Quiz 4

Drews, Scott – Quiz 4 – Due: Dec 7 2006, midnight – Inst: Ditmire 1
This print-out should have 23 questions. P

Multiple-choice questions may continue on 6 S2 Q S1 ≈ 90◦
the next column or page – find all choices
viewing
³ y´
screen
before answering. The due time is Central r1
y
−1
time. an
S1
r2 θ = t L
d O
001 (part 1 of 1) 10 points S2
Q
What is the frequency of an electromagnetic δ ≈ d sin θ ≈ r2 − r1
wave if it has a wavelength of 1.2 km? The L
speed of light is 3 × 108 m/s.
Correct answer: 250000 Hz.
Explanation: r1
S1
Let : λ = 1.2 km and ³ y´
−1
c = 3.00 × 108 m/s . θ = tan L
d
The speed is r2 ◦
θ 0
Q S ≈9 r1
c = fλ Q 1
c S2 6 S2 ≈ r2 −
nθ
f=
λ ≈ d si
δ
3 × 108 m/s 1 km
= · 3
1.2 km 10 m For constructive interference
= 250000 Hz .
λL
ybright = m, (1)
d
keywords: with m = 2, y2 = 0.0449 m, L = 1.28 m, and
d = 3 × 10−5 m
002 (part 1 of 2) 10 points
d y2
The second-order bright fringe (m = 2) is λ=
4.49 cm from the center line. mL
(3 × 10−5 m) (0.0449 m)
=
(2) (1.28 m)
4.49 cm
= 5.26172 × 10−7 m
= 526.172 nm .
0.03 mm
S1
θ
viewing

screen
S2
Calculate the distance between adjacent
1.28 m bright fringes.
Determine the wavelength of the light. Correct answer: 2.245 cm.
Correct answer: 526.172 nm. Explanation:
Explanation: From equation (1) and the results of the
first part of the problem, we get
λ L (m + 1) λ L m
Let : y = 4.49 cm , ym+1 − ym = −
d d
L = 1.28 m , and λL
d = 0.03 mm , =
d
(5.26172 × 10−7 m) (1.28 m) In the triangle on the left we have angles

=
(3 × 10−5 m)
180◦ − θ1 180◦ − θ2
= 0.02245 m θ, , and , so
2 2
= 2.245 cm .
180◦ − θ1 180◦ − θ2
180◦ = θ + + , or
2 2
keywords: θ1 + θ 2 = 2 θ . (1)
In the triangle on the right we have angles
The reflecting surfaces of two intersecting flat θ1 , θ2 , and φ .
mirrors are at an angle of 63 ◦ , as shown in
the figure. A light ray strikes the horizon- 180◦ = θ1 + θ2 + φ , so
tal mirror, reflects off the horizontal mirror,
impinges on the raised mirror, reflects off the θ1 + θ2 = 180◦ − φ . (2)
raised mirror, and proceeds in the right-hand Combining Eq. 1 and 2, we have
direction.
φ = 180◦ − 2 θ
φ = 180◦ − 2 (63◦ )
= 54◦ .
As a matter of interest, in the upper-half

of the figure the angles (clockwise) in the
63◦ triangles from left to right are
39◦ , 39◦ , and 102◦ ;

Figure is not drawn to scale.
78◦ , 27◦ , and 75◦ ;
Calculate the angle φ. 105◦ , 24◦ , and 51◦ ;
129◦ , 24◦ , and 27◦ ;
Correct answer: 54 ◦ .
Explanation: and in the lower-half of the figure the angles
Basic Concept: (counter-clockwise) in the triangles from left
to right are
θincident = θref lected
24◦ , 24◦ , and 132◦ ;
Solution: 48◦ , 27◦ , and 105◦ ;
75◦ , 39◦ , and 66◦ ;
114◦ , 39◦ , and 27◦ .
θ1
keywords:
θ φ
θ2 An object 8.7 cm high is placed 5.7 cm in
front of a convex mirror with a focal length of
−26 cm.
Figure is to scale. What is the image height?
Correct answer: 7.13565 cm.
The sum of the angles in a triangle is 180◦ . Explanation:
Calculate the angle θr .

