Professional Documents
Culture Documents
N
T
R
O
D
U
C
T
I
O
N
CEMENT – PRODUCT HISTORY
CEMENT INDUSTRY
AGENCIES)
SURVEY FINDINGS
Annexure
o Questionnaire
o Bibliography
1
CHAPTER – 1
INTRODUCTION
Introduction
Aims and objective
Scope of the study
Methodology
Limitations
CHAPTER – 2
CEMENT – PRODUCT HISTORY
Introduction
Portland cement
Use of Portland cement
Product history
Production of cement
Modern process of manufacturing cement
The modern process
Types of cement available
Storage of cement
CHAPTER-3
CEMENT INDUSTRY
Cementing construction sector
Coal requirements
Transportation
CHAPTER – 4
The Bharathi Cement Company Profile
CHAPTER – 5
FIRM PROFILE
(SRI SHABAREESH AGENCIES)
CHAPTER – 6
SURVEY FINDINGS
Introduction
Meaning of survey
Objectives of the survey
Limitations of the survey
Analysis of the survey
2
Consumer survey findings
CHAPTER – 7
SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION
Suggestions
Conclusion
Annexure
Questionnaire
Bibliography
3
CHAPTER – 1
INTRODUCTION
AIMS AND
OBJECTIVE
SCOPE OF THE
STUDY
METHODOLOGY
LIMITATIONS
INTRODUCTION
4
CHAPTER – 1
INTRODUCTION
5
Marketers are caked upon to anticipate changes in the
marketing environment involving opportunities risks and
uncertainties. They are regained to forecast the direction
and intensity of there future change plant to meet
anticipated changes in the environment and secure favorable
relationship with the changing environment. To do there
intelligent planning marketers need information. Accurate
sales forecasting involves collection and processing of
information. We can have more accurate and reliable sales
forecast, marketing plans and programmes through
organized information system. We should have profitable
marketing activities, minimum risks and uncertainties.
6
available, problems in marketing if cement and other details
regarding cement. Efforts have also been made to get the
opinion of dealers regarding marketing and other aspects of
Cement etc., and consumer’s opinion regarding Bharathi
Cement.
7
7. To know consumer preference towards various brands
of cement especially towards Bharathi Cement.
METHODOLOGY
1. Primary data.
2. Secondary data.
8
papers, Magazines, Books, Internet helped a lot in preparing
this case study.
LIMITATIONS
9
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CHAPTER – 2
INTRODUCTION
PORTLAND CEMENT
PRODUCT HISTORY
PRODUCTION OF CEMENT
STORAGE OF CEMENT
10
CHAPTER – 2
PORTLAND CEMENT
11
Normally, Gypsum or its derivatives are added during
grinding stage for set control. Portland cements with special
properties are produced by varying the oxide composition
and also by adding small amounts of chemicals agents at the
clinker grinding stage or later. When mixed with water alone
to form hard mass. Early investigators advanced divergent
theories as to why Portland cement forms a rigid strong
coherent mass when it reacts with water. It has since been
established that a colloidal of high internal surface area is
formed. Whatever the extent of direct chemical continuity, it
is apparent that the large internal surface forces may also be
involved.
12
accelerators and for construction of radiation shelters.
Sometimes special, heavy aggregates are used to reduce
required thickness.
PRODUCT HISTORY
13
The middle ages the quality of mortar declined. It was
commonly a sand-mortar lime mixture. The decline in the
quality of the mortar was the insufficient burning of lime.
14
In 1824, a process of making cement was patented by
Joseph Apsdin in England. He named the cement as Portland
cement. This was because the cement products had the
resemblance of the Portland in England Apsdin, so confirmed
the name to the cement. Modern cement in logical and
scientific development from natural cement.
PRODUCTION OF CEMENT
15
MODERN PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING CEMENT
PREVIOUS PROCESS:
1. Dry process.
2. Wet process.
16
FLOW DIAGRAM SHOWING MIXING OF RAW
MATERIALS
DRY PROCESS
AGRELLACEOUS
CALCAREOUS MATERIALS
CRUSHING CRUSHING
STORAGE STORAGE
STORAGE TANK
17
18
WET PROCESS
AGRILLACEOUS
CALCAREOUS MATERIALS MATERIALS
(LIM (CLAY ETC)
E
STO
NE
ETC)
O
S
CRUS
HING
WASH
ING C
STORAGE IN
SIDE SILOS
STORAGE IN
BASINS
CHANN
GRINDI
NG
MILL
FERMENTATI
19
STORAGE TANK
a. Size reduction.
b. Blending.
c. Liberating Carbon-di-oxide.
d. Pulverizations.
