Project

PROPOSED FOUR LANING OF KUNDAPUR-SURATKAL

SECTION OF NH-17 FROM Km 283.30 TO 358.08, FROM Km
375.300 TO 376.700 AND FROM 3.700 TO Km 17.200

Title
FLYOVER AT PUMP WELL CIRCLE
DESIGN OF ELASTOMERIC BEARINGS
(For Span 23.16m, 25.88m & 40.20m)

Document No.
DSG/NEC/1233/811

Rev. 0
Date
16.04.2015

Client
NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA
Project : PROPOSED FOUR LANING OF KUNDAPUR-SURATKAL
SECTION OF NH-17 FROM Km 283.30 TO 358.08, FROM Km
375.300 TO 376.700 AND FROM 3.700 TO Km 17.200

Title : FLYOVER AT PUMP WELL CIRCLE

DESIGN OF ELASTOMERIC BEARINGS
(For Span 23.16m, 25.88m & 40.20m)

Document No. : DSG/NEC/1233/811

Drawing No. : NEC/1233/KPSK/GDR/1070

Rev No. : 0

Date : 16.04.15

Client : NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA

Rev Date Description Chkd Appd

0 16.04.15 First Submission

Design of Elastomeric Bearings
23.16m Span
 Bearing Design

Design of Elastomeric Bearings

The elastomeric pads will be designed as per IRC Bridge Code IRC: 83 (Part II) - 1987.

Size of bearing = 450 x 300 x 64 mm

DESIGN OF BEARINGS
The c/c of Expn Joints = 23.16 m
The c/c of Bearings for the span = 21.2 m
The c.c of the girders - Transverse direction = 2.6 m
No. of main Girders = 4 nos
no. of bearings per span = 8 nos
No of spans made continuous = 1 nos
no. of bearings per continuous unit = 8 nos

FORCES ON THE BEARINGS

The bearings are checked for the four load conditions given below.
(i) max. live load on a bearing case with attendant braking forces and wind loads.
(ii) min. live load on a bearing case with attendant braking forces and wind loads.

1. CASE OF MAX. LIVE LOAD ON THE BEARING

1.1 Vertical Loads
1. Dead Load + SDL = 658.00 KN
(From Staad )

2. Live Load = (with impact) 543.00 KN

(From
p Staad )
3. Calculation of ver. Load on bearing due to braking (This is for load on 1 span only)
Due to 70 R Loading
braking force = 100 x 0.2 = 20 t = 200 kN

Due to Class A Loading

braking force = 55.4 x 0 = 0.0 t = 0 kN

Total braking force = 200 + 0.0 = 200 KN

Height of super structure = 1.9 + 0.200 + 0.065
= 2.165 m
the braking force acts at a height of 1.2 m above deck crown level.
the total height of action of braking force = 2.165 + 1.2
= 3.365 m
the reaction on each bearing due to braking force = ( span x no of bearings on one end)
= 200.0 x 3.365 / ( 21.2 x 4 )
= 7.95 = 8.0 KN per bearing

Hence max. ver. Load on bearing = 658.0 + 543.0 + 8.0

= 1209.0 KN

Page 4
 Bearing Design

1.2 Hor. Forces

Due to 70 R Loading
braking force = 100 x 20.00% = 20 t = 200 kN

Due to Class A Loading

braking force = 55.4 x 0.00% = 0.0 t = 0 kN
0 kN
(5%+5%)
Total braking force = 200 + 0.0 = 200 Kn

i) braking force = ( 200 ) / 8

= 25.00 KN

2
Centrifugal force = Wv = 1108 x 100^2
127R 127 x 494.75

= 176 kN

ii) wind force

Refer Pier Design (P2) (wind section)
HL = 47.50 + 20.00 67.50 KN
HT = 176.00 + 190.00 80.00 446.00 KN

HL = 67.50 / 8.00 = 8.44 KN

HT = 446.00 / 8.00 = 55.75 KN

b) On unloaded structure

HL = 47.50 KN
HT = 190.00 KN

Wind per bearing

HL = 47.50 / 8.00 = 5.94 KN
HT = 190.00 / 8.00 = 23.75 KN

1.3 Horizontal Movement :- Cl: 304.9 of IRC : 21 - 2000

2. Strain in concrete due to Creep

Creep strain = 0.00040 for PSC girder at 28 days when placed on the bearings.

3. Strain in concrete due to Shrinkage

Total Shrinkage to infinity = 0.00020

Page 5
 Bearing Design

4. Strain in concrete due to temparature

Temparature variation from mean temparature = ± 20 0 C

Therefore the -ve temprature which is additive to creep and shrinkage 20 0 C
0
Thermal coefficioent = 1.17E-05 / C

Strain due to temperature = 1.17E-05 x 20 = 2.34E-04

Total Strain due to Creep, Shrinkage & Temparature

= 4.00E-04 + 2.00E-04 + 2.34E-04
= 8.340E-04
Total Movement due to Creep, Shrinkage & Temparature (at expn jt location) (28m x 3 spans)
= 8.340E-04 x 23.2 m x 1000 = 9.66 mm
2
1.4 Rotations

since the values of rotation given in staad are with instantaneous elastic modulus, the long term rotations are
calculated using half the E value

From super structure out put

Net rotation at No load = -.0005390radians

Net rotation at Full load = -.0000789radians

Rotation due to DL + SDL

αL = 2 x 0.00054 = 0.00108 rad

αT = 2 x 0.00000 = 0.00000 rad

Rotation due to LL
αL = 0.00008 rad
αT = 0.00000 rad

Total rotation

αL = + 0.00008 = 0.00008 rad

αT = 0 + 0.00000 = 0.00000 rad

Net rotations

αL = 0.00008 + 0.00000 = 0.00008

αT = 0.00000

Page 6
 Bearing Design

DESIGN OF BEARING
(as per IRC 83 - 1987 (part - ii) cl. 916.3.3 Bearings)

1. Plan dimension (mm) = 450 x 300 x 64

2. l0 / b0 = 1.50 < 2
3. h = 48.0 mm < b0/5 = 60 mm> bo/10 = 30 mm
4. hi = 12 mm 3 nos. elastomer= 48
5. hs = 4 mm 4 nos. (Clause -916.2.2 of IRC 83 P-III)
6. he = 6 mm 2 nos.
7. c = 6 mm side cover neoprene
shape factor for each layer (S) = l x b / (2(l+b)xhi)

where l = 45 - 1.2 = 43.8 cm

b= 30 - 1.2 = 28.8 cm
hi = 1.2 cm

S = 43.8 x 28.8
2 x ( 43.8 + 28.8 ) x 1.2

= 7.24

S = 6< 7.24 < 12

1 lo/bo < 2 OKAY

2 h < bo/5 OKAY
3 8 < hi < 16 OKAY
4 3 < hs < 6 OKAY
5 4 < he < 6 OKAY
6 c = 6 mm OKAY
7 6 < S < 12 OKAY
LL Max LL min

Normal case
Translation OK OK
Rotation O.K O.K
Friction O.K O.K
Total Shear Stress OK OK
Wind Case
Translation OK OK
Rotation
Friction O.K O.K
Total Shear Stress OK OK

Page 7
 Bearing Design

γbd = (Δbd / h) + (τmd /G) in Mpa ≤ 0.7

HL = 25.00 + 8.44 = 33.44 KN

τbd = 33.44 x 1000 / ( 450 - 12 ) * ( 300 - 12

= 0.265 Mpa
G = Shear modulus = 1.0 Mpa Clause 915.2.1 (IRC-83 part-II)

Total elastomer depth = h = 12 x 3 + 6 x 2

= 48.0 mm

γbd = 9.66 / 48.0 ) + ( 0.265 / 1.0 )

= 0.466 Mpa

τld = 22.00 x 1000 / ( 450 - 12 ) * ( 300 - 12

= 0.174 Mpa
γbd = 0.00 + ( 0.174 / 1.0 )
= 0.174 Mpa
2 2
γd = sqrt ( 0.466 + 0.174 )
= 0.498 Mpa < 0.700 Mpa OK
Hence the bearing is safe in Translation.