Let : o = 5.7 cm , Correct answer: 65.5763 degrees.
Explanation:
i = −4.67508 cm , and Looking at the figure below,
h = 8.7 cm .
r
From the mirror equation, we first get the θr ye
e
image position.
1 1 1
+ = .
o i f
h Rr
i
R
Solving for i yields
θi
fo
i=
o−f
d
(−26 cm) (5.7 cm)
=
(5.7 cm) − (−26 cm) After filling the glass with liquid, we know
= −4.67508 cm . from Snell’s law that
i
The magnification is given by M = − .
o nliquid sin θi = nair sin θr .
Hence, the image height is given by
µ ¶
−4.67508 cm
H = h M = (8.7 cm) − = 7.13565The
cmradius
. r is one-half the diameter d, there-
5.7 cm fore
r r
sin θi ≡ =√ .
keywords: Ri r 2 + h2
006 (part 1 of 1) 10 points Now we can solve for h. Substituting our

An cylindrical opaque drinking glass has a expressions for the sines into Snell’s Law, we
diameter 4.1 cm and height h, as shown in the get
figure. An observer’s eye is placed as shown
(the observer is just barely looking over the r d
nliquid √ = nair √ , so
rim of the glass). When empty, the observer r 2 + h2 d2 + h 2
can just barely see the edge of the bottom n2liquid r2 (d2 + h2 ) = n2air d2 (r2 + h2 ) .
of the glass. When filled (with a transparent
liquid with an index of refraction of 1.23) to
the brim, the observer can just barely see the We can simplify this by using nair = 1.0,
center of the bottom of the glass. nliquid = n, and d = 2 r
ye h2 (d2 − n2 r2 ) = d2 r2 (n2 − 1)
θr £ ¤
e
h2 (2 r)2 − n2 r2 = d2 r2 (n2 − 1)
h2 r2 (4 − n2 ) = d2 r2 (n2 − 1)
h2 (4 − n2 ) = d2 (n2 − 1) , so
h s
d (2 r)2 − n2 r2
θi =
h r2 (n2 − 1)
s
4.1 cm 4 − n2
= .
n2 − 1
we see from the geometry that between red and violet as that produced in
d air.
tan θr ≡ , therefore
h
µ ¶ 4. The position of red and violet are reversed
d
θr = arctan in the spectrum.
h
s 
4−n  2 5. The violet light disappear.
= arctan 
n2 − 1
6. A spectrum is produced, but the deviation
Ãs ! of the beam is opposite to that in air.
4 − (1.23)2
= arctan
(1.23)2 − 1 7. There is no light come out of the prism.
= arctan (2.20207)
8. The red light disappear.
= 65.5763 ◦ .
9. The spectrum produced has less separa-
Note: tion between red and violet than that pro-
d duced in air. correct
h=
tan θr
(4.1 cm) 10. The spectrum produced has greater sep-
= aration between red and violet than that pro-
tan(65.5763 ◦ )
duced in air.
= 1.86189 cm .
Explanation:
keywords: Since water has a larger index of refrac-
tion than air (but still smaller than the glass
007 (part 1 of 1) 10 points prism), the deviation of light beam caused by
A beam of white light is incident on a trian- refraction will be smaller.
gular glass prism with an index of refraction
of about 1.5 for visible light, producing a Aquarium Spectrum
spectrum. Initially, the prism is in a glass Red
aquarium filled with air, as shown. t
c i den
In Vio
ht let
Aquarium Spectrum Lig
Prism
Red
t
c i den
In Thus, the spectrum produced has less sep-
ht Vi
Lig ole
t
aration between red and violet than that pro-
Prism duced in air.
If the aquarium is filled with water with

an index of refraction of 1.3, which of the
following is true?
keywords:
1. No spectrum is produced.
2. The intensity of the light increases. A light ray passes downward into a block of
transparent plastic with an angle of incidence
3. The spectrum has the same separation of θ1 = 48.8 ◦ , as in the figure below.
interface A where θR is angle of refraction in medium2,
θ1
medium1 n1 = 1, and n is the index of refraction of
medium2
medium2. θ2 is related to θR by observing
that θ2 + θR = 90◦ . Thus
interface B
θ2
θ2 = 90◦ − θR .
The critical angle is found from Snell’s law,

