Running head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 1

Annotated Bibliography:

Arroyo Flooding

Frederic Williams

University of Texas El Paso

RWS 1302

Dr. Vierra

July 23, 2018

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 2

Research Questions

1. What is arroyo flooding?

 Crickmay (1974)

 Watson (2001)

 Lui (2017)

2. How often does arroyo flooding happens in El Paso?

 Fitzgerald(2003)

 Daniel(2007)

 Salvador (2015)

3. How is UTEP vulnerable to arroyo flooding?

 Watson (2001)

 Wolman (1995)

 Crickmay (1974)

4. How has arroyo flooding increased over the years?

 Salvador (2015)

 Wolman (1995)

 Troncoso (2017)

What steps have been made to prevent arroyo flooding at UTEP?

 Martinez, J. (2001)

 Mohamed Moustafa M. A Elgendy. (2008)

 Collins (2007)
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 3

Interview Questions

 When did the buildings surrounding the crazy cat arroyo first start experiencing

flooding?

 According to an article in The Prospector (2013), Ten Eyck suggests new arroyo

that will be connected to existing arroyos to allow rain water to soak into the

ground instead of running off quickly

 Was the campus master plan drafted with the U.S. Green Building Councils

LEED rating system in mind?

 How does the campus transformation reduce the water demand? Reduce energy

consumption? Navigate runoff?

 How does UTEP’s arroyos connect with the city’s arroyos

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 4

Annotated Bibliography

Burnett, J. (2008). Flash floods in Texas. [electronic resource] College Station: Texas A&M

University Press, c2008. (Baltimore, Md. : Project MUSE, 2014); 1st ed. Retrieved from

http://0-

search.ebscohost.com.lib.utep.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cat04704a&AN=nug.b295

2587&site=eds-live&scope=site; http://0-

muse.jhu.edu.lib.utep.edu/books/9781603443937/

Burnett (2008) claimed that no part of Texas is immune to a flash flood. According to the

National weather service just about every part of Texas is bound to experience some type

of flooding, due to its climate. Burnett noted that with the state lying in the path moisture

from the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean that tropical storms are more likely to hit

Texas. Burnett found that flash floods have changed certain landscapes due to the force

and debris of the flood waters and how it could clear out a whole city. Burnett was right

that no part of Texas is immune to flood, but that is kind of a reach with it being the fact

that all of Texas doesn’t have the same type of climate.

Collins, Timothy W.; Grineski, Sara E.; Ford, Paula; Aldouri, Raed; de Lourdes, Romo Aguilar;

Velázquez-Angulo, Gilberto; Fitzgerald, Rosa; Lu, Duanjun; (2013). Mapping

vulnerability to climate change-related hazards: Children at risk in a US-Mexico border

metropolis. Population and Environment, 34(3), 313-337. Retrieved from http://0-

www.jstor.org.lib.utep.edu/stable/42636674

Collins (2013) claimed that the US-Mexico border is vulnerable to dangerous climate

change that could lead to human health issues such as illness and death and needs to be
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 5

prevented. He noted that climate change has been an increasingly public health concern.

Collins found that research shows that temperatures are projected to increase by 3-5

degrees Celsius by 2100 and a decrease in precipitation by 5-8% which goes to show that

if anything isn't done to help prevent climate change these numbers will continue to

increase due to climate change (p. 317). Collins is surely correct that climate change is

affecting the weather in El Paso, according to Balling And Cerveny (2003) there will be

more frequent extreme floods due to climate change.

Collins, D. (2007, ). Construstion efforts follow storm 2006. The Prospector, pp. 13, 15.

Retrieved from https://theprospector.newspaperarchive.com/el-paso-prospector/2007-08-

28/page-13/

Daniel(2007) claimed that after the storm of 2006, the draining systems needed to be

repaired. He noted that there were about 37 repair projects and 10 reconstruction projects

in action to repair the damages from the storm. Daniel found that El Paso was granted 25

million to go towards the repairs after the storm. Reconstruction projects to better

improve the flood draining systems like man made arroyos is a good idea because it

forces rainwater a certain way to avoid water build ups. Flood control matters because

without it there wouldn’t be a way for water to flow and it will just build up and continue

to flood.

Crickmay, C. H. (Ed.). (1974). The work of the river: A critical study of the central aspects of

geomorphogeny. New York: American Elsevier Pub. Co. Retrieved from http://0-

search.ebscohost.com.lib.utep.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cat04704a&AN=nug.b115

0283&site=eds-live&scope=site
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 6

Crickmay claimed that a river is more than just a body of water According to are so many

other factors that helps a river flow. He noted that A river may be considered not only as

a channel carrying water but as a system of converging (p.4). Crickmay found that a

river is made up of a bunch of streams that are all connected like a leaf of a tree.

Crickmay is in fact correct, arroyos are formed over time after as flood waters erodes

away at dryeddried up creeks forming channels.