20
The list of cement is given here.
1. White cement
2. Color cement.
3. Water proof.
4. Acid Proof
5. Blast furnace.
6. High Alumina Cement
7. Ordinary Portland Cement
8. Expanding Cement
9. Pozzolana Cement.
10. Quick Setting Cement
11. Rapid Hardening Cement.
STORAGE OF CEMENT
21
bags are sealed with the help of machine. Hence major
problem of storing and transporting has been averted.
22
CHAPTER-3
CEMENT INDUSTRY
COAL REQUIREMENTS
TRANSPORTATION
23
CHAPTER-3
CEMENT INDUSTRY
24
India is presently producing several varieties of
cement. These includes to ordinary Portland Cement(OPC),
Portland Pozzalana cement (PPC), Portland Blast furnace slag
cement (PBFS), Rapid setting cement , oil well cement and
white cement. India is also producing high strength cement
like 43 grades and 53 grades. Low heat cement is produce
for the massive construction of Dames, Barrages, Deep
foundation for high rise building etc.
25
these plants depend upon traditional technology leading to
poor quality of cement.
26
Currently India exporting cement to Bangladesh,
Srilanka, Nepal, U.A.E., Maldives, Philippines, Yemen, Dubai,
Qatar, and of few other countries.
COAL REQUIREMENTS:
27
Transportation whether by rail, road or sea plays a
crucial role in the marketing and pricing of cement.
Transportation cost has gone up by over 100% during the
last 10 years. The bright for movement of cement for a
distance of 750 km was increased from rupees 134 per ton in
May 1982 to rupees 456 in April 2001. This was further
stepped upto rupees 484 by the railway budget for 2006-07.
This includes;
1. Introduction of pre-calcinations technology.
28
2. Computer controlled kiln operation.
3. Pre blending of lime stone / coal and
4. Online quality control system.
TRANSPORTATION
29
freight and the operational; restrictions imposed on the
customer. The recent improvements of operational
efficiencies of railways is indeed laudable but if this is
achieved by passing on the entire burden to its customers,
We fear that the cost competitiveness of railways will
worsened in a long run - at least for a large volume low price
product like cement. Railways must examine all secondary
incurred by cement producer in transportation of cement
from rail heads if the cost competitiveness of rail movement
is to be improved. Railway should also consider allowing
cement producer to operate point-to-point rakes, with
multiple unloading points.
30
is currently stipulated, with out compromising safety. It will
in the national interest to consider upward revision of the
present stipulated permissible loads per axle is that the
existing stock of vehicles is more productively used. This will
also meet the needs of the cement industry which one of the
largest used of road transport. Indian railway has revised
upward the effective capacity of their wagons; a similar
move is called for in respect of road transport to tie over the
looming crisis.
31
CHAPTER – 4
32
CHAPTER – 4
Founder professionals
with vast experience in power, cement and infrastructure.
Mission Statement
Directors
HARISH C KAMARTHY
M RAVINDER REDDY
34
increased to 5.00 MT per annum. He was also an achiever by
successfully
launching and establishing Slag Cement in South India with premium price.
G BALAJI
All through his Career, he has been go-getter and achiever of the tasks
and contributed immensely in the field of Costing, Accounting,
Finance & Treasury wherever he has worked.
He has also had overseas exposure in Australia and has to his credit
the graduation course wherein he has qualified in the Australian Tax
laws and Corporate laws.
Plants in India.
J J REDDY
Mr. J.J.Reddy, a post graduate in M.Sc (Agr), is associated with the Sakshi
group for more than a decade.
36
Amogha Power Projects Pvt ltd, 1.5 MW mini hydel plant
His exceptional project execution skills have been put to use very
successfully in establishing the Bharathi Cement plant. Presently he is
project- in charge of Himurja Infra Pvt Ltd, wherein a 480 MW Hydel
37
STRENGTH
Ultramodern Plant
Bharathi cement corporation Limited has set up most modern cement plant
with state of the art technology at Nallalingayapalli, Kamalapuram mandal,
Kadapa district of Andhra pradesh.
