Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Catbalogan City
1. These are noises that interfere with meaning, the thoughts, feelings and
psychological environments that hinder the receiver to understand the intended
meaning.
a. external barriers c. physical barriers
b. internal barriers d. semantic barriers
3. These are physical distractions that come in the form of noises, sights, feelings and
other stimuli, that avert the listener’s attention from the speaker.
a. external barriers c. phonetic barriers
b. internal barriers d. semantic barriers
4. It is the most important part of the interview process where the interviewer gauges
the interviewee’s perception, understanding, skills, competencies, feelings, etc.
a. analogy c. conclusion
b. body d. interaction
5. These barriers distort the intended meaning; come in the forms of interpretations
of meanings different from the way the message is intended.
a. external barriers c. phonetic barriers
b. internal barriers d. semantic barriers
6. This is the part of the interview where both the interviewer and the interviewee
develop an atmosphere of confidence, trust and rapport.
a. apprehension c. body
b. conclusion d. introduction
10. This is the style of leadership where the leader is solely responsible for decision –
making.
a. authoritarian c. democratic
b. competitive d. laissez-faire
11. This a group discussion where the members take opposing sides, not to entertain
but to present reasons based on pieces of evidence.
a. debate c. round table discussion
b. lecture forum d. symposium
12. This type of leadership is vested upon the belief in democratic principles and
practices. The leader lays all the cards before the group
a. authoritarian c. democratic
b. competitive d. laissez-faire
13. This is another type of group discussion where four or five experts are seated in a
semi-circle arrangement on a platform. The discussion begins with the introduction
of the topic and of the panel members.
a. debate c. panel discussion
b. lecture forum d. symposium
14. This is the style of leadership where the leader gives up his authority. The activity or
any undertaking is left to the individual behavior.
a. authoritarian c. democratic
b. competitive d. laissez-faire
15. This is another type of group dynamics where the members are seated at a round
table. The leader or chairman with the members talk about a certain issue or
problem.
a. debate c. round table discussion
b. lecture forum d. symposium
16. Just like the round table and panel discussion, this also makes use of interpretative
and factual delivery of information. Every member is assigned to talk about a
single phase or facet of the problem, issue or topic.
a. debate c. speech
b. lecture forum d. symposium
17. This is commonly known as the closing remarks given by the organizer or
administrator of the affair. He wraps up all the activities in the affair.
a. acceptance speech c. speech to inform
b. closing speech d. speech to present
18. In this type of speech, the speaker wishes to give his listeners some pleasure which
may be joyous and amusing.
a. speech to entertain c. speech to persuade
b. speech to inform d. speech to welcome
19. This a speech delivered in a cordial mood, lets the audience feel the warmth of
their stay in the gathering, uses sincere words to accommodate the audience.
a. speech to entertain c. speech to persuade
b. speech to inform d. speech to welcome
20. This is commonly made when there is a speaker to be introduced before a social
gathering or activity.
a. closing speech b. speech of introduction
b. impromptu speech d. welcome speech
B. The three types of leadership styles that emanate from the locus of decision –
making in the group:
24.
25.
26.
C. The four basic considerations for effective and successful group dynamics:
27.
28.
29.
30.
4. It is a common voice quality where one speaks naturally with little or no emotions.
a. breathy voice c. full voice
b. chesty voice d. thin voice
7. It is a type of speech delivered on the spur of the moment or on top of one’s head
without preparation.
a. extemporaneous c. manuscript
b. impromptu d. memorized
8. It is a common voice quality used in public speaking and is also used to create
solemnity or reverence.
a. breathy voice c. full voice
b. chesty voice d. thin voice
11. This type of speech is learned by heart used in oratorical contests and informal
occasions like eulogies, church rituals and the like.
a. extemporaneous c. manuscript
b. impromptu d. memorized
12. It is a common voice quality that has a high pitch as its characteristics.
a. breathy voice c. full voice
b. chesty voice d. thin voice
15. This type of speech marks the start of any special event or occasions requiring a
formal opening.
a. speech of acceptance c. welcome of presentation
b. speech of introduction d. welcome speech
16. This type of speech contains the objectives and content of the conference and
an overview of the entire proceedings.
a. commencement address c. speech of tribute
b. keynote speech d. welcome speech
18. This refers to how you, as the speaker “stand” in front of the audience.
a. facial expression c. stance
b. good eye contact d. use of gestures.