CHECK FOR ROTATION (as per cl. 916.305):

1) the no. of elastomer layers provided shall satisfy the following

αd = ( 0.00008 x 288 + 0.00000 x 438 ) / 288

= 0.00008

αd < β x n x αbi,max

where αd = αbd and αbi,max = 0.5 x σm x hi / (b x S )

2

β = ratio of acting σm to permissible value = σm/10

σm = average compressive stress

n = total no. of internal elastomer layers = 3 nos.

hi = thickness of individual layer of elastomer = 12 mm

for calculating αbi, σm shall be taken as 10 Mpa

Page 8
 Bearing Design

σm = 1209.0 x 1000 / ( 43.8 x 28.8 ) =

2
= 958.4 N/cm = 9.58 Mpa
αbi,max = 0.5 x 10.0 x 1.2 / ( 28.8
2
x 7.24 )
= 0.0040

β = 9.58 / 10 = 0.958

Hence β x n x αbi,max = 0.958 x 3 x 0.0040

= 0.01143

but αd = 0.00008 < 0.01143 O.K

Hence the bearing is safe in Rotation.

CHECK FOR FRICTION (as per Cl. 916.3.6):

σm = 1209.0 x 1000 / ( 43.8 x 28.8 )
2
= 958.4 N/cm = 9.58 Mpa
9.58 Mpa > 10.00 > 2 Mpa

γd = 0.498 Mpa

0.2 + 0.1 x σm = 0.2 + 0.1 x 9.58

= 1.158 Mpa

γ d < 0.2 + 0.1 x σm O.K

Hence the bearing is safe in Friction.

CHECK FOR TOTAL SHEAR STRESS (as per cl. 916.3.7) :

τc + τr + τα ≤ 5 Mpa

where τc = 1.5 σm /S 1.5 x 9.58 / 7.24 = 2.0 Mpa

τr = γd = 0.498 Mpa
τα = 0.5 x (b/hi) x αbi
2

2
= 0.5 x ( 28.80 / 1.2 ) x 0.0040
= 1.145 Mpa

Hence τc + τr + τα = 2.0 + 0.498 + 1.145

= 3.63 Mpa < 5 Mpa OK

Hence the bearing is safe in Total Shear Stress.

Page 9
 Bearing Design

Wind load Case

γbd = (Δbd / h) + (τmd /G) in Mpa ≤ 0.7

HL = 8.44 + 25.00 = 33.44 KN

τbd = 33.44 x 1000 / ( 450 - 12 ) * ( 300 - 12

= 0.265 Mpa
G = Shear modulus = 1.0 Mpa

Total elastomer depth = h = 12 x 3 + 6 x 2

= 48.0 mm

γbd = 6.95 / 48.0 ) + ( 0.265 / 1.0 )

= 0.410 Mpa

τld = 55.75 x 1000 / ( 450 - 12 ) * ( 300 - 12

= 0.442 Mpa
γbd = 0.00 + ( 0.442 / 1.0 )
= 0.442 Mpa
2 2
γd = sqrt ( 0.410 + 0.442 )
= 0.603 Mpa < 0.700 Mpa OK
Hence the bearing is safe in Translation.

CHECK FOR FRICTION (as per Cl. 916.3.6):

σm = 1201.0 x 1000 / ( 43.8 x 28.8 )
2
= 952.1 N/cm = 9.52 Mpa
9.52 Mpa > 10.00 > 2 Mpa

γd = 0.603 Mpa

0.2 + 0.1 x σm = 0.2 + 0.1 x 9.52

= 1.152 Mpa

γ d < 0.2 + 0.1 x σm O.K

Hence the bearing is safe in Friction.

Page 10
 Bearing Design

CHECK FOR TOTAL SHEAR STRESS (as per cl. 916.3.7) :

τc + τr + τα ≤ 5 Mpa

where τc = 1.5 σm /S 1.5 x 9.52 / 7.24 = 2.0 Mpa

τr = γd = 0.603 Mpa
τα = 0.5 x (b/hi) x αbi
2

2
= 0.5 x ( 28.80 / 1.2 ) x 0.0040
= 1.145 Mpa

Hence τc + τr + τα = 2.0 + 0.603 + 1.145

= 3.72 Mpa < 5 Mpa OK

Hence the bearing is safe in Total Shear Stress.

Page 11
 Bearing Design

Design of Elastomeric Bearings

The elastomeric pads will be designed as per IRC Bridge Code IRC: 83 (Part II) - 1987.

Size of bearing = 450 x 300 x 64 mm

The bearings are checked for the four load conditions given below.
(i) max. live load on a bearing case with attendant braking forces and wind loads.
(ii) min. live load on a bearing case with attendant braking forces and wind loads.

2. CASE OF MIN. LIVE LOAD ON THE BEARING

1.1 Vertical Loads

1. Dead Load + SDL = 514.00 KN

(From Staad )

2. Live Load = (with impact) 0.00 KN

(From
p Staad )
3. Calculation of ver. Load on bearing due to braking (This is for load on 1 span only)
Due to 70 R Loading
braking force = 100 x 0.2 = 20 t = 200 kN

Due to Class A Loading

braking force = 55.4 x 0 = 0.0 t = 0 kN

Total braking force = 200 + 0.0 = 200 KN

Height of super structure = 1.9 + 0.200 + 0.065
= 2.165 m
the braking force acts at a height of 1.2 m above deck crown level.
the total height of action of braking force = 2.165 + 1.2
= 3.365 m
the reaction on each bearing due to braking force = ( span x no of bearings on one end)
= 200.0 x 3.365 / ( 21.2 x 4 )
= 7.95 = 8.0 KN per bearing

Hence max. ver. Load on bearing = 514.0 + 0.0 + 8.0

= 522.0 KN

Page 12
 Bearing Design

1.2 Hor. Forces

i) braking force = = 25.00 KN

Centrifugal force = 176 kN

ii) wind force

HL = 67.50 KN
HT = 446.00 KN

HL = 67.50 / 8.00 = 8.44 KN

HT = 446.00 / 8.00 = 55.75 KN

b) On unloaded structure

HL = 47.50 KN
HT = 190.00 KN

Wind per bearing

HL = 47.50 / 8.00 = 5.94 KN
HT = 190.00 / 8.00 = 23.75 KN

1.3 Horizontal Movement :- Cl: 304.9 of IRC : 21 - 2000

2. Strain in concrete due to Creep
Creep strain = 0.00040 for PSC girder at 28 days when placed on the bearings.

3. Strain in concrete due to Shrinkage

Total Shrinkage to infinity = 0.00020

4. Strain in concrete due to temparature

0
Temparature variation from mean temparature = ± 20 C
Therefore the -ve temprature which is additive to creep and shrinkage 20 0 C
0
Thermal coefficioent = 1.17E-05 / C

Strain due to temperature = 1.17E-05 x 20 = 2.34E-04

Total Strain due to Creep, Shrinkage & Temparature

= 4.00E-04 + 2.00E-04 + 2.34E-04
= 8.340E-04
Total Movement due to Creep, Shrinkage & Temparature (at expn jt location) (28m x 3 spans)
= 8.340E-04 x 23.2 m x 1000 = 9.66 mm
2

Page 13
 Bearing Design

1.4 Rotations

since the values of rotation given in staad are with instantaneous elastic modulus, the long term rotations are
calculated using half the E value

From super structure out put

Net rotation at No load = -.0005390radians
Net rotation at Full load = -.0000789radians
Rotation due to DL + SDL

