CHAPTER 1

DESIGN METHODOLOGY

The importance of adequate & efficient drainage to the structural integrity of a

road is well recognized. The road drainage falls into two categories viz. Surface
water runoff & Subsoil drainage. Surface water runoff – to remove water froma
areas of carriageway or footpath where its presence would be harmful or
dangerous to user or lead to deterioration. Subsoil drainage is to sustain the
stability of pavement support within design tolerances. The water may enter
sub grade from the groundwater and by infiltration of surface water through
the payment, shoulders. This water is required to be collected by subsurface
drainage systems which in turn discharge into a drainage system clear of road
formations.

The urban roads usually are in flat terrain. Urbanization of the area and intense
density of construction needs well planned drainage. For effective drainage,
water from roads be taken to peripheral drains which in turn should join main
or trunk drain for ultimate discharge into the natural drain.

Existing drains pass through highly developed and thickly populated are. As
such there is a problem of availability of land for increasing the capacity of
drains further. Besides, these drains should be able to cater the increased
discharge due to new colonies & urbanization. An important aspect of such
drain is to ensure a good velocity in the drains not only when drain is running
full but also when the drain is partial full. Thus design needs to be made to
ensure self cleansing velocities during dominant and lean flow conditions.

Considering the importance of drainage, IRC have brought guidelines of Urban

drainage. The guidelines are published vide IRC Sp:50-1999.

The design of drainage system involves:

(i) Calculating the total discharge that the system will require to drain off
(ii) Fixing the slope & dimensions of the drains to have adequate capacity to
carry the discharge and afford proper maintenance.
The discharge is dependent upon intensity & duration of precipitation
characteristics of the area and the time required for such flow to reach drain.
The storm water flow for this purpose may be determined using rational
method, hydrograph method, rainfall runoff co-relation studies, digital

1
computer models & empirical formulas. Of the different methods available,
rational method is most commonly used & serves the purpose of design.

The road side drains are not designed for the peak flow of rare occurrences
such as once in 100 years or 50 years- as in the case of design of important
structures such as bridges or weirs. However, it is necessary to provide
sufficient capacity to prevent too frequent flooding of the drainage area. There
may be some water accumulation on the roads when the rainfall exceeds the
design value which has to be permitted. The frequency of such occurrence
which can be permitted varies from place to place, depending upon the
importance of such place and expectancy of the public.

Based upon the practice being followed in metropolitan cities in our country
and cost consideration in mind, it is recommended that a return period of 1 to
2 years be adopted to estimate runoff.

Time of Concentration: It is the time required for the maximum runoff to

develop. It is the time required for a drop of water to runoff from the most
remote point of the road surface to the point for which the runoff is being
estimated.
As per IRC SP13: the time of concentration

Ic = 0.87 (L3)0.385
H
Where Ic = Time of concentration in hours
L = Length of critical point to the drain in Km
H = Fall level from remote point to drain level in meters

Rainfall Intensity: It has been observed that the shorter the duration of
critical rainfall, greater would be the expected average intensity during that
period. The critical duration of rainfall is the rainfall duration which produces
maximum runoff. This duration is equal to the time of concentration, since
shorter period do not allow the whole area to contribute in runoff & longer
duration will give a smaller average rainfall intensity. The problem, thus
reduces to one of establishing a relationship between time of rainfall duration &
probsblr or expected rainfall intensity.

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The current practices being followed in metropolitan cites (Delhi ) is as under:

The average value of runoff which is adopted for different categories of drain
are:
a. Internal drains 0.177 m3/Ha 1cft/acre
b. Intercepting drains 0.132 m3/Ha 0.75cft/acre
c. Main drains 0.088 m3/Ha 0.5 cft/acre

The above values have been worked out on following assumptions:

Rainfall intensity of 30 minutes duration at the rate of 62.5 mm per hour
occurring once in two years.

