Anatomy of Brain

Names Functions Notes

Cognitive function.
1. Controls mental processes – sensations, consciousness, Speech and
cerebrum memory understanding
2. Controls voluntary movements language.
Motor function
1. Controls muscle contraction to coordinate movements
cerebellum coordinate
2. Maintain balance, posture

1. Relay sensory impulses to the appropriate place in

thalamus relay station
cerebral cortex, spinal cord, brain stem, cerebellum

1. Controls homeostasis (blood temperature, pressure)

Hormone
hypothalamus 2. Controls secretion of hormones by pituitary gland
Homeostasis
3. Controls emotions, sexual arousal, hunger, thirst, sleep
1. Connects cerebrum with spinal cord
involuntary
brain stem 2. Controls involuntary actions
actions
3. Controls alertness (arousal)
1. Controls autonomic nervous system
A) midbrain
2. Controls motor movement
B) pons 1. Controls sleeping, dreaming, walking

C) medulla 1. Controls autonomic nervous system, involuntary actions

oblongata (CCC, breathing rate)
1. Personality, behavior, emotions
intelligence,
frontal lobe 2. Judgement, planning, problem solving
problem-solving
3. Intelligence, concentration, self-awareness
broca’s area 1. Speech

motor cortex/strip 1. Controls voluntary movements

1. Interprets signals from hearing, motor, sensory and
parietal lobe five senses
memory
sensory cortex/strip 1. Interprets sense of touch, pain, temperature

temporal lobe 1. Controls memory and hearing speech and hearing

wernicke area 1. Understanding language

occipital lobe 1. Interprets vision (colour, light, movement) vission

gyrus 1. Folded appearance of the brain

sulcus 1. Groove between gyrus

longitudinal fissure 1. Deep grove that separates left and right hemispheres

lateral fissure 1. Separates frontal lobe and temporal lobe

central salcus 1. Separates frontal lobe and parietal lobe

insula 1. Controls sense of taste 5th lobe

infundibulum 1. Connects hypothalamus and pituitary gland

1. Connects left and right hemispheres of brain

corpus callosum 2. Integrate motor, sensory, and cognitive performances
between left and right cerebral cortex

Intermediate mass 1. Connects left and right thalamus

Pineal gland 1. Controls sleep cycle

1. Controls movement of neck and head
2. Housing and protecting the spinal cord
cervical spine (8)
3. Supporting the head and its movement
4. Facilitating blood flow to the brain
1. Dilate pupil
2. Inhibit salivation (to inhibit digestion) during
thoracic spine (12) 3. Relax airways sympathetic
4. Increase heart rate division
5. Inhibit activity of intestines
1. Controls bladder, reproductive system
lumbar spine (5) 2. Controls genital area (orgasm, ejaculation)
3. Controls adrenal gland to secrete adrenaline
1. Controls bladder, reproductive system
2. Controls genital area (orgasm, ejaculation)
sacral spine (5)
3. Relax rectum
4. Constrict bladder
1. Supports spinal cord
2. Supports body
Coccyx (1)
3. Expands together with pelvic bone during delivery
of baby
central canal 1. Drains cerebrospinal fluid

Fornix 1. major output tract of hippocampus Hippocampus

Consciousness,
Insular Cognitive function, consciousness, homeostasis
homeostasis