Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CHAPTER
Kinetic Energy and
7 Work
Kinetic energy
Work
Work-energy theorem
Gravitational work
Work of spring forces
Power
1. A single force acts on a 5.0-kg object in such a way that the position of the object as a function of time is
given by x = 10.0 –5.0 t2 , with x in meters and t in seconds. Find the work done on the object from t = 0 to t =
4.0 s. (Ans: 4000 J)
2. You are supposed to pull a 2000 kg equipment across a horizontal frozen lake by means of a horizontal
rope. The coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.05. What is the amount of work you will do by pulling the
equipment 100 m at constant velocity? (Ans: 98 kJ)
3. A single force F acts on a 2.0-kg particle and changes its velocity from vi = (4.0 î – 3.0 ĵ ) m/s at t = 0 to
vf = (4.0 î + 3.0 ĵ ) m/s at t = 3.0 s. During this time, what is the work done by F on the particle? (Ans: 0)
4. An 800-kg car is traveling at velocity 12 î (m/s). When the brakes are applied, the car changes its velocity to
12 ĵ m/s in 4.0 s. What is the change in kinetic energy of the car in this time period? (Ans: 0 J)
5. A 5.0-kg block is moving horizontally at 6.0 m/s. In order to change its speed to 10.0 m/s, what must be
the net work done on the block? (Ans: 160 J)
6. A particle moves in the xy plane from the point (0,1) m to point (3,5) m while being acted upon by a
constant force F = 4 î + 2 ĵ + 4 k̂ (N). What is the work done on the particle by this force? (Ans: 20 J)
7. An object of mass 1.0 kg is whirled in a horizontal circle of radius 0.50 m at a constant speed of 2.0 m/s.
The work done on the object during one revolution is: (Ans: 0)
8. An object is constrained by a cord to move in a circular path of radius 0.5 m on a horizontal frictionless
surface. The cord will break if its tension exceeds 16 N. What is the maximum kinetic energy the object can
have? (Ans: 4.0 J)
9. A person lifts a 0.40-kg cup of water 0.64 m vertically up at a constant speed of 1.2 m/s. What is the work
done on the cup by the person? (Ans: 2.5 J)
10. A particle moves from xi = 0 to xf = 5.0 m while being acted on by a single force F = 3x2 directed along
the x axis. Find the change in the kinetic energy during this motion. (Ans: 125 J)
11. Figure 1 gives the only force Fx that can act on a particle. If the particle has a kinetic energy of 10 J at
x = 0, find the kinetic energy of the particle when it is at x = 8.0 m. (Ans: 30 J)
r1 =(3.00 î – 2.00 ĵ ) m to a final position r2 = (5.00 î + 4.00 ĵ ) m in 4.00 s . What is the average power due to the
force during that time interval? (Ans: 12.0 W)
25. A car accelerates from zero to 30 m/s in 1.5 s. Assuming the same average power is delivered by the car,
how long does it take to accelerate it from zero to 60 m/s? (Ignore friction). (Ans: 6.0 s)
26. A projectile of mass 0.20 kg is fired with an initial speed of 20 m/s at an angle of 60o above the horizontal.
What is the kinetic energy of the projectile at its highest point? (Ans: 10 J)
43. An elevator is designed to carry a load of 2.00 × 104 N from the ground to a height of 87.5 m in a time of
18.0 seconds. What is the average power that must be supplied by the motor of the elevator to lift this load?
(Ans: 97.2 kW)
44. A 1.00 kg ball falls to the ground from a height of 10.0 m and bounces back to a height of 8.00 m. What is
the total work done by the gravitational force on the ball? (Ans: +19.6 J)
45. A single force F, of magnitude 10.0 N, accelerates an object of mass 5.0 kg for three seconds starting from
rest at t = 0. What is the work done on the object in the time interval from t = 2.0 s to t = 3.0 s? (Ans: 50 J)
46. A net force of (50 î ) N is acting on a 2.0-kg box that was initially at rest at the origin. At the instant the
object has the position vector (2.0 î ), what is the rate at which the force is doing work on the box? (Ans: 500 W)
47. A rope exerts a force F on a 20.0 kg crate in lifting it vertically upward above the floor. The crate starts
from rest and accelerates upward at 5.00 m/s2. How much work was done by the force F in raising the crate 4.00
m above the floor? (Ans: 1.18 kJ)
48. A 0.50 kg object, moving along the x-axis, experiences the force shown in figure 11. The object’s velocity
at x = 0.0 m is v = 2.0 m/s, and at x = 4.0 m is v = 8.0 m/s. What is Fmax? (Ans: 5.0 N)
49. A constant tension force is used to pull a 50.0 kg box up a frictionless plane inclined at 30.0° relative to
the horizontal. The tension force is parallel to the incline. The box is moved a distance of 30.0 m along the
incline with a constant speed of 1.00 m/s. At what rate is work done by the tension force? (A: 245 W)
50. A net horizontal force of 50 N acts on a 2.0-kg block which starts from rest on a horizontal frictionless
surface. What is the rate at which the work is being done by this force at t = 2.0 s? (Ans: 2500 W)
51. At what rate is the weight of a 2.0 kg projectile doing work at an instant when the velocity of the
projectile is 4.0 m/s directed 30o degrees above the horizontal? (Ans: – 39 W)
52. A 3.00 x 103 N automobile accelerates from rest to 50.0 m/s in 6.00 s with a constant acceleration.
Calculate the instantaneous power delivered by the engine at t = 6.00 s. (Ans: 128 kW)
53. A man pushes a 30.0 kg box a horizontal distance of 4.50 m along a level floor at a constant velocity. The
coefficient of kinetic friction between the box and the floor is 0.250. Find the total work done on the box.
(Ans: zero)
54. Figure 12 shows a plot of the acceleration ax versus the displacement x for a particle of mass m = 2.0 kg
moving along the x-axis. The scale of the figure’s vertical axis is set by as = 3.0 m/s2 How much work is done on
the particle as it moves from x = 2.0 to x = 6.0 m? (Ans: 12 J)
55. A pump is required to lift 800 kg of water per minute from a well 14.0 m deep and eject it with a speed of
18.0 m/s. What must be the average power output of the pump? (Ans: 3.99 kW)
56. If it takes 2.0 J of work to stretch a spring 20 cm from its un-stretched length, what is the extra work
required to stretch it an additional 20 cm. (Ans: 6.0 J)
10. Which of the following is the correct combination of dimensions for energy?
A. ML2/T2
B. LT2/M
C. MLT
D. M2L3T
E. ML/T2
14. A spring has a spring constant k . If the work done in stretching the spring a distance x = L from the
equilibrium position is W, the work required to stretch the spring from x i = L to x f = 2 L will be:
A) 3 W
B) 5 W
C) 4 W
D) 2 W
E) 1 W
15. A single force acts on the body causing the body to move in a straight line. A plot of the body’s velocity
versus time is shown in the figure 10. The correct statement among the following is:
A) in moving from D to E, the work done by the force on the body is positive.
B) in moving from B to C no work is done on the body but the body does work on the
system.
C) in moving from C to D, the work done by the force on the body is positive.
D) in moving from A to B, the work done by the force on the body is negative.
E) in moving from A to D, the work done by the force on the body is positive.
Figure 11 Figure 12