To convert one hour duration rainfall into any duration intensity, IRC SP 13
have provided formulae

i= F (T+1)
T (t+1)
Where
i = intensity of rainfall within a shorter period of ‘t’ hours within a storm
F = Total rainfall in storm in cm falling in duration of storm of T hours
t = Smaller time interval in hours within the storm duration of T hours

Rational formula to estimate peak runoff rates:

For smaller water bodies not exceeding 50 Sq Km, rational method is widely
used for estimating peak runoff rates. The formulae is:

Q = 0.028 P A Ic
Where Q Designed peak runoff in cumecs
P Coefficient of runoff for catchment characteristics
A Catchment are in Heactres
Ic Critical rainfall intensity in cm per hour for the selected
frequency & duration

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The coefficient of runoff (P) can be estimated as:
SN Description of surface Coefficient of
runoff (P)
Watertight pavement surface (concrete or bitumen) , 0.9
steep bare rock
2 Green area (Loamy) 0.3
3 Green area (Sandy) 0.20
4 Unpaved area along roads 0.30
5 Lawns & Parks 0.15
6 Flat built up area with about 60% area impervious 0.55
7 Moderately steep built up area with about 70% area 0.80
impervious

Runoff coefficient for the whole can be derived after ascertaining or

estimating the proportions of various surface to the hole area. SP 50 also
suggested some common figures for coefficient of runoff as under:
SN Description of surface Coefficient of
runoff (P)
1 Most densely built up area 0.7 to 0.9
2 For adjoining area to built up areas 0.5 to 0.7
3 Residential areas 0.25 to 0.5
4 Sub urban areas with few building 0.10 to 0.25

Hydraulic Design:
Capacity of drain is normally designed by Mannings Formulae

Q = (1/n) A R2/3 S1/2

Where Q Discharge in cumecs
n Mannings rugosity coefficient
A Flow area in sqm
R Hydraulic mean depth in m = A/P
P Wetted perimeter in m
S Gradient of drain bed

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The mannings rugosity coefficient ‘n’ may be estimated as:
SN Description of surface Value of n
1 Brick pitched drain 0.017
2 Plastered brick surface 0.015
3 Plastered brick surface with neat cement finish 0.013
4 Concrete pipes upto 600 mm dia 0.015
5 Concrete pipes above 600 mm dia 0.013
6 Dry rubble masonry 0.033
7 Dry stone pitching 0.020
8 Kutcha drain 0.025

Permissible velocities & section:

The drains will be designed for the non silting non scouring velocities. The
permissible velocities will /are badly affected due to:

i. Inadequate/improper slope of the drains

ii. At the time of design maximum particle size of 2 to 3 mm is
considered while as per actual, non biodegradables waste,
solid waste etc forms a major part which resulted in partially
to 3/4th choking of the drains & leaving only surface flow.
iii. Inadequate cleaning mechanism
iv. Poor O&M
v. Inadequate manpower
vi. Lack of civic senses among residents
vii. Lack of waste pulverizes resulting in more solid waste

The minimum & maximum velocities

Sn Type of Drain Min velocity (m/s) Max Velocity(m/s)
Internal drain (brick pitched or 0.45 1.5
plastered)
Intercepting & main drains (brick 0.75 1.5
pitched or plastered)
Pipe drain (running full) 0.75 1.8

Note: To ensure self cleaning of the drain, a minimum velocity of 1.5 m/s may
be desirable. However, this may require installation of concrete or paved
drains.

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Minimum Free Board:

Drain size Free Board

Upto 300 mm bed width 10 cm
Beyond 300 mm upto 900 mm bed width 15 cm
Beyond 900 mm upto 1500 mm bed width 30 cm

Minimum section area:

Minimum drain width should not be less than 250 mm. In case of pipes, the
minimum diameter should not be less than 450 mm.

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 2
STUDY AREA OF THE PROJECT

2.1 Introduction:
The study area comprises of the following :-
1 Four lane CC road from S.P. Police line to Mala Fatak railway crossing.
2 Drain after IHSDP Scheme drain at Purohit Ji ki Tapri to Chandresal road.
3 Drain along Chandresal road from Mala Fatak to chandresal Village.
4 Final disposal from Chandresal village to Chandresal river and through to
the Chambal river

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STUDY AREA AS PER MASTER PLAN

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TOTAL STATTION URVEY OF THE STUDY AREA (ENLARGED DWG ENCLOSED AT END)

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 STUDY AREA ON GOOGLE PLATFORM

The study area marked on Google Platform

The study area detailing as on Google platform is shown through various slides
as follows :

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2.2 Salient Features of Study Area

Master Plan Kota:

As per Kota Master Plan 2001-2023, the study area is a major part of Baran
Road Planning Zone. The total area lies north side of the Baran Road & finally
flows into Chandresal river in the north east direction.