with θr = 90◦ , where θr is the angle of refrac-
tion into medium 1
n2 sin θ2 = n1 sin θr
n sin θ2 = (sin 90◦ ) = 1
n cos θR = 1 (2) .
If total internal reflection is to occur when Squaring Eq. (1) and Eq. (2), and summing
the light strikes the left edge of the block at them, we get
interface B, what is the index of refraction of
the plastic? n2 = sin2 (48.8 ◦ ) + 1
Correct answer: 1.25145 . = 1.56613 .
Explanation:
interface A Then
θ1 n = 1.25145 .
medium1
medium2
θR
keywords:
interface B
θ2
Consider two lenses where f1 = f and f2 =
−f . As shown in the sketch, they are aligned
along the z-axis with a separation d = 1.25 f .
Figure (1) The distance between the object and lens 1
is p = 3 f . For this part of the problem,
interface A θ1
temporarily removed lens 2.
#1 #2
θ'1 medium1
medium2
3f f
interface B
d
θ'2
The image distance from lens 1 is given by
θ2
3
1. q1 = f
Figure (2)
4
The angle of refraction at interface A (see 2. q1 = 4 f

figure (2)) is found from Snell’s law
3. q1 = f
n2 sin θR = n1 sin θ1 . 3
4. q1 = f correct
2
Then 7
n sin θR = sin θ1 , (1) 5. q1 = f
2
Explanation:
6. q1 = 3 f For lens 2, the “object” is the image formed
by lens 1 located at q1 = 2 f to the right of
5 lens 1. So in the formula
7. q1 = f
2
1 1 1 1
8. q1 = f = + ,
4 f2 p 2 q2
9. q1 = 2 f for the “virtual object”,
1 1
10. q1 = f p2 = −(q1 − d) = − f.
2 4
Explanation:
The image distance q1 is given by the fol- This leads to
lowing equation
1 1 1
= −
1 1 1 q2 f2 p 2
= +
f 3f q1 1 1
=− +
2 1 f 1
= f
3f q1 4
3 1 4
q1 = f . =− +
2 f f
3
=
010 (part 2 of 2) 10 points f
Now put lens 2 back in the position as il- f
q2 = .
lustrated. An image is formed due to the 3
two-lens system.
Find the distance of this image from lens 2.
keywords:
3
1. q2 = f
4 011 (part 1 of 2) 10 points
1 Lasers have been used to suspend spherical
2. q2 = f correct
3 glass beads in the Earth’s gravitational field.
7 A bead has a mass of 3 µg and a density of
3. q2 = f
2 0.1 g/cm3 . The laser beam is larger than
1 the glass bead with a radius 559 µm and
4. q2 = f fully impinges on the bead. Assume complete
2
5 absorption.
5. q2 = f The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 .
2
Determine the radiation intensity needed
6. q2 = f to support the bead.
Correct answer: 7.55609 × 107 W/m2 .
3
7. q2 = f Explanation:
2
8. q2 = 2 f
Let : m = 3 µg ,
9. q2 = 3 f ρ = 0.1 g/cm3 ,
1 R = 0.000559 m and
10. q2 = f g = 9.8 m/s2 .
4
The net force exerted by the radiation upon With the intensity required, since intensity
the bead is only vertical and the magnitude is defined as power per unit area, we get for
is equal to the radiation pressure times the the power of the laser
frontal area the bead presents to the laser
beam; i.e., π r 2 . This force must equal the P = I π R2 (9)
weight of the bead, so
= (7.55609 × 10 W/m ) π (0.000559 m)2
7 2
F = P A = mg = 74.1772 W .
µ ¶
I
A = mg, (1)
c
with
keywords:
A = π r2 (2)
where r is the bead’s radius. The volume of The slits S1 and S2 are illuminated with
the bead is monochromatic light of wave length 676 nm.
4
V = π r3 . (3)
3
viewing
screen
Since the density of the bead is
y
0.299 cm S1
m 3m θ
ρ≡ = , (4)
V 4 πr3
S2
its radius is
168 cm
µ ¶1/3
3m Calculate the smallest distance y above the
r= (5)
4πρ central maximum for which the average inten-
µ ¶1/3 sity on the screen is 0.451 of the maximum.
3 (3 × 10−9 kg)
= Correct answer: 0.00010089 m.
4 π (0.1 g/cm3 ) Explanation:
= 0.000192757 m .
Using Eq. (1)

