香港聯校數學學會 主辦

順德聯誼總會梁銶琚中學 協辦

Question Booklet

問題簿

Inter-School Mathematics Contest 2017 – Individual Event (Junior Section)

2017 聯校數學比賽 – 個人賽（初級組）

April 22, 2017

2017 年 4 月 22 日

Time allowed: 1.5 hours

時限：1.5 小時
 Instructions to contestants 參賽者須知

1. This paper consists of 18 questions. The total score of the paper is 150.

全卷共有 18 題，全卷滿分為 150 分。

2. For Section B, contestants should write down steps of working, proofs, as well as the final
answer, on Individual Contest – Long Question Answer Sheet.

在回答乙部分時，參賽者應將計算過程、證明及最後答案寫在個人項目長答答題紙上。

3. Contestants may write on the back of each sheet of paper if necessary. Extra answer sheets
will be given on request.

如有需要，可在每張紙的背面書寫，及向監考員索取附加答題紙。

4. Attempt all questions in this paper.

本卷全部題目均需作答。

5. Unless otherwise stated, all numbers in this paper are in decimal system.

除非特別指明，本卷內所有數字皆以十進制表示。

6. Unless otherwise stated, answers should be given in exact values in decimal system and in
the simplest form. No approximation will be accepted.

除非特別指明，所有答案皆應以十進制的精確值表示，並化至最簡。不接受近似值。

7. The use of calculators is NOT allowed.

不可使用計算機。

8. The diagrams in this paper are not necessarily drawn to scale.

本卷內的附圖未必依比例繪成。

ISMC 2017 Individual Event – Junior Page 2

The followings are some useful formulae and theorems:
以下是一些有用的公式及定理：

Menelaus’ Theorem 𝐵𝑁 𝐴𝑀 𝐶𝐿
× × =1
梅涅勞斯定理 𝑁𝐴 𝑀𝐶 𝐿𝐵

Ceva’s Theorem 𝐵𝐷 𝐶𝐸 𝐴𝐹
× × =1
塞瓦定理 𝐷𝐶 𝐸𝐴 𝐹𝐵

Angle Bisector Theorem AB AC

=
角平分線定理 BD CD

Fermat’s Little Theorem If 𝑝 is a prime, then for any integer 𝑎, (𝑎𝑝 − 𝑎) is divisible by 𝑝.
費馬小定理 若 𝑝 為一質數，對於所有整數 𝑎，皆有 (𝑎𝑝 − 𝑎) 能被 𝑝 整除。
𝑛 is a natural number, we have:
Sum of consecutive
𝑛 是自然數，則有：
perfect squares
連續平方數之和 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 1)
12 + 22 + ⋯ + 𝑛2 =
6

The followings are some common notations:

以下是一些常用的記號：

𝑥 is a real number, and 𝑦 is a natural number.

𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑦 ∈ ℕ
𝑥 是實數，𝑦 是自然數。
𝑎 and 𝑏 leave the same remainder when divided by 𝑚.
𝑎 ≡ 𝑏 (mod 𝑚)
𝑎 和 𝑏 除以 𝑚 時的餘數相同。
𝑎 can be divided by 𝑏.
𝑎|𝑏
𝑎 能被 𝑏 整除。
For any positive integers 𝑛, 𝑛! = 1 × 2 × 3 × ⋯ × 𝑛. Moreover, 0! = 1.
𝑛!
對任何正整數 𝑛，𝑛! = 1 × 2 × 3 × ⋯ × 𝑛。另外，0! = 1。
For any non-negative integers 𝑛 and 𝑟, where 𝑛 ≥ 𝑟, we have:
𝑛 對任何非負整數 𝑛 和 𝑟，其中 𝑛 ≥ 𝑟，則有：
𝐶𝑟𝑛 or ( ) / 𝑃𝑟𝑛
𝑟 𝑛! 𝑛!
𝐶𝑟𝑛 = / 𝑃𝑟𝑛 =
𝑟! (𝑛 − 𝑟)! 𝑟!
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Section A. Short Questions (90 marks)
甲部. 短題目 (90 分)
Write down your answers only in the provided spaces in Short Question Answer Sheet.
No working steps are required.
只需填寫答案在供應的短答答題紙上，不必詳列步驟。

Four-mark Questions 四分題

Q1. 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 1) 12 + 22 + ⋯ + 1002
Given that 12 + 22 + ⋯ + 𝑛2 = , evaluate .
6 1 + 2 + ⋯ + 100

