BICOL COLLEGE

Cor.J. Rizal & R.F. Tabuena Sts.

Daraga, albay
Tel No. 483-0905 Telefax: 483-0904

GRADUATE SCHOOL

RECOMMENDATION FOR PROPOSAL DEFENSE

This Thesis entitled, “The Effectiveness of the Police Omni-Presence on

Crime Control in Irosin Sorsogon,” prepared and submitted by LOVER D.

MADRILEJOS in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of MASTER

OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY, is hereby recommended for Proposal defense.

DR. REMELINE E. LUCILO-BAUSA, Ed.D.

Adviser

ii
 BICOL COLLEGE
Cor.J. Rizal & R.F. Tabuena Sts.
Daraga, albay
Tel No. 483-0905 Telefax: 483-0904

GRADUATE SCHOOL

THESIS COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATION

The Thesis entitled, “THE EFFECTIVENESS OF POLICE

OMNI-PRESENCE ON CRIME CONTROL IN IROSIN SORSOGON.”

prepared and submitted by LOVER D. MADRILEJOS in partial

fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF

SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY, is hereby recommended for final

defense.

ELIAS A. MANDANE, MSCrim

Chairman

PSSUPT. JACINTO CULVER N. SISON MA.Ed (Ret.) DOMINGO C. BREVA JR. MSCrim
Member Member

iii
 BICOL COLLEGE
Cor.J. Rizal & R.F. Tabuena Sts.
Daraga, albay
Tel No. 483-0905 Telefax: 483-0904

GRADUATE SCHOOL

ADVISERS RECOMMENDATION

This thesis entitled, THE EFFECTIVENESS OF POLICE OMNI-

PRESENCE ON CRIME CONTROL IN IROSIN SORSOGON,

prepared and submitted by LOVER D. MADRILEJOS in partial

fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF

SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY, has been reviewed by the undersigned

and is recommended for final oral defense.

It is further certifies that the undersigned has supervised the

pre-editing of this manuscript.

DR. REMELINE E. LUCILO-BAUSA, Ed.D.

Adviser

iv
 BICOL COLLEGE
Cor.J. Rizal & R.F. Tabuena Sts.
Daraga, albay
Tel No. 483-0905 Telefax: 483-0904

GRADUATE SCHOOL

ORAL EXAMINATION

The thesis entitled, THE EFFECTIVENESS OF POLICE OMNI-PRESENCE ON

CRIME CONTROL IN IROSIN SORSOGON,” prepared and submitted by LOVER

D. MADRILEJOS in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY has been successfully defended in

oral examination held at Bicol College Graduate School.

RESULT OF THE ORAL EXAMINATION

ACTION TAKEN

ELIAS A. MANDANE, MSCrim ________

Chairman

DOMINGO C. BREVA JR. MSCrim ________

Member

PSSUPT. JACINTO CULVER N. SISON MA.Ed (Ret.) _________

Member

DR. REMELINE E. LUCILO-BAUSA, Ed.D.

Adviser
v
 BICOL COLLEGE
Cor.J. Rizal & R.F. Tabuena Sts.
Daraga, albay
Tel No. 483-0905 Telefax: 483-0904

GRADUATE SCHOOL

COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION RESULT

(LOVER D. MADRILEJOS)

SUBJECTS ACTION TAKEN

Foundation Courses Passed

Field of Specialization Passed

Cognate Courses Passed

DR. JEAN C. DELA TORRE

Dean

Date Taken: _____________

vi
 BICOL COLLEGE
Cor.J. Rizal & R.F. Tabuena Sts.
Daraga, albay
Tel No. 483-0905 Telefax: 483-0904

GRADUATE SCHOOL

CERTIFICATION

To Whom It May Concern:

This is to certify that the thesis entitled “THE EFFECTIVENESS OF

POLICE OMNI-PRESENCE ON CRIME CONTROL IN IROSIN SORSOGON,”

prepared and submitted by LOVER D. MADRILEJOS, has been edited.

Editor

vii
 BICOL COLLEGE
Cor.J. Rizal & R.F. Tabuena Sts.
Daraga, albay
Tel No. 483-0905 Telefax: 483-0904

GRADUATE SCHOOL

APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis entitled, “THE EFFECTIVENESS OF POLICE OMNI-PRESENCE

ON CRIME CONTROL IN IROSIN SORSOGON,” prepared and submitted by

LOVER D. MADRILEJOS, successfully defended in oral examination on Feb 22,

2018 is hereby accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirement for

the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY.

DR. JEAN C. DELA TORRE

Dean

viii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Liceo de San Jacinto

Foundation Inc. and my family for financial support that they have given me to

finish my degree.

To Dr. Remeline E. Bausa, for her patience, motivation and enormous

knowledge. Her guidance helped me in all time of research and writing of this

thesis.

