Professional Documents
Culture Documents
c) I have got to/ have to see a doctor this 3. Why the girl still
R. Lakshmi
evening = Ñ ≤ƒßª’çvûªç ؈’doctor †’ sat there?
Q. Sir, Go, Come © ûª®Ω’-¢√ûª
participle ´Ææ’hç-ü¿E äéπ ví¬´’®˝ îª÷ú≈L. (Ø√ Å´-Ææ®Ωç) 4. Why did the girl
•’é˙™ îªC-¢√†’. üΔE v°æ鬮Ωç I DEéÀ past tense, had got to/ had to (í∫ûªç™ still sit there?
am going telling you a new
NCμ/ Å´-Ææ®Ωç) 5. With whom did
lesson ņúøç éπÈ®-ÍédØ√? Q. We have got to get the horse. the girl travel?
A. There are two participles - 1) The present par- A.
6. With whom the
DEéÀ èπÿú≈ °j† îÁ°œp† Å®Ωn¢Ë’ ´Ææ’hçC éπüΔ? (Ç
ticiple - The '...ing' form - coming, going, etc. í∫’v®√Eo ûÁa-éÓ-¢√L ´’†ç) girl travelled?
2) The past participle - formed mostly by Q. "Who said anything about stealing a horse?" V V Ramakrishna, Rajahmundry
A.
he said. "Any how" I said.
1. á´®Ω’ -Ç Å´÷t-®·E îËûª’™xÈéûª’h-èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’?
adding '-ed' (talked, raided), '-d' (Raised, Q. Sir, éÌEo ÆæçüË-£æ…-©†’ B®Ωa-í∫-©®Ω’.
loved, etc.) or '-t' (smelt, learnt, etc), and some A. í∫’v®√Eo üÌçT-Lç-*† N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo í∫’Jç* á´-®ΩØ√o 2. Ç Å´÷t®· á´Jo îËûª’-™x-Èé-ûª’h-èπ◊çC?
3. ÉC question í¬ ûª°æ¤p. Åçõ‰ question É™« Secular India has undergone several convul-
times irregularly (sung, given, taught, etc) à´’Ø√o ÅØ√o®√? ÅØ√o-úø-ûªúø’. 'àüË-´’-®·Ø√—
Öçúøü¿’. Why the girl still sat there = Ç sions during the past 60 years, so much so
Ææçü¿-®√s¥-Eo-•öÀd, go, come ûª®√yûª present/ past ÅØ√o†’ ؈’.
that doubts about its survival were enter-
participle Q. But if we are foundout, that's what you are Å´÷t®· Éçé¬ Åéπ\-úÁç-ü¿’èπ◊ èπÿ®Ω’açüÓ.... ÉC
tained by many.
´Ææ’hçC. ÅçûË-é¬E á°æ¤púø÷ ®√ü¿’.
eg: i) He came running to say. I don't want both of us to be liars. äéπ sentence ™ (question é¬ü¿’) ¶μ«í∫ç
(came + running - present participle) A. ´’†ç üÌJ-éÀûË (¢√∞¡Ÿx ´’†Lo °æô’d-èπ◊çõ‰) †’´¤y 鬴a. äéπ ¢Ë’í∫-ñ„j-Ø˛™ îªC-N† °j ¢√éπuç™ has under-
Why the girl still sat there I don't know = gone ÖçC. 鬕öÀd, are entertained by many
ii) They go satisfied (go + satisfied - past îÁ§ƒp-Lq† N≠æߪ’ç ÅD. ´’†ç Éü¿l®Ωç Å•-üΔl¥©’
participle) îÁÊ°p-¢√-∞¡Ÿxí¬ Å´úøç Ø√éÀ-≠dçæ -™‰ü¿’. I don't know why the girl still sat there = ÅE Öçú≈L éπüΔ.