Let : L = 168 cm
mgc
I= (8) d = 0.299 cm
A
mgc λ = 6.76 × 10−7 m
=
π r2 then : y = 0.00010089 m
(3 × 10−9 kg) (9.8 m/s2 )
=
π (0.000192757 m)2
P
× (3 × 108 m/s)
6 S2 Q S1 ≈ 90◦
viewing
= 7.55609 × 107 W/m2 . ³ y´

screen
r1
y
−1
an
S1
r2 θ = t L
012 (part 2 of 2) 10 points d O
Q
What is the power required for this laser? S2
δ ≈ d sin θ ≈ r2 − r1
Correct answer: 74.1772 W. L
Explanation:
r1 #1 #2
S1
³ y´
−1
θ = tan L
d
θ
Q
r2
S 1
≈9
0
◦
r1
n1
Q r2 −
S2 6 S2 ≈
nθ
d si
δ ≈
t n2
From the expression for the average inten-
sity: n3
µ ¶ Determine the minimum film thickness that
π d sin θ produces the least reflection at a wavelength
Iave = I0 cos2
λ of 465 nm.
Correct answer: 80.7292 nm.
Explanation:
y I The reflected light is a minimum when
For small θ, sin θ ≈ and = 0.451 gives
L I0 rays 1 and 2 in the figure meet the condi-
tion of destructive interference. Note that
Ãr ! both rays undergo a 180◦ phase change from
λL I the lower surface. Hence, the net change in
y= arccos phase is zero due to reflection, and the condi-
πd I0
tion for a reflection minimum requires a path
(6.76 × 10−7 m)(168 cm)(0.01 m/cm) difference of λn /2; hence,
=
(3.1415926536 )(0.299 cm)(0.01 m/cm) λ
√ 2t = .
× arccos( 0.451) 2 n2
= 0.00010089 m . Therefore, the required thickness is
λ
t=
4 n2
465 nm
=
(4) (1.44)
= 80.7292 nm .
keywords: Typically, such reflecting coatings reduce the
reflective loss from 30% (with no coating) to
014 (part 1 of 1) 10 points 10% (with coating), thereby increasing the
Semiconductors such as silicon are used to cell’s efficiency, since more light is available to
fabricate solar cells—devices that generate create carriers in the cell. In reality, the coat-
electricity when exposed to sunlight. A silicon ing is never perfectly reflecting because the
solar cell with index of refraction, n3 = 3.5, required thickness is wavelength-dependent
is coated with a transparent thin film with and the incident light covers a wide range
index of refraction, n2 = 1.44, for this pur- of wavelengths. Glass lenses used in the cam-
pose. Above the device is air which has index eras and other optical instruments are usu-
of refraction, n1 = 1. See the figure below. ally coated with a transparent thin film, such
as magnesium fluoride (MgF2 ), to reduce or percent ( % ), we obtain

eliminate unwanted reflection. More impor- r
tant, such coatings enhance the transmission 2r
θ = arccos 2−
of light through the lenses. 100%
r
2 (65%)
keywords: = arccos 2 −
100%
= 0.57964 rad
= 33.2109◦ .
Consider a polarizer-analyzer arrangement as
shown in the figure.
Unpolarized
light Polarizer
keywords:
E0 Analyzer
θ
E 0 cos θ A screen is placed 71.7 cm from a single slit,
which is illuminated with light of wavelength
Transmission Polarized 549 nm.
axis light
If the distance between the first and third
minima in the diffraction pattern is 2.89 mm,
At what angle is the axis of the analyzer
what is the width of the slit?
to the axis of the polarizer if, after passing
Correct answer: 0.27241 mm.
through both sheets, the beam intensity is
Explanation:
reduced by 65 percent?
At the positions of the minima,
Correct answer: 33.2109 ◦ .
Explanation: µ ¶
λ
The unpolarized light I0 = Iunpolarized is sin θm = m
a
reduced by 50% when the light passes through
the polarizer. and
ym = L tan θm ≈ L sin θm
I0 · µ ¶¸
Ipolarized = λ
2 =m L ,
a
We use the formula for the intensity of the so,
transmitted (polarized) light µ ¶
Lλ 2Lλ
Ipolarized I0 y3 − y1 = (3 − 1) =
Itransmitted = = cos2 θ , a a
2 2
and
and the fact that
2Lλ
a=
Itransmitted = I0 − Iabsorbed . y3 − y 1
I0 2(71.7 cm)(549 nm)
Iabsorbed = I0 − Itransmitted = I0 − cos2 θ . =
2 2.89 mm
2(0.717 m)(5.49 × 10−7 m) 1000 mm
These relations yield = ·
0.00289 m 1m
s
2 (I0 − Iabsorbed ) = 0.27241 mm
θ = arccos .
I0
Iabsorbed keywords:
So, if r = is the ratio of the intensi-
I0
ties of the absorbed and the incident light in 017 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
Hint: Use a small angle approximation; e.g., (6.5 × 10−7 m) (2.3 m)

