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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We are greatly indebt to the Almighty One for giving us blessing to finish
this case report, “Systemic Lupus Erythematosus”. This case report is requirement
to complete the clinical assistance program in Department of Child Health in Haji
Adam Malik General Hospital, Medical Faculty of North Sumatera University.

We are also indebt to our supervisor and adviser, dr. Selvi Nafianti
M.Ked(Ped), Sp A(K) for much spent time to give us guidance, comments, and
suggestions. We are grateful because without Her, this case report wouldn’t have
taken its present shape.
This case report has gone through series of developments and corrections.
There were critical but constructive and relevants suggestions from the reviewers.
Hopefully the content will be useful for everyone the future.

Medan, Januari 2016

Writers
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CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .......................................................................... ii
CONTENTS ................................................................................................. iii
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................... 1
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................... 3
2.1.Definition .......................................................................................... 3
2.2. Epidemiology ................................................................................... 3
2.3. Etiopatogenesis ................................................................................ 4
2.4. Pathogenesis&Pathophysiology ....................................................... 4
2.5. Disease mechanism and tissue damage ............................................ 11
2.6. Classification criteria ....................................................................... 12
2.7. Chronicity and damage index........................................................... 17
2.8. Clinical Features............................................................................... 19
2.9. Diagnostic and diagnostic test ...................................................... 31
2.10. Pharmacologic Theraphy .............................................................. 31
2.11. Differential Diagnosis .................................................................. 37
2.12. Prognosis ..................................................................................... 37
CHAPTER 3 CASE REPORT ................................................................... 39
CHAPTER 4 FOLLOW UP ...................................................................... 46
CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION ....................................................................... 49
CHAPTER 6 SUMMARY .......................................................................... 50
REFERENCES ............................................................................................ 51
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