VARAHA COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING

th
57 DIVISION, NARAVA, VISAKHAPATNAM-530027

SLUM REDESIGN
(PRE-THESIS)

SUBMITTED BY
ELLISETTY NAVEENA MOHANA PRABHA
REG.NO. 14111AA008
BATCH OF 2014-2019

(Affiliated to JNAFAU, masab tank Hyderabad & approved by COA

New Delhi.)
 VARAHA COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING
th
57 DIVISION, NARAVA, VISAKHAPATNAM-530027

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Pre-thesis on SLUM REDESIGN submitted by ELLISETTY

NAVEENA MOHANA PRABHA bearing REG.NO.14111AA008 is a bonafide work
in partial fulfilment of the requirement of academic work of 4th year Bachelor
of Architecture.

Ar.M. Srinivasan External examiner

Project guide

Ar.Y. Phaneendra Kumar

Project coordinator

Prof.M.Srinivasan

Principal
 Acknowledgment

At this stage, I would like to acknowledge the invaluable

contributions of my teachers without whose help completing this
pre-thesis would have been an impossible task.

I am highly indebted to my guide Prof. M. Srinivasan

for periodically reviewing my work and offering invaluable
suggestions in streamlining of this project. I owe my sincere
thanks to my teachers for their encouragement and support and
guidance.

I am very glad to offer my sincere to my teachers and

guides Ar.Sudas, Ar. Phaneedra and Ar. Kumar for guidance and
suggestion at regular interval.

Yours faithfully

E. Naveena Mohana Prabha.

Table of Contents

1.INTRODUCTION
1.1 What are slums?
1.2 Slum profile
1.3 Reasons for slum formation

2. SYNOPSIS
2.1 Need for the top
2.2 Aim
2.3Objectives
2.4 Scope
2.5 Limitations
3. STUDY ON SLUMS
3.1 Types of slums
3.2 Types of slum re-development
3.3 Selections of slum for re-development
3.4 Slum development strategies
4.LITERATURE STUDY
5.DESKTOP STUDY
4.1 ARANYA HOUSING
6. CASE STUDY
5.1 DHARAVI
5.2 AMBEDKAR COLONY HYDERABAD
7.BIBILOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION:

1.1 What are slums?

Slum can be defined as ‘A residential area where dwellings

are unfit for human habitation by reasons of dilapidation, overcrowding, lack
of ventilation or sanitation facility and having drinking water facilities in
unhygienic conditions’.

Slums refer to informal settlements in urban areas that are

densely populated. They are often characterized by substandard housing as
well as squalor. Many slums also may not have reliable sanitary services,
electricity, a clean and consistent water supply, and law enforcement.

A ‘slum’ is defined in several ways by different

organizations. A slum is identified as “A compact settlement of at least 20
households with a collection of poorly built tenements, mostly of temporary
nature, crowded together usually with inadequate sanitary and drinking water
facilities in unhygienic conditions”. Most slums lack clean water, electricity,
sanitation and other basic services.
1.2 Slum profile:

Out of 111 slums, 58 slums are on state government land,

22 on private land, 27 on local body land and 4 are on railway land. It is
observed that 81 slums are in Residential area, 22 in Commercial areas and 8
are in institutional areas.

1.3 Reasons for slum formation:

Formation of slums is not a new phenomenon; it was part of

history from the early years of industrialization. The main reasons for the
formation of slums are population growth, rural urban migration and lack of
good governance etc. some of the more common reasons are identified below:

a) Migration from rural to urban areas

b) Lack of affordable housing

c) Lack of secure tenure

d) Unemployment

e) Illiteracy

f) Poor Governance

g) Poverty.

2.0 SYNOPSIS:

2.1 Need for topic:

Now a days due to the development of industries in cities and less

land so many unauthorized settlements are happening and creating these
unhealthy atmospheres, drainage problems, lacking of primary facilities etc.
Due to this unhealthy environment drainage problem and dangerous condition
of slums so they need redevelopment.

2.2Aim:

Designing a residential zone for people in slum with all basic

infrastructure requirements with low cost and sustainable techniques and
providing an income regenerating zone.
2.3 Objectives:

• To provide better ambience and healthy surroundings.

• To take up environmental improvement, clearance and redevelopment

of slums.

• Construction of buildings with low cost materials.

• Providing with all basic needs of the project.