Development in area:
As already proposed in Kota Master Plan 2023, Canal road from Borekheda to
Sogaria has been constructed.
S.P. Office Police line circle to Mala Fatak railway crossing fourlane cc road has
already been constructed .
Railway over bridge at Mala Fatak crossing is under construction.
After railway crossing road leads to Chandresal village construction activities
for road widening and drain along road are being done by UIT from Mala Fatak
to Mahatma Gandhi Colony.
After Mahatma Gandhi Colony (Rang Talab road Junction) drain along the
Chandresal road is not constructed and lying in its natural way.
On north side there is a village named Sogaria is situated nearby which
massive urbanization activities have started taking place.
Purohit Ji ki Tapari is a notified slum of Nagar Nigam in which a main drain of
has been constructed resently and after words private colonizers have started
developing authorized/Unauthorized colonies a main drain to discharge the out
flow of this area flows towards Chandresal road.

Population Density:
As per Kota Master Plan 2023, the area has started developing at very fast
growth rate area with population density of 100-151 people / acre. With the
proposed population density, the present & forecasted population of the study
area is:

Area 1250 Acre

Present Population density 40 person/Acre
Proposed Population density 125 person/Acre(average)
Present Population 50000
Forecast Population (2023) 150000

2.3 Need for the Project:

The study area lies in the northern sub-urban of Kota city & is developing at
faster rate. As discussed earlier, the area is mostly developed by private
Colonizes & Developers. This resulted in requirement of drainage
channelization of the area and its final discharge.

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 2.4 Bottlenecks:
Lack of Basic Infrastructural Facilities like Roads, Drains & Water
Supply
Lack of integration of Natural Drainage Network
Prevailing enchroachments in the flow path of natural drains
Disintegrated and Haphazard Development resulting
¾ Number of improper culverts.
¾ Irregular building line
¾ Non uniformity in natural drainage network.

2.5 Existing Situation of Drain:

The existing situation of the area and its drainage is shown in the enclosed
Google map and reconnaissance survey of the study area.

2.6 Rainfall:

The Kota is blessed with good annual rainfall. The monthly rainfall at Kota city
since 1957 is as:
TOTAL RAINFALL in mm
Rain
Total Gauge
Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec rainfall Station
1957 37.6 0 0 0 0 73.4 353.9 283.6 107.2 5.1 0 0 860.8 KOTA (A)
1958 4.1 0 0.8 0.8 0 28.1 417.2 195.6 249.8 0.6 2.6 0 899.6 KOTA (A)
Chambal
1959 0.1 0 3.1 1 13.6 80.6 296 404.8 36 5.4 0 0 840.6 Dam
Chambal
1960 0.1 0 3.1 1 13.6 80.6 296 404.8 36 5.4 0 0 840.6 Dam
Chambal
1961 24.4 0 0 0 7.3 13.2 336.8 201.1 707.4 18.2 3.3 2 1313.7 Dam
1962 0 0.2 0 3.2 1.6 0 346.9 276.6 166.9 0 1.2 1.8 798.4 KOTA (A)
1963 1.2 0 2.4 2.6 4.2 15.6 193.2 341.6 94.2 3.2 19.8 0 678 KOTA (A)
1964 0 0 0 0 39.9 87.5 172.3 278.9 64.8 0 0 0 643.4 KOTA (A)
1965 4.4 0 4.1 1.4 1.8 29.2 239.7 23.7 127.8 8.2 0 0 440.3 KOTA (A)
1966 0 0 34.4 0 0 118.9 229 382.6 149.8 0 0 7.8 922.5 KOTA (A)
1967 0 0 34.4 0 0 118.9 229 382.6 149.8 0 0 7.8 922.5 KOTA (A)
1968 0 0 13.6 0 2.6 1.8 305.9 273.7 8.2 0 0 0 605.8 KOTA (A)
1969 2.2 0 0 0 1.4 1.8 449.8 401.8 60.4 0 0.4 0 917.8 KOTA (A)
1970 13 13 3.4 0.2 3 165.5 234.4 320.8 109.5 8 0 0 870.8 KOTA (A)
1971 0 0 0 0 7.8 151 559.1 182.5 368.8 12 0 0 1281.2 KOTA (A)
1972 0 7.4 0.2 0 3.6 64.8 60.8 242.9 0 0 0 0 379.7 KOTA (A)
1973 0 0 0 0 3.6 16.6 446.6 212.7 123.6 22 0 3.2 828.3 KOTA (A)
1974 0 0 0 0 16.4 0 475.6 127.6 2.2 N.A. 0 0 621.8 KOTA (A)
1975 0 0 0 0 0 N.A. 46 330.2 74 0 0 0 450.2 KOTA (A)
1976 0 0 0 0 0 28 133 181 74 0 N.A. 0 416 KOTA (A)
1977 0 0 0 0 41.6 175.9 496.1 244.4 132.6 0 8 0 1098.6 KOTA (A)
1978 0 13.2 12.1 0.5 0 163.9 248.4 462.1 24.3 0 1 42.6 968.1 imd
1979 8.9 15.4 6.8 0 31.5 159.8 303.8 123.1 2.3 1.3 124 6.8 783.7 imd
1980 0 3 0.1 0 0.2 65.4 152.5 95 60.8 0 0 7.3 384.3 imd
1981 2.3 0 16 0 5 56.8 228.9 110.6 99.2 1.6 40.6 0 561 imd
1982 33.1 4.9 1.7 0.4 46.1 29.7 186.7 370.4 10.3 1.3 0 0 684.6 imd
1983 1.8 0 0 14.9 33.5 35 173.5 155.1 67.3 25.3 0 0 506.4 imd