αL = 2 x 0.00054 = 0.00108 rad

αT = 2 x 0.00000 = 0.00000 rad

Rotation due to LL
αL = 0.00008 rad
αT = 0.00000 rad

Total rotation

αL = + 0.00008 = 0.00008 rad

αT = 0 + 0.00000 = 0.00000 rad

Net rotations

αL = 0.00008 + 0.00000 = 0.00008

αT = 0.00000
DESIGN OF BEARING
γbd = (Δbd / h) + (τmd /G) in Mpa ≤ 0.7

HL = 25.00 + 8.44 = 33.44 KN

τbd = 33.44 x 1000 / ( 450 - 12 ) * ( 300 - 12

= 0.265 Mpa
G = Shear modulus = 1.0 Mpa

Total elastomer depth = h = 12 x 3 + 6 x 2

= 48.0 mm

γbd = 9.66 / 48.0 ) + ( 0.265 / 1.0 )

= 0.466 Mpa

Page 14
 Bearing Design

τld = 22.00 x 1000 / ( 450 - 12 ) * ( 300 - 12

= 0.174 Mpa
γbd = 0.00 + ( 0.174 / 1.0 )
= 0.174 Mpa
2 2
γd = sqrt ( 0.466 + 0.174 )
= 0.498 Mpa < 0.700 Mpa OK
Hence the bearing is safe in Translation.

CHECK FOR ROTATION (as per cl. 916.305):

1) the no. of elastomer layers provided shall satisfy the following

αd = ( 0.00008 x 288 + 0.00000 x 438 ) / 288

= 0.00008

αd < β x n x αbi,max
where αd = αbd and αbi,max = 0.5 x σm x hi / (b x S )
2

β = ratio of acting σm to permissible value = σm/10

σm = average compressive stress
n = total no. of internal elastomer layers = 3 nos.
hi = thickness of individual layer of elastomer = 12 mm

for calculating αbi, σm shall be taken as 10 Mpa

σm = 522.0 x 1000 / ( 43.8 x 28.8 ) =

2
= 413.8 N/cm = 4.14 Mpa
αbi,max = 0.5 x 10.0 x 1.2 / ( 28.8
2
x 7.24 )
= 0.0040

β = 4.14 / 10 = 0.414

Hence β x n x αbi,max = 0.414 x 3 x 0.0040

= 0.00493

but αd = 0.00008 < 0.00493 O.K

Hence the bearing is safe in Rotation.

Page 15
 Bearing Design

CHECK FOR FRICTION (as per Cl. 916.3.6):

σm = 522.0 x 1000 / ( 43.8 x 28.8 )
2
= 413.8 N/cm = 4.14 Mpa
4.14 Mpa > 10.00 > 2 Mpa

γd = 0.498 Mpa

0.2 + 0.1 x σm = 0.2 + 0.1 x 4.14

= 0.614 Mpa

γ d < 0.2 + 0.1 x σm O.K

Hence the bearing is safe in Friction.

CHECK FOR TOTAL SHEAR STRESS (as per cl. 916.3.7) :

τc + τr + τα ≤ 5 Mpa

where τc = 1.5 σm /S 1.5 x 4.14 / 7.24 = 0.9 Mpa

τr = γd = 0.498 Mpa
τα = 0.5 x (b/hi) x αbi
2

2
= 0.5 x ( 28.80 / 1.2 ) x 0.0040
= 1.145 Mpa

Hence τc + τr + τα = 0.9 + 0.498 + 1.145

= 2.50 Mpa < 5 Mpa OK

Hence the bearing is safe in Total Shear Stress.

Wind load Case

γbd = (Δbd / h) + (τmd /G) in Mpa ≤ 0.7

HL = 8.44 + 25.00 = 33.44 KN

τbd = 33.44 x 1000 / ( 450 - 12 ) * ( 300 - 12

= 0.265 Mpa
G = Shear modulus = 1.0 Mpa

Total elastomer depth = h = 12 x 3 + 6 x 2

= 48.0 mm

Page 16
 Bearing Design

γbd = 6.95 / 48.0 ) + ( 0.265 / 1.0 )

= 0.410 Mpa

τld = 55.75 x 1000 / ( 450 - 12 ) * ( 300 - 12

= 0.442 Mpa
γbd = 0.00 + ( 0.442 / 1.0 )
= 0.442 Mpa
2 2
γd = sqrt ( 0.410 + 0.442 )
= 0.603 Mpa < 0.700 Mpa OK
Hence the bearing is safe in Translation.

CHECK FOR FRICTION (as per Cl. 916.3.6):

σm = 514.0 x 1000 / ( 43.8 x 28.8 )
2
= 407.5 N/cm = 4.07 Mpa
4.07 Mpa > 10.00 > 2 Mpa

γd = 0.603 Mpa

0.2 + 0.1 x σm = 0.2 + 0.1 x 4.07

= 0.607 Mpa

γ d < 0.2 + 0.1 x σm O.K

Hence the bearing is safe in Friction.

CHECK FOR TOTAL SHEAR STRESS (as per cl. 916.3.7) :

τc + τr + τα ≤ 5 Mpa

where τc = 1.5 σm /S 1.5 x 4.07 / 7.24 = 0.8 Mpa

τr = γd = 0.603 Mpa
τα = 0.5 x (b/hi) x αbi
2

2
= 0.5 x ( 28.80 / 1.2 ) x 0.0040
= 1.145 Mpa

Hence τc + τr + τα = 0.8 + 0.603 + 1.145

= 2.59 Mpa < 5 Mpa OK

Hence the bearing is safe in Total Shear Stress.

Page 17
Design of Elastomeric Bearings
25.88m Span
 Bearing Design

Design of Elastomeric Bearings

The elastomeric pads will be designed as per IRC Bridge Code IRC: 83 (Part II) - 1987.

Size of bearing = 500 x 300 x 64 mm

DESIGN OF BEARINGS
The c/c of Expn Joints = 25.88 m
The c/c of Bearings for the span = 23.88 m
The c.c of the girders - Transverse direction = 2.6 m
No. of main Girders = 4 nos
no. of bearings per span = 8 nos
No of spans made continuous = 1 nos
no. of bearings per continuous unit = 8 nos

FORCES ON THE BEARINGS

The bearings are checked for the four load conditions given below.
(i) max. live load on a bearing case with attendant braking forces and wind loads.
(ii) min. live load on a bearing case with attendant braking forces and wind loads.

1. CASE OF MAX. LIVE LOAD ON THE BEARING

1.1 Vertical Loads
1. Dead Load + SDL = 753.70 KN
(From Staad )

2. Live Load = (with impact) 608.00 KN

(From
p Staad )
3. Calculation of ver. Load on bearing due to braking (This is for load on 1 span only)
Due to 70 R Loading
braking force = 100 x 0.2 = 20 t = 200 kN

Due to Class A Loading

braking force = 55.4 x 0 = 0.0 t = 0 kN

Total braking force = 200 + 0.0 = 200 KN

Height of super structure = 1.9 + 0.200 + 0.065
= 2.165 m
the braking force acts at a height of 1.2 m above deck crown level.
the total height of action of braking force = 2.165 + 1.2
= 3.365 m
the reaction on each bearing due to braking force = ( span x no of bearings on one end)
= 200.0 x 3.365 / ( 23.9 x 4 )
= 7.05 = 7.0 KN per bearing

Hence max. ver. Load on bearing = 753.7 + 608.0 + 7.0

= 1368.7 KN

Page 19
 Bearing Design

1.2 Hor. Forces

Due to 70 R Loading
braking force = 100 x 20.00% = 20 t = 200 kN

Due to Class A Loading

braking force = 55.4 x 0.00% = 0.0 t = 0 kN
0 kN
(5%+5%)
Total braking force = 200 + 0.0 = 200 Kn

i) braking force = ( 200 ) / 8

= 25.00 KN

2
Centrifugal force = Wv = 1108 x 100^2
127R 127 x 494.75

= 176 kN

ii) wind force

Refer Pier Design (P2) (wind section)
HL = 50 + 21.25 71.25 KN
HT = 200 + 85.00 + 176 = 461.00 KN