Q. Nevertheless, I hoped in time to learn to ride A. O’®Ω’ -ûÁ-L°œ† sentence ™ '.... were enter-
Å®·ûË, Ñ participles go, come ûª®√yûªØË Ç Å´÷t®· Åéπ\úø Éçé¬ áçü¿’èπ◊ èπÿ®Ω’açüÓ
tained' ûª°æ¤p-é¬ü¿’. Å™« ÅE ÆæÈ®j† sentence ÅF
é¬èπ◊çú≈ à verb ûª®√yûª®·Ø√ ®√´îª’a. Å®·Ø√ the way my cousin rode. Ø√èπ◊ -ûÁ-L-ߪ’ü¿’.
àç îÁ§ƒpL/ ®√ߪ÷-©-†’-èπ◊çD clear í¬ Öçõ‰, A. Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ/ é¬F, 鬩véπ¢Ë’ù« ؈÷ ´÷ cousin 4. Ç Å´÷t®· Åéπ\úø Éçé¬ áçü¿’èπ◊ èπÿ®Ω’açC? éπ*a-ûªçí¬ îÁ°æp™‰ç.
É™«çöÀ ÆæçüË-£æ…©’ ®√´¤. ™« ≤ƒyK -îË-ߪ’-úøç -ØË®Ω’aéÓ-¢√-©-E (Åçûª-ØË®Ω’p Ææç-§ƒ- (í∫ûªç™) – ÉC question. 'so much so,' 'so' ™«í∫ conjunction. When two
Cç-î√-©-E) -Ç-Pç-î√-†’. clauses are joined by a conjunction, the
tenses of the verbs in these clauses can be
As a token of my gratitude
Belt Shops.
Q. Natty Boy
A. Natty Boy = Neat and fashionable îªéπ\í¬
¨¡Ÿv¶μºçí¬ ´·≤ƒh-¶„j† èπ◊v®√úø’.
Q. Lady luck. Q. E®Ω’-üÓu-TE unemployee ņ-èπÿ-úøüΔ?
A. Be/ to be = am/ is/ are; was/ were; 'be'
*´®Ω A. Åü¿%-≠d-üæ Ë-´ûª. A. E®Ω’-üÓuT = Unemployed; unemployee é¬ü¿’.
verbs (shall be, should be, can be, etc),
-Ççí∫x-¶μ«-≠æ-ù 591
ÖçúË
Q. Lady love Q. éÌ•s-J-¶ç-ú≈熒 ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ à´’ç-ö«®Ω’?
*´®Ω been ´îËaverbs, (have been, has
been, would have been could have been, A. (Lady love- Old fashioned.
vʰߪ’Æœ A. Coconut.
tle the dispute amicably he Modern expressions- Love = the
etc)- É´Fo 'be/ to be' NNüμ¿ ®Ω÷§ƒ©’. OöÀ Q. Cab service
offered Rs. 10,000 to the party".
Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ?
past participle girl a man loves; lover = A man/
°æéπ\† ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ®√¢√-©E ™‰ü¿’.
Why they didn't use 'ing' form A. Taxi Service (Cab = Taxi)
Noun, adjective, present participle (... ing boy a girl loves)
after this phrase? Is there any M.SURESAN Q. 1 E Single ÅE, 2 †’ Double ÅE, 3 †’
form) Q. éÀçC °æüΔ-©èπ◊ Å®√n-©†’ ÖüΔ-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓ Triple
™«çöÀ¢Ë¢Á’iØ√ ®√´îª’a. O’®Ω’ ûÁ-©-§ƒ-©-†’-èπ◊ØË exception? Please clarify. ÅE Åçö«ç éπüΔ? ´’J 4, 5, 6 ûªC-
¶μ«¢√Eo •öÀd ÅÆæ©’ O’®Ω’ English ´÷ö«x-ú≈-©-†’- ûÁ©-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