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1984 8.4 0 0 0 0 13.5 103.9 273.8 209.4 0 0 0 609 airport
1985 0 0 8.6 2.1 3.4 22.6 167.6 304 40.8 0 0 2.6 551.7 airport
1986 5.1 71.5 1 0 23.8 41.8 499.7 217.2 2.7 0 0.5 0 863.3 airport
1987 12.4 0 0 0 0 71.6 68.8 184.8 61 58.2 0 33.8 490.6 ladpura
1988 12.2 0 2.9 2 1.2 144 291.1 166.6 146.4 31.2 0 0 797.6 KOTA (A)
1989 11 0 20.8 0 0.8 52 135.6 286.8 13.1 0 0 0 520.1 KOTA (A)
1990 0 19.6 0 0 20 131.5 137 179 94.1 0 0.4 0 581.6 KOTA (A)
1991 1.2 9 0 37.9 0 1.6 388.1 296.5 59 0 4 10.6 807.9 KOTA (A)
1992 0 0 0 0 12 11.8 139.4 246.5 159.3 109.9 6.8 0 685.7 KOTA (A)
1993 0 10 0 0 6 91.9 281.1 179.2 223.1 12.5 0 0 803.8 KOTA (A)
Chambal
1994 0 0 0 0 0 169 330.4 291.9 88.3 0 0 0 879.6 Dam
Chambal
1995 0 0 0 0 0 8 331.8 497.2 86 0 0 0 923 Dam
1996 0 1 6.2 3.2 4.8 19 267.4 381.6 98 0 0 0 781.2 ladpura
1997 0 0 0 0 0 41 218 344 50 0 0 0 653 KOTA (A)
1998 0 0 0 21.2 0 56 287 56.9 85.2 13 0 0 519.3 ladpura
1999 0 8.2 0 0 0 56.6 292.8 105.8 103.2 2 0 0 568.6 ladpura
2000 0 0 0 4.6 200.2 49.2 383.6 121.5 31 0 0 1.2 791.3 ladpura
2001 0 0 0 0.4 70.4 210.8 607.8 188 0 3.8 0 0 1081.2 ladpura
2002 0 59 0 0 1 70 55 221 55 0 0 2 463 ladpura
2003 3 30 0 16 5 57 209 119 79 0 0 7.5 525.5 ladpura
2004 3 0 0 0 4.5 38.5 65 422.3 9.7 29 0 0 572 ladpura
2005 0 0 9 2.4 6 30.6 370 40 0 0 0 0 458 ladpura
2006 0 0 15 0 7 107 144 235 170 1 0 0 679 ladpura
2007 0 26 5 0 0 135 401 110 119.5 0 0 4 800.5 ladpura
2008 0 0 3 24 17 197 197 187 79 0 8 0 712 ladpura
2009 0 0 0 0 0 46 393 126 32 19 32 0 648 ladpura
2010 0 1 0 0 0 19.4 160.6 204.7 130.3 0 54 1 571 ladpura
2011 0 15 0 0 12 381 140.1 275.6 144.3 0 0 0 968 ladpura
Avera
ge 3.4 5.6 3.8 2.5 12.2 74.7 266.9 241.3 99.6 7.4 5.7 2.6 724