HL = 71.25 / 8.00 = 8.91 KN

HT = 461.00 / 8.00 = 57.63 KN

b) On unloaded structure

HL = 50.00 KN
HT = 200.00 KN

Wind per bearing

HL = 50.00 / 8.00 = 6.25 KN
HT = 200.00 / 8.00 = 25.00 KN

1.3 Horizontal Movement :- Cl: 304.9 of IRC : 21 - 2000

2. Strain in concrete due to Creep
Creep strain = 0.00040 for PSC girder at 28 days when placed on the bearings.

3. Strain in concrete due to Shrinkage

Total Shrinkage to infinity = 0.00020

Page 20
 Bearing Design

4. Strain in concrete due to temparature

0
Temparature variation from mean temparature = ± 20 C
Therefore the -ve temprature which is additive to creep and shrinkage 20 0 C
0
Thermal coefficioent = 1.17E-05 / C

Strain due to temperature = 1.17E-05 x 20 = 2.34E-04

Total Strain due to Creep, Shrinkage & Temparature

= 4.00E-04 + 2.00E-04 + 2.34E-04
= 8.340E-04
Total Movement due to Creep, Shrinkage & Temparature (at expn jt location) (28m x 3 spans)
= 8.340E-04 x 23.9 m x 1000 = 9.96 mm
2
1.4 Rotations

since the values of rotation given in staad are with instantaneous elastic modulus, the long term rotations are
calculated using half the E value

From super structure out put

Net rotation at No load = -.0004296radians
Net rotation at Full load = -.0001793radians
Rotation due to DL + SDL

αL = 2 x 0.00043 = 0.00086 rad

αT = 2 x 0.00000 = 0.00000 rad

Rotation due to LL
αL = 0.00008 rad
αT = 0.00000 rad

Total rotation

αL = + 0.00008 = 0.00008 rad

αT = 0 + 0.00000 = 0.00000 rad

Net rotations

αL = 0.00008 + 0.00000 = 0.00008

αT = 0.00000

Page 21
 Bearing Design

DESIGN OF BEARING
(as per IRC 83 - 1987 (part - ii) cl. 916.3.3 Bearings)

1. Plan dimension (mm) = 500 x 300 x 64

2. l0 / b0 = 1.67 < 2
3. h = 48.0 mm < b0/5 = 60 mm> bo/10 = 30 mm
4. hi = 12 mm 3 nos. elastomer= 48
5. hs = 4 mm 4 nos. (Clause -916.2.2 of IRC 83 P-III)
6. he = 6 mm 2 nos.
7. c = 6 mm side cover neoprene
shape factor for each layer (S) = l x b / (2(l+b)xhi)

where l = 50 - 1.2 = 48.8 cm

b= 30 - 1.2 = 28.8 cm
hi = 1.2 cm

S = 48.8 x 28.8
2 x ( 48.8 + 28.8 ) x 1.2

= 7.55

S = 6< 7.55 < 12

1 lo/bo < 2 OKAY

2 h < bo/5 OKAY
3 8 < hi < 16 OKAY
4 3 < hs < 6 OKAY
5 4 < he < 6 OKAY
6 c = 6 mm OKAY
7 6 < S < 12 OKAY
LL Max LL min

Normal case
Translation OK OK
Rotation O.K O.K
Friction OK O.K
Total Shear Stress OK OK
Wind Case
Translation OK OK
Rotation
Friction O.K O.K
Total Shear Stress OK OK

Page 22
 Bearing Design

γbd = (Δbd / h) + (τmd /G) in Mpa ≤ 0.7

HL = 25.00 + 8.91 = 33.91 KN

τbd = 33.91 x 1000 / ( 500 - 12 ) * ( 300 - 12

= 0.241 Mpa
G = Shear modulus = 1.0 Mpa Clause 915.2.1 (IRC-83 part-II)

Total elastomer depth = h = 12 x 3 + 6 x 2

= 48.0 mm

γbd = 9.96 / 48.0 ) + ( 0.241 / 1.0 )

= 0.449 Mpa

τld = 22.00 x 1000 / ( 500 - 12 ) * ( 300 - 12

= 0.157 Mpa
γbd = 0.00 + ( 0.157 / 1.0 )
= 0.157 Mpa
2 2
γd = sqrt ( 0.449 + 0.157 )
= 0.475 Mpa < 0.700 Mpa OK
Hence the bearing is safe in Translation.

CHECK FOR ROTATION (as per cl. 916.305):

1) the no. of elastomer layers provided shall satisfy the following

αd = ( 0.00008 x 288 + 0.00000 x 488 ) / 288

= 0.00008

αd < β x n x αbi,max
where αd = αbd and αbi,max = 0.5 x σm x hi / (b x S )
2

β = ratio of acting σm to permissible value = σm/10

σm = average compressive stress
n = total no. of internal elastomer layers = 3 nos.
hi = thickness of individual layer of elastomer = 12 mm

Page 23
 Bearing Design

for calculating αbi, σm shall be taken as 10 Mpa

σm = 1368.7 x 1000 / ( 48.8 x 28.8 ) =

2
= 973.9 N/cm = 9.74 Mpa
αbi,max = 0.5 x 10.0 x 1.2 / ( 28.8
2
x 7.55 )
= 0.0037

β = 9.74 / 10 = 0.974

Hence β x n x αbi,max = 0.974 x 3 x 0.0037

= 0.01069

but αd = 0.00008 < 0.01069 O.K

Hence the bearing is safe in Rotation.

CHECK FOR FRICTION (as per Cl. 916.3.6):

σm = 1368.7 x 1000 / ( 48.8 x 28.8 )
2
= 973.9 N/cm = 9.74 Mpa
10.00 Mpa > 9.74 > 2 Mpa O.K

γd = 0.475 Mpa

0.2 + 0.1 x σm = 0.2 + 0.1 x 9.74

= 1.174 Mpa

γ d < 0.2 + 0.1 x σm O.K

Hence the bearing is safe in Friction.

CHECK FOR TOTAL SHEAR STRESS (as per cl. 916.3.7) :

τc + τr + τα ≤ 5 Mpa

where τc = 1.5 σm /S 1.5 x 9.74 / 7.55 = 1.9 Mpa

τr = γd = 0.475 Mpa
τα = 0.5 x (b/hi) x αbi
2

2
= 0.5 x ( 28.80 / 1.2 ) x 0.0037
= 1.054 Mpa

Hence τc + τr + τα = 1.9 + 0.475 + 1.054

= 3.46 Mpa < 5 Mpa OK

Hence the bearing is safe in Total Shear Stress.

Page 24
 Bearing Design

Wind load Case

γbd = (Δbd / h) + (τmd /G) in Mpa ≤ 0.7

HL = 8.91 + 25.00 = 33.91 KN

τbd = 33.91 x 1000 / ( 500 - 12 ) * ( 300 - 12

= 0.241 Mpa
G = Shear modulus = 1.0 Mpa

Total elastomer depth = h = 12 x 3 + 6 x 2

= 48.0 mm

γbd = 7.16 / 48.0 ) + ( 0.241 / 1.0 )

= 0.391 Mpa

τld = 57.63 x 1000 / ( 500 - 12 ) * ( 300 - 12

= 0.410 Mpa
γbd = 0.00 + ( 0.410 / 1.0 )
= 0.410 Mpa
2 2
γd = sqrt ( 0.391 + 0.410 )
= 0.566 Mpa < 0.700 Mpa OK
Hence the bearing is safe in Translation.

