s enjoy, hate*, like*, love*, DISLIKES (not) mind, prefer* IDEAS AND admit, consider, imagine, look forward to, OPINIONS recommend, suggest, mention, miss, risk, discuss,tolerate ACTIONS THAT begin*, continue*, delay, give up, start*, START, STOP stop*, finish, keep, practise, put off, spend, AND CONTINUE postpone OTHERS avoid, can’t help, deny, involve, stand Go+-ing form We sometimes use go+-ing form to talk about doing sports and other activities. We usually use go+-ing where there is a verb for the activity surf-go surfing Gerunds are used after prepositions eg. I’m good at painting.
Gerunds are used as subject or the
object of the sentence Eg. Smoking is bad for your health. My job involves doing a lot of hours. Verbs and expressions followed by infinitive COMMON VERBS
MENTAL STATES OR agree, choose, decide,
ACTIVITIY forget*,remember *,want, wish FUTURE aim, arrange, expect, hope, ARRANGEMENTS offer, plan, prepare, promise, refuse, threaten APPEARANCE appear, pretend, seem, tend OTHER attempt,can’t /can afford, ask, deserve, fail, offer, try* *These verbs can also be followed by an –ing form with a difference in meaning Verbs followed by infinitive • After verbs and expressions such as ask, learn, find out, wonder, want to know, decide, explain+ a question word who, what, how, where,etc Adjectives are commonly followed by infinitives
He’ll be surprised to know the news.
I was disappointed to hear that you didn’t pass It isn’t easy to learn a new language Some verbs can be followed by a gerund or an infinitive with little difference in meaning. Like, love, hate, prefer . The gerund is more common when you are talking generally, and the infinitive when you are talking about a specific occasion. I like going to the dentist. I like to go to the dentist once a year. VERBS THAT CAN BE FOLLOWED BY EITHER INFINITIVE OR GERUND WITHOUT A CHANGE IN MEANING • Start eg: She started to paint/painting • Begin eg: I began doing/to do it last night. • Finish eg: She has already finished to do/doing the washing up • Continue eg: the population of poor countries continues raising/to raise • Intend eg:The school intends not opening/not to open the library next year Infinitive or –ing form with different meanings VERB +-ING FORM +TO+INFINITIVE Forget For an event or situation in the past For something you should do/should have /remember I’ll never forget riding my first bike. done Do you remember learning to ride? Don’t forget to phone him. Remember to do your homework Go on Continue an activity Change from one action to another. They stopped but we went on walking After a slow start, she went on to win the race Regret Feel sorry about something you Say sorry, particularly in formal letters did/didn’t do We regret to inform you that you have not I regret not studying harder at school been called for the interview stop Finish an action Finish an action in order to do something else Have you stopped doing your No, I stopped to have a glass of water homework? Try Do something as an experiment Attempt to do something difficult Try turning it off and on again I’m not an electrician, but I’ll try to mend it. Exercise 1 Exercise 2 Exercise 3