Exercise CO2.1: Estimating CO2 emissions from fuel combustion using the Sectoral Approach.

Your have been asked to calculate CO2 emissions for the Statisland residential sector using fuel consumption data
This is a six-step process. These steps are shown in the table below. Starting with step one, complete each step in
To avoid errors, use formulas to link cells directly to their values, rather than typing them into cells directly. Do no

MODULE ENERGY
SUBMODULE CO2 FROM FUEL COMBUSTON (TIER I SECTORAL APPROACH)
WORKSHEET STEP BY STEP CALCULATIONS
SHEET RESIDENTIAL SECTOR
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3
A B C D
Consumption Conversion Consumption Carbon
Manufacturing Industries and (unit) Factor (TJ net) Emission
Construction (TJ net/unit) Factor
(tC/TJ )

C = (A x B)
Gasoline
Other Kerosene
Gas/Diesel Oil
Residual Fuel Oil
LPG
Anthracite
Other Bituminous Coal
Sub-Bituminous Coal
Lignite
Peat
Patent Fuel
BKB
Coke Oven Coke
Gas Works Gas
Coke Oven Gas
Natural Gas

Total

Statisland Energy Statistics

Coal (kt) Peat

SUPPLY AND (kt)
CONSUMPTION Other bit. Lignite BKB
coal
Production - - 238 4 991
Imports 1 597 22 - -
Exports -9 -1 - -
Intl. marine bunkers - - - 23 -
Intl. aviation bunkers - - - -
Stock Changes 414 - - 18 - 945
DOMESTIC SUPPLY 2 002 21 197 4 046
Transfers - - - -
Statisical differences - 30 1 2 - 84
TRANSFORMATION 1 469 - - 3 307
Electricity and Heat Plants 1 469 - - 3 307
Oil refineries - - - -
ENERGY IND. OWN USE - - - 126
Oil refineries - - - -
Other energy ind. own use - - - 126
Losses - - - -
FINAL CONSUMPTION 503 22 199 529
INDUSTRY 163 - - -
Iron and steel - - - -
Chemical and petrochem. - - - -
Non-metallic minerals 139 - - -
Food and tobacco 24 - - -
Construction - - - -
TRANSPORT - - - -
Domestic aviation - - - -
Road - - - -
Rail - - - -
OTHER 340 22 199 529
Residential 296 22 199 529
Comm and public services - - - -
NON-ENERGY USE - - - -
in industry/transf/energy - - - -
of which: feedstocks - - - -
in other - - - -
al Approach.
ctor using fuel consumption data and the Revised 1996 IPPC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.
h step one, complete each step in turn using the data provided. Scroll down for additional data.
ng them into cells directly. Do not round the data.

Step 3 Step 4 Step 5

E F G H I J
Carbon Carbon Fraction of Carbon Net Carbon Fraction of
Content Content Carbon Stored Emissions Carbon
(tC) (GgC) Stored (GgC) (GgC) Oxidised

E = (C x D) F = (E x 10-3) H= (F x G) I = (F - H)

stics Suppleme

Natural gas Oil (kt)

(TJ gross) Other Gas/ Table I-I
kerosene diesel
Carbon Emissions Factors
14 717 209 1 070 (t C/TJ)
 - - -
204 042 722 2 217
- - 140 - 372 Gasoline
- - - 80 Other Kerosene
- 321 -7 177 Gas/Diesel Oil
218 438 784 3 012 Residual Fuel Oil
- 323 - LPG
320 - 42 219 Anthracite
140 430 - 25 Other bit coal
140 430 - 25 Sub bit coal
- - - Lignite
- - 1 Peat
- - 1 Patent Fuel
- - - BKB
3 282 - - Coke Oven Coke
75 046 1 065 3 205 Coke Oven Gas
21 678 104 132 Natural gas (Dry)
10 201 - -
2 512 63 12
8 238 - 100
655 41 20
72 - -
- - 2 227 Table I-6
- - - Fraction of Carbon Oxidised
- - 2 186 Recommended Default
- - 41 Assumptions
53 368 961 846
32 950 961 208 Coal
20 418 - 638 Oil and oil products
- - - Gas
- - -
- - - Peat for electricity generation
- - -
se Gas Inventories.
.

Step 5 Step 6
K L
Actual Actual CO2
Carbon Emissions
Emissions (GgCO2)
(GgC)

K= (I x J) L = (K x [44/12])

Total

Supplementary information

able I-I Table I-2

missions Factors Net Calorific Values (NCVs)
t C/TJ) (TJ net/103 tonnes)
 Statisland

18.9 Gasoline 44.80

19.6 Other Kerosene 43.00
20.2 Gas/Diesel Oil 42.60
21.1 Residual Fuel Oil 40.19
17.2 LPG 47.31
26.8
25.8 Anthracite
26.2 Other Bituminous Coal 27.84
27.6 Sub-Bituminous Coal 18.90
28.9 Lignite 19.82
25.8 Patent Fuel 26.26
25.8 BKB 18.55
29.5 Coke Oven Coke
13.0 Gas Coke
15.3 Peat 13.11

Useful information:
able I-6
Carbon Oxidised For natural gas, NCV/GCV = 0.9
ended Default
umptions