Flessa, K. W., Glenn, E. P., Hinojosa-Huerta Osvel, Parra-Rentería, C. A., Ramírez-Hernández

Jorge, Schmidt, J. C., & Zamora-Arroyo, F. A. (2013). Flooding the Colorado river

delta: A landscape-scale experiment. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union,

94(50), 485-486. doi:10.1002/2013EO500001

Flessa (2013) claimed that arroyo clearing crew cleaned arroyo preparing for hurricane

season. Flessa also noted that debris and dead vegetation restricts the flow of the arroyo.

He found that the IBWC plans on redirecting the flow of aan arroyo by using hydraulics.

While using hydraulics to redirect water flow is smart, it isn’t at the same time. It is much

cheaper to build arroyos/channels, this method is also easier to maintain.

Liu, F. Z., Xu, Q., Dong, X. J., Yu, B., Frost, J. D., & Li, H. J. (2017). Design and performance

of a novel multi-function debris flow mitigation system in Wenjia Gully,

sichuan. Landslides, 14(6), 2089-2104. doi:10.1007/s10346-017-0849-0

Lui (2017) claimed that natural disasters affect the debris flow systems. Lui found that an

unnamed novel came up with a designs solution to replace the current mitigation system.

This new design turned out to be affective with mitigating debris flow. Lui noted that this
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 7

method is used to reduce the energy of debris flow as it combines mitigation measures

and decreasing the impact. Lui method of mitigating system actually does help make the

debris flow easier but I believe that over time this system will eventually run out being

that landslides make it difficult for debris to flow.

McNicol Greg & Cindy Graff Cohen (2013). Greg McNicol, UTEP campus transformation.

McNicol (2013) claimed that back in the 60s that some colleges had a certain style of

architecture for their campus. He wanted to find out how the students back then felt about

the architecture. McNicol believed that the campus should be presented well so the

students would want to come, and it would be a good environment. He also believed that

if a building has a set first door it would make people not want to come in but that if there

wasn’t a prominent front door then students would have to explore campus. McNicol

found that looking back at the master plans from 2002, that’s there was a concept to make

UTEP a closed campus. McNicol wanted to bring this concept into action for a summer

to see how it would fit with campus life but unfortunately all of the pieces weren’t

together, so it couldn’t be done.

Watson, D., & Adams, M. (2011). Design for flooding: Architecture, landscape, and urban

design for resilience to flooding and climate change Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons,

©2011. Retrieved from http://0-

search.ebscohost.com.lib.utep.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cat04704a&AN=nug.b356

8704&site=eds-live&scope=site;http://0-

ebookcentral.proquest.com.lib.utep.edu/lib/utep/detail.action?docID=624403

Watson (2011) claimed that the most frequent natural disasters in the United States are

floods. Waston stated that many of these natural disasters are due to hurricanes from the
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 8

heavily populated coastal areas. Watson found that flooding is natural and should be

understood, flooding is only looked at as a disaster because of the damages that can be

done by flooding. While Watson is correct that flooding is natural, however it could be

controlled better.

Burnett, J. (2008). Flash floods in Texas. [electronic resource] College Station: Texas A&M

University Press, c2008. (Baltimore, Md. : Project MUSE, 2014); 1st ed. Retrieved from

http://0-

search.ebscohost.com.lib.utep.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cat04704a&AN=nug.b295

2587&site=eds-live&scope=site; http://0-

muse.jhu.edu.lib.utep.edu/books/9781603443937/

Burnett (2008) claimed that no part of Texas is immune to a flash flood. According to the

National weather service just about every part of Texas is bound to experience some type

of flooding, due to its climate. Burnett noted that with the state lying in the path moisture

from the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean that tropical storms are more likely to hit

Texas. Burnett found that flash floods have changed certain landscapes due to the force

and debris of the flood waters and how it could clear out a whole city. Burnett was right

that no part of Texas is immune to flood, but that is kind of a reach with it being the fact

that all of Texas doesn’t have the same type of climate.

Crickmay, C. H. (Ed.). (1974). The work of the river: A critical study of the central aspects of

geomorphogeny. New York: American Elsevier Pub. Co. Retrieved from http://0-

search.ebscohost.com.lib.utep.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cat04704a&AN=nug.b115

0283&site=eds-live&scope=site
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 9

Crickmay claimed that a river is more than just a body of water According to are so many

other factors that helps a river flow. He noted that A river may be considered not only as

a channel carrying water but as a system of converging (p.4). Crickmay found that a

river is made up of a bunch of streams that are all connected like a leaf of a tree.

Crickmay is in fact correct, arroyos are formed over time after as flood waters erodes

away at dryed up creeks forming channels.

Daniel Collins. (2007, ). Construstion efforts follow storm 2006. The Prospector, pp. 13, 15.