CHECK FOR FRICTION (as per Cl. 916.3.6):

σm = 1361.7 x 1000 / ( 48.8 x 28.8 )
2
= 968.9 N/cm = 9.69 Mpa
10.00 Mpa > 9.69 > 2 Mpa

γd = 0.566 Mpa

0.2 + 0.1 x σm = 0.2 + 0.1 x 9.69

= 1.169 Mpa

γ d < 0.2 + 0.1 x σm O.K

Hence the bearing is safe in Friction.

Page 25
 Bearing Design

CHECK FOR TOTAL SHEAR STRESS (as per cl. 916.3.7) :

τc + τr + τα ≤ 5 Mpa

where τc = 1.5 σm /S 1.5 x 9.69 / 7.55 = 1.9 Mpa

τr = γd = 0.566 Mpa
τα = 0.5 x (b/hi) x αbi
2

2
= 0.5 x ( 28.80 / 1.2 ) x 0.0037
= 1.054 Mpa

Hence τc + τr + τα = 1.9 + 0.566 + 1.054

= 3.55 Mpa < 5 Mpa OK

Hence the bearing is safe in Total Shear Stress.

Page 26
 Bearing Design

Design of Elastomeric Bearings

The elastomeric pads will be designed as per IRC Bridge Code IRC: 83 (Part II) - 1987.

Size of bearing = 500 x 300 x 64 mm

The bearings are checked for the four load conditions given below.
(i) max. live load on a bearing case with attendant braking forces and wind loads.
(ii) min. live load on a bearing case with attendant braking forces and wind loads.

2. CASE OF MIN. LIVE LOAD ON THE BEARING

1.1 Vertical Loads

1. Dead Load + SDL = 610.00 KN

(From Staad )

2. Live Load = (with impact) 0.00 KN

(From
p Staad )
3. Calculation of ver. Load on bearing due to braking (This is for load on 1 span only)
Due to 70 R Loading
braking force = 100 x 0.2 = 20 t = 200 kN

Due to Class A Loading

braking force = 55.4 x 0 = 0.0 t = 0 kN

Total braking force = 200 + 0.0 = 200 KN

Height of super structure = 1.9 + 0.200 + 0.065
= 2.165 m
the braking force acts at a height of 1.2 m above deck crown level.
the total height of action of braking force = 2.165 + 1.2
= 3.365 m
the reaction on each bearing due to braking force = ( span x no of bearings on one end)
= 200.0 x 3.365 / ( 21.2 x 4 )
= 7.95 = 8.0 KN per bearing

Hence max. ver. Load on bearing = 610.0 + 0.0 + 8.0

= 618.0 KN

Page 27
 Bearing Design

1.2 Hor. Forces

i) braking force = = 25.00 KN

Centrifugal force = 176 kN

ii) wind force

HL = 71.25 KN
HT = 461.00 KN

HL = 71.25 / 8.00 = 8.91 KN

HT = 461.00 / 8.00 = 57.63 KN

b) On unloaded structure

HL = 50.00 KN
HT = 200.00 KN

Wind per bearing

HL = 50.00 / 8.00 = 6.25 KN
HT = 200.00 / 8.00 = 25.00 KN

1.3 Horizontal Movement :- Cl: 304.9 of IRC : 21 - 2000

2. Strain in concrete due to Creep
Creep strain = 0.00040 for PSC girder at 28 days when placed on the bearings.

3. Strain in concrete due to Shrinkage

Total Shrinkage to infinity = 0.00020

4. Strain in concrete due to temparature

0
Temparature variation from mean temparature = ± 20 C
Therefore the -ve temprature which is additive to creep and shrinkage 20 0 C
0
Thermal coefficioent = 1.17E-05 / C

Strain due to temperature = 1.17E-05 x 20 = 2.34E-04

Total Strain due to Creep, Shrinkage & Temparature

= 4.00E-04 + 2.00E-04 + 2.34E-04
= 8.340E-04
Total Movement due to Creep, Shrinkage & Temparature (at expn jt location) (28m x 3 spans)
= 8.340E-04 x 23.2 m x 1000 = 9.66 mm
2

Page 28
 Bearing Design

1.4 Rotations

since the values of rotation given in staad are with instantaneous elastic modulus, the long term rotations are
calculated using half the E value

From super structure out put

Net rotation at No load = -.0004296radians
Net rotation at Full load = -.0001793radians
Rotation due to DL + SDL

αL = 2 x 0.00043 = 0.00086 rad

αT = 2 x 0.00000 = 0.00000 rad

Rotation due to LL
αL = 0.00008 rad
αT = 0.00000 rad

Total rotation

αL = + 0.00008 = 0.00008 rad

αT = 0 + 0.00000 = 0.00000 rad

Net rotations

αL = 0.00008 + 0.00000 = 0.00008

αT = 0.00000
DESIGN OF BEARING
γbd = (Δbd / h) + (τmd /G) in Mpa ≤ 0.7

HL = 25.00 + 8.91 = 33.91 KN

τbd = 33.91 x 1000 / ( 500 - 12 ) * ( 300 - 12

= 0.241 Mpa
G = Shear modulus = 1.0 Mpa

Total elastomer depth = h = 12 x 3 + 6 x 2

= 48.0 mm

γbd = 9.66 / 48.0 ) + ( 0.241 / 1.0 )

= 0.442 Mpa

τld = 22.00 x 1000 / ( 500 - 12 ) * ( 300 - 12

= 0.157 Mpa
γbd = 0.00 + ( 0.157 / 1.0 )
= 0.157 Mpa
2 2
γd = sqrt ( 0.442 + 0.157 )
= 0.469 Mpa < 0.700 Mpa OK
Hence the bearing is safe in Translation.

Page 29
 Bearing Design

CHECK FOR ROTATION (as per cl. 916.305):

1) the no. of elastomer layers provided shall satisfy the following

αd = ( 0.00008 x 288 + 0.00000 x 488 ) / 288

= 0.00008

αd < β x n x αbi,max
where αd = αbd and αbi,max = 0.5 x σm x hi / (b x S 2 )

β = ratio of acting σm to permissible value = σm/10

σm = average compressive stress
n = total no. of internal elastomer layers = 3 nos.
hi = thickness of individual layer of elastomer = 12 mm

for calculating αbi, σm shall be taken as 10 Mpa

σm = 618.0 x 1000 / ( 48.8 x 28.8 ) =

2
= 439.7 N/cm = 4.40 Mpa
αbi,max = 0.5 x 10.0 x 1.2 / ( 28.8
2
x 7.55 )
= 0.0037

β = 4.40 / 10 = 0.440

Hence β x n x αbi,max = 0.440 x 3 x 0.0037

= 0.00483

but αd = 0.00008 < 0.00483 O.K

Hence the bearing is safe in Rotation.

CHECK FOR FRICTION (as per Cl. 916.3.6):

σm = 618.0 x 1000 / ( 48.8 x 28.8 )
2
= 439.7 N/cm = 4.40 Mpa
4.40 Mpa > 10.00 > 2 Mpa

γd = 0.469 Mpa

0.2 + 0.1 x σm = 0.2 + 0.1 x 4.40

= 0.640 Mpa

γ d < 0.2 + 0.1 x σm O.K

Hence the bearing is safe in Friction.

Page 30
 Bearing Design

CHECK FOR TOTAL SHEAR STRESS (as per cl. 916.3.7) :

τc + τr + τα ≤ 5 Mpa

where τc = 1.5 σm /S 1.5 x 4.40 / 7.55 = 0.9 Mpa

τr = γd = 0.469 Mpa
τα = 0.5 x (b/hi) x αbi
2

2
= 0.5 x ( 28.80 / 1.2 ) x 0.0037
= 1.054 Mpa

Hence τc + τr + τα = 0.9 + 0.469 + 1.054

= 2.40 Mpa < 5 Mpa OK

Hence the bearing is safe in Total Shear Stress.

