Convective System : Liquid Dominated

2.3.1. Introduction : The Dominance of Convection

We now turn to hydrothermal convective system : geothermal fields that have high
temperatures and display surface activity. All present and planned power station operate on such field,
and all of the more visible surface features such as geysers and mudpools are associated with such field.

In contrast to the conductive system of the previous section, it is the flow of fluid through the
system that determines the temperature and fluid distribution in these reservoirs. The natural state of
the reservoir is thus dynamic, and a knowledge of the natural fluid flow is needed if we wish to
understand the energy picture. If surface features such as geyser, fumaroles, hot spring, and mudpools
are associated with the reservoir, these features are the end points for some part of this natural flow.

In this section we look at this natural flows, both ini specific reservoir and in general terms. Such
flow play a dominant role in establishing the state of the fluid within the reservoir, and knowledge of
them can give us information about reservoir parameters such as vertical permeability about which little
can be determined by other means. As flows stimulated by exploitation will in general overwhelm these
natural flows (on the reservoir scale), it is important that information and data be collected early. For
most purpose, once exploitation is underway these natural flows may be ignored.

In low-temperature system the reservoir fluid is always liquid water. When we consider higher
temperature, steam can also be present. It has been found that all geothermal reservoirs located to date
can be divided into two classes: liquid dominated and vapor dominated. Liquid-dominated reservoir
have a pressure distribution that is close to hydrostatic; in vapor-dominated reservoirs the pressure
distribution is close to steam-static.in each case the dominant phase controls the pressure distribution,
although the other phase may be present. In the rest of this section we shall consider liquid-dominated
reservoir. If the reservoir fluid is all water, we shall call the reservoir liquid; if steam is also present, we
shall call it two phase.
 Sistem Konvektif : Dominasi Air

2.3.1 Pendahuluan : Dominasi Konveksi.

Beralih ke sistem hidrotermal konvektif. Bidang geothermal memiliki suhu tinggi dan
menampilkan aktivitas permukaan. Semua pembangkit listrik sekarang direncanakan beroperasi pada
bidang geothermal dan fitur permukaan seperti geyser dan kolam lumpur yang berhubungan dengan
bidang ini lebih jelas terlihat.

Berbeda dengan sistem konduktif pada bagian sebelumnya, ini merupakan aliran fluida melalui
system yang menentukan suhu dan distribusi air pada reservoir. Keadaan alami reservoir demikian
dinamis, sehingga pengetahuan aliran alami fluida diperlukan jika kita ingin memahami gambar energy.
Jika fitur permukaan yang berhubungan dengan reservoir tersebut seperti geyser, fumarole, air panas,
dan mud pools, maka fitur/sifat ini merupakan titik akhir dari sebagian aliran alami ini.

Dalam bagian ini kita melihat aliran alami pada reservoir baik secara spesifik maupun secara
keseluruhannya. Aliran ini berperan penting dalam membangun keadaan dari fluida dalam reservoir dan
pemahaman tersebut dapat memberikan kita informasi mengenai parameter-parameter reservoir
seperti permeabilitas vertical yang dapat ditentukan dengan cara lain. Seperti aliran yang distimulasi
oleh eksploitasi, secara umum akan memenuhi aliran alami pada skala reservoir, yang penting yaitu
informasi dan data