This area is known for its superior quality Narzi lime stone deposits ,
possessing high lime content that gives high early strength and ultimate
long term strength. Another characteristic feature of this lime stone is low
alkali, magnesia and low chloride contents which are highly desirable
parameters for concrete durability.
The state of the art technology adopted at the plant consists of Vertical Roller
mill of LOESCHE, Germany for grinding of cement to achieve the optimum
fineness, and controlled particle size distribution of cement particles
GERMAN TECHNOLOGY
The Bharathi Cement plant has the most advanced Vertical Roller Mill (Type
63.3) from LOESCHE, Germany. This mill has a capacity of producing 360
tons per hour and is equipped with a 6,700 KW gear box.
The mill is designed to produce a range of high quality cements such as
Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), Portland Pozzolona Cement
(PPC),Pozzolona Slag Cement (PSC) and Ground slag at varying fineness. It
has a rated capacity of 360tph OPC at 3000 Blaine and 300tph of ground slag
at 4000 Blaine
38
Homogenized mining
Online process control
Exclusive R&D facility for continuous product improvement
Loesche vertical roller mills are the most efficient mills in the world and
achieve very high throughputs. They are extremely maintenance friendly.
Service tasks can be carried out quickly. Downtimes are reduced to a
minimum.
The Loesche grinding principle combines a horizontal grinding table with
large tapered roller under hydropneumatic loading- the best possible
compromise between output and wear. The product quality can be enhanced
by altering the classifier speed. All Loesche mills can be started with
grinding rollers raised. Metal to metal contact between grinding parts does
not occur. Their quiet, smooth operation is appreciated.
39
In Bharathi Cement the most advanced vertical roller mill from Loesche,
Germany has been commissioned. The mill has a capacity of producing 360
MT/hour and is equipped with 6,700 Kw gearbox. The mill is designed to
produce a range of high quality cements such as Ordinary Portland Cement,
Portland Pozzolana Cement, Portland Slag cement and ground slag at
varying fineness. It has a rated capacity of 360 tph opc at 3000 Blaine and
300 tph of Ground slag at 4000 Blaine. The high flexibility of the system
enables to produce cements of 6 different types from the same mill.
40
times of ours are 250±30 minutes where as for competitor it is
320±30
minutes.
It is obvious that lesser setting time would lead to high early strength
development, and quick removal of formwork is possible in construction
when good construction practices are followed.
The early setting times and the rapid strength gain makes Bharathi cement
ideal for
41
ROBOTIC LABS
QCX/RoboLab
42
all intelligent devices in the configuration. Sequence control includes
priority
handling, intelligent handling of equipment failure situations and much more.
180
mature technology;
industrial robots have very high availability
client dedication
proper & detailed design is mandatory
robotics equipment prices fall
too high expectations for labor cost savings
pay-back time :
o 1 to 3 years achievable
o Can be difficult to justify solely on manpower savings
o Difficult to put value on higher & consistent quality
unbalanced technologies : often too high client emphasis on sublime
technology in the laboratory, while sampling quality is neglected
44
Ground cement sample
Despatch cement sample
Virgin Lime stone deposits (Narzi lime stone) Known for their
excellent compressive strength
Thorough Checking of all incoming raw materials as per the set
standards and rejection of sub standard material if any
Modern Cement plant with Proven German Technology
World's largest vertical roller mill for cement grinding
QCX/ Robo lab for automatic sampling and accurate testing
Tamper proof packing
TAMPER-PROOF PACKING
When cement bags are dumped on the ground, the impact causes cement to
spill out of the bag. This causes considerable loss, considering that some
projects require thousands of bags, but you incur no such loss with Bharathi
Cement.
designed imported polypropylene bags which are dust proof and tamper
45
proof. This special package ensures full quantity(i.e. 50Kg
net) cement in
every bag and chances of adulteration are totally
eliminated.
Strength
High tensile strength is the result of a tape
stretching process, which give monoaxial
orientation to polypropylene molecular chain.