Wind load Case

γbd = (Δbd / h) + (τmd /G) in Mpa ≤ 0.7

HL = 8.91 + 25.00 = 33.91 KN

τbd = 33.91 x 1000 / ( 500 - 12 ) * ( 300 - 12

= 0.241 Mpa
G = Shear modulus = 1.0 Mpa

Total elastomer depth = h = 12 x 3 + 6 x 2

= 48.0 mm

γbd = 6.95 / 48.0 ) + ( 0.241 / 1.0 )

= 0.386 Mpa

τld = 57.63 x 1000 / ( 500 - 12 ) * ( 300 - 12

= 0.410 Mpa
γbd = 0.00 + ( 0.410 / 1.0 )
= 0.410 Mpa
2 2
γd = sqrt ( 0.386 + 0.410 )
= 0.563 Mpa < 0.700 Mpa OK
Hence the bearing is safe in Translation.

Page 31
 Bearing Design

CHECK FOR FRICTION (as per Cl. 916.3.6):

σm = 610.0 x 1000 / ( 48.8 x 28.8 )
2
= 434.0 N/cm = 4.34 Mpa
4.34 Mpa > 10.00 > 2 Mpa

γd = 0.563 Mpa

0.2 + 0.1 x σm = 0.2 + 0.1 x 4.34

= 0.634 Mpa

γ d < 0.2 + 0.1 x σm O.K

Hence the bearing is safe in Friction.

CHECK FOR TOTAL SHEAR STRESS (as per cl. 916.3.7) :

τc + τr + τα ≤ 5 Mpa

where τc = 1.5 σm /S 1.5 x 4.34 / 7.55 = 0.9 Mpa

τr = γd = 0.563 Mpa
τα = 0.5 x (b/hi) x αbi
2

2
= 0.5 x ( 28.80 / 1.2 ) x 0.0037
= 1.054 Mpa

Hence τc + τr + τα = 0.9 + 0.563 + 1.054

= 2.48 Mpa < 5 Mpa OK

Hence the bearing is safe in Total Shear Stress.

Page 32
Design of Elastomeric Bearings
40.20m Span
 Bearing Design

Design of Elastomeric Bearings for 40.20 m span

The elastomeric pads will be designed as per IRC Bridge Code IRC: 83 (Part II) - 1987.

Size of bearing = 600 x 330 x 80 mm

DESIGN OF BEARINGS
The c/c of Expn Joints = 40.20 m
The c/c of Bearings for the span = 38.20 m
The c.c of the girders - Transverse direction = 2.6 m
No. of main Girders = 4 nos
no. of bearings per span = 8 nos
No of spans made continuous = 1 nos
no. of bearings per continuous unit = 8 nos

FORCES ON THE BEARINGS

The bearings are checked for the four load conditions given below.
(i) max. live load on a bearing case with attendant braking forces and wind loads.
(ii) min. live load on a bearing case with attendant braking forces and wind loads.

1. CASE OF MAX. LIVE LOAD ON THE BEARING

1.1 Vertical Loads
1. Dead Load + SDL = 1266.50 KN
(From Staad )

2. Live Load = (with impact) 573.54 KN

(From
p Staad )
3. Calculation of ver. Load on bearing due to braking (This is for load on 1 span only)
Due to 70 R Loading
braking force = 100 x 0.2 = 20 t = 200 kN

Due to Class A Loading

braking force = 55.4 x 0 = 0.0 t = 0 kN

Total braking force = 200 + 0.0 = 200 KN

Height of super structure = 2.25 + 0.200 + 0.065
= 2.515 m
the braking force acts at a height of 1.2 m above deck crown level.
the total height of action of braking force = 2.515 + 1.2
= 3.715 m
the reaction on each bearing due to braking force = ( span x no of bearings on one end)
= 200.0 x 3.715 / ( 38.2 x 4 )
= 4.86 = 4.9 KN per bearing

Hence max. ver. Load on bearing = 1266.5 + 573.5 + 4.9

= 1844.9 KN

Page 34
 Bearing Design

1.2 Hor. Forces

Due to 70 R Loading
braking force = 100 x 20.00% = 20 t = 200 kN

Due to Class A Loading

braking force = 55.4 x 0.00% = 0.0 t = 0 kN
0 kN
(5%+5%)
Total braking force = 200 + 0.0 = 200 Kn

i) braking force = ( 200 ) / 8

= 25.00 KN

2
Centrifugal force = Wv = 1108 x 100^2
127R 127 x 494.75

= 176 kN

ii) wind force

Refer Pier Design (P1) (wind section)
HL = 117.00 KN
HT = 176 + 347.00 121 644.00 KN

HL = 117.00 / 8.00 = 14.63 KN

HT = 644.00 / 8.00 = 80.50 KN

b) On unloaded structure

HL = 86.75 KN
HT = 347.00 KN

Wind per bearing

HL = 86.75 / 8.00 = 10.84 KN
HT = 347.00 / 8.00 = 43.38 KN

1.3 Horizontal Movement :- Cl: 304.9 of IRC : 21 - 2000

2. Strain in concrete due to Creep
Creep strain = 0.00040 for PSC girder at 28 days when placed on the bearings.

3. Strain in concrete due to Shrinkage

Total Shrinkage to infinity = 0.00020

Page 35
 Bearing Design

4. Strain in concrete due to temparature

Temparature variation from mean temparature = ± 20 0 C
Therefore the -ve temprature which is additive to creep and shrinkage 20 0 C
0
Thermal coefficioent = 1.17E-05 / C

Strain due to temperature = 1.17E-05 x 20 = 2.34E-04

Total Strain due to Creep, Shrinkage & Temparature

= 4.00E-04 + 2.00E-04 + 2.34E-04
= 8.340E-04
Total Movement due to Creep, Shrinkage & Temparature (at expn jt location) (28m x 3 spans)
= 8.340E-04 x 38.2 m x 1000 = 15.93 mm
2
1.4 Rotations

since the values of rotation given in staad are with instantaneous elastic modulus, the long term rotations are
calculated using half the E value

From super structure out put

Net rotation at No load = -.0005370radians
Net rotation at Full load = .0005026radians
Rotation due to DL + SDL

αL = 2 x 0.00054 = 0.00107 rad

αT = 2 x 0.00000 = 0.00000 rad

Rotation due to LL
αL = 0.00050 rad
αT = 0.00000 rad

Total rotation

αL = + 0.00050 = 0.00050 rad

αT = 0 + 0.00000 = 0.00000 rad

Net rotations

αL = 0.00050 + 0.00000 = 0.00050

αT = 0.00000

Page 36
 Bearing Design

DESIGN OF BEARING
(as per IRC 83 - 1987 (part - ii) cl. 916.3.3 Bearings)

1. Plan dimension (mm) = 600 x 330 x 80

2. l0 / b0 = 1.82 < 2
3. h = 60.0 mm < b0/5 = 66 mm> bo/10 = 33 mm
4. hi = 12 mm 4 nos. elastomer= 60
5. hs = 4 mm 5 nos. (Clause -916.2.2 of IRC 83 P-III)
6. he = 6 mm 2 nos.
7. c = 6 mm side cover neoprene
shape factor for each layer (S) = l x b / (2(l+b)xhi)

where l = 60 - 1.2 = 58.8 cm

b= 33 - 1.2 = 31.8 cm
hi = 1.2 cm

S = 58.8 x 31.8
2 x ( 58.8 + 31.8 ) x 1.2

= 8.60

S = 6< 8.60 < 12

1 lo/bo < 2 OKAY

2 h < bo/5 OKAY
3 8 < hi < 16 OKAY
4 3 < hs < 6 OKAY
5 4 < he < 6 OKAY
6 c = 6 mm OKAY
7 6 < S < 12 OKAY
LL Max LL min

Normal case
Translation OK OK
Rotation O.K O.K
Friction O.K O.K
Total Shear Stress OK OK

Wind Case
Translation OK OK
Rotation
Friction O.K O.K
Total Shear Stress OK OK

Page 37
 Bearing Design

γbd = (Δbd / h) + (τmd /G) in Mpa ≤ 0.7

HL = 25.00 + 14.63 = 39.63 KN

τbd = 39.63 x 1000 / ( 600 - 12 ) * ( 330 - 12

= 0.212 Mpa
G = Shear modulus = 1.0 Mpa Clause 915.2.1 (IRC-83 part-II)

Total elastomer depth = h = 12 x 4 + 6 x 2

= 60.0 mm

γbd = 15.93 / 60.0 ) + ( 0.212 / 1.0 )

= 0.477 Mpa

τld = 22.00 x 1000 / ( 600 - 12 ) * ( 330 - 12

= 0.118 Mpa
γbd = 0.00 + ( 0.118 / 1.0 )
= 0.118 Mpa
2 2
γd = sqrt ( 0.477 + 0.118 )
= 0.492 Mpa < 0.700 Mpa OK
Hence the bearing is safe in Translation.

