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HERITAGE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Department of Civil Engineering


Strength of Materials Laboratory (CIVL 2111)
TENSION TEST OF MILD STEEL
EXPERIMENT No: DATE: / / 2015

OBJECT OF THE EXPERIMENT:


To determine the yield strength, ultimate strength and Young’s modulus and plot the nature
of stress-strain curve of mild steel under tension.
APPARATUS USED:
1. Universal Testing Machine: The Universal testing machine usually consists of
main three units: (i) Control and Recording Unit, (ii) Straining Unit and (iii)
Hydraulic / Electric Unit.
(Manufactured by Fuel Instruments & Engineers Pvt. Ltd., Model: UTE - 40)
2. Extensometer: There are two types of extension measuring instruments: (i) Open
type; (b) Closed type. In both the types there are two pairs of knife edges to grip
the test piece at a definite distance, so that the distance may be considered as the
gauge length. One pair of knife edges is fixed and another pair is movable. In
open type the two parts are separated when the test piece breaks. The closed type,
in which the linear movement of the knife edge is converted into the rotational
movement of the dial indicator, is generally used.
3. Micrometer /Vernier Caliper.
Technical Specification:
(a) Universal Testing Machine Capacity : 400 kN maximum.
(b) Closed Type Extensometer : Gauge length 25 mm, extension 2 mm
and output from computer.
(c) Micrometer /Vernier Caliper : ………………………………………

TEST PIECE SPECIFICATION:


Material specification ……… …………………………………………………
Test section diameter (d): ……………………………….. mm,
Gauge length (L0)
 2
Lo  5.65 S o  _____________ mm, where S o  cross  sec tional area  d
4

Signature of the students with date.


HERITAGE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Department of Civil Engineering
Strength of Materials Laboratory (CIVL 2111)

THEORY:
The tensile test is most applied one, of all mechanical tests. In this test ends of test
piece are fixed into grips connected to a straining device and to a load measuring
device. If the applied load is small enough, the deformation of any solid body is
entirely elastic. An elastically deformed solid will return to its original from as soon as
load is removed. However, if the load is too large, the material can be deformed
permanently. The initial part of the tension curve which is recoverable immediately
after unloading is termed. As elastic and the rest of the curve which represents the
manner in which solid undergoes plastic deformation is termed plastic. The stress
below which the deformations essentially entirely elastic is known as the yield strength
of material. In some material the onset of plastic deformation is denoted by a sudden
drop in load indicating both an upper and a lower yield point. However, some
materials do not exhibit a sharp yield point. During plastic deformation, at larger
extensions strain hardening cannot compensate for the decrease in section and thus the
load passes through a maximum and then begins to decrease. This stage the ultimate
strength which is defined as the ratio of the load on the specimen to original cross-
sectional area, reaches a maximum value. Further loading will eventually cause ‘neck’
formation and rupture.
PROCEDURE OF CARRYING OUT TENSILE TEST:
1. Measure the dimension of the test piece.
2. Select the proper jaw inserts and complete the upper and lower chuck assemblies.
3. Apply some graphite grease to the tapered surface of the grip for the smooth
motion.
4. Then operate the upper cross-head grip operation handle and grip fully the upper
end of the test piece.
5. The left valve is kept in fully closed position and the right valve in normal open
position.
6. Open the right valve and close it after the lower table is slightly lifted.
7. Now adjust the load to zero by TARE push button. (This is necessary to remove
the dead weight of the lower table, upper cross head and other connecting parts
from the load.)
8. Operate the lower grip operation handle and lift the lower cross head up and grip
fully the lower part of the specimen. Then lock the jaws in this position by
operating the jaw locking handle.
9. Then turn the right control valve slowly to open the position, (i.e. anticlockwise)
until you get a desired loading rate.
Signature of the students with date.
HERITAGE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Department of Civil Engineering
Strength of Materials Laboratory (CIVL 2111)

10. After this you will find that the specimen is under load and then unclamp the
locking handle. Now the jaws will not slide down due to their own weight.
11. Then go on increasing the load.
12. Note readings of elongations ( L ) corresponding to loads at an interval of 4 kN
up to 20 kN from display unit.
13. When the test piece is broken, close the right control valve.
14. Take out the broken test pieces.
15. Then open the left control valve to take the piston down.
16. Take the output results from computer for entire tension test till breaking of
sample.

OBESERVATION:
Gauge length: ………………………………..mm.
Stress Modulus of
(kN/mm2) Strain Elasticity Avg. Modulus
Extensometer
Sl. Load F (kN) F L (kN/mm2) of Elasticity, E
Reading   
No.  d2 Stress (kN/mm2)
(mm) Lo
4 E
Strain

Yield Point Load (kN) Yield Point Strength (kN/mm2)

Maximum Load (kN) Ultimate Strength (kN/mm2 )


% elongation for ……………mm
Breaking Load (kN) elongation over gauge length
………………mm.

Signature of the students with date.


HERITAGE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Department of Civil Engineering
Strength of Materials Laboratory (CIVL 2111)

Universal Testing Machine

Signature of the students with date.

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