19. This part of the speech contains the information you would want to relay.
a. body of the speech c. introduction
b. conclusion d. rejection
20. In a part of speech that says “This is a great opportunity to speak before you, new
teachers,” the speaker refers to the:
a. anecdote c. citing of fact in a story
b. audience d. occasion and time
Test II – Enumerate the following:
1. A practical need in communication, the belief in our own self as a worthy and
valuable individual:
a. physical c. self-centered
b. safety d. self-esteem
3. In the sender’s standpoint, this refers to the data or facts shared every time a
sender communicates something to another person.
a. entertainment c. instruction
b. information d. persuasion
7. It is society’s standpoint; this a function served by mass media when they report
and monitor what is happening in the environment.
a. socialization c. synchronization
b. surveillance d. verification
8. it is the function provided by mass media when they interpret what is happening
in the environment.
a. correlation c. socialization
b. entertainment d. surveillance
9. It is the function played by media in teaching members of society what their rules
are, such as proper garbage disposal.
a. correlation c. persuasion
b. entertainment d. socialization
10. It is the primary function of mass media as source of enjoyment or pleasure such
as soap opera and noon time variety shows.
a. cognitive c. entertainment
b. correlation d. surveillance
12. In this function, communication is used to meet our need to belong; people use
communication to connect themselves with the outside world.
a. social integration c. special function
b. surveillance d. tourism
c.
13. This function makes memory and imagination possible so it allows us to understand
current events and use experiences to shape future activities.
a. cognitive function c. personal identify
b. escape function d. social integration
c.
14. This is when you seek out a conversation with a friend to relax, as a diversion, after
the tension of your day’s classes or work.
a. cognitive function c. escape function
b. correlation d. personal identity
15. It is the first level of communication with yourself whether aloud or in the privacy
of your own brain.
a. interpersonal c. public
b. intrapersonal d. society
16. It is the 2nd level of communication, called dyadic, that involves two persons or
two groups of persons who share the roles of sender and receiver.
a. interpersonal c. public
b. intrapersonal d. society
17. The third level of communication, where three or more people publicly or privately
work on as task, solve a problem and arrive at a decision.
a. classical c. group communication
b. correlation d. instructional
18. The fourth level of communication wherein one person delivers his remarks to the
remaining members called the audience. There is unequal amount of speaking
and limited verbal feedback.
a. interpersonal c. public communication
b. intrapersonal d. social
19. This is a model of communication where there is active sender who conveys a
message to a passive receiver. Example: Messages from print and broadcast
media.
a. Interactive communication model c. Osgood circular model
b. Linear communication model d. transactional model
20. This model of communication with the belief that “knowledge tends to create
more knowledge.” The longer two persons’ exchange ideas, the wider the
discussion range and scope becomes.
a. dance helical model c. linear comm. model
b. interactive comm. Model d. transactional comm.model
21. It is a God-given faculty which sets apart human being from animals; a vehicle for
personality development.
a. information c. language
b. juncture d. speech
22. These are elements of speech communication who are both senders and
receivers.
a. channels c. participants
b. context d. periodicals
23. These are means of accessing the messages via visual which refers to the light
waves or auditory which refers to the sound waves.
a. accent c. context
b. channels d. participants
24. It means the distraction that interferes with the accurate transmission and
reception of a message.
a. noise c. participants
b. oculesics d. punctuality
25. These are meanings or ideas and feelings that are encoded and sent by means
of verbal and non-verbal symbols.
a. aggression c. feedback
b. context d. messages
27. Chats, conversations in the form of dyadic communication are examples of this
kind of setting.
a. classic c. personal
b. informal d. regular
28. A setting in communication. Examples of this are the interviews, debates, public
speaking, group discussions and parliamentary procedures.
a. formal c. rational
b. informal d. regular
29. It is a category of practical need for food, water, air, rest and reproduction.
a. ego need c. personal
b. fundamental d. physical
30. It is a practical need’ the desire to become the best person and the desire to
develop our potential to the maximum; a function of communication.
a. ego need c. self-actualization
b. physical d. social
31. This a social need; the desire for others to care for us, and a desire to care for
others; a function of communication.
a. admiration c. self-actualization
b. affection d. social
32. It is a social need to belong to a personal relationship, to an organization, to have
a job or career; a function of communication.
a. inclusion c. safety
b. physical d. social
35. This is a need for communication, the only way to learn who we are, if deprived to
communicate with others, we would have no sense of identity.
a. affection c. personal identity
b. ego need d. social need
37. This refers to the sending of messages to another person utilizing methods or means
other than spoken language.
a. barrier c. mass media communication
b. informal setting d. non-verbal communication
c.
38. It is the transmission of ideas, opinions, feelings, emotions oral attitudes through the
use of oral language.
a. context c. verbal communication
b. feedback d. non-verbal communication
40. It is a Latin word which means” commonness” form which the word
communication comes from.
a. communis c. commit
b. commerce d. commute
SAMAR COLLEGS, INC.
Catbalogan City
1. These are noises that interfere with meaning, the thoughts, feelings and
psychological environments that hinder the receiver to understand the intended
meaning.
c. external barriers c. physical barriers
d. internal barriers d. semantic barriers
3. These are physical distractions that come in the form of noises, sights, feelings and
other stimuli, that avert the listener’s attention from the speaker.
c. external barriers c. phonetic barriers
d. internal barriers d. semantic barriers
4. It is the most important part of the interview process where the interviewer gauges
the interviewee’s perception, understanding, skills, competencies, feelings, etc.
a. analogy c. conclusion
b. body d. interaction
5. These barriers distort the intended meaning; come in the forms of interpretations
of meanings different from the way the message is intended.
a. external barriers c. phonetic barriers
b. internal barriers d. semantic barriers
6. This is the part of the interview where both the interviewer and the interviewee
develop an atmosphere of confidence, trust and rapport.
a. apprehension c. body
b. conclusion d. introduction
11. This a group discussion where the members take opposing sides, not to entertain
but to present reasons based on pieces of evidence.
a. debate c. round table discussion
b. lecture forum d. symposium
12. This type of leadership is vested upon the belief in democratic principles and
practices. The leader lays all the cards before the group
a. authoritarian c. democratic
b. competitive d. laissez-faire
13. This is another type of group discussion where four or five experts are seated in a
semi-circle arrangement on a platform. The discussion begins with the introduction
of the topic and of the panel members.
a. debate c. panel discussion
b. lecture forum d. symposium
14. This is the style of leadership where the leader gives up his authority. The activity or
any undertaking is left to the individual behavior.
a. authoritarian c. democratic
b. competitive d. laissez-faire
15. This is another type of group dynamics where the members are seated at a round
table. The leader or chairman with the members talk about a certain issue or
problem.
a. debate c. round table discussion
b. lecture forum d. symposium
16. Just like the round table and panel discussion, this also makes use of interpretative
and factual delivery of information. Every member is assigned to talk about a
single phase or facet of the problem, issue or topic.
a. debate c. speech
b. lecture forum d. symposium
17. This is commonly known as the closing remarks given by the organizer or
administrator of the affair. He wraps up all the activities in the affair.
a. acceptance speech c. speech to inform
b. closing speech d. speech to present
18. In this type of speech, the speaker wishes to give his listeners some pleasure which
may be joyous and amusing.
a. speech to entertain c. speech to persuade
b. speech to inform d. speech to welcome
19. This a speech delivered in a cordial mood, lets the audience feel the warmth of
their stay in the gathering, uses sincere words to accommodate the audience.
a. speech to entertain c. speech to persuade
b. speech to inform d. speech to welcome
20. This is commonly made when there is a speaker to be introduced before a social
gathering or activity.
a. closing speech b. speech of introduction
b. impromptu speech d. welcome speech
21. It is a process of interaction: of countless meshing of ideas, feelings, attitudes and
experiences.
a. articulation c. commission
b. acquisition d. communication
24. It is the term used to indicate the rise and fall in pitch level.
a. intonation c. moderation
b. juncture d. phonation
26. It is the logical grouping of words that brings out the relative importance of each
thought unit to another.
a. blending c. phrasing
b. emphasizing d. shifting
27. It is used to achieve the certain level of emphasis, intensity or contrast in some
words in a sentence.
a. debate c. group dynamics
b. emphatic stress d. sentence stress
28. It is the force on prominence given to a syllable that stands out among the rest of
the syllables within a word.
a. stress c. support
b. strike d. syllable
29. These are the weak syllables that do not stand out.
a. mono syllable c. stressed syllables
b. shift d. unstressed syllables
30. These syllables stand out among the rest when a rhythm unit is spoken.
a. mono syllable c. stressed syllables
b. Shift d. unstressed syllables
31. This term is defined as the regular succession of stressed and unstressed syllables.
a. respiration c. shift
b. rhythm d. speech
32. These are vowels that glide; combinations of two vowels successively blended in
a single syllable
a. diphthongs c. plosives
b. harmony d. vowels sounds
33. It is the mode or system of correct spelling to examine how letters in isolation or
combination can represent a variety of sounds.
a. Articulation c. modulation
b. choreography d. orthography
36. According to the author of the poem, “Trees”, poem-writers like herself are:
a. fools c. halls
b. goals d. souls
37. These are formed by the movement of the tongue and lips that change the
resonating shape of the mouth.
a. compound words c. silent letters
b. figurative speech d. vowels sounds
38. These are produced when breath stream is obstructed at any one of several points
from the lungs.
a. blends c. phrases
b. consonants d. stressed syllables
39. These are consonant sounds formed through the obstruction or blockage of the
breath stream by the tongue or lips.
a. continuants c. jazz chants
b. diphthongs d. plosives
40. These are vowels that glide. These are combinations of two vowels successively
blended in a single syllable.
a. diphthongs c. letter strings
b. function words d. syllables
41. These are consonant sounds formed by a partial obstruction of the breath stream.
a. back vowels c. front vowels
b. continuants d. voiced consonants
45. In English, it is defined as the regular succession of stressed and unstressed syllables.
a. content c. manner
b. contrast d. rhythm
46. When a rhythm unit is spoken, you can hear that some syllables stand out among
the rest. These are called.
a. blending c. stressed syllables
b. intonation d. utterances
48. This means the force or prominence given to a syllable that stands out among the
rest of the syllables within a word.
a. contraction c. stress
b. shift d. subordination
1. The manner or form of verbal expression which refers to the proper sequencing of
words intended to ascertain the meaning of clauses in sentences.
c. blending c. phrasing
d. marking d. stress
4. It is a common voice quality where one speaks naturally with little or no emotions.
c. breathy voice c. full voice
d. chesty voice d. thin voice
7. It is a type of speech delivered on the spur of the moment or on top of one’s head
without preparation.
c. extemporaneous c. manuscript
d. impromptu d. memorized
8. It is a common voice quality used in public speaking and is also used to create
solemnity or reverence.
c. breathy voice c. full voice
d. chesty voice d. thin voice
11. This type of speech is learned by heart used in oratorical contests and informal
occasions like eulogies, church rituals and the like.
c. extemporaneous c. manuscript
d. impromptu d. memorized
12. It is a common voice quality that has a high pitch as its characteristics.
c. breathy voice c. full voice
d. chesty voice d. thin voice
15. This type of speech marks the start of any special event or occasions requiring a
formal opening.
c. speech of acceptance c. welcome of presentation
d. speech of introduction d. welcome speech
16. This type of speech contains the objectives and content of the conference and
an overview of the entire proceedings.
c. commencement address c. speech of tribute
d. keynote speech d. welcome speech
18. This refers to how you, as the speaker “stand” in front of the audience.
c. facial expression c. stance
d. good eye contact d. use of gestures.
19. This part of the speech contains the information you would want to relay.
c. body of the speech c. introduction
d. conclusion d. rejection
20. In a part of speech that says “This is a great opportunity to speak before you, new
teachers,” the speaker refers to the:
c. anecdote c. citing of fact in a story
d. audience d. occasion and time
21. It is in these practical rules and guides where the development of speech
communication skills are well-learned.
a. group dynamics c. mandate
b. language dynamics d. practical phonology
22. C has / k / sound in words immediately followed by a, o, u, l or r as in the following
word:
a. chloride c. cushion
b. cicada d. special
24. In practical phonology, words where the Ex unit followed by a vowel or h, has
/egz/ sound such as:
a. exhort c. expose
b. expand d. extend
25. If preceded by a consonant, the syllabic unit EAU takes long /õ/ sound as in the
following:
a. cheroot c. guerilla
b. guard d. plateau
26. In some cases, G is silent when followed immediately by m in the same syllabic
unit, as in the following word:
a. against c. phlegm
b. begin d. telegram
28. The ew syllabic unit in many words is pronounced as /yoo/as in the following word:
a. curfew c. throw
b. glow d. show
29. Ch has /sh/ sound when used at the middle part of a word immediately followed
by ia, ie, or ea as in the following word:
a. charm c. chicken
b. cheese d. magician
30. G has /j/ sound when it is followed by e,I, or y as in the following word:
a. gender c. gift
b. gibbon d. gimmick
31. The two system being used in making pitch level are:
a. by numbers and letters c. by letters and lines
b. by lines and numbers d. by liners and tones
32. It characterizes a drop in pitch. The pausing time responds to a need for semi-
colon, colon or period.
Example: Study your lesson: # otherwise, I’ll fail you.
a. double cross juncture c. pause and clause
b. double juncture d. single bar juncture
33. It indicates the need for longer pause between two thought groups in a sentence.
Example: Dr. Jose Rizal // our national hero // was born on June 19, 1861.
a. accent c. double juncture
b. cross juncture d. double bar juncture
34. It indicated the need for a slight pause between tow thought groups in a
sentence.
a. apostrophe c. single bar juncture
b. double juncture d. slant line
35. It is another measure of intonation which characterizes from one sound to the next
sound in the stream of speech.
a. accent c. juncture
b. diacritical mark d. stress
36. It basically refers to the speech of patterns of rising and failing tone of the voice.
a. intonation c. pronunciation
b. phonation d. resonation
37. It is the stress, emphasis or relative force given to a syllable in the utterance of a
word.
a. abbreviation c. acceleration
b. abstract d. accent
38. It is a sound produced with the combination of three letters representing only one
sound as in beau, lieu, plateau, tableau.
a. diagraph c. trigraph
b. diphthong d. triphtong
39. It is a combination of two letters representing only one sound, as in bead, hoax,
laugh.
a. autograph c. diphthong
b. diagraph d. diphthong
41. In practical phonology, words such as bate and mate are given a short sound if
the e is dropped such as:
a. bade c. glade
b. bar d. huge
42. Words which are French in origin has silent g when immediately followed by n such
as:
a. benign c. giant
b. general d. gigolo
43. Gh has an /f/ sound as terminal part of mono syllabic word such as:
a. bargain c. giraffe
b. bugle d. cough
44. Letter /k/ is silent in words when immediately followed by n in the same syllabic
unit, such as:
a. bind c. king
b. broth d. knight
45. Letter L is silent when immediately followed by n in the same syllabic unit, such as:
a. clam c. plump
b. palm d. slam
46. when the mb unit is used in monosyllabic words, the letter b is silent, such as:
a. comb c. gram
b. drum d. knob
49. Letter b also becomes silent when it is followed by t in the same syllabic unit as in
the following word.
a. balmy c. double
b. cable d. doubt
50. Generally, when the ph is used as part of a syllabic unit, it has /f/ sound, as in the
word:
a. phone c. pewter
b. pouch d. panorama
SAMAR COLLEGS, INC.
Catbalogan City
1. A practical need in communication, the belief in our own self as a worthy and
valuable individual:
c. physical c. self-centered
d. safety d. self-esteem
3. In the sender’s standpoint, this refers to the data or facts shared every time a
sender communicates something to another person.
c. entertainment c. instruction
d. information d. persuasion
7. It is society’s standpoint; this a function served by mass media when they report
and monitor what is happening in the environment.
c. socialization c. synchronization
d. surveillance d. verification
8. it is the function provided by mass media when they interpret what is happening
in the environment.
c. correlation c. socialization
d. entertainment d. surveillance
9. It is the function played by media in teaching members of society what their rules
are, such as proper garbage disposal.
c. correlation c. persuasion
d. entertainment d. socialization
10. It is the primary function of mass media as source of enjoyment or pleasure such
as soap opera and noon time variety shows.
c. cognitive c. entertainment
d. correlation d. surveillance
12. In this function, communication is used to meet our need to belong; people use
communication to connect themselves with the outside world.
d. social integration c. special function
e. surveillance d. tourism
13. This function makes memory and imagination possible so it allows us to understand
current events and use experiences to shape future activities.
d. cognitive function c. personal identify
e. escape function d. social integration
14. This is when you seek out a conversation with a friend to relax, as a diversion, after
the tension of your day’s classes or work.