CHECK FOR ROTATION (as per cl. 916.305):

1) the no. of elastomer layers provided shall satisfy the following

αd = ( 0.00050 x 318 + 0.00000 x 588 ) / 318

= 0.00050

αd < β x n x αbi,max
where αd = αbd and αbi,max = 0.5 x σm x hi / (b x S 2 )

β = ratio of acting σm to permissible value = σm/10

σm = average compressive stress
n = total no. of internal elastomer layers = 4 nos.
hi = thickness of individual layer of elastomer = 12 mm

for calculating αbi, σm shall be taken as 10 Mpa

σm = 1844.9 x 1000 / ( 58.8 x 31.8 ) =

2
= 986.7 N/cm = 9.87 Mpa
αbi,max = 0.5 x 10.0 x 1.2 / ( 31.8
2
x 8.60 )
= 0.0026

Page 38
 Bearing Design

β = 9.87 / 10 = 0.987

Hence β x n x αbi,max = 0.987 x 4 x 0.0026

= 0.01007

but αd = 0.00050 < 0.01007 O.K

Hence the bearing is safe in Rotation.

CHECK FOR FRICTION (as per Cl. 916.3.6):

σm = 1844.9 x 1000 / ( 58.8 x 31.8 )
2
= 986.7 N/cm = 9.87 Mpa
9.87 Mpa > 10.00 > 2 Mpa

γd = 0.492 Mpa

0.2 + 0.1 x σm = 0.2 + 0.1 x 9.87

= 1.187 Mpa

γ d < 0.2 + 0.1 x σm O.K

Hence the bearing is safe in Friction.

CHECK FOR TOTAL SHEAR STRESS (as per cl. 916.3.7) :

τc + τr + τα ≤ 5 Mpa

where τc = 1.5 σm /S 1.5 x 9.87 / 8.60 = 1.7 Mpa

τr = γd = 0.492 Mpa
τα = 0.5 x (b/hi) x αbi
2

2
= 0.5 x ( 31.80 / 1.2 ) x 0.0026
= 0.896 Mpa

Hence τc + τr + τα = 1.7 + 0.492 + 0.896

= 3.11 Mpa < 5 Mpa OK

Hence the bearing is safe in Total Shear Stress.

Page 39
 Bearing Design

Wind load Case

γbd = (Δbd / h) + (τmd /G) in Mpa ≤ 0.7

HL = 14.63 + 25.00 = 39.63 KN

τbd = 39.63 x 1000 / ( 600 - 12 ) * ( 330 - 12

= 0.212 Mpa
G = Shear modulus = 1.0 Mpa

Total elastomer depth = h = 12 x 4 + 6 x 2

= 60.0 mm

γbd = 11.46 / 60.0 ) + ( 0.212 / 1.0 )

= 0.403 Mpa

τld = 80.50 x 1000 / ( 600 - 12 ) * ( 330 - 12

= 0.431 Mpa
γbd = 0.00 + ( 0.431 / 1.0 )
= 0.431 Mpa
2 2
γd = sqrt ( 0.403 + 0.431 )
= 0.590 Mpa < 0.700 Mpa OK
Hence the bearing is safe in Translation.

CHECK FOR FRICTION (as per Cl. 916.3.6):

σm = 1840.0 x 1000 / ( 58.8 x 31.8 )
2
= 984.1 N/cm = 9.84 Mpa
9.84 Mpa > 10.00 > 2 Mpa

γd = 0.590 Mpa

0.2 + 0.1 x σm = 0.2 + 0.1 x 9.84

= 1.184 Mpa

γ d < 0.2 + 0.1 x σm O.K

Hence the bearing is safe in Friction.

Page 40
 Bearing Design

CHECK FOR TOTAL SHEAR STRESS (as per cl. 916.3.7) :

τc + τr + τα ≤ 5 Mpa

where τc = 1.5 σm /S 1.5 x 9.84 / 8.60 = 1.7 Mpa

τr = γd = 0.590 Mpa
τα = 0.5 x (b/hi) x αbi
2

2
= 0.5 x ( 31.80 / 1.2 ) x 0.0026
= 0.896 Mpa

Hence τc + τr + τα = 1.7 + 0.590 + 0.896

= 3.20 Mpa < 5 Mpa OK

Hence the bearing is safe in Total Shear Stress.

Page 41
 Bearing Design

Design of Elastomeric Bearings

The elastomeric pads will be designed as per IRC Bridge Code IRC: 83 (Part II) - 1987.

Size of bearing = 600 x 330 x 80 mm

The bearings are checked for the four load conditions given below.
(i) max. live load on a bearing case with attendant braking forces and wind loads.
(ii) min. live load on a bearing case with attendant braking forces and wind loads.

2. CASE OF MIN. LIVE LOAD ON THE BEARING

1.1 Vertical Loads
1. Dead Load + SDL = 1030.50 KN
(From Staad )

2. Live Load = (with impact) 0.00 KN

(From
p Staad )
3. Calculation of ver. Load on bearing due to braking (This is for load on 1 span only)
Due to 70 R Loading
braking force = 100 x 0.2 = 20 t = 200 kN

Due to Class A Loading

braking force = 55.4 x 0 = 0.0 t = 0 kN

Total braking force = 200 + 0.0 = 200 KN

Height of super structure = 1.9 + 0.200 + 0.065
= 2.165 m
the braking force acts at a height of 1.2 m above deck crown level.
the total height of action of braking force = 2.165 + 1.2
= 3.365 m
the reaction on each bearing due to braking force = ( span x no of bearings on one end)
= 200.0 x 3.365 / ( 21.2 x 4 )
= 7.95 = 8.0 KN per bearing

Hence max. ver. Load on bearing = 1030.5 + 0.0 + 8.0

= 1038.5 KN

1.2 Hor. Forces

i) braking force = = 25.00 KN

Centrifugal force = 176 kN

ii) wind force

Page 42
 Bearing Design

HL = 117.00 KN
HT = 644.00 KN

HL = 117.00 / 8.00 = 14.63 KN

HT = 644.00 / 8.00 = 80.50 KN

b) On unloaded structure

HL = 86.75 KN
HT = 347.00 KN

Wind per bearing

HL = 86.75 / 8.00 = 10.84 KN
HT = 347.00 / 8.00 = 43.38 KN

1.3 Horizontal Movement :- Cl: 304.9 of IRC : 21 - 2000

2. Strain in concrete due to Creep
Creep strain = 0.00040 for PSC girder at 28 days when placed on the bearings.

3. Strain in concrete due to Shrinkage

Total Shrinkage to infinity = 0.00020

4. Strain in concrete due to temparature

Temparature variation from mean temparature = ± 20 0 C
Therefore the -ve temprature which is additive to creep and shrinkage 20 0 C
0
Thermal coefficioent = 1.17E-05 / C

