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Assignment 8
Textbook (Giancoli, 6th edition), Chapter 7-8:
• Angular Quantities
• Constant Angular Acceleration
• Rolling Motion (Without Slipping)
• Centripetal Forces
• Torque
• Rotational Dynamics; Torque and Rotational Inertia
• Rotational Kinetic Energy
• Angular Momentum and Its Conservation
All marks, including assignments, have been
posted on the web.
http://ilc2.phys.uregina.ca/~barbi/academic/phys109/2009/grades-web.pdf
In purely rotational motion, all points on the object move in circles around the axis
of rotation (“O”) which is perpendicular to this slide.
(8-1)
(8-2)
Angular Quantities
(8-3)
Angular displacement:
(8-4)
Angular Quantities
(8-5) (8-6)
(8-7) (8-8)
∆
At each angular position, point P will have a ∆
linear velocity whose directions are tangent to
its circular path.
(8-9)
(8-10)
(8-11) (8-12)
(8-14)
The time required for a complete revolution is called period, or in other words: period
is the time one revolution takes:
(8-15)
Constant Angular Acceleration
The equations of motion for constant angular acceleration are the same as those for
linear motion, with the substitution of the angular quantities for the linear ones.
Today
Linear Momentum
(a) What is the linear speed of a child seated 1.2 m from the center?
Problem 8-8
(a)
v = ω r = (1 .5 7 r a d s e c ) (1 .2 m )= 1 .9 m s
(b) Ignoring air our other resistance, there is no tangential acceleration (no tangential
forces are applied).Therefore, the acceleration is purely radial.
and
atan = 0
Linear Momentum
Problem 8-13
The tangential speed of the turntable must be equal to the tangential speed of the
roller, if there is no slippage.
v1 = v 2 → ω 1 R1 = ω 2 R 2 → ω 1 ω 2 = R 2 R1
Linear Momentum
Problem 8-19 (textbook) A cooling fan is turned off when it is running at 850 rev/min.
It turns 1500 revolutions before it comes to a stop.
(b) How long did it take the fan to come to a complete stop?
Linear Momentum
Problem 8-19
(a)
ω 2
= ω o2 + 2 α θ
(b)
The time to come to a stop can be found from
θ = 1
2 (ω o +ω )t
2 (1 5 0 0 re v ) 6 0 s
2θ
t = = = 210 s
ωo + ω 8 5 0 re v m in 1 m in
Centripetal Forces (Section 5-
5-2, textbook)
We can now go back to chapter 5 and discuss the concept of centripetal forces.
For an object to be in uniform circular motion, there must be a net force acting on it.
According to Newton’s second law, there should exist a net force Frnet such that:
(8-16)
(8-17)
Centripetal Forces (Section 5-
5-2, textbook)
An example is the case of a person swinging a ball on the end of a string as shown
in the figure.
The force on the person’s hand is the reaction of the string to the inward pull the
person exerts on it to produce the circular motion.
The net force will be exclusively due to the radial acceleration and will point
inward
Problem 5-7 (textbook) A ball on the end of a string is revolved at a uniform rate in
a vertical circle of radius 72.0 cm, as shown in Fig. 5–33. If its speed is 4.00 m/s and
its mass is 0.300 kg, calculate the tension in the string when the ball is
Problem 5-7
A free-body diagram is shown in the figure. Since the object is moving in a circle with
a constant speed, the net force on the object at any point must point to the center of
the circle.
(a) Take positive to be downward. Write Newton’s 2nd law in the downward direction.
∑F R
= mg + FT1 = ma R = m v 2 r →
( )
2
FT1 = m ( v r − g ) = ( 0.300 kg )
4.00 m s
2
− 9.80 m s = 3.73 N
2
0.720 m
This is a downward force, as expected.
Centripetal Forces (Section 5-
5-2, textbook)
Problem 5-7
A free-body diagram is shown in the figure. Since the object is moving in a circle with
a constant speed, the net force on the object at any point must point to the center of
the circle.
(b) Take positive to be upward. Write Newton’s 2nd law in the upward direction.
∑F R
= FT 2 − m g = m a = m v 2 r →
( 4 .0 0 m s ) 2
(
FT 1 = m v 2 r + g ) = ( 0 .3 0 0 k g )
0 .7 2 0 m
+ 9 .8 0 m s = 9 .6 1 N
2
This is a upward force, as expected.
Rolling Motion (Without Slipping)
When a wheel or radius R rolls without slipping along a flat straight path, the points of
the wheel in contact with the surface are instantaneously at rest and the wheel
rotates about a rotation axis through the contact point.
The center of the wheel moves with a linear speed given by:
The linear acceleration of the center of the wheel will be given by:
P
r R
θ
Rolling Motion (Without Slipping)
R θ
l
The center of the wheel remains directly over the
l
point of contact, therefore it also moves by the same
distance.
Rotational Kinetic Energy and Moment of Inertia
An object can be seen as made of many individual tiny particles located at different
positions. In the real word, this is actually the way things are made. The object can
then be interpreted as a system of particles.
We have already seen that the total kinetic energy of a system is the sum of the
kinetic energy of each of its constituents. So, the kinetic energy of this object can be
written as:
If the object is undergoing a rotational motion, we can use eq. 8-9 (noting that the
angular velocity is the same for all particles) to write:
Rotational Kinetic Energy and Moment of Inertia
Then
⇒ (8-18)
(8-19)
Such that:
(8-20)
Note that in the case of the wheel discussed in the rolling motion without slipping few
slides ago, the wheel also undergoes translational motion.
The total kinetic energy will then be the sum of the kinetic
energy due to its linear and angular motions: P
r R
(8-21)
Where
Moment of inertia depends not only on the mass of each particle, but also on their
distribution (position r) in the object.
These two objects have the same mass, but the one on the left has a greater
rotational inertia, as so much of its mass is far from the axis of rotation.
Problem 8-45 (textbook) A bowling ball of mass 7.3 kg and radius 9.0 cm rolls
without slipping down a lane at 3.3 m/s. Calculate its total kinetic energy.
Linear Momentum
Problem 8-45
The total kinetic energy is the sum of the translational and rotational kinetic energies.
Since the ball is rolling without slipping, the angular velocity is given by
ω=v R
I = 2
5
mR2 (see table presented two slides ago)
v2
KEtotal = KEtrans + KErot = 12 mv 2 + 12 I ω 2 = 12 mv 2 + 12 25 mR 2 = 107 mv 2
R2
= 0.7 ( 7.3 kg )( 3.3 m s ) = 56 J
2