GREEN CONCRETE

PROJECT REPORT
Submitted for the course: LEAN STARTUP MANAGEMENT (MGT1022)
BY

NAME REG - NO SIGN

Pankaj Sharma 15BCL0199

Ashutosh Gupta 15BCL0135

Shubham Bajpai 15BCL0037

Nikhil Ugale 15BPI0026

Himanshu Sharma 15BME0155

Rahul Saidha 15BEC0608

Parakh Jain 15BMA0017

Rohit Birla 15BPI0033

SLOT: TE1
NAME OF THE FACULTY: Dr. S. KARTHIKEYAN
(SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING)

November, 2017

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DECLARATION

We, the students of B. Tech., III year of VIT University, Vellore with registration
numbers and names

NAME REG - NO

Pankaj Sharma 15BCL0199

Ashutosh Gupta 15BCL0135

Shubham Bajpai 15BCL0037

Nikhil Ugale 15BPI0026

Himanshu Sharma 15BME0155

Rahul Saidha 15BEC0608

Parakh Jain 15BMA0017

Rohit Birla 15BPI0033

Hereby, declare that the project report entitled “GREEN CONCRETE” submitted
by us to VIT University, Vellore, in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the
course “LEAN STARTUP MANAGEMENT” with course code MGT1022, of the
degree of Bachelor of Technology is a bonafide work carried out by us under the
supervision of Dr. S. KARTHIKEYAN, School of Mechanical Engineering, VIT
University, Vellore – 632014. We further declare that the work reported in this
project has not been submitted and will not be submitted, either in part or in full,
for the award of any other degree or diploma in or any other Institute or
University
Place: Vellore

Date:

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 Acknowledgement

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my faculty Dr. S.

KARTHIKEYAN as well as our Dean S. K Sekar who gave me the golden opportunity to
do this wonderful project on the topic Green Concrete, which also helped me in
doing a lot of Research and I came to know about so many new things I am really
thankful to them.
Secondly i would also like to thank team mates and friends who helped me a lot in
finalizing this project within the limited time frame.

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INDEX
Acknowledgement......................................................................................................3
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................6
Mission Statement......................................................................................................7
Our team .................................................................................................................7
Market Summary .....................................................................................................7
Opportunities ..........................................................................................................7
Business Concept........................................................................................................8
Nature of Product .......................................................................................................8
Application & Creativity...........................................................................................9
Cognitive Approach ................................................................................................9
4 P`s ......................................................................................................................... 10
Competition.......................................................................................................... 11
Goals and Objectives ............................................................................................ 11
Financial Plan........................................................................................................ 11
Resource Requirements ....................................................................................... 11
Risks and Rewards ................................................................................................ 12
Process .................................................................................................................... 13
BATCHING – .......................................................................................................... 13
Dry Mixing ............................................................................................................ 14
CASTED CUBE ....................................................................................................... 15
Constraints and Bottle Necks .................................................................................. 16
Financial Loan for startUp ....................................................................................... 16
Cost analysis- ........................................................................................................... 17
Legal implications for Start-Up ................................................................................ 17
SOCIO ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS FOR START UP ................................................... 18
Benefits of measuring socio-economic impact .................................................... 18
Obtaining or maintaining a license to operate ..................................................... 18
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 Improving the business enabling environment .................................................... 18
Strengthening value chains .................................................................................. 18
Fueling product and service innovation ............................................................... 18
Measuring socio-economic impact can help companies better understand the
needs, aspirations, resources, and incentives of their customers – enabling them
to develop new products and services and improve existing offerings. .............. 18
Test .......................................................................................................................... 19
Synopsis ................................................................................................................... 20
Mix Design ............................................................................................................ 20
Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 21

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 INTRODUCTION

Increase in greenhouse gases especially in Northern Parts of India (i.e,

DELHI) need some unique, long lasting and durable solutions to control
the CO2 vapours flowing into the atmosphere deteriorating the
environment. Construction sector in India is the major contributor to GDP as it
promotes inclusive growth by creating equal opportunity during economic growth
which benefits each and every section of society. It employs millions of people,
creating favourable conditions towards the associated industries such as steel,
cement, technology etc and accounts for major development in the social and
economic sectors. However, one needs to understand the potential of our country
in building a Green Economy and sustainable future.

Green Concrete, a concept that is imperative for our better tomorrow needs
a major boost to promote and catch hold of every professional’s imagination
involved in designing and planning of real estate, infrastructure, communities, and
smart cities. Green Concrete is simply defined as, “one which uses less water,
optimises energy efficiency, conserves natural resources, generates less waste and
provides healthier spaces for occupants, as compared to a conventional building”.
Designing of any conventional building mainly focuses on design, utility, durability
and comfort whereas designing a Green Concrete involves all the environmental
parameters thus creating energy security, water security, material and resources
management, improved indoor air quality, and a healthy lifestyle. In the longer run,
it reduces the operation and maintenance cost, enhances asset value and profit, and
optimises life cycle performances. Our work is in close co-ordination with the LEAN
the minimisation of wastes in industrial process. AGILE- the product marketability. It
tests the product against users.