Moisture Resistant:
Environment Friendly:
47
Easy Handling:
Special Printing:
Requirements as Bharathi
Competitors
OPC 53 GRADE per cement
values
IS12269-1987 values
Fi a2t2li5er 325
ne m
(meitnhod
ne A
) utoc1lave
ss (%) 0.03
(sq S1e0tm
ting
m/ tmime 150
(max
kg I)nitia2l60
) (0m
.8in)
So Finaaxl
(m
Properties
a)Physical un ()max)
dn
ess 30
minu
(m
tes
m) 600
Le minu
ch tes
280 1.5 0.05 270
49
330
Compr
20 16
essive
Strengt
(MPa)
1 day
3 n2)7 39 32
2387days49 45
d (5m
3 in) 70 60
a
(
m
i
b) Chemical
0.9 0.88
1) Lime saturation factor 0.8-1.02
20).66 1.23 1.23
A(mlin) 0.25 1
u4m 1.1 1.23
i(nmaax)
M
6
o(m
d ax)
ulu
3)
Ins
olu
ble
res
idu
(%
)
4)
Ma
gn
esi
(%
5S)ulc 3 1.5
(max
ph
)
uri
1.95 1.5 0. 48±2
anhydri 01
4 (max) 0.8
deSO3 Durable 7. 2765±5
(%) concrete
6) Loss
on 0.1 0.002
Eco
(max) 7 no
ignition
(%) mic
27±2 con
7) cret
27±2 e
Alkalies 65±5 mix
65±5 des
8) ign 50
s
Chlorid
e (%)
Lo
9) C3A w
per
Content cen
tag
10)
es
Temper of
alk
ature alie
s,
during chl
Testing ori
11) des,
ma
Humidit gne
sia
y (%) and
free
lim
Advant e
lea
ages
ds
to
the
product
ion of
durable
Spe concret
edy e.
con
stru
ctio
n
OPC 43 GRADE
Requirements as Bharathi
Competitors
per cement
values
IS 8112-1989 values
Fi a2t2li5e(r 325
ne meinth)od
ne Autoc1lave
ss (1% ) 0.03
0m
(sq Smetting
(max
m/ t)ime 150
kg I0n.8itia2l60
) ((mianx)
So F
) inal
Properties
a) Physical un (max)
dn 30
minu
ess
tes
(m 600
m) minu
Le tes
ch
280 1.5 0.05 280 51
340
Compr
17 14
essive
strengt
(MPa)
1 day
3 n2)3 35 30
2383days45 40
d (4m
3 in) 63 51
a
i
b) Chemical
0.9 0.8
1) Lime saturation factor 0.6-1.02
2) u0r.i6c6 1.23
Al a(m
nhiynd0r.i2d5e
um S)O3 1
(%)
ina 3
6)Los1s.5on
M (max
ignitio0n.8
od )
(%)
ulu 6
7)Alk0a.l0ie0s2
s (max
8) 7
3)I )
Chloride
ns 27±2
3
(%)
olu (max65±5
9) C3A
ble )
Content
res 5
10)Temper
idu (max
ature
)
e
during
(% Testing
) 101.1)Humidi
(max
4) t)y (%)
Ma
gn
27P±P2LICA
A
esi
TIONS:
65±5
a
(%
5)
Sul
ph
1.24 0.6
2.3 27±2
1.5 0.02
1.5 65±5
1.02
52
PSC
This alkali is a byproduct in any OPC hydration process amounting to 25% of total
gel formation.
This is like a weak link in strong chain. Sulphates and chlorides present in water,
soil or surrounding atmosphere attacks this alkali causing deterioration of concrete.
As a result of this secondary gel formation pore refinement takes place and the
concrete becomes more impermeable to sulphate and chloride attacks leading to the
durability of concrete structures.
