Consonant sounds you should fully know

 Know the name and symbol

 Be able to perceive and (by the end of the course) produce

Basic symbols are in bold. The rest are composed of basic symbols with each other and/or with diacritics
As in the IPA chart, voiceless on the left, voiced on the right
bilabial labiodental dental alveolar (lamino-) retroflex alveolo- palatal velar uvular pharyngeal “epiglottal” glottal labial- labial-
postalveolar (= apico- palatal velar palatal
postalveolar)
plosive p b t ̪ d̪ t d t̠ d̠ ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ k͡p ɡ͡b
(= oral stop)
nasal m ɱ n̪ n n̠ ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ ŋ͡m
prenasalized ͫb ⁿd̪ ⁿd ⁿd̠ ᶯɖ ɲ
ɟ ŋ
ɡ ᶰɢ
trill ʙ r̪ r r̠ ʀ
tap ɾ̪ ɾ ɾ̠
flap ⱱ ɽ
lateral flap ɺ
fricative ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ɕ ʑ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ ʍ1
affricate p͡ɸ b͡β p͡f b͡v 2 t͡θ d͡ð t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ ʈ͡ʂ ɖ͡ʐ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ k͡x ɡ͡ɣ q͡χ ɢ͡ʁ
lateral ɬ̪ ɮ̪ ɬ ɮ ɬ̠ ɮ̠
fricative
lateral t͡ɬ ̪ d͡ɮ̪ t͡ɬ d͡ɮ t͡ɬ ̠ d͡ɮ̠
affricate
approximant β̞ ʋ ɹ̪ ɹ ɹ̠ ɻ j ɰ ʁ̞ w ɥ
lateral l̪ l l̠ ɭ ʟ
approximant
ʎ
click ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ3
(apico-alveolar or apico-
postalveolar)
lateral click ǁ
implosive ɓ ɗ̪ ɗ ɗ̠ ʄ ɠ ʛ

1
In languages that have a voiceless labial-velar with incomplete closure, it seems to be a fricative rather than a voiceless approximant. So, that’s how the symbol’s defined.
2
Note that these violate the definition of ‘affricate’ a little bit, since the stop portion and the fricative portion are not at exactly the same place of articulation.
3
IPA chart calls it “palatoalveolar”.
Plus sounds made with these diacritics
diacritic meaning how to use examples
̼ linguo-labial put it under an alveolar, dental (or, in your book, bilabial) symbol to make a t ̼ n̼
linguo-labial
̥ voiceless put it under a voiced symbol to make it voiceless ʙ̥ m̥
̞ lowered put it under a fricative symbol to make an approximant (has other uses too) β̞
̝ raised put it under an approximant symbol to make a fricative (has other uses too) ɥ̝
ʰ aspirated put it after a voiceless symbol to make it aspirated tʰ t͡ʃʰ
ʱ breathy-aspirated put it after a voiceless symbol to make it breathy-aspirated bʱ
ʼ ejective put it after a voiceless stop, fricative, lateral fricative, affricate, or lateral tʼ sʼ t͡ʃʼ t͡ɬʼ
affricate to make it ejective

Consonant sounds you should partly know

 Know the name and symbol, be prepared to use in your project
 Be able to produce; you don’t have to be able to perceive the difference, though
̺ apical put it under a dental or alveolar symbol to specify that it’s apico-dental or
apico-alveolar
t ̺ t ̪̺
̻ laminal put it under a dental or alveolar symbol to specify that it’s lamino-dental or
lamino-alveolar
t ̻ t ̪̻

 Know the name and symbol, be prepared to use in your project

 You don’t have to be able to produce or perceive
̟ advanced put it under a dental symbol to make an inter-dental θ̟
(fronter)
put it under a velar to make it a fronter velar (like in English key) k̟
̠ retracted put it under an alveolar symbol to make it postalveolar t̠
(backer)
put it under a velar to make it a backer velar (like in English caw) k̠

Consonant sounds you don’t need to know

simultaneous ʃ and x ɧ