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 Mission Statement

Our mission is to reduce the level of Carbon Dioxide and practice efficient
techniques of construction to promote sustainable development.
The Team

Our team
– Civil Engineers – Development and research on Green construction material to be
used in buildings.
– Mechanical Engineers – They make sure that the built structure is efficiently
modeled to sustain the load and other moments.
– Electrical Engineers – They will ensure the monitoring of CO2 levels in and around
the developed structure. They will also help in building a network to wirelessly
access the monitoring devices.
– Managers – To ensure a complete collaboration among the team members.

Market Summary
The Green is more in demand now then ever. There have been a constant increase
in the level of pollution and so government and private agencies are forcing
themselves to use a sustainable alternative.In the past many many structures have
been constructed by Green Concrete but its composition have been improved in
recent years. Presently there is a huge demand for green concrete and it`s expected
to rise manifold in future keeping in mind the increase in the Global Warming.

Opportunities
Recently The unexpected rise in the pollution level in the Capital of India and nearby
NCR regions have created a huge chaos is in the functioning of people. The
government is taking measures to reduce the pollution level in any way possible. We
think bringing the green concrete into the picture is a great opportunity for us.

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 Business Concept

Our Business concept is simple Create a Concrete Mix Design at a much cheaper rate
then the conventional concrete. Analyze this mix design on the fabricated
structures. Sell the package of ingredients in the market

Nature of Product
 Construction material
 Cement + Pozzolonas + Aggregate Geo-polymerized Structure.
 Composed of
◦ Chemicals
◦ Fibres
◦ Oxides
◦ Waste Products
 Alkaline substance
 Non-Radioactive

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Application & Creativity
 Increase in green house gases especially in Northern Parts of India (i.e, DELHI)
need some unique, long lasting and durable solutions to control the CO2
vapours flowing into the atmosphere deteriorating the environment.
 Sustainable Approach of Utilizing the waste products and improving the
conventional construction materials.
 Reducing the SMOG formation.
 Generation of more Breathable & purified Air.
 Preventing the monuments from corroding due to Carbonation.
 With the help of Real-Time Monitoring System, it`ll be possible to detect the
amount of CO2 adsorbed on the surface of the concrete
 We can use the Geo-polymerized concrete at RoadSide Kerbs, Dividers,
Statues at intersections/Crossway, RoadSide Light/Wire poles and even
Concrete Road Pavements

Cognitive Approach
◦ We`ll be calculating the mix design proportions for the green concrete.
◦ Experimenting with different ratios based on individual properties of
pozzoloana.
◦ Structural Analysis of the Novel Structure Casted using the green
Concrete.
◦ Calculating the Bending Moment, Deflection, Load Bearing Capacity.
◦ Calculating the rate of CO2 absorbance.
◦ Developing a real time monitoring System using some set of devices
which will form a network giving analysis of pollution level or the
concentration of CO2 at or near the Novel Structure.

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 4 P`s

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 Methodology for project TOPIC SELECTION

Competition
Since there are lot of companies in the market
working on Green Concrete.
Our main competition is with Cement based WORK PLAN
industries. Cement based prefabricated structures.
Pollution monitoring private agencies.

Goals and Objectives

LITERATURE,MATERIAL
• In the next five years COLLECTION
– We plan to lower the pollution level of Delhi by
10%.
– We want to accelerate the use of sustainable
materials. MIX DESIGN,BATCHING

Financial Plan
Currently we don’t have any financial assistance but
we TESTING OF CONCRETE
plan to post our idea on wishberry for funding.

Resource Requirements
List requirements for the following resources:
– Civil/Mechanical/Electrical Engineers MONITORING OF
CONCRETE
– GGBS/Sodium Silicate/Zeolite/Sodium
Hydroxides.
– Funds & Sponsors
– Prefabrication industry aid. RESULTS,
– Promotion
ANALYSIS

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– Product design

Risks and Rewards

The risk of the project is its efficiency in long run as the
structure needs to be maintained at a specific time.
Scope of Future Work
1. Huge Scope of Cheap Construction Materials.
2. An alternate Binding agent will prove a boon to construction Industry.
3. The concept of Geo-polymerization is new and ready to hit the market.
4. Pollution level is increasing and so are the cost of technologies to restrain it.

Business Canvas

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 Process

BATCHING –

Weighing the materials in appropriate proportion.

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Dry Mixing

WET MIXING & COMPACTION

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CASTED CUBE

This concrete can be casted in any shape, we have created the shape using the solid
works software and after getting a cnc cut mould we would be able to give the
Zeolite mortar finish after casting it with Geopolymer concrete.