A. It should have been, "with a view to settling ûª®√©†’ à´’ç-ö«®Ω’?
Comes under the scanner
the dispute..", and not "with a view to settle
èπ◊Ø√o, ®√ߪ÷-©-†’-èπ◊Ø√o Ñ Ç™-îª-†-©Fo ņ-´- A. 4 È®ô’x = Quintuple
Ææ®Ω¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈, O’ free flow of speech/ writing the dispute". Phrasal verbs like, with a view A. EPûªçí¬ °æJ-Q-Lç°æ/ °æK-éÀ~ç-°æ-•-úøôç 5 È®ô’x = Pentuple
(üμΔ®√∞¡çí¬ ´÷ö«x-ú≈f-EéÃ/ ®√ÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊) ÅúøfçéÀ to, object to, looking forward to (That is, Q. Albeit
phrasal verbs ending with the preposition 6 È®ô’x = Sextuple
A. Although (Albeit old fashioned)
èπÿú≈. ´÷ö«xúËô°æ¤púø’, ®√ÊÆ-°æ¤púø’, àç îÁ§ƒp-L/
®√ߪ÷-©-†’-èπ◊-†oD ´uéπh-°æ-®Ω-îªçúÕ. Ñ Ç™-îª-†©’ 'to') should be followed by a noun or an Q. Sit up Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç GçT∞¡Ÿx ÅØËØ√?
Q. Galore
°ô’d-èπ◊E, ´’†ç 'be' form ûª®√yûª noun ¢√-úø’-ûª’- ...'ing' form and not by the to + 1st Regular A. Å´¤†’. éÌEo îÓôx í∫’ç@©’ Åçö«®Ω’.
doing word (V ) form. A. Galore =
Ø√o´÷, objective/ PP/ ...ing form ¢√-úø’- 1
áèπ◊\´ Ææçêu™ Öçúøôç Q. Aerobics ÅØ√o, ßÁ÷í¬ ÅØ√o äéπ-õ‰Ø√?
Q. What methods to be followed for Nursery, Q. Take the backseat
ûª’Ø√o´÷, ÅE Ç™-*Ææ÷h ¶μ«¢√Eo ´uéπh-°æ-®Ω-îª®Ω’ A. Aerobics = £æ«%ü¿ßª’ç, Ü°œ-J-A-ûª’h-©†’ •™-Ê°ûªç
éπüΔ? O’®Ω’ ûÁ©’í∫’ ´÷ö«xúË°æ¤úø’ à verb (véÀߪ’) LKG, UKG kids to acquire quick response A. v§ƒ´·êuç éÓ™p-´úøç
and mention some teaching tools for them. Q. Take the centre stage
îËÊÆ ¢√uߪ÷´’ç.
ûª®√yûª à part of speech ´Ææ’hçüÓ Ç™-*Ææ÷h Q. ´’† ü˨¡ç™ °‘@E áç.á., áç.á-ÆˇÆ œ. Åçö«®Ω’
A. First of all, make them talk. Make them prac-
´÷ö«xú≈h®√? A. éπüΔ? NüË-¨»™x °‘@E MS Åçö«®Ω’. üΔE
tice simple and short sentences like.. 'this is
v§ƒ´·êuç §Òçü¿úøç.
O’®Ω’ í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓ-¢√-LqçC– 'be' form ûª®√yûª, a pen', etc. That's for a beginning. No space M. Anjaneyulu & K. Nageswara Rao, Abbreviation ûÁ©-°æ-í∫-©®√?
O’®Ω’ °jéÀ ûÁ-L°œ† 'be' forms ûÓ O-™„j-†Eo sen- here to explain it in full. Molagavalli, Kurnool (Dt.). A. ´’†ç M.Sc ™ Sc E Science èπ◊ abbreviation
tences ®√ߪ’çúÕ. ¢√öÀ™ x 'be' forms ûª®√yûª part
participle ´÷vûª¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈ ᙫ Éûª®Ω °æüΔ©’ C.G.Rao, Visakhapatnam. Q. Love ! When you come with the burning í¬ ¢√úÕûË, NüË-¨»™x S ¢√-úø-û√®Ω’. Åçü¿’-éπE M.Sc
èπÿú≈ ¢√úø-´îÓa ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC. Å™«Íí have/ hasûÓ Q. éÀçC ¢√öÀéÀ Å®√n™x ûËú≈-©†’ ûÁ©-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. lamp of pain in your hand, I can see your (Master of Science) in India = M.S. in
èπÿú≈ ¢√é¬u©’ îËÆœ îª÷úøçúÕ. O’ v°æ¨¡oèπ◊ A sikh 'devotee' & A 'devout' sikh. face and know you as bliss. America.