The main season of rainfall starts from June & last till September (4 months).
This rainfall occurs in 4 months. The observed rainy days are:

TOTAL RAINY DAYS

Total
rainy
Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec days
1957 2 0 0 0 0 6 10 11 5 1 0 0 35
1958 1 0 0 0 0 4 14 13 10 0 1 0 43
1959 0 0 0 0 1 7 7 13 2 1 0 0 31
1960 0 0 0 0 1 7 7 13 2 1 0 0 31
1961 2 0 0 0 2 3 12 9 16 3 1 0 48
1962 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 12 9 0 0 0 33
1963 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 16 5 1 2 0 33
1964 0 0 0 0 3 3 11 14 3 0 0 0 34
1965 1 0 1 0 0 2 11 4 6 2 0 0 27
1966 0 0 3 0 0 6 7 15 11 0 0 1 43
1967 0 0 3 0 0 6 7 15 11 0 0 1 43
1968 0 0 1 0 1 0 14 12 1 0 0 0 29
1969 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 11 8 0 0 0 33
1970 2 1 1 0 0 5 7 13 7 1 0 0 37
1971 0 0 0 0 1 10 16 12 6 2 0 0 47
1972 0 1 0 0 1 7 4 15 0 0 0 0 28

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1973 0 0 0 0 0 1 12 15 10 1 0 0 39
1974 0 0 0 0 2 0 12 6 0 N.A. 0 0 20
1975 0 0 0 0 0 N.A. 3 8 4 0 0 0 15
1976 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 10 2 0 N.A. 0 20
1977 0 0 0 0 4 6 15 11 6 0 1 0 43
1978 0 2 1 0 0 7 14 17 1 0 0 1 43
1979 1 2 1 0 4 6 8 7 0 0 6 2 37
1980 0 0 0 0 0 6 9 7 2 0 0 1 25
1981 0 0 1 0 0 6 13 10 4 0 1 0 35
1982 2 0 0 0 1 4 10 17 1 0 0 0 35
1983 0 0 0 2 3 4 8 11 7 3 0 0 38
1984 1 0 0 0 0 3 5 12 4 0 0 0 25
1985 0 0 1 0 1 2 12 13 6 0 0 1 36
1986 1 3 0 0 2 4 14 9 0 0 0 0 33
1987 1 0 0 0 0 4 7 12 2 3 0 1 30
1988 1 0 1 0 0 6 15 11 6 2 0 0 42
1989 1 0 2 0 0 4 9 15 3 0 0 0 34
1990 0 3 0 0 2 5 9 10 9 0 0 0 38
1991 0 1 0 1 0 0 14 11 5 0 1 1 34
1992 0 0 0 0 1 2 9 12 5 4 1 0 34
1993 0 1 0 0 1 8 11 7 13 2 0 0 43
1994 0 0 0 0 0 6 14 15 5 0 0 0 40
1995 0 0 0 0 0 1 16 16 3 0 0 0 36
1996 0 0 1 1 1 2 13 16 9 0 0 0 43
1997 0 0 0 0 0 1 13 9 5 0 0 0 28
1998 0 0 0 1 0 6 9 6 7 1 0 0 30
1999 0 1 0 0 0 3 11 7 8 0 0 0 30
2000 0 0 0 1 4 2 9 6 2 0 0 0 24
2001 0 0 0 0 2 11 12 7 0 1 0 0 33
2002 0 1 0 0 0 4 3 10 3 0 0 0 21
2003 1 3 0 1 1 4 13 7 5 0 0 1 36
2004 1 0 0 0 1 4 5 14 1 2 0 0 28
2005 0 0 2 0 2 2 13 3 0 0 0 0 22
2006 0 0 2 0 2 5 9 13 5 0 0 0 36
2007 0 3 1 0 0 3 11 6 7 0 0 1 32
2008 0 0 0 2 2 8 10 9 5 0 1 0 37
2009 0 0 0 0 0 4 12 8 4 2 1 0 31
2010 0 0 0 0 0 2 8 18 6 0 6 0 40
2011 0 1 0 0 2 9 5 14 9 0 0 0 40
Avera
ge 0.33 0.42 0.40 0.16 0.87 4.17 10.20 11.15 5.02 0.61 0.41 0.20 33.84

Thus average rainfall of 724 mm occurs mainly in 34 rainy days.