• Creating needs and requirements with all amenities like care centre,
school, market, community hall etc.

• To solve the service problems like water and drainage lines sanitation
and more.

• Creating buildings with green interaction spaces with water bodies and
amenities.

2.4 Scope of the design:

As the project deals with the slum re-development, designing of requirements

with minimum spaces.

Designing with sustainable architecture, low cost techniques.

2.5 Scope of the project:

Slum settlements is a problem seen in every city in the present days, so the
project is very useful for the slum settlement problem.

2.6 Limitations:

Not provide a detail structural drawings and services drawings.

3.0 STUDY ON SLUMS:

3.1 Types of slums:

a) Tenable slums: Means all slums which are not located on hazardous
locations suitable for human habitation and the land is not earmarked for any
major public facilities and therefore it can be regularized in the same location.
 b) Untenable slums: Untenable slums are those slums which are on
environmentally hazardous sites ecologically sensitive sites and on land
marked for public utilities and services.

3.2 Types of slum-redevelopment:

In situ slum up-gradation:

The process of improving the quality or expanding of dwelling

spaces occupied by slum dwellers with provision of basic services and
infrastructure services. – means the process of redeveloping slum areas by
providing proper access, dwelling unit, open spaces and other basic other
services to the slum dwellers on land on which the slum exists

Slum resettlement:

The process of relocation and settlement of slum dwellers from the existing
untenable slums to an alternative site with provision of dwelling space, basic
civic and infrastructural services.

3.3 Selection of slum for re-development:

Local Bodies (ULBs) need to identify tenable slums located on state

government lands and municipal lands for pilot projects. A detailed project
formulation at slum level needs to be prepared based on the three criteria
described below:

Social feasibility:

Majority of the slum community involved must ratify the need for
slum improvement in a general meeting

Financial feasibility:

Before authorizing the execution of the work and receiving its initial
payment from the government.

3.4 Slum development strategies:

Criteria for Formulating Slum Development Strategies Based upon the

detail analysis of the data collected, the following criteria are identified for the
Development of Strategies.
Types of development:

This refers to the development category in which a slum is placed depending

upon the extent of deficiencies in the housing or physical infrastructure.
Accordingly, a slum may require remodelling, development of infrastructure
alone, a combination of both, or total relocation. The types of development
are as follows:

a) Development of infrastructure only:

Without housing: This strategy is valid for slums which have 100% pucca
houses. The deficiencies in the infrastructure by overcome by undertaking
necessary works to plug the gaps.

b) Development of housing and infrastructure:(GAP FILLING):

In slums which have a mix of kutcha and pucca houses, this

strategy aims to develop the kutcha houses. Simultaneously, gaps in the
infrastructure will also be filled by formulating appropriate proposals.

c) Remodelling:

This strategy is specifically for slums which are having a large

percentage of kutcha houses. In such a scenario a totally new layout will be
implemented along with necessary physical infrastructure.

d) Remodelling and Gap Filling:

This is a special class of strategy in which slums which have

both housing and or infrastructure deficiencies will be taken up for
development.

e) Relocation:

This strategy is designed for slums which are located in

hazardous zones and hence have to be relocated either an existing slum or a
new area or colony.

f) Remodelling cum relocation:

In slums having a very high population density it is not possible to

remodel them in a manner which accommodates all the households. In such
slums the strategy would be to relocate some of the households in a new
location.

4.0 LITERATURE STUDY:

Requirements for a slum re-development based on infrastructure:

Physical infrastructure:

a. Water supply

b. Drainage

c. Sewerage and Sanitation

d. Solid Waste Management

e. Access road

f. Electricity

Social infrastructure:

a. Community hall

b. Bal wadi/ Anganwadi

c. Market

d. Play area/ park

e. Public toilets

Housing infrastructure:

Dwelling units should be a mix of EWS/LIG/MIG categories with the

maximum size of a dwelling unit being at 1200 square feet super area, with at
least 25% -EWS -300 square feet carpet area, the minimum carpet area for
EWS category shall be 25 square meters ,maximum carpet area for MIG
category shall be 80 square meters. LIG category house would be limited to a
maximum of 48 square meters b) The sale price of dwelling units should
have an upper ceiling in terms of Rupees per square meter of carpet area. The
price ceiling would be settled in consultation with the States/UTs for different
classes of cities.

Parking:

Parking is one of the most difficult issues to resolve in affordable

housing development projects. It can overwhelm the best designed buildings
and open spaces, so its overall impact must be handled very carefully.