Retrieved from https://theprospector.newspaperarchive.com/el-paso-prospector/2007-08-

28/page-13/

Daniel(2007) claimed that after the storm of 2006, the draining systems needed to be repaired.

He noted that there were about 37 repair projects and 10 reconstruction projects in action

to repair the damages from the storm. Daniel found that El Paso was granted 25 million

to go towards the repairs after the storm. Reconstruction projects to better improve the

flood draining systems like man made arroyos is a good idea because it forces rainwater a

certain way to avoid water build ups.

Flessa, K. W., Glenn, E. P., Hinojosa-Huerta Osvel, Parra-Rentería, C. A., Ramírez-Hernández

Jorge, Schmidt, J. C., & Zamora-Arroyo, F. A. (2013). Flooding the Colorado river

delta: A landscape-scale experiment. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union,

94(50), 485-486. doi:10.1002/2013EO500001

Flessa (2013) claimed that arroyo clearing crew cleaned arroyo preparing for hurricane season.

Flessa also noted that debris and dead vegetation restricts the flow of the arroyo.
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 10

He found that the IBWC plans on redirecting the flow of a arroyo by using hydraulics. While

using hydraulics to redirect water flow is smart, it isn’t at the same time. It is much

cheaper to build arroyos/channels, this method is also easier to maintain.

McNicol Greg & Cindy Graff Cohen (2013). Greg McNicol, UTEP campus transformation.

McNicol (2013) claimed that back in the 60s that some colleges had a certain style of

architecture for their campus. He wanted to find out how the students back then felt about

the architecture. McNicol believed that the campus should be presented well so the

students would want to come and it would be a good environment. He also believed that

if a building has a set first door it would make people not want to come in but that if there

wasn’t a prominent front door then students would have to explore campus. McNicol

found that looking back at the master plans from 2002, that’s there was a concept to make

UTEP a closed campus. McNicol wanted to bring this concept into action for a summer

to see how it would fit with campus life but unfortunately all of the pieces weren’t

together so it couldn’t be done.

Mohamed Moustafa M. A Elgendy. (2008). Condition assessment and data integration for GIS-

based storm water drainage infrastructure management systems. El paso Inc.

Moustafa (2008) claimed that the drainage system for storm water need to be kept up and

serviced to avoid problems that could cost thousands. These drainage systems are a

complex system of open channels, drop structures, and culverts that are built over time

from previous storms. Moustafa noted that these storm drains have to be kept up and

cleaned to prevent and reduce flooding during storm season. Moustafa found that the city

of El Paso has applied conditions assessment methods to demonstrate their applicability.

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 11

Liu, F. Z., Xu, Q., Dong, X. J., Yu, B., Frost, J. D., & Li, H. J. (2017). Design and performance

of a novel multi-function debris flow mitigation system in Wenjia Gully,

sichuan. Landslides, 14(6), 2089-2104. doi:10.1007/s10346-017-0849-0

Lui (2017) claimed that natural disasters affects the debris flow systems. Lui found that

an unnamed novel came up with a designs solution to replace the current mitigation

system. This new design turned out to be affective with mitigating debris flow. Lui noted

that this method is used to reduce the energy of debris flow as it combines mitigation

measures and decreasing the impact. Lui method of mitigating system actually does help

make the debris flow easier but I believe that over time this system will eventually run

out being that landslides make sif more difficult for debris flow.

Salvador, B. (2008). Evaluating the hydrological impact of sediment deposition on arroyos and

drainage structures in El Paso county, Texas. ProQuest Dissertations

Salvador (2008) claimed that with Eel Ppaso being surrounded by dry deserts lands puts

them at risk of flash floods. The growth of residential, commercial, and industrial

development Inin these deserts climates impacts the hydrological. Salvador noted that the

severe flood that took place in 2006 is difficult to determine how much of an impact it

had because the difference in precipitation during the storms. Salvador found that the

most damage from the storm happened within city limits where it is heavily populated.

Salvador was right that the flash flood of the storm had a bigger affect in city limits, on

the other hand he left out why. With El Paso constantly expanding and covering areas

were water draining systems isn’t very good being that usethat use to be outside of city

limits before the rapid growth in industrial development.

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 12

Watson, D., & Adams, M. (2011). Design for flooding: Architecture, landscape, and urban

design for resilience to flooding and climate change Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons,

©2011. Retrieved from http://0-

search.ebscohost.com.lib.utep.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cat04704a&AN=nug.b356

8704&site=eds-live&scope=site;http://0-

ebookcentral.proquest.com.lib.utep.edu/lib/utep/detail.action?docID=624403

Watson (2011) claimed that the most frequent natural disasters in the United States are

floods. Watson stated that many of these natural disasters are due to hurricanes from the

heavily populated coastal areas. Watson found that flooding is natural and should be

understood, flooding is only looked at as a disaster because of the damages that can be

done by flooding. While Watson is correct that flooding is natural, however even though

it is natural it could still be controlled better.