Poly vinyl

carbazole

DHANESH V.R.
S6 PS&RT
NO:21
 INTRODUCTION
• Polyvinyl carbazole has good resistance to
heat and chemicals

• But it has less strength

• Softens at 150°C
STRUCTURE
 POLYMERISATION
PREPARATION OF MONOMER
➢ Vinyl carbazole is obtained by reacting carbazole with
acetylene
➢ Readily available as a by product of coal tar
distillation
➢ Done in the presence of a catalyst and solvent under
pressure
➢ The reaction would be carried out at 140°c in white
spirit with potassium carbazole as catalyst
➢Melting point of vinyl carbazole is about 64-
67°
➢High molecular weight polymers are produced
by bulk polymerisation process.
➢Di-tert-butyl peroxide & 2,2-azobisdi-
isobutyronitrile used as initiators
• Heating to 80-90°C causes an onset of
polymerisation and a rapid increase in
temperature.
• After the maximum temperature has been
reached the mass is allowed to cool under
pressure.
• The polymer is not easy to process and in
injection moulding melt temperatures of
300°C are employed.
• In order to prevent excess embrittlement by
shock cooling of the melt,mould temperatures
as high as 150°C may be used.
• The polymer may also be compression
moulded at temperatures of 250-260°C.
 THE MOST IMPORTANT PROPERTIES
OF POLY VINYL CARBAZOLE ARE:

▪ Good photoconductivity
▪ A high softening
▪ Excellent electrical insulating properties
▪ High refractive index
▪ High brittleness
▪ Poly vinyl carbazole is insoluble in
alcohol,esters,ethers,ketons,carbon tetra chloride
& caster oil
 APPLICATIONS
• Earlier applications as a capacitor dielectric
and other electrical applications such as
switch parts, cable connectors and co-axial
cable spacers are now very limited.
• The main application today for poly(vinyl
carbazole) arises out of its photoconductivity
and is in electrostatic dry copying machine
 Xerography
• The polymer is applied from solution in thin film layers
onto a conductive substrate
• In order to obtain the desired photoconductive
characteristics, toughness and adherence to the
substrate various additives are used
• It is usual to incorporate additives such as electron
acceptors, plasticisers and primers.
• A typical electron acceptor is 2,4,7-trinitrofluoronone
 Working principle of Xerography
• When an electrostatic charge is applied to a
coating in the dark it is observed to discharge to
an equilibrium value.
• When the light source is switched on, the
conductivity is increased and discharging occurs,
leading to a negligible charge.
• In xerography this phenomenon is used as a
means of forming a latent electrostatic image
• Which is then developed by a dry method by
transferring the charge onto a powder known as
the toner.
 Other Applications
• The polymer may be regarded in these
applications as a form of photoresistor
• It has been used in holography and in the
manufacture of printing plates
• However, it has also been suggested for use in
solar cells and for measuring photoelectric
resistance.
 REFERANCE

• Conducting polymers & plastic by J Margolis

,Chapman & Hall London 1993

• Plastics Materials by J A Brydson