Ææ´÷üμΔ†ç O’Íé ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC. A. Sikh devotee = A devout sikh; but 'a devout DEéÀ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®Ωnç ûÁ©-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. Q. éπLç-í∫®Ω é¬ßª’†’ watermelon Åçö«®Ω’. ´’J
'Be' form ûª®√yûª past participle ´ÊÆh verb, sikh' is more religious than 'a sikh devotee'. A. vʰߪ’Æ‘, ¶«üμ¿ ÅØË ¢Á©’-í∫’-ûª’†o D°æçûÓ †’´¤y éπ®Ω÷s¥ï °æçúø’†’ à´’ç-ö«®Ω’?
passive voice Å´¤-ûª’çC. Å°æ¤p-úøC ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Q. Recite & Recite from memory. ´*a-†-°æ¤púø’, F ¢Á·£æ«ç îª÷Æœ, E†’o 'džçü¿ç— A. Melon
'•úø’—, '•úøôç— ÅØË Å®√n©-ûÓ -Öçô’çC. A. Recite = read from memory. ®Ω÷°æçí¬ í∫’Jh-≤ƒh†’. Q. Intake Åçõ‰?
This song is sung at our school everyday. Recite from memory is not correct, as recite A. ™°æ-LéÀ ¢Á∞ÏxC – ´’†ç BÆæ’-èπ◊ØË Ç£æ…®Ωç; äéπ
it self means to read from memory. A.V. Subbarao, Onipenta, Kadapa(dt.)
Ñ sentence verb - is sung - is - be
™ •úÕ™ îË®Ω’a-éÓ-í∫© °œ©x© Ææçêu, etc.
form + sung - past participle of sing - Q. Renamed & Rechristened Q. Sir
Q. °Rx-îª÷-°æ¤-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ à´’ç-ö«®Ω’?
Ééπ\úø éÀçC-¢√-öÀéÀ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®√n©’ ûÁ©-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
verb, 'be' form + part participle verb A. Renamed = Rechristened
A. English ™ ™‰ü¿’.
鬕öÀd, 'v°æï-©-îËûª, v°æï© éÌ®Ωèπ◊, v°æï© ´©x—
passive voice™ ÖçC. Sentence Å®Ωnç: v°æA Q. Address (an issue) & Solve (an issue). A. Of the people, by the people, for the people.
A. Address an issue = Try to solve a problem. Q. Vote on account Budget Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ?
®ÓW Ç §ƒô Ææ÷\™x §ƒúø-•-úø’-ûª’çC (is sung) Q. áèπ◊\´ Æœí∫-È®ô’x û√Íí-¢√-JE chainsmoker
ÉüË Active voice ™ Å®·ûË, We (The stu- Solve = Find a solution to a problem. A. Budget †’ ¨»Ææ-†-Ææ¶μº/ §ƒ®Ωx-¢Á’ç-ö¸™ v°æ¢Ë-¨¡-°-ôd-
Q. Determine & resolve
Åçö«®Ω’ éπüΔ? Å™«Íí áèπ◊\-´í¬ ´’ü¿uç û√Íí-¢√-JE
dents) sing this song at our school every day à´’ç-ö«®Ω’? ™‰E °æJ-Æœn-A™ û√û√\-L-éπçí¬ v°æ¢Ë-¨¡-°õ‰d ï´÷-ê-
= A. Determine = resolve ®Ω’a© °æü¿’l.
