The document discusses the Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (USART) communication protocol. It describes the USART packet format which includes a start bit, 8 data bits, an optional parity bit, and a stop bit. It discusses asynchronous and synchronous transmission modes and typical baud rates. It also outlines the USART registers used to control data transmission and reception, set baud rates, interrupt handling, and more. The PD0 and PD1 pins on the Arduino board are used for the receiver and transmitter, respectively.
The document discusses the Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (USART) communication protocol. It describes the USART packet format which includes a start bit, 8 data bits, an optional parity bit, and a stop bit. It discusses asynchronous and synchronous transmission modes and typical baud rates. It also outlines the USART registers used to control data transmission and reception, set baud rates, interrupt handling, and more. The PD0 and PD1 pins on the Arduino board are used for the receiver and transmitter, respectively.
The document discusses the Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (USART) communication protocol. It describes the USART packet format which includes a start bit, 8 data bits, an optional parity bit, and a stop bit. It discusses asynchronous and synchronous transmission modes and typical baud rates. It also outlines the USART registers used to control data transmission and reception, set baud rates, interrupt handling, and more. The PD0 and PD1 pins on the Arduino board are used for the receiver and transmitter, respectively.
Stop Bit: 0 or 1 or 2 Parity Bit : Optional (Even or Odd) BAUD RATE : The number of Symbols transmitted per second Typical Values are 1200, 2400, 9600, 19200 etc..
Mode Of Transmission :
Asynchronous - Transfers a single byte at a time.
Synchronous- Transfers a block of data (characters) at a
time. RxD TxD
In Robomart Arduino Board
PD0 is Receiver (RxD) Pin 2 PD1 is Transmitter (TxD) Pin 3
USART Needs To Be Enabled By The User Through Software..
Serial Port It is a set of 9 PINS used for serial data communication between two µCs or between µC and a Computer… THIS IS SERIAL PORT RS-232 The RS-232 standard defines the voltage levels that correspond to logical one and logical zero levels in serial communication..
Valid signals are plus or minus 3 to 15 volts. The range
near zero volts is not a valid RS-232 level..
Logic one is defined as a negative voltage and logic zero is
positive.. Voltage Levels in Our Microcontroller are Logic High= 5Volt Logic Low= 0 Volt How Can a microcontroller communicate by using RS-232 Standard ??
Solution is MAX 232 IC
MAX 232 Connection USART I/O DATA REGISTER
This Register stores the data to be transmitted or data
being Received…
UDRE bit in UCSRA Register should be set and transmitter
to be enabled for Data Transmission… UCSRA-USART Control and Status Register A
RXC bit is set when data is available in the receive
buffer and cleared when the receive buffer is empty..
TXC bit is set when data transmission is complete…
UDRE bit is set when transmit buffer (UDR) is ready
to receive new data… UCSRB-USART Control and Status Register B
RXCIE: Receive Complete interrupt will be generated if RXCIE bit is set.
TXCIE: Transmit Complete interrupt will be generated if TXCIE bit is set. UDRIE: Data Register Empty interrupt will be generated if UDRIE bit is set. RXEN: To enable the USART receiver .. TXEN: To enable the USART transmitter.. UCsZ2: To set the character size in combination with bit UCZ1 and UCZ0.. UCSRC-USART Control and Status Register C
URSEL: This bit must be one to write the UCSRC...
UMSEL: To select between Asynchronous and Synchronous mode.. UPM1 & UPM0: To Select Parity Bit.. USBS : To Select Stop Bit.. UCZ1 & UCZ0: To Select Character Size.. UCPOL: To Select Clock Polarity.. UBRRL &UBRRH-USART Baud Rate Register
This Register Stores The Value of Baud rate .
To write in the UBRRH , URSEL bit must be zero. THANK YOU