2 2 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 1) 12 + 22 + ⋯ + 1002

已知 1 + 2 + ⋯ + 𝑛2 = ，求 的值。
6 1 + 2 + ⋯ + 100

Q2. Larry randomly paints 2017 balls red or green. Find the probability that the number of red
balls is more than that of green balls.
子路任意把 2017 個球塗成紅色或綠色，求紅色球數量比綠色球數量多的概率。

Q3. In the following figure, each of the letters 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷, 𝐸 represents a different integer
ranging from 0 to 9. Find the 5-digit positive integer 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸 .
在下圖中，英文字母 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷, 𝐸 各代表從 0 至 9 不同的數字，求五位數 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸 的值。

Q4. The Hydra is a mythical Greek monster with initially 3 heads. Whenever you cut off one of
its heads, three more heads will be created and taken its place. Suppose the Hydra has
2017 heads currently, how many heads have been cut off from the Hydra?
海卓拉是古希臘神話裡的的妖怪，它最初有 3 個頭，而每次你斬下它一個頭，三個頭會長出來並
代替斬下的那個頭。如果海卓拉現在有 2017 個頭，問海卓拉有多少個頭已被斬下來？

ISMC 2017 Individual Event – Junior Page 4

Q5. Every night, if Yan Yau has slept 24 hours or more in the past 3 nights, then he will sleep 2
hours less than the night before. If Yan Yau has slept less than 24 hours in the past 3
nights, he will sleep 1 more hour than the night before.
Suppose Yan Yau sleeps for exactly 7, 8, and 9 hours on the first 3 nights respectively, how
many hours did Yan Yau sleep in total in the first 2017 nights?
每晚，如果恩祐過去三晚的總睡眠時間為 24 小時或以上，他就會比上一晚少睡兩小時。如果恩
祐過去三晚的總睡眠時間為 24 小時以下，他就會比上一晚多睡一小時。
假如恩祐首三晚分別睡了 7、8 和 9 個小時，問恩祐在首 2017 晚的總睡眠時間為多少小時？

Six-mark Questions 六分題

Q6. In 𝛥𝐴𝐵𝐶, ∠𝐴 =60° and ∠𝐵 = 90°. 𝐷 and 𝐸 are on 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐴𝐶 respectively such that 𝐵𝐷 ∶ 𝐶𝐸
= 6 ∶ 5 and 𝐴𝐷 ∶ 𝐴𝐸 = 3 ∶ 20 . Suppose the area of Δ𝐴𝐷𝐸 and Δ𝐵𝐶𝐸 are 𝐾1 and 𝐾2
respectively, find 𝐾1 : 𝐾2 .
在三角形 ΔABC 中，∠A = 60° 和∠B = 90°。D 和 E 分別在 AB 和 AC 上，使得 𝐵𝐷 ∶ 𝐶𝐸 = 6 ∶ 5 和
𝐴𝐷 ∶ 𝐴𝐸 = 3 ∶ 20。假設三角形 ΔADE 和 ΔBCE 的面積分別為 𝐾1 和 𝐾2 ，求 𝐾1 : 𝐾2 。

Q7. Given that 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = 35 and 𝑎𝑏 = 60, and 𝑎 is a positive real number, find the value of a.
已知 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = 35 和 𝑎𝑏 = 60，而𝑎為一正實數，求 a 的值。

Q8. A point P(5, 4) is rotated clockwise by 90°, 180° and 270° about the origin to points Q, R
and S respectively. Find the area of PQRS.
把點 P(5, 4) 繞原點順時針旋轉 90°、180° 和 270° 後，所得點分別為 Q、R 和 S。求 PQRS
的面積。

Q9. Find the largest integer 𝑛 such that for any 1 ≤ 𝑘 ≤ 𝑛 − 1, the remainder is 𝑘 when 𝑘 3 is
divided by 𝑛.
求最大整數 𝑛 使得對所有 1 ≤ 𝑘 ≤ 𝑛 − 1，當 𝑘 3 除以 𝑛 後的餘數為 k。

ISMC 2017 Individual Event – Junior Page 5

Q10. In the grid below, each alphabet represents a different integer ranging from 1 to 7. When
comparing the sum of numbers in a row or column to that of any other rows or columns,
the two sums are of the same parity (either both even or both odd) and differ by at most 2.
Find the sum of all possible values of 𝑎.
在下圖的方格表中，每個英文字母代表 1 至 7 中不同的整數。如果把一行或一列的數字之和與任
何其他行或列的數字之和比較，它們的奇偶性相同 (兩者皆奇或兩者皆偶)，而且它們之間的差最
多為 2。求 𝑎 的所有可能值之和。