A. Chainsmoker Åçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ Æœí∫-È®ô’x û√Íí-¢√-®ΩE
v°æA-®ÓW Ñ §ƒô†’ ¢Ë’ç (NüΔu-®Ω’n©’)
school ™ §ƒ-úø-û√ç: ÅE ´Ææ’hçC. Q. éÀçC ´÷ô-©†’ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ ņ’-´-Cç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. Q. §ƒ´· èπ◊•’Ææç.
A veteran actor
é¬ü¿’; Åçûª-éπØ√o Éçé¬ áèπ◊\´ – N®√´’ç É´y- A. Hood.
Many have seen the movie (Active Voice-
Verb: have seen) = The movie has been A. î√™« ņ’-¶μº-´-Vc-úÁj† †ô’úø’. èπ◊çú≈, Æœí∫-È®ö¸ ¢Áçô, Æœí∫-È®ö¸ ´·öÀdç--èπ◊E û√Íí-
Q. As a token of gratitude.
seen by many. Q. A veteran cars ¢√∞¡Ÿx.
E®Ωç-ûª-®√-ߪ’çí¬ ´’ü¿uç û√Íí¢√®Ω’ – always on A. As a token of my gratitude.
Active Voice A. A Vintage car = A veteran car = Car made
Q. Hobby, Habit
Å®Ωnç: î√™«-´’çC Ç ÆœE´÷
Passive Voice
îª÷¨»®Ω’. Å®Ωnç: Ç ÆœE´÷ î√™«- during the period 1917-1930 and known for the horse/ boozer/ sponge. Ñ È®çöÀ ´’üμΔu ûËú≈ àN’öÀ?
its style and interest it creates because of its Q. L.K.G., U.K.G. éÀ ´·çü¿’ Nursery †’ç* A. Hobby = BJéπ Ææ´’-ߪ÷™x ´’† Ææ®ΩüΔ éÓÆæç îËÊÆ-
´’çCîË îª÷úø-•-úÕçC.
age; generally a car of the distance past and
-´’-J-Eo -N-´®√-©éÓÆæç Website -™ -Ö-†o -§ƒ-ûª is known for its style.
Åçö«®Ω’. ¢Ë’ç îªC-¢Ë-ô-°æ¤púø’ Å™« ™‰üË? °æE. BJéπ Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™E ¢√u°æéπç.
-¢√u≤ƒ-©’ îª÷úøçúÕ. Kinder garten Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? Habit = Å©-¢√ô’.
(Ç °æ¤Ææhéπç é¬Ææh É≤ƒh®√?) Åçûªö« Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-îª-´î√a? ÅN Åçü¿-Jéà ŮΩnç S.Md. Ghouse Mohiuddin, Kadapa
ÅFo Gerunds.
Å´¤-û√ߪ÷? 2) I have gone to Delhi - WRONG - Have
b: By all means Q.
6. I could walk Åçõ‰ †úø-´-í∫-L-í¬†’/ †úø-´-í∫-LÍí éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©†’ Ççí∫xç™éÀ ņ’--´-Cç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. gone/ has gone - ¢Á∞«x®Ω’/ ¢Á∞«xç/ ¢Á-∞«x†’/
(ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈/ E®Ω¶μºuçûª®Ωçí¬) É≤ƒh†’. ¢√úÕE/ †úÕîË ¢√úÕE (used to) OöÀ™ àC 1) ¢Á©x-éÀ™« °æúø’éÓ ¢Á∞«xúø’/ ¢ÁRxçC.
By no means = é¬ØËé¬ü¿’/ àNüμ¿çí¬†÷ é¬ü¿’. I have gone to Delhi =
Correct? 2) ¶®Ωx °æúø’éÓ Øˆ’ úμÕMx ¢Á∞«x†’.