53
Requirements as Bharathi
Competitors
Properties per cement
values
a) Physical IS 455-1989 values
Fi g22ti5me350
ne Initial(mi
nes n1)0m 1
m 0m
Final( .0a3
s
(max
(sq x) )
m/ 0.8 160
kg) (max 250
So )
un
dn 30
minu
ess
tes
(m 600
m) minu
Le tes
cha
tlie
me
tho
d
Au
toc
lav
e
(%
)
Set
tin
290 340 37 60 0.3 2.4 3.3 0.02
1.5 1.08
0.05 280 Sul 1.62 2.87 T 27p±2 27±2 27±2
dem
Compr phu eurra6tu5r±5 65±5 65±5
33 25
essive r ein
Testi
strengt Trio
ngg
h xide Humi
(MPa) (SO dity
3 days 3) (%)
(min) 3
16 (ma
x)
7 i2n2) 44 Appli
Su d1u.5e (%
0.2
)
b3)3 65 cation
(max
lp Magne0s.7ia5 s
d Chemic )
hi (%) 1
a a5l 0.3
4 hloride 54
y (max) de C 0.002
Loss on (max
s Su (%)
ignition )
lp
(%) 6
he
( (max
r
m )
(
i 0.1
%
n (max
by
) )
m
2 as
s)
8
In
d
so
a
lu
y
bl
s
e
re
(
si
m
Mass concrete works
Marine works
Residential and commercial high rise buildings
Industrial structures
Suitable for wide range of applications as a
substitute for OPC
Technical Support
MOBILE CONSTRUCTION ADVISOR
At Bharathi we believe in total customer satisfaction. Bharathi cement offers
laboratory testing facilities of concrete at your door step. Your concrete is tested
under standard laboratory conditions and
test certificates are issued. The services
of experienced civil engineers can be
availed.
Facilities offered
At Bharathi Cement, we are obsessed with quality. From the first stage to the last,
our cement is tested at every stage. Using the world renowned Narzi limestone we
produce cement that has higher strength, low manganese and low alkalies.
Today, we bring the same expertise and commitment to quality, as we offer you the
following suggestions to make a beautiful home.
55
CHAPTER – 5
FIRM PROFILE
(SRI SHABAREESH AGENCIES)
MARKETING PROBLEMS
56
CHAPTER – 5
FIRM PROFILE
“SRI SHABAREESH AGENCIES” was opened in 1985. It
is situated on balraj urs road for being more convenient to
interact with transports. Mr. C.P. SUNDAR RAJ, is the
MANAGING PARTNER of SRI SHABAREESH AGENCIES, he is a
young man aged 48, S/O C.V. Puttanna shetty. His
Qualification is P.U.C. His native is Arsikere – Hassan District
Karnataka. He migrated to shimoga in 1985. He Knows
English, Kannada, Hindi, Tamil and Telugu language.
57
road. He was dealing with number of brands of cement with
quality, such as.
1. ACC
2. BAGALKOT
3. DIOMOND
4. RAASHI
5. CORAMANDAL etc.,
58
CAPITAL STRUCTURE
At that time the initial capital of the firm was 5, 00,000.
The firm started this by taking Loans from Vysya bank
shimoga. It includes the cost of Furniture, advance of
building, lighting arrangements etc., the firm involves in
dealing with cement products according to the customer
behavior with reference to various brands of the products.
59
Table No-1
Table showing the number of dealers in some districts
who have dealing with Shabareesh agencies as C&F agents.
They are shown by percentage.
No. Of dealers
Districts 29
South canara
12
Udupi
20
Shimoga
17
Chikmagalore
10
Hassan
60
3. Promotional Policy
4. Distribution Policy
in purchasing of product.
Shabareesh agencies are exclusively C&F agents for
M/s Bharathi Ltd and they act according to the norms of the
firm by pricing, collection, service documentation, reporting,
and acknowledgements etc.
61
Its name is,
62
CHAPTER – 6
SURVEY FINDINGS
INTRODUCTION
MEANING OF SURVEY
63
CHAPTER – 6
SURVEY FINDINGS
Today the consumer is the king of
INTRODUCTION:
the market.
Consumer is the only judge, the reputation or otherwise
of a
product is entirely dependent upon his attitude towards
the
product so his satisfaction should be ultimate motto of
the
producer and the marketer. Consumer’s interest should
be
taking into co-ordination while taking marketing
decision. It
is through consumer satisfaction only the
producers and
marketers can improve their sales profit.
MEANING OF SURVEY
Survey means going into department of
respondent and
collecting his inner
expression for the purpose
of knowing his
attitude about which the
survey is conducted.
Customer faced
problems while
64
sampling method and to those4 selected customer are given
the format of questionnaire and are requested to fill it on
return to us.
