TEST CODE 002392

FORM TP2055 MA Y/JUNE 2000

CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE

EXAMINA TION

BIOLOGY

Paper 02 - General Proficiency

I} hours

1. Candidates MUST attempt ALL the questions on this paper.

2. Candidates MUST use this answer booklet when responding to the questions. For EACH
question, write your answer in the space indicated and return the answer booklet at the end of the
examination.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

Copyright © 1999 Caribbean Examinations Council.

All rights reserved.
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I. Some students set up an investigation to compare the insecticidal effects of an extract of (c) Suggest TWO advantages of using a plant extract rather than a chemical.
a plant called Neem and a chemical named Enpro. Three beds of a plant called Patchoi (Pakchoy)
were used. Sample plants from the investigation are shown below. A ~\Q.0.\. .e~~d ~.i.uC\cA
QQ\l.!r.{t.~\.\~ .
~ y .cd~g Q,(\d :~..0.~\\Q\\.Q~..:\ne .
..?\O'o..\ :\.9...~\:Q~ ke.\\Cy.~
.. (i.~~~k~)
(d) A research scientist, who was interested in the results of the class experiment, wished to
carry out a similar investigation for a longer period of time and on a large scale.

(i) State THREE precautions which she would need to take in conducting the
investigation.

Ii
Plant P Sprayed with Plant Q Sprayed Untreated (3 marks)
Neem Extract with Enpro PlantR
(ii) For any ONE of the precautions you have stated in (d) (i) above, explain why it
Figure 1 - Plants from an Investigation is necessary.

(a) Which of the sprays, P or Q, seemed to be more effective? Give TWO pieces of
evidence, shown in the diagram above, which support your answer.

p'..~.g ~y'~ ~~.y'e, ·l .

..i10.;.s. ..;$.. ...s.9. b.~~.f.~.f..,.~ (2 marks)

~~ ~~ QOcl d.o~ o.o.\ ~I.\ ~ . (iii) What is the disadvantage

instead of in a laboratory?
of carrying out such an investigation in the field

...~.~~.~ ..9.D...~ ..~ .

(3 marks)

(b) (i)
(2 marks)

What other data might the scientist collect to make more accurate comparisons
than the students did?

(ii)

(4111I11'1\ )

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(v) Construct a table which would be suitable for recording any ONE set of data 2.
coJlected. Include a title and appropriate headings.
(5 marks)
B-----'~ --~----c
A--------4~----~ ~-~~------D

Figure 2 - Longitudinal Section through the Heart

(a) (i) Name the blood vessels labelled in Figure 2 above.

A ~.ktt ..D.e.o.lhc.....-.. B .~!:ft ..qjn~kly..

C < •••• L~ Q~u.~... D .. ~f4 ~o.l~
..~._.
(4 marks)

(ii) ~G.~.~~o.w~~~ in

····dv~······· .:.~. ~
~~I.C .t~e~~~c;~~.:;& :~~~~l~.t~:
~
.
; .
(e) Describe the role of mineral nutrition in plant growth.

................................................................................... ...................................................... ...

ij _~t :~~;;;i
........................................................................................................................................ ~b) The heart usually beats at a steady rate. ~n ow steady rate IS maintained.

.................................................................................. ....................................................... J\ r~J!:.JIh;t . Jk .

......................................................................................................................................... . ~J\\'\g@rt. ~.ck-. s.'f...~ .
.........................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)
............................................................................................................
·············(5·~~~k~)

Totol 30 marks

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i3xccss fat in the diet and (ii) overdosing on stimulants such as cocaine, can both 3.
(Ill (I)
laud t~ h1rrt attTfitug,est why this is so. Expl~n your fuwer fully, •

·····'····(r..····:~\'))QJ.·····?~~···ll\~ff····J{~~L
.... Parental 00 l
I)
generation
• X GO Key

¥
lil Red petals
[QJ White petals
Offspring

(Ii ......
,..•....
~auoh
·~r·-················································· .
Figure 3 - Cross of Red-flowered and White-flowered plants

(a) Using examples taken from Figure 3 above, answer the following questions.

(i) What is an allele?

.AO...o\\clc.- ~.~Q0 dt.~\\.-r.¥..:.k~R-tm.& .

Q~~!'. .
(2 marks)
(6 marks)

(ii) Distinguish between dominant and recessive characteristics.