0.98
“Carbon stored” refers to fuels which are not
0.99 combusted, but are used for non-combustion
0.995 purposes that do not result in immediate CO 2
emissions, e.g. making plastics, or using bitumen
0.99 to surface roads. In general, we can assume that
fuels in the residential sector are used for
combustion purposes.
Exercise CO2.2: Estimating CO2 emissions per kWh of electricity generation.
The Government of Statisland is conducting a study into the CO2 intensity of the electricity generation sector.
As part of this study, you have been asked to calculate an indicator showing CO2 emissions per kWh of electricity
For the purposes of this exercise, we will calculate data at aggregated level rather than for each individual produ

Transformation Electricity output

(electricity input)

Main activity Auto activity Main activity Auto activity

DATA FROM THE producer producer producer producer
STATISLAND ENERGY electricity electricity electricity electricity
BALANCES plants plants plants plants
(ktoe) (ktoe) (GWh) (GWh)

Anthracite 213 - 935 -

Other bituminous coal 200 244 134 879 413 54
Sub-bituminous coal 199 454 128 850 130 391
Lignite 23 132 98 94 522 7
Blast furnace gas - 163 - 339
Industrial waste 324 203 1 140 528
Municipal waste (renew) 2 696 329 6 920 859
Municipal waste (non-renew) 2 589 316 6 647 825
Primary solid biofuels 3 765 24 10 732 75
Biogases 2 265 271 8 222 1 048
Other liquid biofuels 7 1 45 3
Natural gas 148 913 520 831 257 2 071
Refinery gas - 117 43 222
Kerosene type jet fuel 99 - 486 -
Kerosene 54 - 197 -
Gas/diesel oil 1 476 14 6 245 49
Fuel Oil 1 841 4 7 712 2
Petroleum coke 2 929 - 12 147 -
Non-specified oil products 65 - 259 -
Nuclear 821 405 -
Hydro 319 892 1 841
Geothermal 17 892 -
Solar photovoltaics 935 4 325
Solar thermal 893 -
Wind 120 798 56
Other sources - 323
Total 3 998 867 13 018
ctricity generation sector.
ssions per kWh of electricity output.
an for each individual product. Please see further instructions below.

Instructions
1) Calculate the aggregated fuel input to electricity generation.

2) Calculate the CO2 emissions using the country specific implied emission factors provided.

3) Calculate the total electricity output from each product category and for total electricity generation.

4) Finally, calculate a CO2 / kWh indicator for each product category and for total electricity generation.

Useful information: 1 ktoe = 41.868 TJ

Fuel input to Country specific

electricity average emission CO2 emissions
generation factor
(TJ) (tCO2 / TJ) (tCO2)
Coal / peat 93
Oil 86
Natural Gas 56
Other (non-ren waste) 107
Total Electricity
Generation Sector

How does the CO2 emission / kWh indicator for total electricity generation compare with the others?
Suggest the reasons for any differences.
 ission factors provided.

and for total electricity generation.

and for total electricity generation.

Total electricity CO2 emissions per unit of

output electricity output

(GWh) (gCO2/kWh)

neration compare with the others?

Exercise CO2.3: Use the CO2 emissions per kWh of electricity generation indicator to investigate the potential for
The Government of Statisland has asked for help reducing the carbon footprint of its electricity generation secto
Review the electricity generation set-up in Statisland and suggest an alternative that could lower average CO 2 em
to 300 gCO2 / kWh (or less), compared with the current value of 509 gCO2/ kWh.

Source of Implied Current Share Suggested Share

Electricity Emission Factor of Elec. Output of Elec. Output
(CO2 / kWh) (%) (%)
Coal / peat 905.7 45.51% 45.51
Oil 866.5 0.68% 0.68
Natural Gas 419.1 20.77% 20.77
Other (non-ren waste) 1689.6 0.23% 0.23

Biofuels * 0.0 0.70% 0.70

Nuclear 0.0 20.47% 20.47
Hydro 0.0 8.02% 8.02
Geothermal 0.0 0.45% 0.45
Solar photovoltaics 0.0 0.13% 0.13
Solar thermal 0.0 0.02% 0.02
Wind 0.0 3.01% 3.01
Other non-emitting sources 0.0 0.01% 0.01

Total 509.0 100.0% 100.0%

* Although biofuels are assumed to have zero CO 2 emissions if used in a sustainable manner, their use would result in emis

such as CH4 and N2O. However, this is outside the scope of this exercise.
 investigate the potential for emissions savings by switching fuels.
s electricity generation sector by 2020.
could lower average CO 2 emissions per unit of electricity output

Instructions:

Edit the values in the "Suggested Share of Elec. Output" column to obtain
the desired levels of CO2 emissions / kWh.

To mimic real-world problems, there are limits on the share of electricity

output that each source can deliver. If you enter a value outside the
range allowed in this scenario, a pop-up message from a Statisland
colleague will appear to advise you on the limit.

As a bonus question, check how high on the World Ranking Statisland can
get given the restrictions used in our scenario.

CO2 emissions / kWh: 509.0 gCO2/kWh

CO2 Reduction: - MtCO2

World Ranking 89th lowest CO2 / kWh

r, their use would result in emissions of other greenhouse gases