sin θ = tan θ = θ . =
(0.0002 m)
Light of wavelength 650 nm falls on a dou- = 0.007475 m .
ble slit as shown in the schematic figure below.
Note: The dimensions yd and ys are not to The ratio of single-slit central maxima to
scale (for obvious reasons)! double-slit central maxima is
ys 2 ysingle
=
0.05 mm
0.2 mm
yd 2 ydouble
(0.0598 m)
=
ys
S1 (0.007475 m)
θ = 8,
S2 where the full-width is twice the half-width.
yd
Alternative Solution:
2.3 m
2λL
ys ys a
What is the ratio of the half-width of =
yd yd λL
the central maxima of single-slit diffraction d
pattern to that of the half-width of double- 2d
slit interference pattern? =
a
Correct answer: 8 . 2 (0.2 mm)
Explanation: =
(0.05 mm)
Basic Concepts: For a single-slit diffrac-
= 8.
tion pattern, the full-width of the central
maxima is
2λL keywords:
ysingle = .
a
For a double-slit interference pattern, the full- 018 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
width of the central maxima is Hint: The wavelength of visible light varies
from 400 nm to 700 nm.
λL The Impressionist painter Georges Seurat
ydouble = .
d used a technique called pointillism, in which
Solution: For the single-slit diffraction pat- his paintings are composed of small, closely
tern, the full-width of the central fringe is spaced dots of pure color, each about 2 mm in
diameter. The illusion of the colors blending
2λL together smoothly is produced in the eye of
ysingle = the viewer by diffraction effects.
a
2 (650 nm)(2.3 m) Calculate the minimum viewing distance
= for this effect to work properly. Use the wave-
0.05 mm
2 (6.5 × 10−7 m)(2.3 m) length of visible light that requires the greatest
= distance, so that you are sure the effect will
5 × 10−5 m
= 0.0598 m . work for all visible wavelength. Assume the
pupil of the eye has a diameter of 3 mm.
For the double-slit interference pattern, the Correct answer: 12.2951 m.
width of the central maxima is Explanation:
λL
ydouble = Let : D = 2 mm = 0.02 m ,
d
(650 nm) (2.3 m) d = 3 mm = 0.03 m , and
=
(0.2 mm) λs = 400 nm = 4 × 10−7 m .
your the liquid, λ0 , f 0 , and c0 , to that in the air,

dots of λ, f, and c.
paint pupil
L λ0
What is the ratio of their wavelengths, ?
D λ
y
α 0
λ 1
1. = √
` λ 2 2
d λ 0 1
Referring the diagram, we have 2. = √ correct
λ 2
d λ 0 √
θ≈ , 3. =2 2
L λ
and we require θ to be the αc obtained by λ0
4. =4
Rayleigh’s criterion, so λ
λ0 √
λ D 5. =2 3
αc = 1.22 = . λ
d L
λ0
Therefore we have 6. =1
λ
Dd λ0 1
L= , 7. =
1.22 λ λ 2
λ 0 1
so the minimum viewing distance required 8. =
is for the case of visible light with shortest λ 4
wavelength: λ 0
9. =2
Dd λ
Lmin = λ0 √
1.22 λs 10. = 2
(0.02 m) (0.03 m) λ
=
1.22 (4 × 10−7 m) Explanation:
= 12.2951 m . The frequency of an electro-magnetic wave
is independent of the media in which it is
present; that is, f = f 0 .
A ray with a frequency f has a wavelength
keywords: c
λ = in the vacuum. In a medium with an
f
019 (part 1 of 2) 10 points index of refraction n0 , and from the definition
Consider a light ray which enters from air to c
of the index of refraction, n0 ≡ 0 .
a liquid, where the index√ of refraction of the c
0
liquid is given by n = 2 and the index of re-
fraction of air is given by n = 1. c0
λ0 =
f
light ray µ ¶
0 1
=c
n=1 Air f
³ c ´ µ1¶
√ =
Liquid n0 f
n= 2 µ ¶µ ¶
1 c
= 0
n f
Consider the following three ratios, where λ
each is defined by the specified quantity in = 0.
n
√
So for n0 = 2 What is the angular separation between the
first-order images on either side of the central
λ0 1 1 maximum? (Caution: do not use small angle
= =√ ,
λ n 2 approximation here.)
f0 Correct answer: 56.4472 ◦ .
= 1 , and Explanation:
f
c 0 1 1 For double-slit,
≡ =√ .
c n 2 2.54 cm/in
d= = 1154.55 nm
22000 lines/in
f0 λ
What is the ratio of their frequencies, ? sin θ 1 =
f d
f 0 1 (546 nm)
1. = =
f 4 (1154.55 nm)
f 0 √ = 0.472913 ,
2. =2 3
f so
f0 1 θ1 = 28.2236◦ .
3. = √
f 2 2
0
Since we are asked for the angular separation
f √
4. = 2 between first-order images to either side of
f the central maximum, it should be
f0
5. =4 θ = 2 θ1 = 56.4472◦ .
f
f0
6. =2 keywords:
f
f0 1
7. = 022 (part 1 of 1) 10 points
f 2
0 Consider a monochromatic electromagnetic
f 1 plane wave propagating left to right (as shown
8. =√
f 2 below). At a particular point in space, the
f 0
magnitude of the electric field has an instan-
9. = 1 correct
f taneous value of 165 V/m.
f0 √ The permeability of free space is 4π ×
10. =2 2 10−7 N/A2 , the permittivity of free space is
f
8.85419 × 10−12 C2 /N/m2 and the speed of
Explanation: light is 2.99792 × 108 m/s.
The frequency of an electro-magnetic wave
propagation direction
is independent of the media in which it is
present; that is, f = f 0 . E
f0
Therefore, = 1.
f
keywords: B
Light of wavelength 546 nm from a mercury What is the instantaneous magnitude of the
arc falls on a diffraction grating ruled with Poynting vector at the same point and time?
22000 lines/in. Correct answer: 72.2665 W/m2 .
Explanation: The Rayleigh criterion for the limiting an-