65
4. Lack of awareness among the customer about the
procedure carried out by the bank.
5. Indefinite and vague problems and suggestion provide
by the customer etc.,
66
Table No-1
Soraba
13%
Bhadravathi
19% Thirtahal i
29%
67
Table No-2
Table showing the distribution of cement consumer
according to brand and area interviewed.
NUMBER OF Bharathi INDIAN Grashim OTHERS
REGION
CONSUMERS CEMENTS
Shimoga 38 10 3 8 2
Bhadravathi 25 5 1 7 1
Sagara 20 6 2 2 -
Hosanagara 17 3 2 2 -
68
Graph showing the distribution of cement consumer
Bharathiording to brand and area interviewed
NUMBER OF A.C.C INDIAN CEMENTS Grashim OTHERS
CONSUMERS
40
35
30
25
20
69
15
10
0
Table No-3
70
Graph showing the distribution of respondents under
Income groups.
32
35
30 26
24
25
18
20
15
10
71
Table No-4
BETTER 10 24 8 29 7 28 4 66 29
GOOD 13 32 9 32 11 44 1 17 34
SATISFACTORY 15 36 11 39 6 24 - - 32
NOT GOOD 3 8 - - 1 4 1 17 05
72
In third group, that is 25 respondents are from
Profession and it shows their opinion about service among 25
respondents 7 have respond Excellent, 11 have respond
good and only 1 responded Not bad.
73
TABLE NO-5
74
Graph showing the respondents using Bharathi cements
as per their occupations
25
21
20
15
15 13
12
11
10 10
10 8
00 0
0
Uses Business Salaried Profession Others
employees
Table No-6
76
Graph showing the distribution of cement consumers
according to their occupations
B
Acc Indian Cement Grashim Others
h
a
r
a
ti
Business man Salaried employees Profession
Others
14
12
10
0 77
Table No 7
Quality 14 8 16 5 43
Price 8 6 8 7 29
Demand 8 10 11 4 35
Total 28 22 35 15 100
78
Graph showing the opinion of the consumers about Bharathi cements
from the following aspects
Not bad
12%
Better
33%
Satisfactory
36%
Good
19%
79
Table No-8
80
Table No-9
38
40
35
30 26
25
18
20
15
10
10
82
Table No-10
83
Graph showing the factors which have influenced the
consumers to buy Bharathi cements they are shown in the
table
Price
Door Delivery 24%
22%
Brand Image
12%
Quality
42%
84
SUMMARY OF OBSERVATION
85
In shimoga, there are many cement dealers of almost
all the brands in the market. But the major brands of cement
according to the consumer are,
1. ACC
2. RAASHI
3. DIOMAND
4. BAGALKOT.
In Shimoga Bharathi is the first Cement sold in terms of
quality.
86
CHAPTER – 7
SUGGESTIONS
CONCLUSION
87
SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION
SUGGESTIONS
88
The prospective customer should be given promotional
benefit. There fore promotional efforts are to be taken in
effect continuously so that as prospective customer will
develop a linking towards the product.
Sri Shabareesh agencies should have sufficient vehicle to
deliver the cement bag to the dealers who comes from
outside villages.
Sri Shabareesh Agencies should give regular Service.
CONCLUSION
89
Annexure
Questionnaire
Bibliography
90
CONSUMER QUESTIONNAIRES
Your Sincerely
S.M.Farook
1. Name :
2. Address :
3. Occupation :
4. Annual Income:
91
5. Have you ever purchase cement?
a) Yes [ ] b) No [ ]
6. Which brand of cement do you purchase?
a) Bharati cement [ ] b) Indian Cement [ ]
c) Raashi [ ] d) Others [ ]
92
10. What are the factors which have influenced to buy
Bharathi cement?
a) Price [ ] c) Brand Image [ ]
b) Quality [ ] d) Door Delivery [ ]
11. Do you get any facilities?
a) Yes [ ] b) No [ ]
14. Are you satisfied with the service offered by the dealers?
a) Yes [ ] b) No [ ]
15. Any suggestions:
--------------------
Date:
Place: Signature
93
BIBLIOGRAPHY
By: Sherleker
Marketing Management
Business Line
News papers
Times of India
www.google.com
www.bharathiindia.com
94