mstpyh fUizAk; ,izapyh fpUigAKila vy;yhk; ty;y my;yh`;tpd; NguUshy;.

,];yhj;ijg; gw;wp mbf;fb Nfl;fg;gLk; Nfs;tpfs;

-: Mq;fpyj;jpy; :-
lhf;lh; [hfph; ehaf;.
(epWtdh;> ,];yhkpa Ma;T ikak;> Kk;ig.)

-: jkpohf;fk; :-
mg+-,]huh
: Kd;Diu :
'(egpNa!) ck; ,iwtdpd; ghijapy; (kf;fis) tpNtfj;JlDk;> mofpa
cgNjrj;ijf; nfhz;Lk; ePh; miog;gPuhf! mth;fsplj;jpy; kpf mofpa Kiwapy;
ePh; jh;f;fpg;gPuhf! nka;ahf ck; ,iwtd; mtd; topiatpl;Lj;
jtwpath;fisAk;> (mtd; topiar; rhh;e;J) Neh;top ngw;wth;fisAk; ed;F
mwpthd;." (mj;jpahak; 16 ]_uj;Jy; e`;y; - 125tJ trdk;) vd my;yh`; mUs;kiw
Fh;MdpNy $Wfpd;whd;.

kf;fis ,iwtdpd; ghijapy; tpNtfj;JlDk;> mofpa cgNjrj;ijf; nfhz;Lk; miog;G

tpLf;Fk; miog;ghsh;fspd; gl;baypy; Kjyplk; tfpg;gth; lhf;lh; [hfph; ehaf; mth;fs;
vd;why; kpifahfhJ. mth; xU kUj;Jt gl;lk; ngw;w kUj;Jtuhf ,Ue;jhYk;> jdJ
tho;f;ifia ,];yhj;jpw;fhfNt mh;g;gzpj;Jtpl;l xU rpwe;j ,];yhkpa miog;ghsh;.
,e;jpahtpd; k`huh\;buh khepyk; Kk;ig efiuj; jiyikafkhff; nfhz;L nray;gLk;
,];yhkpa Ma;T ikaj;jpd; epWtduhd ,th;> cyfpy; cs;s khw;W kjj;jth;fSf;F
Mq;fpy nkhopapy; ,];yhj;ij vLj;Jr; nrhy;tjpy; gpugykhdth;. fle;j ,uz;L
Afq;fshf ,];yhj;ij vLj;Jr; nrhy;yntd;W cyfpy; mth; nry;yhj ehLfNs ,y;iy
vd;W nrhy;yyhk;. ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wp mthplk; Nfl;Fk; Nfs;tpfSf;F ,iwtdpd;
mUl;nfhilahd mtuJ Ngr;rhw;wyhy; - ,];yhkpa khh;f;f hPjpahfTk; - mwptpay; hPjpahfTk;
- jh;f;f hPjpahfTk; mth; mspf;Fk; gjpy;fs; - ,d;W cyfk; KOtJk; ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wp
mwpe;J nfhs;sr; nra;jpUf;fpwJ. cyf mstpy; vtnuy;yhk; ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wp jtwhd
fUj;Jf;fis nfhz;bUe;jhh;fNsh - mth;fSld; mofpa Kiwapy; tpthjq;fs; elj;jp me;j
tpthjq;fspd; %yk; mth;fs; nfhz;bUe;j jtwhd fUj;Jf;fis fise;jJld;>
,iwaUshy; mjpy; ntw;wpAk; ngw;wpUf;fpwhh; vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

fle;j ,uz;L Afq;fshf lhf;lh; [hfph; ehaf; mth;fsplk; khw;W kjj;jth;fs; Nfl;l
Nfs;tpfisAk;> mjw;F mth; mspj;j gjpy;fisAk; “',];yhj;ijg; gw;wp mbf;fb
Nfl;fg;gLk; Nfs;tpfs;" (Frequently Asked Questions) vd;w jiyg;gpy; ,];yhkpa Ma;T
epWtdj;jpd; (Islamic Research Foundation - I R F) tiykidapy; Mq;fpy nkhopapy;
njhFj;jspj;Js;shh;fs;. jd;dplk; Nfl;fg;gl;l Nfs;tpfSf;F ,];yhkpa khh;f;f hPjpahfTk;
- mwptpay; hPjpahfTk; - jh;f;f hPjpahfTk; lhf;lh; [hfph; ehaf; mspj;Js;s gjpy;fs;
midj;J jug;gpdiuAk; ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wp njsptilar; nra;Ak; vd;gjpy; Mr;rhpakpy;iy.
,iw ehl;lj;jpy; Nkw;gb Nfs;tpfisAk; - gjpy;fisAk; jkpo; mwpe;j midtUk; - gbj;J -
,];yhj;ijg; gw;wp njspT ngw Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nehf;fj;jpy; Nkw;gb Nfs;tp - gjpy;fspd;
Mq;fpy njhFg;gpid jkpohf;fk; nra;Js;Nsd;. gbj;J - rpe;jpj;J - gad;ngw
Ntz;LfpNwd;.