Eight-mark Questions 八分題

Q11. Suppose 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 0 and 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 𝑐 3 = 30, find the value of 𝑎𝑏𝑐.
設 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 0和 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 𝑐 3 = 30，求 𝑎𝑏𝑐 的值。

Q12. Initially, beaker A has 1L of water and beaker B has no water. In the first move, Samuel
pours half of the water from beaker A into beaker B. In the second move, Mandy pours
half of the water from beaker B into beaker A. The above two processes are repeated.
After 2017 moves, the volume of water in beaker A is 𝑥 litres. Find 𝑥. Correct your answer
to 3 significant figures.

起初，燒杯 A 有 1 升的水，而燒杯 B 卻沒有水。在第一步，信明把燒杯 A 中一半的水倒至燒杯

B；在第二步，敏怡把燒杯 𝐵 中的一半水倒至燒杯 A。以上兩步不斷重複。在第 2017 步後，燒
杯 A 中的水量為 𝑥 升。求 𝑥 至 3 位有效數值。

Q13. In a rectangle ABCD, given that AB = 7 and BC = 24. Suppose E is a point on AC such that
𝐷𝐸 ⊥ 𝐴𝐶, find the distance from E to BC.
在矩形ABCD 中，已知 AB = 7 和BC = 24。設E 為 AC上的一點使得𝐷𝐸 ⊥ 𝐴𝐶 。求 E 到 BC 的距
離。

Q14. Let 𝑎 be an integer between 1 and 100 inclusively, and 𝑥 be the product of all factors of 𝑎.
If there does not exist an integer 𝑛 such that 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑥, we call such 𝑎 as a “lucky” number,
find the sum of all “lucky” numbers .
設 a 為一個在 1 與 100 之間 (包括 1 及 100) 的整數，而𝑥為𝑎的所有因數之積。如果不存在任何
整數 𝑛 使得 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑥，我們稱這些 a 為“幸運數”，求所有“幸運數”之和。

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Q15. Define 𝑋𝑌𝑍 as the 3-digit number having first digit 𝑋, second digit 𝑌, and third digit 𝑍. For
example, if 𝑋 = 1, 𝑌 = 2, 𝑍 = 3, then 𝑋𝑌𝑍 = 123.
4 4 4
Suppose 𝐴𝐵𝐶 × 3 = 𝐶𝐴𝐵, 𝐶𝐴𝐵 × 3 = 𝐵𝐶𝐴 and 𝐵𝐶𝐴 × 3 = 𝑥, find the sum of all possible
values of 𝑥.

定義 𝑋𝑌𝑍 為一個 3 位數字，當中其百位為 𝑋 、十位為 𝑌 、個位為 𝑍 。例如當 𝑋 = 1， 𝑌 = 2，

̅̅̅̅̅̅ = 123。
𝑍 = 3 時，𝑋𝑌𝑍
4 4 4
假如 𝐴𝐵𝐶 × = 𝐶𝐴𝐵，𝐶𝐴𝐵 × = 𝐵𝐶𝐴 和 𝐵𝐶𝐴 × = 𝑥，求 𝑥 的所有可能值之和。
3 3 3

***END OF SECTION A***

***甲部完***

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Section B. Long Questions (60 marks)
乙部. 長題目 (60 分)
Write your solutions to each question clearly on the long question answer sheet provided. Correct
answer with complete solution merits full marks. Even if you fail to solve the problem, partial
credits may still be awarded under the following situations:
1. Correct answer(s) (Only account for about 20% of total score)
2. Incomplete solution(s)
3. Significant observation or creative idea
4. Discussion on non-trivial special case(s)

請在長題目答題紙上寫下詳盡解答。正確答案及步驟可取得滿分，若無法解答題目，亦應寫下對
該題目的想法。評卷員會根據下列情況給予部分分數：
1. 正確答案 (只佔約 20% 分數)
2. 未完成解答
3. 發現解答重點 或 有建設性想法
4. 對非顯然的特殊情況作出討論

Q1. In a 4 × 4 grid, if two cells are “adjacent”, they share a common edge. Each cell of the 4 × 4
grid is labelled “A cell” or “B cell”. For every A cell, at least one of its adjacent cells is a B
cell. Let the number of A cells and B cells be 𝑎 and 𝑏 respectively.
在一個 4 × 4 的方格表中，如果兩個方格“相鄰”，則它們有共同的邊。該 4 × 4 的方格
表中，每一個方格都被標記為“A 方格”或“B 方格”，而對於每一個 A 方格，至少一
個與它相鄰的方格為 B 方格。設 A 方格和 B 方格的數量分別為 𝑎 和 𝑏。