gle of resolution of a circular aperture is
Let : E = 165 V/m , λ

θmin = 1.22 .
c = 2.99792 × 108 m/s , and D
µ0 = 4π × 10−7 N/A2 . On the other hand, in this problem the angle
θmin (in radians) is connected with the min-
Basic Concepts: imal distance d between the boats, and the
E distance L from the boats and the navy ship,
=c by the formula
B
b ×B b =S b. d
E θmin = .
L
~ is given by
The Poynting vector S
Excluding θmin from these formulae, we ob-
~ = 1 E
S ~ ×B
~. tain
λ d
µ0 1.22 = .
D L
Solution: For a plane, electromagnetic Finally, the wavelength λ is equal to
wave, E~ and B~ are always perpendicular to
each other and to the direction of propagation c
λ=
of the wave. f
The magnetic field is 2.99792 × 108 m/s
=
1.5 × 1010 Hz
165 V/m = 0.0199862 m .
B=
2.99792 × 108 m/s
= 5.50381 × 10−7 T . Hence the smallest distance between the boats
at which the radar will still detect them as
In this case, the Poynting vector is in the different objects is
direction of propagation and has magnitude
λL
d = 1.22
EB D
S=
µ0 (0.0199862 m ) (8690 m )
= 1.22
(165 V/m) (5.50381 × 10−7 T) 3.19 m
= = 66.423 m .
4π × 10−7 N/A2
= 72.2665 W/m2 .
keywords:
keywords:

A circular radar antenna on a navy ship has a
diameter of 3.19 m and radiates at a frequency
of 15 GHz. Two small boats are located
8.69 km away from the ship.
How close together could the boats be and
still be detected as two objects?
Correct answer: 66.423 m.
Explanation:

Quiz 4

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Quiz 4

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Drews, Scott – Quiz 4 – Due: Dec 7 2006, midnight – Inst: Ditmire 1

This print-out should have 23 questions. P

003 (part 2 of 2) 10 points

(5.26172 × 10−7 m) (1.28 m) In the triangle on the left we have angles

As a matter of interest, in the upper-half

39◦ , 39◦ , and 102◦ ;

Calculate the angle θr .

006 (part 1 of 1) 10 points Now we can solve for h. Substituting our

If the aquarium is filled with water with

The critical angle is found from Snell’s law,

The angle of refraction at interface A (see 2. q1 = 4 f

Using Eq. (1)

= 7.55609 × 107 W/m2 . ³ y´

as magnesium fluoride (MgF2 ), to reduce or percent ( % ), we obtain

Hint: Use a small angle approximation; e.g., (6.5 × 10−7 m) (2.3 m)

your the liquid, λ0 , f 0 , and c0 , to that in the air,

Explanation: The Rayleigh criterion for the limiting an-

Let : E = 165 V/m , λ

023 (part 1 of 1) 10 points

You might also like