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SOLID –WORKS DESIGN

Constraints and Bottle Necks

In Green concrete manufacturing process the constraints are as follows –
Procurement: - One of the important processes in producing a concrete is gathering
the ingredients to make it. The procurement of materials is a difficult job unless it’s
planned thoroughly and implemented.
Batching of Concrete:- Batching is a process of weighing different materials in a
proportion based on the mix design. Every compound has different characteristics.
So every material needs to weigh very accurately.
Mix design as per Strength requirements:- It is one of the most difficult task since
every structure has different requirement of strength so mix design changes as per
requirements.
Quality of alkaline material: - It is very vital to have well quality GGBS and alkaline
material then only geo-polymer concrete will give desired strength.
Workability demand: - Workability is how easily concrete can be placed, it depends
on work requirements. So maintaining workability without giving strength is also a
constraint.
Structure calculation- The structure should safely sustain dead, live, seismic and
wind load as per the region demand where concrete is casted. It should also keep
the aesthetic aspects of design.
Monitoring:- To maintain and enhance the reputation of start-up, we need to
monitor the pollution level regularly. This will not affect manufacturing process but
provide better insight to research team to work on.

Financial Loan for startUp

For financial purposes, we will seek opportunities by utilising various schemes and
policies launched by the Government of India to help our start up..
Under some circumstances we will also seek banks help through loans with some
special features so that we don’t get overburdened with the monetary issue
Our main target regarding financial issues would be investment companies.
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 Cost analysis-
1 cube of 100mmx100mm analysis:-

Cement replace-377.14kg/m3
Fly ash/ggbs used-377.14 kg/m3
NaOH used -29gm per cube
Sodium silicate used-0.1L
NaOH cost-Rs 40/kg
Sodium silicate cost – Rs 25/lit
Cement- Rs 7/kg

Cost analysis-
Cement money save- 7x0.377=Rs2.64
Fly ash (nearly free of cost)
NaOH cost-0.04x30=Rs1.2
Sodium silicate cost – Rs 25x.1=2.5
Total cost in GPC for 1 cube-Rs 3.7(Excluding aggregates)
Total money save=2.64
Extra expenses=Rs 1.06 per cube
This will also reduce by changing ratio of alkaline activators.

Legal implications for Start-Up

 Good documentation
 Considering intellectual property protection like copyrights, trademarks;
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  Tax issues consideration
 Good terms of use agreement and privacy policy for our website
 Meetings with right legal counsellor

SOCIO ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS FOR START UP

Benefits of measuring socio-economic impact

There are a variety of reasons, ranging from reducing cost and risk to creating and
capturing new opportunities, which underpin a company's decision to measure its
socio-economic impacts.
Obtaining or maintaining a license to operate
Very clearly, measuring socio-economic impact can help companies show
stakeholders that their activities benefit the economies and societies in which they
operate. It can also help them better understand if they are fulfilling their
commitments and stakeholder expectations or if there is a gap between their
impacts and what stakeholders think.
Improving the business enabling environment
Measuring socio-economic impact is also a powerful way for companies to show
policymakers how their business activities are contributing to public policy goals –
thus helping to develop the right mix of rules, incentives, and public services needed
to maximise business contributions.
Strengthening value chains
By assessing their socio-economic impact, companies are better equipped to predict
the loyalty, performance, stability, and capacity for growth of their suppliers,
distributors, and retail partners – identifying vulnerabilities and opportunities to
address them.
Fueling product and service innovation
Measuring socio-economic impact can help companies better understand the
needs, aspirations, resources, and incentives of their customers – enabling them to
develop new products and services and improve existing offerings.

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 Test
Compression/Tensile test/Pulse Velocity Test

Synopsis of the project

The green

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 Synopsis
Construction industry is growing rapidly and new technologies have evolved very
fast to cater different difficulties in the construction industry. Among all materials
used in the construction concrete is main material for construction purposes.
Billions of tons of naturally occurring materials are mined for the production of
concrete which will leave a substantial mark on the environment. Nowadays
recycling of waste and industrial by products gaining popularity to make concrete
environment friendly material and the concrete can be called as Green Concrete.
Our proposal is to make a Green Concrete using Zeolite powder in the ratio 1:0.1
with cement having high strength and durability.

Mix Design
For one cube 100mm*100mm
Sodium Hydroxide = 29gm
Sodium silicate = 108ml
Fine Aggregate = 898 gm
Course Aggregate = 1347gm
GGBS = 378 gm
Zeolite = 20gm (Zeolite/Cement= 10)
Water = 80ml
Test Results
Compressive Strength = 35N/mm2
Tensile Strength = 2.1N/mm2
Increase in Weight = 10gm (1 month)
Average Pulse Velocity = 3970m/s (GOOD)

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 Conclusion

The Geopolymer concrete is a boon to the construction industry. Although it’s

not much popular in india due its little expensive nature, It can serve as a major
product in reducing the Green House gases. Our team analysed the model (the
casted cube) and have found a slight increase in the weight of the product and
whitening of the concrete cube surface depicting the adsorbance of CO2 content in
the atmosphere. We also performed the strength parameters test, like
compression/tension, flexural and bending test and proved that the Geopolymer
concrete is having a much greater strength than the conventional concrete.

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