c. cognitive function c. escape function
d. correlation d. personal identity
15. It is the first level of communication with yourself whether aloud or in the privacy
of your own brain.
c. interpersonal c. public
d. intrapersonal d. society
16. It is the 2nd level of communication, called dyadic, that involves two persons or
two groups of persons who share the roles of sender and receiver.
c. interpersonal c. public
d. intrapersonal d. society
17. The third level of communication, where three or more people publicly or privately
work on as task, solve a problem and arrive at a decision.
c. classical c. group communication
d. correlation d. instructional
18. The fourth level of communication wherein one person delivers his remarks to the
remaining members called the audience. There is unequal amount of speaking
and limited verbal feedback.
c. interpersonal c. public communication
d. intrapersonal d. social
19. This is a model of communication where there is active sender who conveys a
message to a passive receiver. Example: Messages from print and broadcast
media.
c. Interactive communication model c. Osgood circular model
d. Linear communication model d. transactional model
20. This model of communication with the belief that “knowledge tends to create
more knowledge.” The longer two persons’ exchange ideas, the wider the
discussion range and scope becomes.
c. dance helical model c. linear comm. model
d. interactive comm. Model d. transactional comm. model
21. It is a God-given faculty which sets apart human being from animals; a vehicle for
personality development.
c. information c. language
d. juncture d. speech
22. These are elements of speech communication who are both senders and
receivers.
c. channels c. participants
d. context d. periodicals
23. These are means of accessing the messages via visual which refers to the light
waves or auditory which refers to the sound waves.
c. accent c. context
d. channels d. participants
24. It means the distraction that interferes with the accurate transmission and
reception of a message.
c. noise c. participants
d. oculesics d. punctuality
25. These are meanings or ideas and feelings that are encoded and sent by means
of verbal and non-verbal symbols.
c. aggression c. feedback
d. context d. messages
27. Chats, conversations in the form of dyadic communication are examples of this
kind of setting.
c. classic c. personal
d. informal d. regular
28. A setting in communication. Examples of this are the interviews, debates, public
speaking, group discussions and parliamentary procedures.
c. formal c. rational
d. informal d. regular
29. It is a category of practical need for food, water, air, rest and reproduction.
c. ego need c. personal
d. fundamental d. physical
30. It is a practical need’ the desire to become the best person and the desire to
develop our potential to the maximum; a function of communication.
c. ego need c. self-actualization
d. physical d. social
31. This a social need; the desire for others to care for us, and a desire to care for
others; a function of communication.
c. admiration c. self-actualization
d. affection d. social
32. It is a social need to belong to a personal relationship, to an organization, to have
a job or career; a function of communication.
c. inclusion c. safety
d. physical d. social
35. This is a need for communication, the only way to learn who we are, if deprived to
communicate with others, we would have no sense of identity.
c. affection c. personal identity
d. ego need d. social need
37. This refers to the sending of messages to another person utilizing methods or means
other than spoken language.
d. barrier c. mass media communication
e. informal setting d. non-verbal communication
38. It is the transmission of ideas, opinions, feelings, emotions oral attitudes through the
use of oral language.
c. context c. verbal communication
d. feedback d. non-verbal communication
40. It is a Latin word which means” commonness” form which the word
communication comes from.
c. communis c. commit
d. commerce d. commute
41. Letter L is silent when immediately followed by m in the same syllabic unit such as:
a. clam c. plump
b. palm d. slam
42. When the mb unit is used in monosyllabic words, the letter b is silent, such as:
a. comb c. gram
b. drum d. knob
45. Letter b also becomes silent when it is followed by t in the same syllabic unit as in
the following word.
a. balmy c. double
b. cable d. doubt
46. Generally, when the ph is used as part of a syllabic unit, it has /f/sound, as in the
word:
a. phone c. pewter
b. pouch d. panorama
48. When a word ends with que which is made part of final syllable, the que unit takes
/k/ sound as in:
a. colleague c. opaque
b. intrigue d. synagogue
49. If a words ends with gue and also made a part of the final syllable, the gue unit
takes a /g / sound as in:
a. cheque c. queer
b. fatigue d. culprit
50. Letter t is silent in words which are mostly French in origin as in the following words:
a. buffet c. culprit
b. combat d. gambit