; mjw;fhd nghWg;ig
Ml;rpahsh;fs; Cl;b tsh;j;Js;sdh;. muNr Vw;fNtz;Lk;. gilapdhplKk; tif njhifapd;wpg; gha;e;J tpLk;.
gpur;rpidfSf;F Kfk; nfhLf;f mjdhy; ,th;fSf;F khw;Wr; ,Jjhd; gilapd; fl;likg;G MFk;.
Kbahj Ml;rpapdh; ,dthjj;ijf; ngsj;j rpq;fs Nkyhd;ik
rpe;jid vJTk; Gyg;gl KbahJ. ,Ug;gjhapd; mj;jifa Ml;rpapdhy; mz;ikf;fhyq;fspy; Ntiy epWj;jg;
fl;ltpo;j;J tpLtJ toik vd;Wk; rpq;fs ngsj;j kf;fs; jkJ Nghuhl;lq;fs;> my;yJ gy;NtW
rpWghd;ikr; r%fq;fq;fSf;F ve;j
$wpapUe;jhh;. 1983 ,Yk; ,Nj ngUk;ghd;ikg;gyj;jpdhy; Vida Nfhhpf;iffis Kd;itj;J Ch;ty
tpNkhrdKk; ,Uf;f KbahJ. ehl;Lg;
tpjkhd ,dtd;KiwfNs ehl;by; r%fq;fSf;F tPuh;fshfpd;wdh;. ghl;lhsp th;f;fj;Jld; If;fpag;gLtJ q;fs; VjhtJ eilngw;why;
Vw;gl;bUe;jjhfTk; $wpAs;shh;. K];ypk; kf;fSldhd fho;g;Gzh;tpd; gw;wpr; rpe;jpf;f Ntz;Lk;. njhlh;e;Jk; fz;zPh;Gif> jbab ,itfis
jw;Nghija Ml;rpapdhpd; fle;j tsh;r;rp fle;j td;Kiwapy; Nkl;Lf;Fb th;f;f Ml;rpahsh;f;F elj;jpapUe;j gilapdh;
%d;W tUlq;fspy; ghhpa ntspg;gl;Ls;sJ. ngsj;j Jwtpfspw; Kl;Lf; nfhLj;Jf; nfhz;bUg;gJ ,df;fytuj;ij mlf;f Kbahkw;
nghUshjhu tPo;r;rp Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. rpyh; Nkl;Lf;Fb murpay;thjpfspd; vjph;fhyj;jpy; ghhpa gpd; Nghd ifahyhfhj; jdj;ij cila
,df;fytuq;fs; ehl;by; Vw;gl;lhy; ifg;nghk;ikahfr; nraw;gl;ljd; tpisTfisr; re;jpf;f NehpLk;. ,e;j ntl;fk; nfl;l gilapdh;
ed;ikailtJ mnkhpf;fhTk; Vida %yk; mth;fspd; Jwtwk;
ehLfSkhFk;. ,JNghy ntspehl;Lr; fle;j 70 tUl tuyhw;wpy; ehl;bw;Fj; Njitjhdh?
mk;gyg;gl;Ls;sJ.
rf;jpfs; ed;ikailtjw;fhd jkpo; rpq;fs ,dq;fspd; - Uj;`k;rh -
rjp eltbf;ifNa ehl;by; jkpo;> K];ypk; Nkl;Lf;Fb fytuq;fspy; jkpo;g; ghku kf;fs;
6 [{d; 2018

k`pe;jit mbgzpa itf;Fk;


mnkhpf;f rhh;G Nfhj;jhga
m urpay; vd;w ngahpy;
,e;ehl;L kf;fSf;F ,g;NghJ
fpilj;jpUg;gJ nthap];fl;> tPbNahfl;
kiwKfkhf ,t; mikg;Gfis
,af;fp tUtJ ahtUk; mwpe;j
cz;ikahFk;. kNdh fNzrd;
Nghd;witahFk;. mg;gbapy;yhtpl;lhy; Nghd;w mikr;rh;fs; ,t;thW
VjhtJ tje;jpfs; MFk;. ,it fUj;J ntspapLtJ rhjhuz
midj;Jk; ntWkNd tje;jpfNs kf;fis gw;wp rpe;jpf;fhky; jkJ
md;wp murpay; MNuhf;fpaj;Jf;fhf murpay; Nehf;fq;fis g+h;j;jp
ntspapLgit my;y. nra;J nfhs;tij kl;Lk; rpe;jpj;J
gj;jphpifahsh;fs;> njhiyNgrp> nraw;gLfpd;wgbahNyNa vd
thndhyp epWtdq;fSk; ,tw;iw epidf;fj; J}z;LfpwJ.
re;ijg;gLj;jp mth;fSila yhgj;ij
ngUf;fpf;nfhs;Sk; Nehf;fj;ijg; k`pe;jit mbgzpa itf;Fk;
g+h;j;jp nra;J nfhs;fpd;wdh;.
Kjyhspj;Jt Kiwapd; jd;ikNa mnkhpf;f rhh;ghd Nfhj;jhga
midj;ijAk; tpw;W ,yhgj;ij mnkhpf;f rhh;ghd Nfhj;jgha
ngw;Wf;nfhs;tNj MFk;. vdNt> jauhFtJ vjw;fhf vd ,g;NghJ
,d;iwa rKjhaj;jpy; me;Nehf;fj;ij ed;whf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. jkJ
kpfTk; ed;whf Clfq;fs; g+h;j;jp rfhf;fSld; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ
nra;J nfhz;Ls;sd. ,d;W vkJ nghpanjhU tPudhf ebf;Fk;
rKjhaKk; ,t;thwhdtw;iwf; NfhUk; ,e;j mnkhpf;f rhh;G Nfhj;jgha
epiyf;Fj; js;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. murpay; cz;ikapy; xU gae;jhd;
vd;W epidg;gJk;> Nfhhp epw;gJk; NfhopahFk;. Aj;jk; fle;j
,tw;iwNa MFk;. k`pe;j mzpapy; fhyfl;lj;jpy; ,yq;if
cs;s ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpduhd ,uhZtj;Jiwapy; fh;dyhf
ge;Jy Fzth;j;jd fle;j fhzg;gl;lNjhL Aj;jjj;Jf;F
cs;@uhl;rp rigj; Njh;jy; fhyj;jpy; mQ;rp mnkhpf;fhTf;Fj; jg;gpNahba
$wpaJ> 'Njq;fha; kl;ilia me;ehl;by; gpu[hThpikia
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nty;Yk;" vd;whFk;. ,t;thwhd uh[gf;\ [dhjpgjpahf gjtpNaw;wjd;
xU #oypNyNa kf;fs; tpLjiy gpd;G kPz;Lk; tutioj;J ge;Njhg];J
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jpUj;jj;ij rkh;g;gpj;jpUf;fpwJ. toq;fg;gl;lJ. mf;fhyf; fl;lj;jpy;
,ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ,d;W jkpoh;fisf; nfhd;WFtpj;J elj;jpa Neh;fhzy; kpfTk;
nrhj;Jf;fisAk;> cilikfisAk; gaq;fukhd ,dthj fUj;Jf;fis 2008k; Mz;L jpUl;Lj;jdkhf xU
ehl;by; murpay; fye;Jiuahly;fs;> xg;ge;jj;ij ifr;rhj;jpl;L vkJ
jh;f;fq;fs; Nghd;w murpay; jPf;fpiuahf;fp> #iwahb nfhOk;G njhptpj;jpUe;jhh;. 'ehd; ,g;NghJ
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mwpTrhh;e;J rpe;jpf;f$ba fhl;bnfhLf;f Kjd;ikahf
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MFk;. nrd;W gJq;fpapUe;jtuhFk;.
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Vw;gLj;Jk; msTf;F rpq;fs kf;fs; ,g;NghJ k`pe;jitAk; mbgzpa
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nfhiy nra;tjw;Fk;> 1980 [_iy rpWghd;ik kf;fs; mjpfsthf mrhj;rhyp Nghd;w rpWghd;ik
kf;fis gpujpepjpj;Jtk; nra;Ak; ,y;yhnjhopg;gjw;F gjpyhf mLj;j
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[{d; 2018 7

vhpnghUs; kw;Wk;
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8 [{d; 2018