Total 14 marks
.c. h~~~~\~~.s.9r~ ...
D.o.n~0.~ cro\~d\r.d..~
~,,<>Ct~l···ob~~;L~q~J:~~~
........
~~:!l: ~~ cl~). L ~
.
wn-hc \led 9:c ~-ClSSi.ve. ,set"es. (2 marks)

(iii) Explain the term 'phenotype' .

.P..h\Y).o~.p0.,.....Q.t~..~~y.nQI....c.1JQtQ.dc~~±.;ce.
.
.W ~(\
..
..b.~.~.! (2 marks)
.
(b) (i) If all the offspring had been pink-flowered, what would this indicate about Ih
inheritance of flower colour? Explain your answer.

1A~p.lde..dQn.~(l~... ~ld ..1rJ.k·~i~··~;,)t.\I,.

-:\b~.J<:).~.i(\qr*-.~ ..&..Jt.\d.sP.. ~~(jQr.d..1.4..~ ,"..,
V~'3~ ~ is V'lp-f SO ~e..8~... (211111.'IIN)

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(ii)
A
Using a diagram, show the offspring that will result when two pink-flowered
plants are crossed.
4.

m.15.p ,L... r
Genotypes of parents . Population size 500

~1t,·.·.·.·.•E~'t;I••••••••.
;;.,••••••••..••
450

:~,.:;:~:~:g 400
350

Phenotype of offspring .. p.t-lr.e... .p ().h pl:nbr ..h)hit~.! . 300

red 7 I (4 marks) 250 i-=Al
200 ~
,) Plant arid animal breeders carry out crosses between animals and between plants to 150
produce organisms with characteristics beneficial to man. Give TWO reasons why breed-
ing plants is easier than breeding animals. 100
50

0
3 4 5 6 7
Time/weeks

Figure 4 - Changes in Population Size of Two Pond Animals

Figure 4 above shows how the population sizes of two species of small aquatic animals, A
and B, were affected after the discharge of a chemical into a small pond. The chemical was
discharged into the pond at Week 1.
(4 marks)
(a) Describe the effect of the chemical on EACH of the populations.
Total 16 marks
r-
A .

B .
, (3 marks)

(b) Explain TWO ways in which. the changes occurring in the populations of Aand B might
affect any other organisms living in the pond .

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

(4 marks)

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(i) Suggest why the population of B was not totally 'wiped out' in the period s.
shown in the graph.
Number of cigarettes
smoked per day 40+ •••••••••••••
. 31--40 .- _
(1 mark)
21--30 • _
(ii) Explain why, after several years of exposure to the chemical in the water, the
population of B returned to its original size. 1..20"- _
1
..10. __

Former smoker

Non-smoker

o 20 40 60 80
(3 marks) % Individuals with bronchitis

(d) If the chemical had been discharged into a river, would you expect it to have the same Figure 5 - Relationship Between Smoking and Incidence of Bronchitis
effects on similar organisms living there? Explain your answer.
Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchi. The mucous membranes of the bronchial tubes
become thickened and the blood supply to the lungs reduced.

(a) Summarize what the graph in Figure 5 above indicates.

jf.).d.ic.0.±c8 j~.fJf:Y.~1)P..~od~l:A.~~.9~ 0?h. .

(3 marks) h1;~~~~~~~;td,~'+,fuQtpd
(2 marks)
Total 14 marks
(b) (i) Suggest why more former smokers get bronchitis than non-smokers .

.B.~8.~ ~ ~ ..1P. 8hQ\~.: .

(1 mark)

(ii) State TWO other effects that smoking may have on the body .

.H~ ~.e. :1...~.~c:;@.tQI..~pes.

..9.:P. .
.~.q(\~.r QQd CQq~~ h~r.t .
......qftqc.f.g.: .
(2 marks)

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(c) What is the function of

(i) bronchi? .....

(1 mark)

(ii) mucous membranes?

(1 mark)

(d) Suggest how a non-smoker might contract bronchitis.

..~ !(.otp.19t.'.Q.o. .op.. .aG;)cd..~.h.q()d..8.Hd~~ }.

(1 mark)

(e) State TWO effects habitual cigarette smoking may have on a smoker's family.

.tJ~ Qf10c1 l.hfk. !anik····£nQ.C\~~

..ord .

(2 marks)

(f) An adequate supply of blood is essential for several reasons, one of which is to protect
the body against disease. Briefly describe THREE ways in which blood is important in
defending the body against disease.

(6 marks)

Total 16 marks

END OF TEST

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