Asides of my adviser, I would like to thank the rest of the panelist: Prof.

Domingo C.Breva Jr., Prof Elias A. Mandane, Pssupt. Jacinto Culver N.

Sision (Ret.) for their insightful comments and suggestions in making this thesis

possible.

To Mrs. Leticia F. Polo, retired master teacher in English, for editing this

thesis.

To my sons Lover Jr. and Eros Blinth who served as my inspiration to

push forward my chosen profession

To my Wife, Leana Marie, for her undying support to my endeavor.

Most of all, to our Almighty GOD, for the strength and everything that I

received.

L.D.M

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 ABSTRACT

MADRILEJOS LOVER DANGALAN: “THE EFFECTIVENESS OF POLICE

OMNI-PRESENCE ON CRIME CONTROL IN IROSIN
SORSOGON” (Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Bicol College
Graduate School, 2018.)

Summary

This study dealt the level of effectiveness of police omni-presence in Irosin

Sorsogon.

Specifically, the study sought to answer the following sub-problems:

1. What is the status of the programs of the PNP in crime prevention on police

omni-presence on a. Patrol b. Checkpoints c. Police Community Relations 2. What

is the level of effectiveness of the above cited programs? 3. What are the problems

encountered by the respondents on the different programs on police omni-

presence. 4. What solution can be recommended on the problems encountered?

5. Is there a significant relation on the perception of the four (4) groups of

respondents on the difference programs?

The findings of the study are a great help to the following institutions:

Philippine Nation Police, Schools, Students, Youth, Local Government Unit, and

Business Establishment.

Different related literature and studies were reviewed and analyzed to

support what is being studied and provide further information to greatly

comprehend the mean purpose of the study.

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 The descriptive correlational method of research was used in this study by

using survey questionnaire prepared by the researcher to gather the needed data

for the study. The study has 4 groups of respondents namely: police personnel,

brgy. Residence, elected brgy officials, business man with a total number of 256

respondents.

Findings

On the basis of the data earlier presented in chapter IV, the following were

found:

1. The study revealed that out of 256 respondents out of which rated as sometimes,

as follows base on their perceptions of the program of the PNP, (a) patrol in crime

prone areas with radio communications devices to quick response (b) conduct patrol

led by the police command officer (c) conduct 24/7 police visibility around the near

brgys. Of municipality (d) conduct information gathering intelligence through trained

assets from the community (e) conduct patrol shifting at night to prevent crime

incident (f) dispatch buddy-buddy system especially at night while on dispatch (g)

conduct foot patrol during night time until sunrise to prevent criminality (h) response

immediately to reported crime (i).

The study revealed that the police personnel of the said municipality rated

by the respondents as often in terms of the following variables (a) establish

checkpoints with proper lighting during night time, with a noticeable signage bearing

the name of the PNP unit and the participating organizations (b) conduct mobile

xi
checkpoints with proper prescribe uniform. Since the main livelihood of the

community is more on agricultural business they are much affected by its variables.

The study revealed that out of seven variables, 3 of which was rated by the

group of respondents as often, as follows (a) conduct minor brgy visit and create

relationships with the people in the area by conducting interpersonal discussion,

establish relationship and offer friendship (b) educate the people in the community

about recent news that may capture their interest and when countered (c) conduct

brgy. Peacekeeping operations to fight against criminality. While the rest variables

was rated as rarely as follows: (a) organize and mobilize people to create an

organization (b) conduct symposium, seminars in the brgy. Together with the

residence. This community is a good residence to live, and as extreme as

communities go, it's pretty average. Average income, average levels of education,

average amount of crime. But, this community has a big problem

2. The study find out that the level of effectives of the said program was rated as

moderate effective based on the checklist of the respondents. Two of which was

rated as MO as follows, in general (a) patrol (b) police community relations, this was

not unexpected since the number of crime committed in the locality is seriously

affected the business sector of the area of the study. Still checkpoints was rated as

effective base on the perception of the respondent.

3. The most Seven (7) pricing problems as perceived by the respondents were: (1)

Absence of police in the barangay to conduct patrol in the community (2)

Inadequate presence of police in crime prone areas (3) Lack of communication

xii
line of the police to the community (4) Lack of meeting with barangay officials in

the conduct of information gathering activities in the barangay (5) The

communication equipment is not upgraded (6) Lack of police assistance during

emergency (7) Lack of checkpoints during the night time

4. In general the PNP should properly monitor the police personnel its

implementation they are obeying what is implemented base on norms. It is

recommended to conduct more police visibility, interaction between the

communities, provide strategic plan for specific cited problems, analyzed

geographical area for effective plan, developed good governance to effectively

implement the program, prolong the time of patrolling specially during night time to

avoid victimization.