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mYg;ghf ,Ue;jJ. tPl;Lf;Fg; cWj;Jg; ghh;j;jhd;. vj;jid nfQ;rpdhs;. mtDf;F mjpfkhapUe;jJ. njUtpd; N
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vd;djhd; nra;tJ tplaq;fspYk; tphpriyNa ftiyg;gl;lhd;. ,tspd; ,e;jf; i
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mf;fhNth my;yJ thzpNah ,Uf;fNtz;Lk; vd;W gpbthjk; Rth;fSf;Fk; fpilahJ vd;gJ mk;khTk; mf;fhTk; vj;jid nfhl;bdhq;fNsh njhpNaiy' m
nfhz;L te;J NjePh; jUthh;fs;. gpbj;jhs;. je;ij ,y;yhj mtDf;Fj; njhpAk;. J}uk; mOjhh;fs;. mtdJ nghpa rz;il njhlq;fg;NghFJ m
mijf;Fbj;J tpl;L Kw;wj;J epiyapy; mtidNa Mjhukha; 'Vd; rj;jk; NghLwha; epiyiag; ghh;f;f mth;fSf;F Nghy fplf;F."
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Ntz;baJjhd;. mf;fhtpd; ,q;Nf te;j gpwF ,e;j th jk;gp. jdpaha; xU tPL
MWtaJ fPjdpd; tpisahl;Lk; 'vd;;dhy ,g;gpb ,q;f mg;NghJjhd; rh;nud;w
fUk;Gj;Njhl;lj;jpy; tPL Nghl;L ghh;j;J nuz;L NgUk; ,Uq;Nfh. ,iur;rYld; mth;fs; fhzp
fijAk; rphpg;Gk; jhd; xNu ,Ue;j gpwF jhd; mtsJ ,Uf;f VyhJ."
ehq;fs; vg;gbNah rkhspr;Rf; thrypy; xU Nkhl;lhh; irf;fps;
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Jauk; Ghpahj taJ. tpkhdf; te;J epd;wJ.
xt;nthd;Wf;Fk; Fw;wk; Nff;fpNwd;." njhpQ;rh khpahij ,y;y k
Fz;L tPr;rpy; rpjwpa mg;ghtpd; jk;gp. cd;u tho;T tPzha;g; mjpypUe;J ,wq;fp te;jtd;
rhtpd; nfh^uk; tpsq;fhj nrhy;yp mk;khTld; rz;il 'vdf;F %r;rilf;fpw khjphp
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,q;f vy;yhw;w tho;f;ifAk; vj;jidNah jlitfs; nfQ;rp
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mk;khtpd; fz;zPUf;Fk; ,g;gpbj;jhd; ,Uf;F." Nghdhd;.
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ge;J jukhl;lhthk;> mk;kh glNtz;bajhapw;W. 'vd;d fhe;jd; ,e;j
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nehe;J Nghd kdq;fspd; vd;W nrhy;yp tpl;lhd;.
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ftiyfis kwf;f KbfpwJ. nfhs;s Kbatpy;iy. kWehs; ee;jpdp mOj vd;whfp tpl;lJ. g
mtid tpl;lhy; NtW vd;d mOifapy; mk;khTk; mf;fhTk; 'fpgPh; te;J rpj;jg;gh x
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nghOJ rhpa ,e;jpar; nra;jp> nrhy;ypr;nrhy;yp MWkhjkha; mj;jid Nghl;bl;LJ. ee;jpdp
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[{d; 2018 9

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cs;Ns Nghdhd;. ,utpd; ngw;W> fhl;rpg; gbkq;fs;. ,uz;lhtJ
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tpj;jpahrk;. epfo;r;rp xd;iw mitNahhpd; te;jhy;> mJ rpdpkhthf ,y;yhky; fl;lj;jpw;Fj; js;sg;gLfpd;wdNth> mq;Nf
KdfYk; rpZq;fYk; rpdpkh rPuope;J jho;e;J NghfpwJ. xyp>
Kd; epfo;j;jpf; fhz;gpg;gJ ehlfk;. glkhf;fg;gl;l gy;Rit epfo;r;rp MfpwJ.
%iyf;fl;bypy; Njhs; rpdpkhtpd; jd;ikNa NtW. jkpo;ehl;by; rpdpkh> tha;g;Ngr;rhy;> thh;j;ijfshy; fhl;rpg;gbkj;jpw;Fj; JizNghtjw;F xU
if fhy;fspy; nts;is rpdpkh tsuhjjw;F xU Kf;fpa nrhy;yg;gLtjy;y> mg;gb ,Ue;jhy; vLj;Jf;fhl;L. ghujpuh[htpd; fy;Yf;Fs;
epwf; fl;Lf;fSld; ee;jpdp fhuzk;. mJ ehlfj;jpw;F mbikg;gl;L mjw;F xU jpiu NjitapUf;fhJ. xyp <uk; (1980) glj;jpy; tz;zhd; xUtd;
gLj;jpUe;jhs;. gf;fj;jpy; epd;W ,Ug;gJjhd;. ,jw;F tuyhw;W hPjpahd ehlhtpNyh> thndhypapNyh Nfl;Lj; Fbj;Jtpl;L MLk;NghJ gpd;dzpapy;
mts; mk;kh mtidf;fz;lJk; fhuzq;fSk; cz;L. NgRk;glj;jpd; jpUg;jpaila KbAk;. tz;zhd; te;jhNd> tz;zhur; rpd;dhd;
' te;jhNd" vd;w fpuhkpag; ghlypd; ,ir.
FJ moj;njhlq;fpdhs;. Muk;gf; fl;lj;ijg; ghh;g;Nghk;.
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neQ;rpy; rpy;ypl;l glkhf;fg;gl;l gy;Rit epfo;r;rpAky;y@ rpdpkh nkhopapd; %d;whtJ
czh;Tld; ee;jpdpapd; Guhz ehlfq;fNs glkhf;fg;gl;ld. Kf;fpa mk;rk; glj;njhFg;G (editing).
tha;g;Ngr;rhy; nrhy;y KbahjJ.
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Nfhzj;jpypUe;J mJ glkhf;fg;gl;lJ. rpy mbg;gilg; gz;Gfs; cs;sd. xU mikf;fg;gLtJ. ,ij rpdpkh
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kPz;Lk; gk;gha;f;Fk; nrd;W jq;fs; ehlfq;fisg; fiy kyh;fpwJ. Xtpaj;ijg; ghUq;fs;.
td; tpjj;jpNyNa me;j epfo;r;rpj; njhlhpd;
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fhyk;tiu> ,af;Feh;fs;> ebfh;fs;> tz;zq;fshYk; MdJ. 'kyh;" vd;w tUj;jk; Njha;e;j xU kdpjdpd;
Nyrhd jiytyp $l jhq;f trdfh;j;jhf;fs;> ghlyhrphpah;fs; thh;j;ijia xU gyifapy; vOjp> Kfk;> xU jl;by; Nfhop tWty;>
khl;lhNs ahtUk; ehlfj;JiwapypUe;J ,J xU Xtpak; vd;W cq;fis ehd; Gd;rphpg;Gld; me;j kdpjdpd; Kfk;
Fg; mtDf;F neQ;ir te;jth;fs;. ehlfj;jpd; ,e;j cLk;Gg; Vkhw;w KbahJ. Xtpaj;jpd; jdpj;Jtg; vd;w %d;W fhl;rpg; gbkq;fs;. ,e;j
milj;Jf; nfhz;L te;jJ. gpbapypUf;Fk;tiu MNuhf;fpakhd rpdpkh gz;Gfs; mq;fpy;iy. mNjNghy %d;W fhl;rpg; gbkq;fSk;> Nkw;$wpa
kyu topapy;yhky; Nghapw;W. ,ir> njhdpahYk; yaj;jhYk; MdJ. thpirapy; ,izf;fg;gl;lhy; ehk;
nky;ypa KdfNyhL eldk; cly; mirit mbg;gilahff; fhz;gJ: grpAldpUf;Fk; xU kdpjd;
fz;tpopj;j ee;jpdp mtid ekJ ,d;iwa glq;fspYk;$l nfhz;lJ. rpdpkhtpd; rpwg;G mk;rk;>
ehlfj;jdk; kpFe;jpUg;gijf; fhzyhk;. Nfhop fpilg;gjpy; kfpo;r;rpailfpwhd;.
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nghq;f vo Kaw;rpj;jhs;. fjhghj;jpuq;fs;> rJukhd jpiuapd; rpdpkh nkhop vdyhk;.
tpspk;gpypUe;J tUthh;fs;. Nkilf;Fs; kfpo;r;rpahd Kfk;> jl;by; Nfhop>
'gag;glhj ee;jpdp> cdf;F tUj;jkhd Kfk;. ,g;NghJ ehk; fhz;gJ
Eiotijg;Nghy trdj;ijg; Ngrptpl;Lg; rpdpkh nkhop vd;why; vd;d? ,jpy; czit vjph;ghh;j;jpUe;j xUtDf;Ff;
tuk; Rfk; te;jpLk;> ehd; cdf;F gf;fthl;by; nrd;W kiwthh;fs;. %d;W mk;rq;fs; cs;sd. KjyhtJ
gf;fj;jpNyNa ,Uf;fpwd;. eP Nfhop te;jjpy; Vkhw;wk;> irtNkh
Fuiy Vw;wp ,wf;fpg; Ngrhky; fj;jpg; mJ fhl;rpg; gbkq;fshy; MdJ. vd;dNth! fhl;rpg; gbkq;fis njhLf;Fk;
xz;Lf;Fk; gag;glhj" NgRthh;fs;@ ehlf muq;fpd; filrp ghYkNfe;jpuhtpd; mopahj Nfhyq;fs; thpiriag; nghWj;J mh;j;jk; khWfpwJ.
mts; ifia ghpNthL tFg;gpy; cl;fhh;e;jpUg;gtDf;Fk; (1979) fspy; xU fhl;rpj; njhlh;@
MjuTld; mOj;jpdhd;. Nfl;f Ntz;LNk! ghj;jpuq;fis Vw;W tha;f;fhy; xd;wpy; rpWth;fs; ePe;jp - R. jpaNlhh; gh];fud; -
10 [{d; 2018