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 CHAPTER-3
METHODOLOGY
Aims and Objectives
9 To Discharge Municipal Waste water
9 To cater storm water discharge for average rainfall intensity
9 Renovate existing drainage network if required
9 Improvement of cross drainage works.
9 Designing of branch & main drain network

Constraints & Limitations

1. Bed Level of Existing Drainage fixed at

¾ Mala Fatak railway crossing
¾ Drain bed level of the drain along canal road.
¾ Railway Bridge under pass at Chandresal village
¾ Junction point of Sogaria drain branch onto Chandresal road drain.

2. Restricted available Drain Width between Chandresal village to Railway

bridge
3. Water Treatment plant before discharging the drainage into river

Limitations:

Only ONE Outfall Drain is Available at Chandresal river.

Action Plan:

9 Total Station Survey along proposed drains.

9 Leveling of the road & drain network @ 30 m interval
9 Survey of the existing drainage infrastructure
9 Marking existing drain sections of the total station survey
map
9 Identification & marking the dead ends/breakages in the
drain network
9 Identification of Natural Drainage Channel
9 Organizing consultation meeting with line department
officers

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9 Organizing consultation meeting with the stakeholders
9 Identification of missing links
9 Estimation of average & maximum flood discharge
9 Estimation of waste water discharge
9 Proposing the missing links
9 Strengthening/rehabilitation of existing natural drainage
9 Incorporation of suggestions/feedbacks after consultation
meeting
9 Identification & survey of natural outfall
9 Preparing engineering proposal/estimates for providing
drainage based on average rainfall intensity
9 Determination of detention time & accordingly critical
rainfall intensity
9 Preparing engineering design & drawings
9 Preparing engineering estimates for the works
9 Phasing the programme for implementation
9 Preparing tender documents
9 Bidding for execution of the proposal

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 CHAPTER-4
CONCEPTUAL PLAN
Based upon design methodology given at Chapter 1,
Peak flood discharge can be estimated through rational formula:

For smaller water bodies not exceeding 50 Sq Km, rational method is widely
used for estimating peak runoff rates. The formulae is:
Q = 0.028 P A Ic 1
Where Q Designed peak runoff in cumecs
P Coefficient of runoff for catchment characteristics
A Catchment are in Heactres
Ic Critical rainfall intensity in cm per hour for the selected
frequency & duration

Runoff coefficient for the whole can be derived after ascertaining or

estimating the proportions of various surface to the hole area. SP 50 also
suggested some common figures for coefficient of runoff as under:
SN Description of surface Coefficient of
runoff (P)
1 Most densely built up area 0.7 to 0.9
2 For adjoining area to built up areas 0.5 to 0.7
3 Residential areas 0.25 to 0.5
4 Sub urban areas with few building 0.10 to 0.25
Critical rainfall intensity Ic can be derived after computation time of
concentration from:
Ic = 0.87 (L3)0.385 2
H
Where Ic = Time of concentration in hours
L = Length of critical point to the drain in Km
H = Fall level from remote point to drain level in meters

Taking critical rainfall intensity rquals to rainfall of duration equal to

time of concentration, critical rainfall intensity can be derived from:

i= F (T+1) 3
T (t+1)
Where

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 i = intensity of rainfall within a shorter period of ‘t’ hours within a storm
F = Total rainfall in storm in cm falling in duration of storm of T hours
t = Smaller time interval in hours within the storm duration of T hours

Thus after calculating time of concentration from formula at 2, critical rainfall

intensity can be determined from formula at 3, thus peak rainfall intensity can
be known from formula 1.