Strain due to temperature = 1.17E-05 x 20 = 2.34E-04

Total Strain due to Creep, Shrinkage & Temparature

= 4.00E-04 + 2.00E-04 + 2.34E-04
= 8.340E-04
Total Movement due to Creep, Shrinkage & Temparature (at expn jt location) (28m x 3 spans)
= 8.340E-04 x 23.2 m x 1000 = 9.66 mm
2
1.4 Rotations

since the values of rotation given in staad are with instantaneous elastic modulus, the long term rotations are
calculated using half the E value

From super structure out put

Net rotation at No load = -.0005370radians
Net rotation at Full load = .0005026radians

Page 43
 Bearing Design

Rotation due to DL + SDL

αL = 2 x 0.00054 = 0.00107 rad

αT = 2 x 0.00000 = 0.00000 rad

Rotation due to LL
αL = 0.00050 rad
αT = 0.00000 rad

Total rotation

αL = + 0.00050 = 0.00050 rad

αT = 0 + 0.00000 = 0.00000 rad

Net rotations

αL = 0.00050 + 0.00000 = 0.00050

αT = 0.00000
DESIGN OF BEARING
γbd = (Δbd / h) + (τmd /G) in Mpa ≤ 0.7

HL = 25.00 + 14.63 = 39.63 KN

τbd = 39.63 x 1000 / ( 600 - 12 ) * ( 330 - 12

= 0.212 Mpa
G = Shear modulus = 1.0 Mpa

Total elastomer depth = h = 12 x 4 + 6 x 2

= 60.0 mm

γbd = 9.66 / 60.0 ) + ( 0.212 / 1.0 )

= 0.373 Mpa

τld = 22.00 x 1000 / ( 600 - 12 ) * ( 330 - 12

= 0.118 Mpa
γbd = 0.00 + ( 0.118 / 1.0 )
= 0.118 Mpa
2 2
γd = sqrt ( 0.373 + 0.118 )
= 0.391 Mpa < 0.700 Mpa OK
Hence the bearing is safe in Translation.

Page 44
 Bearing Design

CHECK FOR ROTATION (as per cl. 916.305):

1) the no. of elastomer layers provided shall satisfy the following

αd = ( 0.00050 x 318 + 0.00000 x 588 ) / 318

= 0.00050

αd < β x n x αbi,max
where αd = αbd and αbi,max = 0.5 x σm x hi / (b x S )
2

β = ratio of acting σm to permissible value = σm/10

σm = average compressive stress
n = total no. of internal elastomer layers = 4 nos.
hi = thickness of individual layer of elastomer = 12 mm

for calculating αbi, σm shall be taken as 10 Mpa

σm = 1038.5 x 1000 / ( 58.8 x 31.8 ) =

2
= 555.4 N/cm = 5.55 Mpa
αbi,max = 0.5 x 10.0 x 1.2 / ( 31.8
2
x 8.60 )
= 0.0026

β = 5.55 / 10 = 0.555

Hence β x n x αbi,max = 0.555 x 4 x 0.0026

= 0.00567

but αd = 0.00050 < 0.00567 O.K

Hence the bearing is safe in Rotation.

CHECK FOR FRICTION (as per Cl. 916.3.6):

σm = 1038.5 x 1000 / ( 58.8 x 31.8 )
2
= 555.4 N/cm = 5.55 Mpa
5.55 Mpa > 10.00 > 2 Mpa

γd = 0.391 Mpa

0.2 + 0.1 x σm = 0.2 + 0.1 x 5.55

= 0.755 Mpa

γ d < 0.2 + 0.1 x σm O.K

Hence the bearing is safe in Friction.

Page 45
 Bearing Design

CHECK FOR TOTAL SHEAR STRESS (as per cl. 916.3.7) :

τc + τr + τα ≤ 5 Mpa

where τc = 1.5 σm /S 1.5 x 5.55 / 8.60 = 1.0 Mpa

τr = γd = 0.391 Mpa
τα = 0.5 x (b/hi) x αbi
2

2
= 0.5 x ( 31.80 / 1.2 ) x 0.0026
= 0.896 Mpa

Hence τc + τr + τα = 1.0 + 0.391 + 0.896

= 2.26 Mpa < 5 Mpa OK

Hence the bearing is safe in Total Shear Stress.

Wind load Case

γbd = (Δbd / h) + (τmd /G) in Mpa ≤ 0.7

HL = 14.63 + 25.00 = 39.63 KN

τbd = 39.63 x 1000 / ( 600 - 12 ) * ( 330 - 12

= 0.212 Mpa
G = Shear modulus = 1.0 Mpa

Total elastomer depth = h = 12 x 4 + 6 x 2

= 60.0 mm

γbd = 6.95 / 60.0 ) + ( 0.212 / 1.0 )

= 0.328 Mpa

τld = 80.50 x 1000 / ( 600 - 12 ) * ( 330 - 12

= 0.431 Mpa
γbd = 0.00 + ( 0.431 / 1.0 )
= 0.431 Mpa
2 2
γd = sqrt ( 0.328 + 0.431 )
= 0.541 Mpa < 0.700 Mpa OK
Hence the bearing is safe in Translation.

Page 46
 Bearing Design

CHECK FOR FRICTION (as per Cl. 916.3.6):

σm = 1030.5 x 1000 / ( 58.8 x 31.8 )
2
= 551.1 N/cm = 5.51 Mpa
5.51 Mpa > 10.00 > 2 Mpa

γd = 0.541 Mpa

0.2 + 0.1 x σm = 0.2 + 0.1 x 5.51

= 0.751 Mpa

γ d < 0.2 + 0.1 x σm O.K

Hence the bearing is safe in Friction.

CHECK FOR TOTAL SHEAR STRESS (as per cl. 916.3.7) :

τc + τr + τα ≤ 5 Mpa

where τc = 1.5 σm /S 1.5 x 5.51 / 8.60 = 1.0 Mpa

τr = γd = 0.541 Mpa
τα = 0.5 x (b/hi) x αbi
2

2
= 0.5 x ( 31.80 / 1.2 ) x 0.0026
= 0.896 Mpa

Hence τc + τr + τα = 1.0 + 0.541 + 0.896

= 2.40 Mpa < 5 Mpa OK

Hence the bearing is safe in Total Shear Stress.

Page 47
 C

he
1. 450 300 64 8 4 5 4 12 6 6

hi

hs
2. 500 300 64 8 4 5 4 12 6 6

hi
BEARING CL

hs
ho
3. 600 320 80 8 5 6 4 12 6 6

hi

hs
hi

hs
CL BEARING

he
PLAN SECTION OF
ELASTOMERIC BEARING lo : Dimension of Bearing in direction perpendular to traffic
bo : Dimension of Bearing in direction parallel to traffic
Niel : No. of internal elastomer layer in a Bearing
Nisl : No. of internal steel laminates (Niel + 1)

bo hi : Thickness of internal elastomer layer

hs : Thickness of each steel laminate
lo ELASTOMERIC BEARING
he : Thickness of external elastomer layer
c : Side cover
ho : Total height of Bearing (2xhe + Nielxhi + Nislxhs)
N : Total No. of Bearings per Span = 8
ho

6
c b c

ISOMETRIC VIEW OF DETAIL OF RECESS

ELASTOMERIC BEARING

REV
DATE DESCRIPTION CHKD APPD
NO.
CLIENT: DATE:
NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA
6

6
PROJECT:
PROPOSED FOUR LANING OF KUNDAPUR-SURATKAL DRN:
SECTION OF NH-17 FROM Km 283.30
TO 358.08, Km 375.300 TO 376.700 AND
FROM 3.700 TO Km 17.200
CHECKED:
TYP SEATING ARRANGEMENT NAVAYUGA UDUPI TOLLWAY PRIVATE LIMITED
HYDERABAD.
(BEARING) APPROVED:
TITLE:

DETAILS: SCALE:
ELASTOMERIC BEARING DETAILS
FOR SPAN 23.16m, 25.88m & 40.20m
JOB NO. DRG. NO: REV. NO.