Nehf;F 1981 Nk 31 ,uT jLkhWk;


ehd;> mz;zd;> jk;gp> jq;if>
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- Gul;rpf;fkhy; - kbapy; jzKk;


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murpay; tpkh;rdq;fis mDg;gpitAq;fs;.
'Njrk;"> 22/13 1/1 rkd; cad> jk;gN`d tPjp> kfufk. - eh. n[aghyd; -
E-mail: deshamnews@gmail.com
[{d; 2018 11

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12 [{d; 2018

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jpahfk;. vOjpte;j gpunlhpf; VQ;ry;fspy; fl;Liufspd; ehk; kPz;Lk; re;jpg;Nghk;. vy;yhk; tPo;e;Jtpl;ld
%yk; khh;f;]; Vq;fy;i] mwpe;jpUe;jhh;. vd;whYk; ijhpak; kl;Lk; ek;kplk; cWjpahf
ghPl;irapy; Njwptpl;lhd; khh;f;]; ,dpNky; ,Uf;fpwJ."
gbg;Gf;F VNjDk; xU gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; Nfhu mijg; NghyNt Vq;fy;];]_k; fl;Liufs; %yk;
Ntz;Lk;. khh;f;i] mwpe;jpUe;jhh;. vd;w ek;gpf;ifNahL vOjpdhh;. iud;yhe;J
nfnrl; Mrphpa gpzpapy; MW khjq;fs; kl;LNk
1835-k; tUlk; mf;Nlhgh; ghd; efuk; nrd;W 'iud;yhe;J nfnrl;" gj;jphpif mYtyfj;jpy; gzpahw;wpdhh;. me;j FWfpa fhyj;jpy; n[h;kdpapy;
mq;Fs;s gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; khh;f;]; jd; ngaiu fhh;];khh;f;i] Vq;fy;]; ghh;j;jhh;. nghpa mstpy; fUj;Jg; Gul;rpia cUthf;fpdhh;.
gjpT nra;J nfhz;lhd;.
,tUila re;jpg;Gk; tuyhw;wpy; xU ngUk;
1836-k; tUlk; khh;f;]; Nky;gbg;gpw;F Gul;rpia cUthf;Fk; vd;gij ,UtUk; khh;f;]pd; jpUkzk;
ngh;ypd; rh;tfyhrhiyf;F Ngha; Nrh;e;jhh;. ,e;j mwpatpy;iy.
fyhrhhiyapy; gbf;Fk; nghOJ ,th; ghlq;fshf 1843-k; tUlk; [_d; khjk; 13-ehs; lhf;lh; fhh;y;
vLj;Jf; nfhz;l tplak; rl;lk;> rhpj;jpuk;> jj;Jt Mdhy;> me;j ,Uthpd; re;jpg;G xj;j khh;f;]; ngh;j;jh [_ypah n[d;dpia f;uhap~;dhf;
rh];jpuk; g+Nfhsk;> ,yf;fpak; - ,uT gfy; fUj;Jf;fSk; Njhoikia cUthf;fpdJ mJ xU vd;W Chpy; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;lhh;.
Xahky; gbg;ghh; gbj;jtw;wpy; Kf;fpakhdtw;iw GJ Afj;jpw;F te;jpl;lJ. mg;ngHOJ khh;f;];f;F taJ 25 kzkfs;
Fwpg;ngLj;Jf;nfhs;thh;. n[d;dpf;F taJ 29.
fhh;y;khh;f;]; Mrphpauhf gzpahw;wpa iud;yhe;J
,ilapilNa ftpij Gdiythh; jj;Jt nfrl; gj;jphpifapd; mghu tsh;r;rp fz;L n[h;kdpa mNj Mz;by; mf;Nlhghpy; jk;gjpfs; gpuhd;];
rh];jpuj;jpy; Mh;tk; fhl;bdhh;. muR fz;fhzpg;G mjpfhhp xUtiu epakpj;jJ. ehl;bd; ghhp; efhpy; FbNawpdhh;fs; khh;f;f]pd;d;
ez;gh; Mh;dhy;l; &\' nra;jpUe;j Vw;ghl;bd;gb
mtuJ Nkw;ghh;itapy; jhd; gj;jpupif ntspahf
gbg;G Kbe;J gl;lk; ngw;w khh;f;]; vd;d 'n[h;kd; kyh; gj;jphpif ntspaPl;L gzpapy;
Ntz;Lk; vd;w fl;lis gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;l u~;ahtpy; khh;f;]; <Lglyhdhh; 1944 - ngg;uthpapy;" n[h;kd;
njhopy; nra;tJ vd;W rpe;jpj;jhh;. ve;j njhopy;
nra;jhYk; Rje;jpukhdjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W eilngw;Wf;nfhz;bUe;j jd;dpr;irajpfhu - gpNuQ;R kyh;" gj;jphpifapd; Kjy; ,jo;
epidj;jhh;. Ml;rp Kiwia fz;bj;J 'iud;yhe;J nfnrl;" ntspte;jJ.
gj;jphpifapy; fl;Liu ntspte;jJ. mg;nghOJ
mg;gbg;gl;l njhopy; gj;jphpifahsh; gzp vd;W u~;ahTk; n[h;kdpAk; el;G ehLfshf ,Ue;j khh;f;]; vOjpa fl;Liufs; n[h;kdpa muir
jPh;khdpj;jhh; khh;f;];. xd;Wgl;l xNu Ml;rpKiw fhuzj;jpy; 'iud;yhe;J nfnrl;" Vl;bd; kPJ jpLf;fplr; nra;jJ. n[h;kdpf;Fs; ,e;j Kjy; ,jo;
[{d; 2018 13

kdpj Fyj;jpd; fhh;y;khh;f;]_k; gpunlhpf; Vq;nfy;]_k; 38


Mz;Lfhyk; xd;whf ,Ue;jdh; - xd;whfNt
rpe;jpj;jdh;.
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Jd;gg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;j fhyj;jpy; mtuJ

tpbnts;sp
tho;tpYk;> mtuJ jho;tpYk; gpunlhpf; Vq;fy;];
Jiztdhf Njhodhf epd;whh;.
1867- Mf];l; 16 md;W %yjdk; Kjy; ghfk;
mr;Rg;gpujp jahuhapw;W md;W khh;f;]; tpbay;
,uz;L kzpf;F jd; ,d;Daph; Njhod; gpunlhpf;
Vq;f];]_f;F khh;f;]; vOjpdhh;.

khNkij khh;f;];
'filrpapy; ,e;j Kjy; ghfk; Kbe;jJ
,jw;F eP xUtNd fhuzk; vdf;fhf eP jpahfk;
nra;jpuhtpl;lhy; ,e;j E}ypd; %d;W ghfq;fisAk;
ehd; jahhpf;fNt KbahJ ed;wpNahL cd;id
fl;bj; jOtpf; nfhs;fpNwd;. vd; m..cz;ikahd
ez;gNu cd;id tho;j;JfpNwd;.
khh;f;]pd; %yjhdk; kdpjFy tho;tpy; %yjdk;
rpfuk; ,e;j rpfuj;ij miltjw;F gjpide;J
Mz;L fhyk; fhh;y; khh;f;]; fLikahf cioj;jhh;.
'%yjdk;" E}ypd; ,uz;lhk; %d;whk; ghfk;
vOjp Kbj;J ifnaOj;J gpujpahf itj;jpUe;jhh;
Vq;fy;]_f;F ,J njhpAk;.
fk;a+dp]j;ij xU jj;Jtkhf> tho;f;if
newpahf fhh;y; khh;f;]; cUtf;fg;gLj;jp fhl;bdhh;.
1873 - XahJ cioj;j khh;f;]pd; kdeyk;
ghjpf;fg;gLfpwJ. jiytyp> J}f;fkpd;dk;> m[Ph;dk;
midj;J NfhshWfSk; xd;W Nrh;e;J mtuJ
ciog;G rf;jpia Fiwj;jJ
'ehnshd;W ehd;F kzpNeuj;jpw;F Nky; Ntiy
nra;af;$lhJ" ,J kUj;Jth;fspd; fz;bg;G.
,e;j epiyapYk; khh;f;]; ,iltplhky;
gbj;Jte;jhh; gbj;jtw;iwg; gw;wp Fwpg;Gfs;
vOJthh;.
'%yjdk;" E}ypd; ,uz;lhtJ ghfj;ij
ufrpakhf EioAk; gbahapw;W gj;jphpifNahL juhky; Foe;ijfSld; ehL flj;jg;gl;lhh;fs;. tpiutpy; ntspapLk; MtYld; ifnaOj;J
njhlh;Gilath;fis ifJ nra;Ak; gb n[h;kd; nghyp];fhuh;fNs mth;fis ngy;[pak; vy;iyapy; gpujpia KiwgLj;j Kad;whh;.
cj;jutpl;lJ. nfhz;L Ngha;tpl;lhh;fs;.
%yjdj;jpd; ,uz;lhtJ ghfj;ij Kbg;gjw;fhf
n[h;kd; - gpuQ;r; kyh; - Kjy; ,jNo filrp 1848 - khh;r; 4-k; jpfjp FLk;gj;NjhL ghhp]; u~;a nkhopia fw;Wf;nfhs;s tpUk;gpdhh; MNw
,johfTk; mike;jJ. te;J Nrh;e;jhh; khh;f;]; khjq;fspd; fw;W u~;ankhopapy; Gyik ngw;whh;.
tWik thl;Lk; #o;epiyapy; khh;f;]; - n[d;dp kf;fis Gul;rpf;F kf;fis gf;Ftg;gLj;j fhjypj;J fhh;y; khh;f;i] ifgpbj;j n[d;dp>
jk;gjpfSf;F 1949-y; ngz; Foe;ij gpwe;jJ. Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ khh;f;]pd; fUj;J n[h;kdpjhd; trjpkpf;f gpuGj;Jt FLk;gj;ijr; Nrh;e;jth;.
,e;j fhyj;jpy; jhd; khh;f;]; nghJ tho;tpy; <Lgl Gul;rp jP guthky; jLf;Fk; Kaw;rpapy; <LghL fhh;y; khh;f;]; kPJ nfhz;l md;gpdhy; mtUk;
njhlq;fpdhh;. nfhz;bUe;jJ. vdNt> kw;w ehLfspy; Kbahl;rp tWikAld; thbdhh;. mjNdhL jpdrhp Nghuhl;lk;
xopj;J kf;fshl;rp kyu Ntz;Lkhdhy; Kjypy; tWikapd; fhuzkhf gphpakhd kfd; vl;fhiu
gpuQ;R njhopyhsh;fSf;Fk;> n[h;kd; kuzj;jpw;F gyp nfhLj;Jtpl;L> kTdkhf mth;
n[h;kdpapy; jhd; Gul;rp gzpfis Nkw;nfhs;s
njhopyhsh;fSf;Fk; mbf;fb Nkhjy;. mDgtpj;j Jauj;ij thh;j;ijfshf vOjNt
Ntz;Lk; vd;W khh;f;]pd; ePz;l fhy jpl;lk;.
njhopyhsh;fs; xd;Wgl;L NghuhlNtz;Lk; vd;w KbahJ.
Nehf;fj;NjhL khh;f;f]; nray;gl njhlq;fpdhu;. mjd;gb mtNu ghhp]pypUe;J Gwg;gl;L n[h;kdpapd;
,e;j fhyfl;lj;jpy; ghhpRf;F Vfpfy;]; te;jth; NfhNyhd; efUf;F Vg;uy; 10 Njjp Ngha;r; Nrh;e;jhh;. khh;f;]pd; tho;tpYk; jho;tpYk; NjhNshL