However, as given in Tables at Chapter 2, the rainfall data of 24 hours

duration is generally recorded. The rainfall intensity cannot be
determined from daily rainfall data, hence it is submitted to use
following formula to derive peak runoff discharges:

a. Internal drains 0.177 m3/Ha 1cft/acre

b. Intercepting drains 0.132 m3/Ha 0.75cft/acre
c. Main drains 0.088 m3/Ha 0.5 cft/acre

Based upon above formula, peak runoff discharges is determined

thereafter hydraulic design is done through Mannings formula..
Capacity of drain is normally designed by Mannings Formulae

Q = (1/n) A R2/3 S1/2

Where Q Discharge in cumecs
n Mannings rugosity coefficient
A Flow area in sqm
R Hydraulic mean depth in m = A/P
P Wetted perimeter in m
S Gradient of drain bed
The mannings rugosity coefficient ‘n’ may be estimated as:
SN Description of surface Value of n
1 Brick pitched drain 0.017
2 Plastered brick surface 0.015
3 Plastered brick surface with neat cement finish 0.013
4 Concrete pipes upto 600 mm dia 0.015
5 Concrete pipes above 600 mm dia 0.013
6 Dry rubble masonry 0.033
7 Dry stone pitching 0.020
8 Kutcha drain 0.025

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Disposal of waste water/Strom water:

As the area has only one outfall through natural drainage that too passing
through heavily populated area with lot of encroachment in the drain, it is not
possible to cater for the peak rainfall intensity. Besides, limited natural
drainage, following reasons also contributes to the inadequate drainage
capacity of the area:

• Hazarpd colony development

• Area still in the developing stage
• Surrounded by agricultural area.
• Inadequate road network
• Unplanned

These factors limits the drainage disposal capacity of the area. Hence, it is
proposed to provide drainage system for average rainfall intensity and during
peak rainfall, flood detention time of duration 2 to 3 hours may be resulted.

Besides engineering factors, these factors are mostly due to socio-economic

culture of the area. Engineering factors can be addressed through designs
while socio-economic factors requires social mobilization.
Hence, to incorporate these following drain sections parameters are proposed
to be adopted:

¾ Minimum bed width of 0.3 m to ease cleaning

¾ Maximum available slope be maintained
¾ Provisions for renovation of existing drains be taken
¾ Stone masonry drain walls
¾ Katla bed to prevent scouring
¾ Plastered walls to prevent seepage
¾ DPC at top of walls to protect masonry
¾ Suitable ferro cement covers at suitable places to prevent any miss
happening
¾ Open Main drain to ease cleaning
¾ Maximum available width be adopted
¾ Bed levels at Railway crossing, canal aqueduct, by pass road be
maintained to avoid any rehabilitation of these structures
¾ Drain lining in maximum available width till its disposal at safe
levels/drainage

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Zoning of the Project Area:

The study area comprises of the following :-

1 Four lane CC road from S.P. Police line to Mala Fatak railway crossing.
2 Drain after IHSDP Scheme drain at Purohit Ji ki Tapri to Chandresal road.
3 Drain along Chandresal road from Mala Fatak to chandresal Village.
4 Final disposal from Chandresal village to Chandresal river and through to
the Chambal river

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Existing Drainage
The drainage network & ground profile is enclosed at Annexure I

Drains Section proposed:

Following storm water drain sections are proposed for preliminary estimations:

Construction of missing link near Army Public School

RCC Drain with varying sections
Channelization/lining of drains
Construction of culverts at selected reaches

The drain sections with engineering details are given at ANNEXURE II

Zone wise Drain network:

Zone 1: Four lane CC road from S.P. Police line to Mala Fatak railway crossing

Under this zone, it is proposed to built RCC drain on both sides of Roads from
SP Office circle to Mal Phatak ROB junction. The drain of 1.5m width & 2.0 m
depth is suggested. The drain encounters about 10 nos culverst along both
side. Hence, the abstract drain requirement of Zone 1 is:

Status of existing Drainage

The drains of size 2X1.75 m & 0.9 X 1.6 m is constructed in front of Army
Public School. The linkage from SP Office to APS is missing. The condition of
existing drainage is as under:

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Existing Drain in front of APS

Under construction Box Drain Incomplete drain in front of APS

Thus the storm water drain requirement in this Zone is as under:

RCC open Drain 2.0m X 1.75 m 800+860=1660 m

Linkage drain in along APS 800+200 =1000 m

Zone: 2 Drain after IHSDP Scheme drain at Purohit Ji ki Tapri to Chandresal

road.

The existing condition of drainage system is as under:

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 Existing Drain in Zone 2

Existing & Proposed Drain in Zone 2 near Rang Talab (Guru Govid Vihar)

Drain after purohit ji ke Tapri (village sogaria) to Node 4 i.e. junction with main
drain in RCC open drain 3.5 X3.5 mm in length of 2225 m & 10 nos culverts
are also proposed.