Room standards:

S.no: Room Minimum Minimum Minimum Other important factors

description carpet area width height

1 Living room 9.00 2.40 2.75 Maximum height:4.40

Clear headroom under
beam:2.40m
Pitched roof:
Average height :2.75m
2 Bed room 6.50 2.40 2.75

3 One room 12.50 2.40 2.75

tenement
4 Kitchen 3.30 1.50 2.75

5 Independent 1.20 1.00 2.10

bath
6 Independent 1.08 0.90 2.10
wc
7 Combined 1.80 1.00 2.10

Living room:
ROADS:

Score 1: 60% or more of the in-slum roads have a min of 3 m width Score 2:
Less than 60% of the in-slum roads are of 3 m width. The consideration of high
and low level of infrastructure status is based on a total Score as stipulated
above. The total Score would be between min of 5 to a maximum of 10. The
following total Score is considered:

Total Score of less or equal to 7: High level of Infrastructure (Code 1)

Total Score of greater than 7: Low level of Infrastructure (Code2).

KITCHEN:

TOILETS:
Primary health care centre:

PHC Building location should be centrally located in an easily

accessible area. Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS) GUIDELINES for Primary
Health Centres. The plinth area would vary from 375 to 450 sq. meters.

Entrance with Barrier free access Barrier free access environment for
easy access to no ambulant (wheel-chair, stretcher), semi-ambulant, visually
disabled and elderly persons asper guidelines of GOI. Ramp as per
specification, Hand- railing, and proper lightning etc must be provided in all
health facilities and retrofitted in older one which lack the same. The doorway
leading to the entrance should also have a ramp facilitating easy access for old
and physically challenged patients.

Rooms:

Labour Room (3.8 m x 4.2 m)

Dressing Room (3.8 m x 2.7 m)

Emergency Laboratory (3.8 m x 2.7 m)

General store Dispensing cum store area: 3 m x 3 m

Cold Chain room –Size: 3 m x 4 m

Logistics Room – Size: 3 m x 4 m

Generator room – Size: 3 m x 4 m

Office room 3.5 m x 3.0

Counselling. Wards 5.5 m x 3.5 m

DESKTOP STUDY:
ARANYA HOUSING
Characteristics:

Mixed and multiple land use

Formation of small neighbourhoods and houses extending to the outdoors.

Small shops operating within congested areas.

Trees planted in public places

Streets accommodating social, economic and domestic activities.

SITE ANALYSIS:

Urban Indore city 214 sq. km.

Major development along Delhi – Mumbai highway running through the city in
the north south direction

Existing features:

1.85 hectares allotted for existing light industries.

Geographical features:

Flat site

A natural water channel running diagonally across the SW corner.

Top strata of the black cotton soil 2-2.5 m thick.

Gradually sloping (Gradient: 1:110 approx.) towards the north-west corner.

AFTER RE-DESIGN:

EWS 65% uniformly distributed

LIG 11% uniformly distributed

MIG 14% close to artery

HIG 9% arterial road

ROADS:

Segregation of vehicular and pedestrian traffic

Offsets break visual monotony

Hierarchy is based on the volume of the traffic and activities.

The roads suit human scale

Use of cul-de-sacs to avoid traffic

60 m 30 m 12 m 15 m 9.5 m 4.5 m 1.5m

LAND USE DISTRIBUTION:

Roads:26%

Open spaces:9%

Community & Commercial facilities:7%

Residential Space:58%
CLIMATE RESPONSIVE FEATURES:

Most of the plots small in size and clustered in low rise blocks

Longer side façade oriented in the north-south axis to reduce the solar
radiation on the building.

Each house has minimum exposure to wall surface and a common wall.

The two openings on the north and south permit light and cross ventilation.

Courtyards within the houses, cul-de-sacs, public squares and small activity
areas shaded adequately by adjacent buildings.

Use of locally available building materials.

Topography used for orientation of major infrastructure network and spatial

organization.

SERVICES:

SITE AND SERVICE APPROACH

Cost-effective

Progressive development of facilities.

Houses built by the people themselves to suit their needs.

Each family provided with a plot having a water tank, sewerage connection,
paved access with street lighting, storm water drainage

Service cores - key to this site and service scheme. - nuclei around which
houses were built.

Houses were clustered in groups of 10.

Septic tank provided for every 2 clusters.