khh;f;]; cld; gj;J ehl;fs; jq;fpdhh;. ,e;j 'Gjpa iud; nfnrl;" gj;jphpifia njhlq;fpdhh;. Njhs; epd;w n[d;dp vd;w khjphp 1881 brk;gh;
re;jpg;G xUtiu xUth; czh;e;J nfhz;ldh;. ,e;j gj;jphpifapy; epfo;fhyj;jpy; ek;ikr; Rw;wp 2-k; ehsd;W ,we;J Nghdhh; n[d;dpapd; kiwT
vd;d eilngWfpd;wJ vd;gij kf;fs; Ghpe;J khh;f;]_f;F ngUk; Jaukhf mike;jJ mtUk;
,UtUila Nehf;fKk; ,yl;rpaKk; xNu eil gpzkhdhh;.
jpirapy; ,Ue;jJ. nfhs;sNtz;Lk; vd;w xNu Nehf;fj;NjhL khh;f;];
fl;Liufs; vOjpdhh; murhq;fj;jpd; rh;tjpfhu Vq;fy;]; ,ijg; gw;wp Fwpg;gpLk; nghOJ
fhh;y;-khh;f;]; -gpnulhpf; Vq;fy;]; re;jpg;Gk; el;Gk; Nghf;Ffis khh;f;]pd; vOj;Jf;fs; td;ikahf 'n[d;dpNahL khh;f;]_k; ,we;JNghdhh; vd;w
vOjg;glhj xg;ge;jkhf ,UtiuAk; xNu ghijapy; rhbd; mitfs; jPg;nghwpfshf mdy;ff;fpd;! Fwpg;gpl;lhh;.
xNu glfpy; gazk; gz;z itj;Jtpl;lJ. murhq;fk; nfhba mlf;FKiwia khh;f;]; kPJ
VhpaJ. n[d;dpapd; ,Wjpr; rlq;fpy; $l khh;f;];
khh;f;]; - n[d;dp tof;F> tprhuizfs;> mr;rj;jhh;f;F kpul;ly;fs;
fye;J nfhs;s Kbatpy;iy %r;R jpzwy; Vw;gl;l
gLf;ifapy; capUf;F Nghuhbf; nfhz;bUe;jhh;.
1843-k; Mz;L khh;f;]; - n[d;dpia kzk; ,Wjpahf 1849 - Nk khjk; 16-k; jpfjp n[d;dpapd; kiwTf;F gpd;dh; eil gpzkhf
nra;Jf; nfhz;lhh;. n[h;kdpapypUe;J ntspNaW ehL flj;jy; cj;juT. gjpide;J khjq;fs; tho;e;jhh;.
fk;a+dp];l; fl;rpapd; mwpf;ifia fhh;y; khh;f;];
,uz;L ghfq;fshf gphpj;jpUe;jdh;.
Nk 18-k; jpfjp fhh;y; khh;f;]pd;" Gjpa iud; rpe;jpg;gij epWj;jpdhh;
the;J" gj;jphpifapd; filrp ,jo; rpfg;G
Kjypy; mjid xU Jz;L gpuRukhf tz;zj;jpy;> neUg;G jiyaq;fk;. 1883-khh;r; 14 gpw;gfy; khh;f;]; fz;fis %bdhh;>
ntspapl;ldh;. fk;a+dp];l; fl;rpapd; mwpf;ifia %r;R epd;wJ.
'thrfh;fNs! tpilngw;Wf; nfhs;fpNwhk;! Mdhy;
'cyfj; njhopyhsh;fNs> xd;W NrUq;fs;" vd;w filrp Kiwahf my;y> Vd; vd;why; vq;fSila 1883 khh;r; 17 Njjpad;W yz;ld; khefhpd;
Kof;fj;NjhL Kbj;jpUe;jdh;.
Mj;khit vtuhYk; mopf;f KbahJ kPz;Lk; ehk; i`Nfl; (High Gate) ,Lfhl;by; jhq;f Kbahj
gpuRuj;jpd; Kbtpy; ,e;j Fwpg;G ,lk; ngw;wpuhj jiy epkph;e;J epw;Nghk; xU Gjpa Nghh;Fjpiuapd; Jauj;Jld; gpnunlhpf; Vq;fy;]; mOJf;nfhz;Nl
1847-Kjy; 1848 [dthp tiu fhh;y; khh;f;]; kPJ Vwp tUNthk;. Ngrpdhh;.
gpnglhpf; Vq;fy;]; ,UtuhYk; vOjg;gl;lJ. 1883-k; Mz;L khh;r; khjk; 14-k; jpfjp gpw;gfy;
1848 ngg;uthp khjj;jpy; yz;ld; khefhpy; xU n[h;kdpapypUe;J ehL flj;jg;gl;l khh;f;];
ghhp]; efUf;F te;jhh; te;J Nrh;e;j xNu khjj;jpy; ,uz;Nl Kf;fhy kzpf;F cyfj;jpd; kpfg;nghpa
Jz;Lg;gpuRukhf ntspaplg;gl;lJ. rpe;jidahsh; fhh;y;khh;f;]; rpe;jpg;gij epWj;jp
khh;f;]; FLk;gk; gpuhd;]; ehl;bypUe;J ehL
fk;a+dp]; fl;rpapd; mwpf;if Jz;L gpuRukhf flj;jg;gl;lJ. tpl;lhh; filrpNeuj;jpy; Rkhh; ,uz;L epkpl Neuk;
jhd; ,tiuj; jdpahf tpl;L itj;jpUe;Njhk;.
ntspahd gpd;dh; mjhtJ 1848 ngg;uthp jpUk;gr; nrd;W ghh;f;fpwNghJ ,th; jdJ
khjj;jpNyNa gpuhd;]pd; ghhp]; efhpy; xU ngUk; 1849- Mf];l; 24-k; jpfjp ,q;fpyhe;J
jiyefuhd yz;lDf;F te;J Nrh;e;jhh;. rpy ehw;fhypapy; mikjpahf J}q;fpf; nfhz;bUe;jhh;
Gul;rp ntbj;jJ. ,JNt ,tuJ filrp J}f;fk;."
ehl;fspy; mtuJ FLk;gKk; te;J Nrh;e;jJ 1970-k;
1848- khh;]_k; n[d;dpAk; nrhe;j cgNahf Mz;L Vq;fy;]_k; yz;lDf;F te;jhh; mq;Nf fhh;y; - me;jdp [Pth -
nghUl;fis vLj;Jf;nfhs;s mtfhrk; khh;f;]; tPl;Lf;F mUfpNyNa thoj; njhlq;fpdhh;.
14 [{d; 2018