The abstract storm water drain requirement in Zone 2 is as under:

RCC Drain 4 X3.5 m (extension of SP office drain) 2500 m

From Guru Govind Vihar to main drain junction RCC 3.5X3.5 m 2220 m
Renovation/new culverts 10 nos

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Zone 3: Drain below Sogaria to Chandresal

Presently in this area mainly agriculture practices are being in operation. In

future , this area may /will be developed as township.
Hence, presently, only drain channelization is proposed.

The length of drain channelization is in the width of 5.0 m to cater future needs
also. The length of this channelization will be 5000 m. The drain will encounter
around 5 nos culverts.

Zone 4: Final disposal from Chandresal village to Chandresal river and through
to the Chambal river
The existing condition of drainage in Zone 4 is:

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31
•

•
•

32
 •
• Final Disposal Point

In Zone 4: The RCC drains of size 4.5X3.35 m is proposed upto junction

point thereafter, this drain is enlarged into RCC drain of size 4.5X4.5m. The
lengths of drain are 1300 & 2100 m respectively. The drain also encounter 5
nos culverts which needs rehabilitation/new construction.

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 The ABSTRACT of Drain Proposal is as under:

SN Drain Classification Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 Total

Length
m m m m m
MAIN DRAINS
1 RCC Open drain 0.6X 1.75 m 1000 1000
2 RCC Open drain 2 X 1.75 m 1660 1660
3 RCC Open Drain 3.5X3.5 m 2220 2220
4 RCC Open Drain 4 X 3.5 m 2500 2500
5 RCC Open Drain 4.5 X 3.5 m 1300 1300
6 RCC Open Drain 4.5 X 4.5 m 2100 2100
7 Channelization 5000 5000
8 Culverts 3.0 m span 1 1
9 Culverts 5.0 m span 3 10 13
RENOVATION OF EXISTING 500 2000 - - 2500
DRAIN (LS)

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 CHAPTER-5
PRILIMINARY ESTIMATES AND PROJECT COST

5.1 Basis of Estimation:

The estimates are based upon RUIDP BSR of the year 2011, To bring
it to price level, extra @ 12.48 % is considered & 4.5% contingencies
charges have been considered.

Accordingly following estimates were prepared

1 Renovation & Grade improvement of Existing Drainage Network

2 RCC Open drain 0.6X 1.75 m
3 RCC Open drain 2 X 1.75 m
4 RCC Open Drain 3.5X3.5 m
5 RCC Open Drain 4X3.5 m
6 RCC Open Drain 4.5X3.5 m
7 RCC Open Drain 4.5X4.5 m
7 Channelization
8 Culverts 3.0 m span
9 Culverts 5.0 m span

5.2 Engineering Estimates: The engineering estimates are enclosed at

ANNEXURE III

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5.3 Abstract of Cost:

Component and Zone wise quantification has been done for the purpose of
project estimation and they are summarized as below.

Abstract for Lateral and collector drains

ABSTRACT OF PROPOSAL- Drainage Master Plan Chandrasal

Rates as per RUIDP BSR of 2011
SN Drain Classification Zone Zone Zon Zone Total Rate Unit Amount
1 2 e3 4 Length
m m m m m Lacs/Km Lacs

1 RENOVATION OF 500 2000 2500 11.06 per 27.65

EXISTING DRAIN Km
MAIN DRAINS
2 RCC Drain 0.6 X 1.75 1000 1000 108.22 per 108.22
m Km
3 RCC Drain 2 X1.75 m 1660 1660 142.14 per 235.95
Km
4 RCC Drain 3.5 X 3.5 m 2220 2220 539.75 per 1198.25
Km
5 RCC Drain 4 X 3.5 m 2500 2500 562.87 per 1407.18
Km
6 RCC Drain 4.5 X 3.5 m 1300 1300 584.96 per 760.45
Km
7 RCC Drain 4.5 X 4.5 m 2100 2100 677.13 per 1421.97
Km
8 Channelization 5000 5000 139.9 per 699.50
Km
9 Culverts 3.0 m span 1 1 4.45 per 4.45
nos
10 Culverts 5.0 m span 3 10 13 7.06 per 91.78
nos
TOTAL in Lacs 5955.39
Say in Lacs 5956.00

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