FIRMASE-MONARQUIA, Catherine,N.

RES290 COM3 3Q1718 Chapter 1 Answered: 10

2001129903 15January 2018 Assigned: 10

END OF CHAPTER QUESTIONS:

1. Detail the steps in the research process.

The steps in the research process are as follows:

1.1. Begin with an idea and refine it. Things for consideration of a research idea are reccomendations from
other studies, ideas of personal interest relevant to your discipline. By engaging and searching for
literature about the idea you can refine and fine tune your research idea.
1.2. State the research question/statement in one sentence. It is a good practice to state your idea in one
sentence or a question, this will serve as your conceptual framework.
1.3. Identify the specific aim and define the objectives. You should be able to identify what it is you want to
accomplish in the research and be able to define specific objectives for this aim.
1.4. Perform a literature review. This review of related studies will develop the theoretical framework of the
research, as to what the study will be build upon.
1.5. Select a methodology. The methodology will define the method of experimentation, protocol or process
of the research to be conducted.
1.6. Devise data collection methods. You should be able to define how data collection will be perfomed.
1.7. Perform data gathering. This is the actual information gathering which will enable the researcher to
conclude the hypothesis.
1.8. Analyze collected data. Analysis and evaluation of data enables the researcher to study and come up with
a conclusion.
1.9. Draw conclusion and interpretation. The conclusions and interpretations from the analyzed data are then
theorized in the body of knowledge.
1.10. Complete the write up of the thesis/report. This is the collation of all the parts of the research, in a
systematic manner.

2. Outline and explain the use of the four frameworks approach in the research project process.
The use of the four frameworks approach provides a simple guide on developing a research project. It
creates a systematic approach which helps avoid confusion in the research process and helps maintain
focus on the task at hand by sticking to its structure namely:
1. The conceptual framework – encompases the research statement
2. The theoretical framework – contains the literature review
3. The methodological framework – establishes the methodology
4. The analytical framework – contains the data analysis presented in the study.

3. When can a research project be deemed researchable?

A researchable project is a project that a researcher can undertake and complete, several factors to consider
are ethics, resources, access to information and data, timeframe and knowledge on a topic or idea.

4. What is a key concept in research?

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 It is a key idea, a word or a phrase which captures the conceptual framework of the research.

5. What is a research diary?

It is a notebook that a researcher has set aside for the sole purpose of recording thoughts, ideas,
inspirations, researches and resources for the research project which can be easily retrieved and accessed
by the researcher.
6. List three different research methodologies.
1. Case studies
2. Experimental Design
3. Surveys

7. List five different data collection methods.

1. Observations
2. Interviews
3. photographs
4. Field diaries
5. Maps

8. Outline and briefly explain the key differences between the social-science paradigms, positivism,
interpretivism, and social constructionism.
Positivism, is associated with quantitative research, the production and study of numbers and statistics,
they see the world as having one reality they hold reality to be singular and objective, while interpretivism
is reffered to a social research wich is qualitative for the interpretivist the world is interpreted in their own
way and they contstruct their own realities, they hold reality to be multiple and subjective. While social
constructionism is also qualitative social constructionist see the world as being co-constituted made up of
different realities, they hold reality to be socially constructed.

9. Discuss the relevance and value of research, using a range of examples of research projects to support your
answer.
Research is a structured method of investigation and study applicable to all disciplines whose end result
is contribution to the vast body of knowledge, the value of research is of great importance such as the
discoveries of the following research examples:
1. Research and discovery of paclitaxel (Taxol ®)- Today, Taxol is on the World Health Organization’s
Model List of Essential MedicinesExit Disclaimeras a cytotoxic drug that kills cancer cells. It is used to
treat breast cancer, ovarian cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, and AIDS-
related Kaposi sarcoma.

2. A new antibiotic kills pathogens without detectable resistance - Antibiotic resistance is spreading faster
than the introduction of new compounds into clinical practice, causing a public health crisis. Here we
report a new antibiotic that we term teixobactin, discovered in a screen of uncultured bacteria. The
properties of this compound suggest a path towards developing antibiotics that are likely to avoid
development of resistance.

3. Variation in cancer risk among tissues can be explained by the number of stem cell divisions - Some
tissue types give rise to human cancers millions of times more often than other tissue types. These
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 results suggest that only a third of the variation in cancer risk among tissues is attributable to
environmental factors or inherited predispositions. The majority is due to “bad luck,” that is, random
mutations arising during DNA replication in normal, noncancerous stem cells. This is important not
only for understanding the disease but also for designing strategies to limit the mortality it causes

10. Write a short reflective on research ethics.

In order to come up with a successful research project, one has to always take into consideration research
ethics, to ensure that the study has taken into account any social sensitivities, potential harm and reasoning,
as well as ensure its integrity, accountability, transparency, confidentiality and accuracy of the process of
research.

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