kiyapd f
;
kiyaf tuyhw;wpy;
kf;fhs
tuy W
-12
Kf;fpar; rhd;Wfs;
k iyaf kf;fspd; tuyhW
1823 - Mk; tUlk; fth;dh;
vl;th;l; ghh;d;]; Nguhnjdpahtpw;Fg;
vdNt> ,jdhy; Njhl;lq;fspy;
nghpa fq;fhzpKiw cUthfpaJ.
Jiukhh;fsplk; ml;thd;]hf Kd;
gf;fj;jpy; fdndUt Njhl;lj;jpy; gzk; thq;fp jkpo;ehl;bypUe;J
gaphpl;l Nfhg;gpNjhl;lj;jpypUe;J Ml;fis FLk;gthhpahff;
Muk;gkhfpd;wJ. nfhz;Lte;J Njhl;lq;fspy;
Fbakh;j;jpdhh;fs;. ,th;fSf;F nra;a
,d;W Njapiy vg;gb gy Ntz;ba rfy trjpfisAk; nghpa
ehLfspy; gaph; nra;ag;gLfpd;wNjh> fq;fhzp nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
mNjNghd;W mf;fhy fl;lj;jpy;
fUk;G> Nfhg;gp Mfpad gaph; xt;nthU FLk;gj;jpw;Fk;
nra;ag;gl;lJ. mg;nghUl;fSf;F jq;Ftjw;F ,lk; xJf;fNtz;Lk;.
cyfr; re;ijapy; ngUk; mjid yak; vd;W Fwpg;gpLthh;fs;.
fpuhf;fp Vw;gl;bUe;jJ. vdNt> mth; nryTf;Ff; fld; nfhLf;f
,yq;ifapYk; mg;gaph;r; nra;iff;fhf Ntz;Lk; Rfkpy;yhjth;fSf;F
fd;ndUthtpy; Nfhg;gpj; Njhl;lk; Njitahd kUe;J> g+rhhpia
mikf;fg;gl;lJ. ,J murhq;fj;jpw;F mioj;J ke;jphpg;gJ> rh];jpuk;
nrhe;jkhd Njhl;lk;. ghh;g;gJ Nghd;wtw;iw nra;J
$ypfis jpUg;jpgLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
,yq;ifapy; me;jf; fhyj;jpy; nghq;fy;> jPghtsp gz;biffisf;
epyj;ij tpw;gid nra;tjw;F nfhz;lhb> jpz;izg; gs;spf;$lk;
jilapUe;jJ. mnyf;rhz;lh; N[hd;rd; elj;j thj;jpahh;fis Vw;ghL nra;tJ
,e;j rl;lj;ij ePf;fp ,q;F FbNawpa Nghd;w njhopyhsh;fspd; Njitfis
nts;isah;fSf;F ve;j tpj ftdpf;fg; nghpa fq;fhzpfs;
xg;ge;jKk; ,d;wp 4000 Vf;fh; epyj;ij nghWg;ghsuhf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;.
nfhLf;f KbT nra;jhh;. ,e;j epy
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murpd; NkyjpfhhpfNsahth;.
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,th;fSf;Fj;jf;f rk;gsk; nfhLf;f fq;fhzpfs; %ykhfTk; Ms; fhl;bfs; %ykhfTk; ,y;iy. njhopyhsp nghpa
murplk; tUkhdk; ,Ue;jjpy;iy. fq;fhzpapd; mbik MFk;. nghpa
Kjypy; Nfhg;gp fhyj;jpYk;> gpd;dh; Njapiyf; fhyj;jpYk; fq;fhzp Njhl;lq;fspy; xU Gjpa
,th; tUkhdj;ijg; ngUf;ff; nfhz;L. tug;gl;ldh;> Njapiyg; gaph;r; nra;iff;F nfhz;L
Nfhg;gpj; Njhl;lk; mikf;fj; J}z;l r%fj;ij mikf;f Ntz;ba epiy
Ntz;bajhapw;W. tug;gl;lth;fs; epue;jukhf jq;fitf;fg;gl;ldh; vd;gijr; Vw;gl;lJ. xU nghpa fq;fhzpf;Ff;
rhpj;jpu rhd;Wfs; $Wfpd;wd. Njapiy cw;gj;jp nra;aj; fPo; mtuJ ek;gpf;iff;Fhpa
,yq;ifapy; kf;fs; epyj;ij ifahl;fshf rpy;yiw fq;fhzpfs;
mgfhpj;J ,e;jpah;fisf; $ypfsha; njhopyhsh;fis epue;jukhff; FbNaw;w Ntz;ba Njit ,Ue;jhh;fs;. ,th;fs; jhq;fs;
nfhz;L te;J Ruz;baJ jhd; Vw;gl;lJ. yl;rf;fzf;fhd $ypj;njhopyhsh;fshf nghWg;ghf ,Uf;Fk; Ml;fspd; rfy
kiyaf kf;fs; tuyhw;wpd; Muk;g fk;gdpf;fhuh;fs; murpd; xj;Jiog;NghL ,wf;Fkjp trjpfisAk; ftdpj;Jg; nghpa
fl;lkhFk;. fq;fhzpf;Fj; njhptpg;gNjhL Ml;fis
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$l;lk; jq;fs; tpah;itahYk; eph;f;fjpf;F cs;shdhh;fs;. 1884- 1890 Mk; tUlk; bk;Gs;s> nra;a 'Ngd;]; fhR" vd;W nghpa
fz;zPuhYk; tsh;e;j Nfhg;gpr;nrb 32 k; Mz;L Nfhg;gpf; fhyk; Kbe;jJ. bf;Nfhah> k];nfypah> fsdpntyp> fq;fhzpfSf;Fk;> rpy;yiw
tUlq;fs; tho;e;J tUthiaj; Njb 1879 tUlk; N`thn`l;l gFjpiar; njhs];ghif> g+ryh> khj;jis fq;fhzpfSf;F rpy;yiw Ngd;];
je;jJ. Nfhg;gpahy; kf;fSf;Fg; gy Nrh;e;j Y}y;fe;Ju vd;w Njhl;lj;jpy; khtl;lq;fspy; Njapiy cw;gj;jp vd;W Njhl;l eph;thfk; nfhLj;jJ.
ed;ikfs; tpise;jd. jhd; Kjd; Kjyhf Njapiy nra;ag;gl;lJ. 150 njhopyhsh;fs; Kjy; 1>500
gapw;nra;ag;gl;lJ. fk;gisiar; njhopyhsh;fs; tiu nfhz;l nghpa
gwpj;Jg; gjkhf;fg;gl;l Nfhg;gpf; 1825 - 1904 Kjy;
Nrh;e;j khpahtj;ij Njhl;lj;jpy; fq;fhzpfs; ,Ue;jdh;. ,th;fs; rf;jp
nfhl;iliaf; nfhOk;Gf;Ff; nfhz;L njd;dpe;jpahitr; Nrh;e;j
1888 - tUlk; E}W whj;jy; Njapiy tha;e;jth;fs; Mth;. ,e;jpahtpy;
nrd;W Nrh;g;gjw;F ey;y ghijfs; njhopyhsh;fs;> fq;fhzpfs;
gaph; nra;ag;gl;lJ. 1879k; tUlj;jpy; [kPe;jhh;fs; tho;f;ifia ,th;fs;
mikj;jhh;fs;. GJg; GJ ,lq;fs; %ykhfTk; Ms; fhl;bfs; %ykhfTk;
,Nj Njhl;lj;jpy; Njapiy miuf;Fk; ,q;F tho;e;jdh;.
efukakhfpd> fk;gdpfs;> mYtyq;fs; Kjypy; Nfhg;gp fhyj;jpYk;> gpd;dh;
Nuhyh; ,ae;jpuk; g+l;lg;gl;lJ.
Njhd;wpad. Njhl;lq;fSf;Fg; gzk; Njapiyf; fhyj;jpYk; nfhz;L. ,th; ,q;F efuq;fspy; tl;bf;fil
nfhLg;gjw;F tq;fpfs; te;jd. rpy Mz;LfSf;F gpd;dh; tug;gl;ldh;> Njapiyg; gaph;r; itj;jpUe;jdh;> jq;fs; nrhe;j Chpy;
kf;fSf;F gy tpj trjpfSk; Njapiy ];Nlhh; fl;lg;gl;lJ. nra;iff;F nfhz;L tug;gl;lth;fs; epyq;fis thq;fpdh;. uh[Nghf
gy ed;ikfs; Vw;gl;ld. Mdhy; ,jidg; ghh;j;J Njapiyj; Njhl;lg; epue;jukhf jq;fitf;fg;gl;ldh; tho;f;if elj;jpdh; njhopyhsh;fis
Nfhg;gp gapw;r; nra;ifapy; <Lgl;l ngz;fs; ghl;;Lg;ghb kfpo;r;rpia vd;gijr; rhpj;jpu rhd;Wfs; fhiy 5.30 kzpKjy; 8.30 kzptiu
njhopyhsh;fs; tho;tpy; RgPl;rk; ntspg;gLj;jpdh;. $Wfpd;wd. Ntiy thq;fpdh;. njhopyhsh;fis
ngw;wpUf;ftpy;iy. ',];NlhUk; fl;bahr;R> Njapiy cw;gj;jp nra;aj; rTf;fhy; mbg;gJ rh;t rhjhuz
njhopyhsh;fis epue;jukhff; tplak;. f\;lk; nghWf;fhJ
1869 tUlk; kLy;rPik Njhl;lj;jpy; ,Q;rp ePUk; g+l;bahr;rp Xbg;NghFk; njhopyhsh;fis
FbNaw;w Ntz;ba Njit
Kjyhtjhf Nfhg;gpr; nrbapy; xUtpj gpbj;Jf;nfhz;L te;J kuj;jpy;
,sntl;l nghz;LfNs Vw;gl;lJ. yl;rf;fzf;fhd
Neha; Muk;gpj;jJ. ,e;j Neha; Vida fl;b itj;J fq;fhzpfs; mbj;Jj;
$ypj;njhopyhsh;fshf
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fk;gdpf;fhuh;fs; murpd;
gutpaJ. xU tUlj;jpw;F Nfhg;gpr;
fk;gisiar; Nrh;e;j xj;Jiog;NghL ,wf;Fkjp nra;jhh;fs;. xU njhopyhsp NtW Njhl;lj;jpy;
nrbfs; ,e;j Nehahy; mope;Jtpl;lJ.
khpahtj;ij Njhl;lj;jpy; E}W Vf;fh; ,th;fspd; ciog;gpd; %yk; ,Uf;Fk; cwtpdh;fis ghh;f;fg; Nghf
Nfhg;gpj; Njhl;l nts;isah;fs; tp];jPuzj;jpw;Fs; 1180 whj;jy; Njhl;lNtiy jsuhJ eilngwTk;> Ntz;bapUg;gpd; fq;fhzpaplk; mDkjp
tho;tpy; ,btpOe;jJ. mNefh; Njapiy gaph; ghlk; nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,th;fis fl;Lf;Nfhg;gha; ngw;Nw Nghf Ntz;Lk;.
Njhl;lq;fis %btpl;L ,q;fpyhe;J (gjg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ) itj;jpUg;gjw;Fk; xU jiytd; -
gazkhapdh;. fz;fhzpg;ghsd; mj;jpahtrpakhfj; (njhlUk;...)
1888 Mk; tUlk; 2>30>00>000 Njitg;gl;lJ.
,e;jpa $ypfshf te;jth;fs; whj;jy; Njapiy cw;gj;jp
Mjhpg;gth;fs; ,y;yhj epiyapy; nra;ag;gl;lJ. nghpa fq;fhzp Kiw me;jdp [Pth ?
[{d; 2018 15