(a) Show that 4𝑏 ≥ 𝑎. (7 marks)

證明 4𝑏 ≥ 𝑎。 (7分)

(b) Hence, prove that 𝑏 ≥ 4. (7 marks)

由此，證明𝑏 ≥ 4。 (7分)

(c) Construct a way of labelling when 𝑏 = 4. (6 marks)

給出一個滿足 𝑏 = 4 的標記方法。 (6分)

Q2. 𝑏𝑥+1
𝑏
+1
𝑥
Suppose 𝑎, 𝑏 are two constants and 𝑥 is a variable such that the product of and 2
2𝑥+𝑎 +𝑎
𝑥
is equal to another constant 𝑘, where 𝑎 is non-zero.

𝑏
𝑏𝑥+1 +1
𝑥
假設 𝑎, 𝑏 為兩個常數，而 𝑥 為一變量使得 和 2 的積為另一常數 𝑘，當中 𝑎 不等於
2𝑥+𝑎 +𝑎
𝑥
零。

ISMC 2017 Individual Event – Junior Page 8

 1 1
(a) Show that 𝑏 2 + 𝑏 (𝑥 + ) + 1 = 4𝑘 + 2𝑎𝑘 (𝑥 + ) + 𝑘𝑎2 . (4 marks)
𝑥 𝑥
1 1
證明 𝑏 2 + 𝑏 (𝑥 + 𝑥) + 1 = 4𝑘 + 2𝑎𝑘 (𝑥 + 𝑥) + 𝑘𝑎2 。 (4 分)

(b) By comparing coefficients of like terms,

比較同類項的系數，

i. Express 𝑘 in terms of 𝑎 and 𝑏. (3 marks)

求 𝑘 的值，答案以 𝑎 和 𝑏 表示。 (3 分)

2𝑏 𝑎𝑏
ii. Show that 𝑏 2 + 1 = + . (3 marks)
𝑎 2
2𝑏 𝑎𝑏
證明 𝑏 2 + 1 = + 。 (3 分)
𝑎 2

(c) Factorize the expression in (bii), and express b in terms of 𝑎. (7 marks)

因式分解(bii)的表達式，並以 𝑎 表示 𝑏。 (7 分)

1 1
(d) Using above results, or otherwise, show that 𝑘 = 4 or 𝑎2 . (3 marks)
1 1
利用上述結果，或使用其他方法，證明 𝑘 = 4 或 𝑎2 。 (3 分)

Q3. In Δ𝐴𝐵𝐶, 𝐷 and 𝐸 are points on 𝐵𝐶 and 𝐶𝐴 respectively. Given that 𝐵𝐷: 𝐷𝐶 = 3: 2 and
𝐴𝐸: 𝐸𝐶 = 3: 4. Suppose 𝐴𝐷 and 𝐵𝐸 intersect at 𝑀, and the area of Δ𝐴𝐵𝐶 is 2017.

在三角形 𝛥𝐴𝐵𝐶 中， 𝐷 和 𝐸 分別為 𝐵𝐶 和 𝐶𝐴 上的點。已知 𝐵𝐷: 𝐷𝐶 = 3: 2 和 𝐴𝐸: 𝐸𝐶 = 3: 4，

假如 𝐴𝐷 與 𝐵𝐸 相交於 𝑀，而 Δ𝐴𝐵𝐶 的面積為2017。

(a) Find the area of Δ𝐴𝐵𝐸 and Δ𝐵𝐸𝐶 respectively. (4 marks)

求 Δ𝐴𝐵𝐸 和 Δ𝐵𝐸𝐶 的面積。 (4 分)

(b) Find the ratio of area of Δ𝐵𝐸𝐶 to area of Δ𝐵𝑀𝐷. (12 marks)
求 Δ𝐵𝐸𝐶 的面積與 Δ𝐵𝑀𝐷 的面積之比。 (12 分)

(c) Using (a) and (b), or otherwise, find the area of Δ𝐵𝑀𝐷. (4 marks)
利用(a) 和(b)，或使用其他方法，求 Δ𝐵𝑀𝐷 的面積。 (4 分)

∗∗∗ 𝑬𝒏𝒅 𝒐𝒇 𝑷𝒂𝒑𝒆𝒓 ∗∗∗

***全卷完***

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