In general it is recommended to conduct intensive checkpoints during the

night to deter possible intruder by using signage bearing with the name of in-charge

police officials and organization. Be enthusiast while conducting checkpoints for

more aggressive detection.

It is recommended to conduct seminars, symposium, activity gathering to

develop good relationship among residence and its brgy officials.

4. The result is highly significant since the perceptions of the 4 groups of

respondents are correlated to each other. The computed t is greater than the

tabulated t at 5% margin error. The null hypothesis was rejected because the

perception of the 4 groups of respondents are correlated to each other.

xiii
Conclusions

On the basis of the findings presented, the following conclusions are offered.

1. Some of police personnel of the said municipal police station is in lack of interest

to implement the mandated program of the PNP to insure the lives and property of

the citizen specially during night time were in the most crime are committed. 2. The

police personnel of the said municipal police station did not give more prioritization

on patrol base on the response of the group of respondent, out of 13 statements

8 of which was rated as sometimes under item 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. The rest

rated as rarely, often. 3 In terms of police community relations, the police are not

complying their mandate to have interaction between the police and the community

to strengthen their relationship to gathered assists, information from near brgy which

is the mean concern of the study. Likewise, the police did not conduct house

visitation to regularly monitor the possible situation in the area.

Recommendation

Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendation are strongly

recommended.

1. More police officers to the streets, or changing the ways in which they operate to

detect, prevent and to suppress them.

2. Additional disciplinary action among police personnel to be able to enhance their

capability to perform their duty and responsibility.

xiv
3. Improve the efficiency of the interaction between police and areas of the criminal

justice system. Since the majority of respondents were police officers

4. More furthered enhancement in terms of criminal detection especially

cybercrimes, street crime, pity crimes etc.

Other Recommendation

1 Provide reliable CCTV cameras around the near barangays

2. Extend the hours of duty especially during night time to prevent potential

criminal.

3. Conduct an intensive checkpoints at night, practice of knocking doors

especially on business establishments for possible intruders

xv
 TABLES OF CONTENTS

Title Page --------------------------------------------------------------------------- i

Recommendation for Proposal Defense ------------------------------------ ii

Thesis Committee Recommendation ---------------------------------------- iii

Adviser’s Recommendation ---------------------------------------------------- iv

Oral Examination ------------------------------------------------------------------ v

Comprehensive Examination Result ----------------------------------------- vi

Certification of the Editor -------------------------------------------------------- vii

Approval Sheet --------------------------------------------------------------------- viii

Acknowledgment ------------------------------------------------------------------- ix

Abstract ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- xi

CHAPTER I: The Problem and Its Setting

Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------------ 1-6
Statement of the Problem ------------------------------------------------ 7
Research Framework ----------------------------------------------------- 8
Research Paradigm ------------------------------------------------------- 9
Hypothesis of the Study -------------------------------------------------- 10
Scope and Delimitation --------------------------------------------------- 10
Significance of the Study ------------------------------------------------- 10-11
Definition of Terms --------------------------------------------------------- 12-13

xvi
CHAPTER II: Review of Related Literature and Studies
Related Literature --------------------------------------------------------- 15-38
Synthesis of the State of the Art --------------------------------------- 41-42
Theoretical Framework --------------------------------------------------- 42-48
Related Studies ------------------------------------------------------------ 49-55

CHAPTER III: Methods and Procedures

Research Design ---------------------------------------------------------- 56
Sources of Data ----------------------------------------------------------- 56
Instrumentation ------------------------------------------------------------ 57
Data Gathering Procedures -------------------------------------------- 58
Statistical Tools ------------------------------------------------------------ 58-60
Survey Questionnaire ---------------------------------------------------- 61-66

CHAPTER IV: The Effectiveness of Police Omni-Presence on Crime

Control In Irosin Sorsogon
Status of the program of the PNP in crime prevention ---------- 67-75
Effectiveness of the program of the PNP in crime prevention - 76-77
Problem encountered in the effectiveness of the program of the
PNP implementation by Irosin Municipal Police Station -------- 77-80
Solution offered to the problems encountered -------------------- 80-82
Coefficient of concordance in the significant relationship in the
Perception of the respondents in the different program -------- 83-84

CHAPTER V: Summary, Conclusions and Recommendation

Summary ------------------------------------------------------------------- 85-
Findings -------------------------------------------------------------------- 86-89
Conclusions --------------------------------------------------------------- 89-90
Recommendations ------------------------------------------------------- 90-91

Bibliography ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 92

Appendix

A – Perception of the Groups of Respondents

of the Different PNP Programs --------------------------------- 92-97
B – Survey Questionnaire --------------------------------------------- 98-104
C – Letter of the Respondents --------------------------------------- 104-12
D - Compliance Certification -------------------------------------------- 113-115

Curriculum Vitae ----------------------------------------------------------------- 116

xvii