tl khfhzj;jpy; Mrpupau;fs;
vjpu;nfhs;Sk; rthy;fs;
01 .05.2018 ,y; aho; khefu rig ikjhdj;jpy;
eilngw;w $l;L Nkjpdf; $l;lj;jpy;
gq;Fgw;wp ciuahw;wpa NghJ> ,yq;if Mrpupau;
Nrit rq;fj;jpd; tl khfhzr; nrayhsu;
jkpo;Nerd; (Gay;) mtu;fs; tl khfhzj;jpy;
Mrpupau;fs; vjpu;nfhs;Sk; rthy;fs; gw;wp
gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpl;lhu;.
tl ,yq;ifapy; Aj;j fhyj;jpYk; rup> ,g;NghJ
rptpy; epu;thfk; te;j NghjpYk; rup Mrpupau;fs;
mjpfhupfspdhYk; murpay;thjpfspdhYk;
eRf;fg;gl;L xLf;fg;gLfpd;whu;fs;. tl ,yq;ifapy;
fle;j fhyq;fspYk; rup epfo; fhyq;fspYk;
rup ,uz;L Mrpupau; rq;fq;fs; ,Ue;Jnfhz;L>
jq;fSf;Fj; Njitahd fy;tp mjpfhupfSf;Fk;
Mrpupau;fSf;Fk; murpay;thjpfSf;Fk; gf;fr;
rhu;ghf nraw;gl;L> Coy; kype;j rq;fq;fshf
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Mrpupau;fs; gupjtpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whu;fs;.
mtu;fs; jq;fSf;F Vw;gLk; mePjpfis ahuplk;
$Wtnjd;W njupahky; jj;jspj;j Ntisapy;>
ehk; mtu;fisr; re;jpj;Njhk;. mtu;fs; jq;fSf;F
Kiwahd gjtp cau;T> rk;gs epYit> Kiwahd nraw;ghLfspy; <L gl Kbahky; cs;sJ. gpur;rpidfSf;Fj; jPu;Tk; fz;Ls;sJ. jkpou;
,lkhw;wk; toq;fhky; fhyq; flj;jp tUtjhf ntsp khtl;lq;fspy; fhy tiuaiwapd;wp Mrpupau; rq;fk; Nghd;w rq;fq;fs; jkf;Fj;
vk;kplk; njuptpj;jdu;. ,t;thW Mrpupau;fs; gy Ntiy nra;tjpdhy;> vj;jidNah Mrpupau;fs; Njitahd Mrpupau;fsplkpUe;J gzj;ij
,lu;fSf;F kj;jpapy; jq;fs; Nritiar; nra;J gps;isr; nry;tk; ,y;yhky; me;j gps;isr; thq;fpf;nfhz;L ,lkhw;wq;fisr; nra;J tUfpd;wd.
tUtjhy;> vkJ r%fk; ,d;iwa epiyapy; nry;tj;ijj; Njb jq;fSila nrhj;Jf;fis ,t;thwhd nray;fSf;Fj; Jiz NghtjhfNt tl
ghuJ}ukhd tpisitr; re;jpj;Js;sJ. ,d;iwa vy;yhk; mopj;Jtpl;L tho;f;ifapy; tpuf;jp khfhz fy;tp mikr;rUk; nrayhsUk; ru;tkj
fhyfl;lj;jpy; Nghijg; nghUs; ghtid> rpWtu; epiyapy; cs;sdu;. jkpou; gz;ghlhdJ FUkhu;fSk; cs;sdu;. ,jidf; fle;j fhy
J];gpuNahfk;> ngz;fs; kPjhd td;Kiwfs;> fhjYk; tPuKk; epiwe;jjhFk;. Mdhy;> ,d;W nraw;ghLfspd; %yk; fhzyhk;.
tpjitg; ngz;fspd; ngUf;fk;> Ntiyapy;yhg; me;j r%fj;jpy; cs;stu;fs; rpyh; Raeyg; NkYk; mtu; Fwpg;gpLifapy;> ,t;thW gf;fr;
gpur;rpidfs; vd ,d;Ndhud;d rpf;fy;fis Nghf;FlDk; ,yhg Nehf;FlDk; nraw;gLtjpdhy;> rhu;ghf nraw;gLk; mjpfhupfSf;Fk; rq;fq;fSf;Fk;
tl gFjp r%fj;jpdu; vjpu;Nehf;fp tUfpd;wdu;. fhjYk; rPuope;Jtpl;lJ. tPuKk; tPzhfptpl;lJ. murpay;thjpfSf;Fk; vjpuhfg; NghuhLtjw;F
xU itj;jpad; jtW nra;jhy;> mJ me;j td;dp> aho;g;ghzk; vd;w ghFghl;il ,d;iwa vkJ rq;fj;Jld; ,ize;J ,yq;ifapy; tl
NehahspAld; Kbe;J tpLk;. Xu; Mrpupad; jtW mjpfhupfSk;> murpay;thjpfSk; kf;fs; khfhz Mrpupau;fspd; gpur;rpidfisj; Njrpa
nra;jhy;> mJ me;j r%fj;ijNa mopj;J tpLk;. kj;jpapy; cUthf;fp> vkJ r%fj;ij kPz;Lk; Xu; uPjpapYk; cyfshtpa uPjpapYk; nfhz;Lnry;tjw;F
,jidNa ehk; ,d;W fz;L nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwhk;. mopTg;ghijf;Fs; js;s Kay;fpd;wdu;. vkJ ,yq;if Mrpupau; Nrit rq;fj;jpidg;
gyg;gLj;JkhW Mrpupau;fisAk;> fy;tprhu;
tFg;giwapy; fw;gpj;jy; Ntiyia tpl fle;j %d;W tUlq;fshf ,yq;if Mrpupau;
Copau;fisAk; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhh;.
Vida Ntiyfis Mrpupau;fSf;F toq;Ftjhy;> Nrit rq;fk; jPtpukhf jkJ nraw;ghLfis
mtu;fs; xOq;fhd Kiwapy; fw;wy; - fw;;gpj;jy; tl khfhzj;jpy; Kd;ndLj;JtUfpd;wJ. gy - uQ;rpjd; -

kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;l fhzp


gzpg;ghsupd; gjtp gwpg;G
k l;lf;fsg;G khtl;;lj;jpd; LRC fhzpg;gpupT
gzpg;ghsuhftpUe;j tpky;uh[; mtu;fspd; gjtp
twpjhf;fg;gl;L mtu; nfhOk;gpw;F tprhuizf;fhf
Fsk;> nrq;fyb> thfiu> fpuhd;> Nghd;w ,lq;fspy;
,Ue;j LRC fhzpfs; gyKiwaw;wtpjj;jpy;
ifkhw;wg;gl;L tpw;gid nra;tjhf nghJkf;fSk;
mYtyf ehspy; ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdu;
Nahf];tudpd; mYtyfj;jpw;F jdJ kidtp
kw;Wk; Jg;ghf;fp R+l;L rk;gtj;jpd; gpd;du; mtUf;F
miof;fg;gl;Ls;shu;. Clfq;fSk; nra;jp ntspapl;Lte;jd. toq;fg;gl;l nghyprhu; ,UtUlDk; nrd;W
ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdiu jhf;fKw;gl;lNtisapy;
kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;lj;jpy; murfhzp ,NjNtisapy;> ,tupd; gpd;dzpapy; murpay; Nahf];tudpd; nka;ghJfhtyu; fhakile;Jld;
KiwNfLfs; kw;Wk; kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;l thjpfs; rpyUk; Kd;dhs; murhq;f mjpgu; Fwpj;j gpur;rid ghuhSkd;wk; tiur;nrd;wpUe;jJ.
ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdu; Nahf];tudpd; tPl;bw;F mtu;fSk; gf;fgykhf nraw;gl;ljdhy; ,tu;
nrd;W mtiu mr;RWj;jpaik njhlu;ghf vOe;j njhlu;e;Jk; fhg;ghw;wg;gl;L te;jhu;. jstha; mjd; fhuzkhf ,tUf;F tprhuizapd;
Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fspd; gpd;dzpapy; ,tuJ gjtp gpuNjrj;jpy; ,Ue;j gy Vf;fu; mur fhzpfs; Ngupy; nfhOk;gpw;F toq;fg;gl;l ,lkhw;wj;jpid
gwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhfj; njupatUfpwJ. K];ypk; jiyikfspdhy; ifafg;gLj;jg;gl;l ePjpkd;w cj;jutpidg; ngw;W ,ilepWj;jpjhd;
epiyapy; ,tu; kPJ vOe;j mOj;jj;jpd; gpd;du; kl;lf;fsg;gpid tpl;Lr; nry;ykhl;Nld; vd
mj;Jld; mtuJ epUthfj;jpd;fPo; mtu;fs; kPJ tof;F njhLj;jpUe;jhu;. ,jd; $wpapUe;j epiyapy; jw;NghJ gjtpapypUe;Nj
flikahw;wpa midj;J cj;jpNahfj;ju;fSk;
gpd;dzpapy; ,tupd;kPJ jpl;lkplg;gl;l Jg;ghf;fp R+L J}f;fg;gl;Ls;shh;.
ntspkhtl;lq;fSf;F ,lk;khw;wg;gl;Ls;sdu;.
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mjd; gpd;Gyj;jpy; gy re;Njfq;fs; epytp murpaYf;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gl;lNghJ ,tu; jdJ
Fwpj;j tpky;uh[;> fUzh mk;khd; te;jNtisapy;> murhq;f mjpgUf;fhd ,lkhw;wk; thfdj;ij gad;gLj;jp Fwpj;j KiwNfl;by;
vd;wiof;fg;gLk; tpehaf%h;j;jp Kuspjud; ,lk;ngw;wJk; ,tu; kPjhd Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fs; gq;Fjhuuhf nraw;gl;ltu; vd;gJk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
gpujpaikr;ruhftpUe;j fhyj;jpy; 2012k; Mz;bd; kPz;Lk; tYg;ngw;wd. mt;Ntisapy; ghuhSkd;w fUzh mk;khdpd; ,izg;Gr; nrayhsuhf tpUe;j
eLg;gFjpapy; tpNrl mikr;ruitgj;jpu cWg;gpdu; Nahf];tud; mtu;fs; ,tu; rk;ge;jg;gl;l nghd;. utPe;jpuDk; ,tUk; Nru;e;J Kd;dhs; mur
mDkjpapD}lhf kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;l LRC Fw;wr;rhl;bid midj;J Clfq;fs; %yKk; mjpgupd; JizAld; gyfhzp Nkhrbfisr;
fhzpg;gzpg;ghsuhf epakpf;fg;gl;bUe;jhu;. ntspf;fhl;b fpof;F khfhz MSeu; kw;Wk; nra;Js;sdu;. ,tu; kPjhd tprhuizfs;
cupa mikr;rpd; mjpfhupfSf;Fk; vOj;J %yk; njhlUkhftpUe;jhy; kl;lf;fsg;gpy; eilngw;w
mjd; gpd;du; kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;lj;jpy; Kiwapl;ljw;F mikthf ,tUf;fhd tprhuizfs; fhzp Coy;fs; mjw;F Jiz epd;w gy egu;fs;
fhzg;gl;lgy LRC fhzpfs; rk;ge;jg;gl;l Muk;gpf;fg;gl;bUe;jd. Fwpj;j ,ufrpaq;fs; ntsptu tha;g;Gs;sJ.
tplaq;fspy; KiwNfLfs; ,lk;ngw;W tUtjhd
tpku;rdq;fs; voj;njhlq;fpapUe;jJ. mjhtJ fpuhd; ,jdhy;> Mj;jpukile;j tpky;uh[; mtu;fs; - gpuG fe;jrhkp -
16 [{d; 2018

epiwNtw;W mjpfhu [dhjpgjp Kiwf;F vjpuhf kf;fs; tpLjiy


Kd;dzp 20 MtJ murpayikg;Gj; jpUj;jr; rl;l tiuig
rghehafuplk; ifaspj;Js;sJ.

khztu;fspd; capiuf; Fbf;Fk; ePl; Nju;it jil nra;


ePl; Nju;tpw;F vjpuhfg; Nghuhba ,e;jpa khztu;
rq;fj;jpd; khepyj; jiytu; Njhou; khupag;gd;> epUgd;>
fhrhtpd; fpof;F vy;iyg;gFjpapy; ,];Nuypa gilapdupd; rpidg;gu;
,rf;fp cl;gl 11 Ngiu rpiwapyilj;jpUf;Fk; jkpof
jhf;Fjypy; ghy];jPd ngz; wrhd; my; e[hu; Rl;Lf;nfhs;sg;gl;lhu;.
muNr! cldbahf midtiuAk; tpLjiy nra;
Kjyhspj;Jtk;? kdpjhgpkhdk;?

tpw;Wf;nfhs;s Kbahj fhuzj;jpdhy; G+rzpf;fha;fis


jhdkhf toq;fpa nghy;gpjpfk tptrhapfs;... "mfpy ,yq;if
tptrha rk;Nksdk;" rhjPak;???
kfufk jk;gN`d tPjp> rkd; cad> ,y.22/13/1/1 vd;w tpyhrj;jpy; cs;s> yq;fh gu;];l; Nuw; gg;spru; gpiuntl; ypkpnll; jdpahh; epWtdj;jpdhy; fq;nfhltpy> tyt;tj;j tPjpapy;> 43/43 vd;w B.uP.vy; gpiuntl; ypkpnll;by; mr;rpl;L ntspaplg;gl;lJ.

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