Water drawn from 3 local reservoirs.

To economize, 20 toilets are connected to 1 manhole.

One service line serves four rows of houses.

SEWERAGE SYSTEM:

Major alternatives: - Sewer-less sanitation. -Conventional sewerage system.

The soil being impermeable black soil of 2m depth, conventional sewerage

system was adopted.

Designed after thorough analysis of topography – naturally slopes towards NW

Higher income groups, using more water were located at high ground level to
generate large flow.

Lower income groups, using less water located at lower ground level.

This resulted in 10-15% savings.

TREATMENT SYSTEM:

For conveyance system, a wet well and lift station was constructed near the
final manhole.

Oxidation pond - located on the NW corner of the site. - removes biological

oxygen - simple in operation - effluent suitable for disposal

STORM WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM:

Very efficient and facilitates healthy and clean living.

Combination of underground and surface drainage system.

Underground used for wider roads

Surface drainage used for internal roads

ELECTRICITY:

High income and middle-income groups were provided with overhead cables.

Economically Weaker Sections were provided with underground cables.

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS:

Foundation: Under rimmed piles in concrete, cast in situ locally was used as
the soil was black cotton soil.
Structural members: Reinforced concrete plinth beams, load bearing brick
walls, reinforced concrete slabs.

Exterior finishes: Bright colour in the façade, railing, grills and cornices seen in
the old houses of Indore used in some houses in the township.

Residents were free to use any material like brick or stone that were locally
available.

LANDSCAPE:

Landscape and green areas include flowering and shade giving trees with thick
ground cover, including lantana, an ever-green tree, that requires little
maintenance.

Trees include casuarinas, bottle brush and eucalyptus.

CONCLUSION:

It understands the traditional Indian habits

Planning and design is in accordance with the prevailing socio-economic and

technological conditions

Cost –effective construction materials and techniques have been adopted

Planning is “whole to part” – i.e. From township level to dwelling unit level.

Accessibility has been an essential factor for designing.

Consistency in every aspect

Staggered roads, prevent thorough traffic, reduce speed of vehicles

Climate responsive and site responsive design.

.
CASE STUDY: DHARAVI
INTRODUCTION:

Dharavi, a settlement formed over years of migration and still undergoing

process of change, has emerged as a symbol of informal urbanism. Composed
of 85 nagars or clusters, it is a labyrinth of dense multi-functional work-live
dwellings showcasing a wide range of commercial activity, the productivity
contributing to a 6th of the GDP of the entire city of Mumbai. Dharavi is a
settlement of 175 ha of slum dwellings that is in the present. Dharavi is
composed out of a myriad of multi-functional living units, open spaces, organic
clusters, industrial, institutional, commercial and social zones.

Location: Dharavi is a locality in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. This slum is the

second largest in Asia, after Orangi. Dharavi has an area of just over 2.1 square
kilometres.

SITE ANALYSIS:

Climatic data:

The Climate of Mumbai is a tropical wet and dry climate. Mumbai's climate
can be best described as moderately hot with high level of humidity. Its coastal
nature and tropical location ensure temperatures won't fluctuate much
throughout the year.

Approach to site:

5 min walk from the mahim local railway station.

Site area: Total site area is 2.1 sq.km.

Site history:
History of Growth of Slum in Dharavi
Dharavi, located on the northernmost tip of Mumbai island City, was the
home of the Koli fishing community and the Mahim Creek was their source of
fish and livelihood for centuries. Indeed, one of the Bombay Gazetteers
mentions Dharavi as one of the ‘six great Koliwadas of Bombay’.
The Portuguese were the first colonists to stake their claim to the seven islands
of Bombay in the 16th century: they built a small fort and church at Bandra, on
the opposite shore from Dharavi. The years passed, the Koli fishermen
continued to fish in the Creek. The Riwa (Rehwa) Fort at Dharavi, locally known
as ‘Kala Qilla’, was built in 1737 by the second British governor of Bombay,
Gerald Aungier, on the banks of the Mithi River. It was part of the larger British-
built Bombay Castle.
The growth of Dharavi is closely interwoven with the pattern of migration into
Bombay. The first people to settle there did so because the land, mainly used as
an informal rubbish dump, was free and unregulated. The marshy land slowly
grew more solid but even till the mid-1900s, parts were so wet, people had to
build foot-bridges to cross over.
By end-1800s, the potters from Saurashtra were relocated here and set up their
colony (Kumbharwada), as also the Muslim leather tanners from Tamilnadu
(because of the proximity of the abattoir in Bandra). Artisans and embroidery
workers from Uttar Pradesh started the ready-made garments trade, and
Tamilians set up a flourishing business, making savories and sweets. This way,
Mumbai being the commercial capital of the country with unlimited opportunity
for employment attracted people from all parts of the country, irrespective of
region, caste, religion. Most of the land in Dharavi is owned by government and
government agencies and so was the most suitable for the migrants to encroach
and setup informal settlement. Dharavi thus became an amazing mosaic of
villages and townships from all over India belonging to different religions,
languages, and entrepreneurs, all surviving shoulder to shoulder.
INFORMAL GROWTH IN DHARAVI:

Development in dharavi?

In 1930’s after a fire rage in the community each family was given 15’x60’
plot of land with single storey brick house.

“There was no running water, no public toilet, no street, no street light.”

In the year 1971, the Maharashtra slum areas (Improvement, clearance and
redevelopment) Act came into being.

In the year 1973, a ‘slum improvement board’ was constituted. This brought
basic civic amenities to Dharavi like taps, drainage, pathways, latrines, and
street lights.

A census of hutments was carried out in 1976 and photo-passes were

issued to slum families. Its people were provided with taps, toilets and
electrical connections as part of slum improvement measures. The Sion-
Mahim Link road, the 60 feet and 90 feet roads, were all built around this
time; sewer and water lines were laid down. Transit Camps were built to
relocate people whose homes came in the way of new roads and other
infrastructural projects.
In the year 1985, new Transit camp structures were built as a part of the
PGMP as temporary housing for slum dwellers before they moved into new
semi-subsided apartment block. The camp structures have now turned into
permanent dwellings for the migrants, and houses for most of the
commercial structures of Dharavi itself.

In 1986 37 crores was sanctioned for dharavi. In which 22 crore went

towards infrastructure development. The remaining 15 crores was used for
housing projects. The Prime Minister’s Grant Project (PMGP) was initiated
in 1987 and Maharashtra Housing and Area Development Authority
(MHADA) was declared as Special Planning Authority (SPA) for Dharavi.
Under the project about 27 buildings with number of houses were built
thereby giving shelter to good number of families. But given the size and
shape of dharavi, this was just a symbolic re-development.

In 1995, the SRA (Slum Rehabilitation authority) came into being and the
idea of a ‘free house’ became a reality. To those with proof of residence in
Mumbai, before 1 January 1995.

After the year 1995, under the Slum Rehabilitation Scheme (SRA) 86
Schemes were approved in Dharavi in the period up to 2004. Majority of
the Schemes were based on TDR (Transferred Development Rights) and the
TDR generated from these projects were sold for use outside Dharavi. Most
of the schemes under SRA were along the major developed roads of
Dharavi. No major S.R Schemes were proposed in the interior part of
Dharavi due to inadequate access and also due to the presence of larger
number of commercial / industrial units. These schemes were scattered in
whole of Dharavi and buildings were coming up in sporadic manner along
the existing roads. The SRA schemes lacked the much-needed emphasis on
holistically planned urban development including development of new
roads, water and sewerage and other amenities. Major part of Dharavi
remained in undeveloped and unhygienic condition.
 SERVICES:

Water supply: On comparing with the sanitation facilities in the slums, the
water supply coverage is still decent. Water supply is through stand pipes
two hours per day. Majority of the houses do not have individual water
supply connection. One tap per 100 people.

Sanitation: Majority of the houses do not have adequate sanitary

facilities. They depend on common toilets. It has no proper drainage or

sewage facilities. They have open sewers. There is an estimate one WC for

every 300 members. Open sewers in the middle of the street.

 Medical centre:

Mumbai’s busiest public medical centre, Sion Hospital, stands as a defining

landmark on the southeast border of one of the city’s most well-known
slums.

The medical centre, Sion Hospital, opened in 1947 and has had to deal with
unprecedented and unexpected growth and a range of health issues that
accompany the extremely poor living conditions of local residents.

The hospital’s growth from a 50-bed facility in its infancy in the 1950s to a
1,400-bed facility.

Social amenities: There is a municipal transit camp school, a community

centre, an anganwadi in dharavi.

Municipal transit camp school

in dharavi.
 Community centre.

Anganwadi

DETAIL OF A SECTION IN DHARAVI:

KHUMBARWADA COMMUNITY:

The khumbarwada colony is a spread over 12.5 acres of land at an intersection

of the 90feet and 60 feet roads in dharavi. The community comprises of semi-
permanent to permanent housing. The khumbars are the oldest communities
of dharavi.

Location: A hundred-year-old potters’ settlement in the centre of Mumbai.

Materials: The ground floor of the houses are generally built with brick and
sometimes with wooden frames and tin sheet cladding. Upper stories are built
with either wooden or steel frames and clad with tin or cement sheets. The
roofs are made up of corrugated cement sheets.

Typical house configuration: Typically, each house is a long narrow space

(normally single storied but occasionally double storied), with parts of the
house used to store raw materials, intermediate products, finished products,
and tools and implements. The houses facing the street have shop fronts
where the products are sold. Many such long narrow houses are stacked next
to each other to form the settlement.

Space utilization: Spaces between the two stacks form the streets and the
open spaces, which double up as work spaces and hold numerous kilns,
storage spaces etc... Small parts of these streets are covered with make-shift
materials. This is done to usually protect and save the raw clay and unfired
pots.
Merits: The only positive about Dharavi is its industrial sector. Dharavi has an
estimated 5,000 businesses and 15,000 single-room factories that produce
somewhere between $700 million and $1 billion a year in revenue.

De-merits:

Dharavi needs a re-design.

There is no proper sanitation

No proper housing

It is not a healthy environment for people to live in.

CASE STUDY: AMBEDKAR COLONY.
LOCATION:

Site analysis:

Approach to the site:

5min walk from Hyderabad bhavan

Site orientation:

Site is oriented on the north side

Site topography:

No contours are present

Climatic conditions:

Maximum and minimum temperatures are 40˚c and 16˚c

The average humidity is 75%.

the average annual rainfall is 241.5 millimetres

Total site area: 5 Acres

Site history:

Before 30-35 years people from rural areas migrated to the city for
job opportunities and started forming informal settlements. During 1985 when
N T Rama Rao was the chief minister he gave the site documents to the people
living in the slums. That is when people started constructing their own shelter.
And within 5 years documents and approval for the second floor was provided.

Housing units:

Each house is built by the people themselves.

1bhk and 2bhk flats are available.

2storeyed and 3 storeyed buildings are seen.

Community facilities:

Community hall is provided

School:

Anganwadi is provided in this area.

Primary health care centre:

There are 2 clinics present in this area one by the government and other is
private.

Services:

Water supply: water distribution is provided. Municipal water tap is provided

in the locality.

Sanitation: The sewage is collected from all the units and connected to the
sewerage system. Manholes are provided at every junction.

Drainage: According to the design, storm water drains are to be provided along
the roads and discharged to the city drainage system. Under ground drainage
systems are provided.

Road width:

6m wide road and 8m wide roads are provided. Roads are a bit congested
because of temporary street vendors.
Merits:

Housing units are well designed with good ventilation

Services are provided based on public needs.

Roads are wide and good.

Demerits:

No storm water drains are provided.

Parks and other recreation spaces are not provided.

COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS

LITERATURE DHARAVI CASE AMBEDKAR

STUDY STUDY COLONY
HOUSING The minimum No proper It is designed
area for each unit housing Is each unit with 35
is 30 sq m provided sq m
ROAD Minimum width 8.0 m roads are 8.0 m roads are
for main street is provided provided
7.0m t0 9.0m
WATER SUPPLY 60% or more of Proper water individual unit is
household supply is not present.
should have provided.
individual
connection
Sanitation 60% or more of No proper toilet Every house has
household should units are present individual toilet
have individual unit
toilet unit
Green space 5-10 % of land they used below they used below
should be used 10% space for 10% space for
for the greenery the landscape the landscape
land scape

Drainage 60% or more in No proper pucca drainage

slum drains are drainage system lines in every
covered and are is provided. Open street and
pucca drains sewers are connected to the
present. city drainage
system.
Hospital min area for hospital is hospital is
hospital 375 to provided provided
450 sqm
BIBILOGRAPHY
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharavi

http://sra.gov.in/page/innerpage/growth-history.php

https://www.slideshare.net/ziddycool/dharavi-slums-and-housing

https://issuu.com/wisdomseeker/docs/thesis_2010_dharavi_jwarrenborg