He is by no means my friend = Ø√éπûªúø’
7. I would go Future & Regular
ÅØËC Íé´©ç 3) é¬∞¡Ÿx î√°æ¤ (Åçõ‰ ØËE-°æ¤púø’ úμÕMxéÀ ¢Á∞¡⁄h Å®·Ø√ Öçú≈L,
& willing actions
àNüμ¿çí¬†÷ ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’úø’ é¬ü¿’. Íé ¢√úø-û√-®ΩE ûÁ©’Ææ’. 4) é¬∞¡Ÿx ´·úø’éÓ úμÕMx îË®Ω-®·Ø√ Öçú≈L ÅE éπüΔ? Ñ °æJ-Æœn-A™
3. Failing which = Å™« ï®Ω-éπ\-§ÚûË/ ™‰éπ-§ÚûË Å®·ûË O’®Ω’ éÌEo Lessons Past tense
™ úμÕMxéÀ ¢ÁRx† N≠æߪ’ç á´®Óh îÁ°æp-í∫©ç? ¢ÁRx,
Pay the amount by next month, failing
5) ´·êu-´’çvA •Ææ’q v°æ´÷-ü¿ç™ í¬ßª’-°æ-úÕ†
e.g. :
éÀ èπÿú≈ ¢√ú≈®Ω’. ¢Á∞Ïx ¢√úÕE/ ¢Á∞¡⁄hçúË v°æߪ÷-ùÀ-èπ◊-©†’ °æ®√-´’Jzçî√®Ω’. AJT ´*a† ûª®√yûË í∫üΔ îÁ°æp-í∫©ç. Åçü¿’-éπE
which I will take action against her = ´îËa ¢√úÕE (used to) I/ WeûÓ have gone ÅE ¢√úøç. I have been
ØÁ©-™í¬ úø•’s îÁLxç. ™‰éπ-§ÚûË (Å™« ï®Ω-éπ\- 8. O’®Ω’ îª÷ÊÆ Öçö«®Ω’/ NØË Öçö«®Ω’ ÅØË
6) F´¤ î√™«-é¬©ç †’ç* éπE-°œç-îª-™‰ü¿’. to Delhi/ We have been to Delhi ÅØË
§ÚûË) ؈’ Ωu BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ö«†’. Å®ΩnçûÓ you would have seen/ heard ÅE 7) F´¤ Éçûª-鬩ç áéπ\-úÕéÀ ¢Á∞«x´¤? Åçö«ç. Å™«Íí Have you gone to Delhi?
4. As many as = ÅFo/ Åçûª-´’çC ¢√úø’-ûª’ç-ö«®Ω’. ÅC éπÈ®-ÍédØ√? é¬éπ-§ÚûË á™« 8) F´¤ F-úø´¤ ņç. Have you been to Delhi? Åçö«ç.
A. 1. Lie supine/ on your back.
(Ǩ¡a®Ωuç ´uéπhç îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç) îÁ§ƒpL. Å™«Íí O’èπ◊ ûÁLÊÆ Öçô’çC ÅØË í∫´’-Eéπ: Ñ ØÁ© 21´ ûËD† Spoken English
As many as 100 people lost their lives = Å®Ωnç™ You would have known ÅE 2. Lie prostrate/ on your stomach. Ææ´÷-üμΔ-Ø√™x §ƒ´· èπ◊•’≤ƒ-Eo Hood Åç-ö«®ΩE
´çü¿´’çC (Åçûª áèπ◊\´ Ææçêu™) ûª´’ Åçô’çö«®Ω’. ÅC éπÈ®-ÍédØ√? é¬éπ-§ÚûË á™« 3. Stretch your legs. §Ò®Ω-§ƒ-ô’† v°æ-J-ûª-´’-®·çC. 'Hood = §ƒ´·
v§ƒù«©’ §ÚíÌ-ô’d-èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’. îÁ§ƒpL. 4. Hold your legs. °æúøí∫, Sloughing = èπ◊•’Ææç Núø-´-úøç— ÅE
As many as 11 buses were burnt down = 9. Put-keep, Bring-Get-fetch OöÀéÀ ûËú≈ 5. The CM visited the bus accident victims í∫´’-Eç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm