Research skills 1

Assignment 5
Quoting, paraphrasing and summarizing (2)
This assignment is a continuation of assignment 4. In this assignment, you will show that you
are able to apply the principles of quoting, paraphrasing and summarizing to the sources for
your paper. The goal is to select information from your sources and process the information to
prepare it for use in your own paper.
Per duo, you should select six articles from your collected sources, meaning: each student
should process information from three articles. You are free to choose any article you want
from your collected sources. The only requirement is that you should use six different articles
than the articles in assignment 4.

Student 1
Fill in your name here
Sebastian Rijkeboer, all articles are on 1 page

Step 1: An article of your choice (1)

A: The original
Insert (copy-paste) the original text here. You can either insert the entire article (if it is
short) or you can select and copy-paste the paragraphs of the article that you are going to
use here.

Hugo Chow is a current MSc Human Rights student at LSE. He completed his undergraduate study
at Chinese University of Hong Kong, with a major in Government & Public Administration and a
minor in German. He is currently working as a part-time Research Intern for the Business and
Human Rights Resource Centre.

Since the arrival of American service officers during the Vietnam War, sex tourism has prospered in
Thailand. Today, Thailand has become one of the most popular destinations for people, mostly men,
seeking sexual services. It is also a site of sexual exploitation of children. In 2007 the Thai
Government, university researchers, and NGOs estimated that there were as many as 60,000
prostitutes in the country under the age of 18. This was a rough approximation and no further figure
was released after 2007. These significant numbers remain to be considered an underestimation due
to the hidden nature of the crime.
The Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and
Children, which supplements the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized
Crime adopted by the General Assembly in 2004, defines “trafficking in persons” as:
The recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or
use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or
of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the
consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation.

One form of exploitation made possible by trafficking in persons is sexual exploitation. As

noted above, there are currently no definitive figures on the number of children trafficked in
Thailand both internationally and internally, however evidence suggests that human trafficking is a
large source of child and adult prostitutes in the country.
In a 2007 interview with the BBC, a human trafficker in Thailand, who herself was trafficked as a
child, described how she would “collect” and traffick underage boys domestically. She stated that
she targeted boys between the ages of 11 to 13 and locked them up in the bar where she worked. If
no desirable targets around Bangkok were found she would hire a van and drive to remote villages
to “collect” boys. “He has got a much better life with me than he ever had at home or on the street,”
she said, as she told the interviewer about the story of a Cambodian boy she trafficked to Bangkok.
Disturbing as it may be, her rationale is not uncommon. Poverty is an enormous issue in Thailand,
as it is in other South-East Asian countries, and can drive children to enter the sex industry.
As Patricia D. Levan has observed, young girls in rural villages are forced to seek opportunities in
major cities like Bangkok and Chiang Mai as there are simply no prospects in their localities. These
girls, poorly educated and unskilled, often end up taking lower-paid jobs which prove to be
insufficient for supporting both themselves and their families. Prostitution then becomes the most
viable option to earn an income. As revealed in a 2014 National Geographic documentary, these
girls are often financially controlled, forced to live in filthy conditions and, in many instances,
brutalised by their pimps.
Thailand has in place a comprehensive anti-trafficking law, which came into effect in 2008. The
lack of capacity within the Thai Government and its police to enforce this law, however, is believed
to one of the main obstacles in ending child prostitution in Thailand. For instance, the 2011 US
Department of State Trafficking in Persons report for Thailand highlighted local police corruption,
including direct involvement in the facilitation of human trafficking, as a key issue hindering the
anti-trafficking effort. The report also critiqued the lack of a comprehensive monitoring system, the
absence of a human rights-based approach to labour abuse cases and “systematic disincentives for
trafficking victims”. These structural deficits protect human traffickers from accountability and
provide cover for transnational crimes.
Another equally important issue to address in discussing trafficking in Thailand is the problem of
normalised demand. Travel agents in Asia, Europe, and the United States have been shown to
openly promote sex tour packages to Thailand, usually to groups of men, with slogans ranging from
suggestive to exploitative. This in turn provides custom to Thailand’s “billion dollar” sex industry,
which as I have noted is directly dependent on tens of thousands of trafficked women and children.
As with other South-East Asian countries, problems of child prostitution and sex trafficking in
Thailand are highly intertwined. While regulating travel agencies and enforcing laws against the
trafficking of children should be prioritised, the Thai Government must also address and
acknowledge endemic poverty, which is arguably the fundamental issue that fuels the rampant
trafficking of children. With the country’s political saga having halted, now may be the best chance
for the Government to focus on this burning issue, and take urgent action to protect the most
vulnerable people within its borders.

B: Paraphrase and/or summary

Summarize the article and/or paraphrase the paragraph(s). Include an introductory
sentence at the beginning of your summary/paraphrase, and end your paraphrase with an
in-text reference in APA-style. Generate a Bibliography (in APA-style) at the end of this
assignment.

A few examples:
 According to professor Stone from the University of Singapore, … [insert
paraphrase here] (Stone 2015, p. 215).
 Research from the University of Alabama has shown that … [insert
paraphrase or summary here] (Lee 2016, p. 13).
  The relevance of a strong yen was stressed by economist John Wang, who
claims that … [insert paraphrase or summary here] (Wang 2011, 24).
 Economists see three possible developments for the future of Abenomics.
First of all, …[insert paraphrase here]. Secondly, [insert paraphrase here].
The third option is … [insert paraphrase here] (Schoenmakers 2016, p. 2).

In an interview by Richard poulin the interviewee tells the story of how she trafficked
young boys to Bangkok and although this may be disturbing, her reasoning and way of
thinking is not uncommon. She then goes on by stating that poverty is a major issue in
South-East Asia further specifying it as one of the main drivers for children to enter the sex
industry. (Poulin, 2004)

The article further identifies the reasoning behind children entering the sex industry by
stating that, poor girls from rural areas are no prospects as they often have no education and
are unskilled. This forces the girls into the sex industry as the lower paid jobs would be
insufficient to provide for their family. (Poulin, 2004)

According to the article, Studies done by the national geographic documentary show that
prostitution is the most viable option to earn income, however often in actuality the
conditions in which they surround themselves prove the opposite.
(Poulin, 2004)

C: Quote
Select (a) quotable piece(s) of text from your source (one or a few sentences). Insert the
quote(s) here, introduced by an introductory sentence and followed by a reference.

For example: Dr. Fagel stressed that a quote should never be used without a proper
introduction: “A quote does not fall from the sky.” (Fagel 2017, 1).

Richar poulin stresses the severity of the issue by stating: ‘’there were as many as 60,000 prostitutes
in the country under the age of 18’’ (Poulin, 2004)

In reaction to Richard poulins question the interviewee states that: ‘’she targeted boys between the
ages of 11 to 13 and locked them up in the bar where she worked’’ (Poulin, 2004)
 Step 2: An article of your own choice (2)
A: The original
Insert (copy-paste) the original text here. You can either insert the entire article (if it is
short) or you can select and copy-paste the paragraphs of the article that you are going to
use here.

Child Prostitution in Thailand

0
BY STAFF REPORTS ON MARCH 8, 2014WORLD NEWS
BANGKOK, Thailand — Thailand has long been notoriously infamous as a destination for
carnal gratification. Many tourists from all around the world visit not only for its beaches,
but also for something more sinister than the tropical country has to offer. It is not only tourists
who do so, however. Many locals take advantage of the legal loopholes to engage in hiring
child sex workers as well.

Those who are involved in this illicit business are not limited to adults of the legal age of consent, which,
according to the Thai law, is 16 years old. In addition, other legislations taken into consideration, the
legal age to engage in sexual intercourse of the nature of prostitution makes 18 years old the actual legal
age of the solicitor. However, the legal prohibition is merely ostensive and punishment against what is
essentially a commercialised statutory rape is rarely meted out. Under the ever leniently enforced, often
malleable and varyingly inconstant law, child prostitution is allowed to thrive.

It is estimated that perhaps as many as 800,000 children under the legal age of consent for sexual
intercourse (16 years old) are victims of enslavement for the purpose of coerced prostitution. Often
procured to much older men against their will, these victims of pedophilia often consist of young girls
trafficked from the uplands of Thailand as well as from neighboring and countries. Forced to work in the
touristic cities of the coasts, the most infamous among them being Pattaya, a large number of them have
been lured by the promise of other occupations involving tasks of non-venereal descriptions.

The gargantuan pedophiliac sex industry also includes many boys between the age of 10 years old to 13
years old. They, like their female counterparts, are forced to engage in coital relations with mainly
Western men. UNICEF puts the number of children affected by HIV/AIDS, both having been born with
and contracted, in Thailand at 300,000–a frightening data.

Not only are children who are forced into prostitution exposed to diseases and violence of
unspeakable luridness, they are also deprived of their opportunity to be children and to go to school. The
result of this lack of opportunity and qualification is a vicious cycle from which victims of child
prostitution find difficult to disentangle themselves. Some become procurers and some continue working
in the industry.

One discernible reason for the persistence of child prostitution, at least among those victims who have
been obtained domestically, might be the value of filial duty embedded within the culture. This may
have made some rural parents to, by indiscretion, believe children should be able to “put bread on the
table.” Thus, the parents’ approval to have their children leaving home to work allows traffickers to take
advantage and lure these unwitting children with to the cities. Once there, they are not given the works
they were promised with.
Lastly, without rendering these victims as mere objects, it is the demand that calls for the supply. It is the
responsibility, first and foremost of the country’s own government, and secondly, though not any less
crucial, the international community’s task to eradicate both the demanders and the suppliers. Upon
visiting any city known for its nocturnal entertainment, one cannot help but notice the conspicuousness
in which such establishments operate. Thus, might the local authorities then be complicit?

Children, regardless of whether or not they were born into penury or luxury, are inalienably entitled to
basic rights. Free public education is provided; it is theirs to make use of it. Finally, the cultural factors
promote filial responsibility does not imply that these unknowing parents have consented to their
children’s being prostituted. Prostitution, pedophilia and tourism in Thailand have, over the past few
decades, become words that evoke one another and more serious measures must be taken both by the
Thai government itself and the international community.

– Peewara Sapsuwan

B: Paraphrase and/or summary

Summarize the article and/or paraphrase the paragraph(s). Include an introductory
sentence at the beginning of your summary/paraphrase, and end your paraphrase with an
in-text reference in APA-style. Generate a Bibliography (in APA-style) at the end of this
assignment.

A few examples:
 According to professor Stone from the University of Singapore, … [insert
paraphrase here] (Stone 2015, p. 215).
 Research from the University of Alabama has shown that … [insert
paraphrase or summary here] (Lee 2016, p. 13).
 The relevance of a strong yen was stressed by economist John Wang, who
claims that … [insert paraphrase or summary here] (Wang 2011, 24).
 Economists see three possible developments for the future of Abenomics.
First of all, …[insert paraphrase here]. Secondly, [insert paraphrase here].
The third option is … [insert paraphrase here] (Schoenmakers 2016, p. 2).
According to the article, those involved in the sex industry are not limited to adults, where
in legislation the legal age of consent in Thailand is 16 the legal age for prostitution is 18
creating friction between the laws. (Sapsuwan, 2014)

Peewara then goes on to state: that the legal prohibition ostensive and sentencing on what is
basically commercialized statutory rape is rarely carried out, under the leniently enforced
law child prostitution is allowed to thrive. (Sapsuwan, 2014)
C: Quote
Select (a) quotable piece(s) of text from your source (one or a few sentences). Insert the
quote(s) here, introduced by an introductory sentence and followed by a reference.

For example: Dr. Fagel stressed that a quote should never be used without a proper
introduction: “A quote does not fall from the sky.” (Fagel 2017, 1).

The author implies that child prostitution Is allowed to grow by stating the following: ’’Under the
ever leniently enforced, often malleable and varyingly inconstant law, child prostitution is allowed to
thrive.’’ (Sapsuwan, 2014)

Peewara states that : ‘’UNICEF puts the number of children affected by HIV/AIDS, both having been
born with and contracted, in Thailand at 300,000–a frightening data.’’ (Sapsuwan, 2014)

Peewara further affirms her stance in the matter by stating: ’’Not only are children who are
forced into prostitution exposed to diseases and violence of unspeakable luridness, they are also deprived
of their opportunity to be children and to go to school.’’ (Sapsuwan, 2014)

Step 3: An article of your own choice (3)

A: The original
Insert (copy-paste) the original text here. You can either insert the entire article (if it is
short) or you can select and copy-paste the paragraphs of the article that you are going to
use here.

The Pattaya Pedophile Problem

Pattaya has been dubbed one of the largest sex tourism destinations in the
world, and for good reason. Thousands of prostitutes ply their trade on the
coastal town, and the 24/7 hedonistic lifestyle attracts men from all over the
world.

But Pattaya has an even darker side, and authorities all over the world are
becoming increasingly concerned with the volume of sex offenders living and
operating in Pattaya.

A recent report by the Human Help Network Foundation Thailand (HHN) has
reiterated the cause for concern by highlighting the vulnerability of street
children:

Child prostitution in Pattaya will flourish as long as the number of homeless

children – both Thai and foreign – remains high and they continue to be
exploited by sex tourists and parents who sell their children into the trade.

Rather than working via go-go bars as previously, children coaxed into the
sex trade now roam the streets at night or shopping malls in the day and
approach prospective clients themselves, Kanjanas said. In some cases
poor parents introduce their children to clients.

There are around 25,000 street children, both Thai and migrant, known to
the HHN in Thailand, with up to 2,000 of them based in Pattaya. There is
also a large but unspecified number of children under parental care but
suffering poverty, and thus at risk of being lured into child prostitution.

To someone living outside of Pattaya this might appear to suggest that child
sex is being sold openly on the streets, which is certainly not the case, Most
children on the street are with their parents selling chewing gum, shining
shoes or helping in the family business of street selling trinkets to tourists.
Not selling sex… at least not out on the street.

But the fact is the number of homeless children is on the rise, as is the
number of sexual offences against children by western males.

Many Pattaya expats argue that the statistics are exaggerated, and that this
is a typical western media exaggeration, targeted at further tainting the
reputation of Thailand’s sin city.

But with over 400 children residing at the Pattaya orphanage, many of whom
have been victims of child abuse while living on the streets of Pattaya, it
seems the crime is more prevalent than ever.

To dig a little deeper I decided to do some research on western men

arrested on child sex charges in Pattaya in the last 5 years. I predicted this
would be an hour’s work or so, but three hours later, I was still unearthing
new cases. The results speak for themselves.

B: Paraphrase and/or summary

Summarize the article and/or paraphrase the paragraph(s). Include an introductory
sentence at the beginning of your summary/paraphrase, and end your paraphrase with an
in-text reference in APA-style. Generate a Bibliography (in APA-style) at the end of this
assignment.

A few examples:
 According to professor Stone from the University of Singapore, … [insert
paraphrase here] (Stone 2015, p. 215).
 Research from the University of Alabama has shown that … [insert
paraphrase or summary here] (Lee 2016, p. 13).
 The relevance of a strong yen was stressed by economist John Wang, who
claims that … [insert paraphrase or summary here] (Wang 2011, 24).
 Economists see three possible developments for the future. First of all,
…[insert paraphrase here]. Secondly, [insert paraphrase here]. The third
option is … [insert paraphrase here] (Schoenmakers 2016, p. 2).
The article makes it clear that the Pattaya sex industry has changed by stating that rather
than working in gogobars, children are now forced to roam the street at nights in order to
approach potential clients themselves. (The Pattaya Pedophile Problem, 2016)

The article states that as long as there are homeless children and westerners willing to pay
for their services, the child sex industry will flourish. (The Pattaya Pedophile Problem,
2016)

C: Quote
Select (a) quotable piece(s) of text from your source (one or a few sentences). Insert the
quote(s) here, introduced by an introductory sentence and followed by a reference.

For example: Dr. Fagel stressed that a quote should never be used without a proper
introduction: “A quote does not fall from the sky.” (Fagel 2017, 1).
The author states: ‘’with over 400 children residing at the Pattaya
orphanage, many of whom have been victims of child abuse while living on
the streets of Pattaya, it seems the crime is more prevalent than ever.’’ (The
Pattaya Pedophile Problem, 2016)
 Step 4: Bibliography
Insert your references (In APA-style) on the final page of this document (Generate a
Bibliography in Word). If you are unsure about the APA requirements, have a look at the
APA instruction videos in the APA-style folder on N@tschool. These videos were part of the
course material for the Block 1 ICT course.

Bibliography
Poulin, R. (2004, February 20). Globalization and the Sex Trade:Trafficking and the
Commodification of Women and Children. VRR&S, p. 1.
Sapsuwan, P. (2014, March 8). Child Prostitution in Thailand. Borgen magazine, p. 1.
The Pattaya Pedophile Problem. (2016). The Thailand life .