1
 lhf;lh; [h`ph; ehaf; mth;fspd; Kd;Diu:
,];yhj;ij khw;Wkjj;jtUf;F vLj;Jr; nrhy;Yk;NghJ> mjd; rhjfkhd nfhs;iffis
rpwg;gpj;J nrhy;Ytjhy; khj;jpuk; khw;W kjj;jth;fspy; gyh; cz;ikahd ,];yhj;ij
Vw;Wf; nfhs;s khl;lhh;fs;. Vnddpy; ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wp mth;fsJ cs;sj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;
rpy Nfs;tpfs; ek;khy; ,d;Dk; gjpyspf;fg;glhkNyNa ,Uf;fpd;wJ. khw;W kjj;jth;fs;
ek;Kila thjq;fis Vw;Wf; nfhs;s Kw;gLk; mNj Ntisapy;> ''X..! xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l
ngz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;Sk; K];ypk;fs;jhNd ePq;fs;"" ''ngz;fis gh;jhTf;Fs;
milj;J itj;J - ngz;zbikj;jdj;ij Mjhpg;gth;fs;jhNd ePq;fs;"" “''mbg;gilthjf;
nfhs;iffis cilath;fs;jhNd ePq;fs;"" vd;W ek;ikf; Nfl;ff; $Lk;.

ehd; khw;Wkj;jth;fisr; re;jpf;Fk; NghJ ,];yhj;jpy; mth;fs; jtwhff; fUJtJ vd;d

vd;W Nfl;Ngd;. kpff; Fiwe;j mstpy; mth;fs; ,];yhj;ij gw;wp mwpe;J itj;jpUf;Fk;
nra;jpfisf; nfhz;L - mJ rhpNah - jtNwh - Nkw;gb nra;jp ve;j topapy; my;yJ ve;j
tpjj;jpy; ngwg;gl;bUe;jhYk; - ,];yhkpa khh;f;fj;jpy; mth;fs; jtwhff; fUJtJ vd;d
vd;W Nfl;Ngd;. mt;thW ehd; Nfl;gJ> mth;fis ntspg;gilahf Ngrj; J}z;Lk;.
mt;thW mth;fs; ntspg;gilahf NgRk; rpyNtisfspy; mth;fs; ,];yhj;ij
tpkhprpj;jhYk;> kNdhjplj;Jld; mjid ehd; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;Ntd;.

,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; gw;wp khw;W kjj;jtUf;F ,Uf;Fk; nkhj;jr; re;Njfq;fisAk; ,UgJ

Nfs;tpfspy; mlf;fptplyhk; vd;gJ fle;j rpy tUlq;fshf ,];yhkpa khh;f;fj;ij
vLj;Jr; nrhy;Yk; gzpapy; ehd; mDgthPjpahf czh;e;j cz;ik. '',];yhkpa
khh;f;fj;jpy; ePq;fs; fhZk; jtW vd;d?"" vd;W khw;W kjj;jtiu ePq;fs; vg;NghJ
Nfl;lhYk; mth;fs; Ie;J my;yJ MW Nfs;tpfis cq;fsplk; vLj;J itg;ghh;fs;.
mth;fs; vLj;J itj;j me;j Ie;J my;yJ MW Nfs;tpfSk;> nghJthf cs;s ,e;j
,UgJ Nfs;tpfSf;Fs; mlq;fp tpLk;.

ePq;fs; mspf;Fk; jh;f;f hPjpahd gjpy;fs;> ngUk;ghd;ikNahh; cz;ikia Vw;Wf; nfhs;sr;

nra;a toptFf;Fk;.

,e;j nghJthd ,UgJ Nfs;tpfSf;Fk; - mjw;fhd fhuz fhhpaq;fSlDk;> jh;f;f

hPjpahfTk; gjpyspg;gJ rpwe;j topKiwahFk;. ,];yhkpah;fs; ehd; ,j;Jld; mspj;jpUf;Fk;
gjpy;fis epidtpy; itj;Jf;nfhz;lhy; - my;yJ kdg;ghlk; nra;J nfhz;lhy;> khw;W
kjj;jtUf;F gjpyspg;gjpy; ,iwehl;lj;jpy; epr;rakhf ehk; ntw;wpngwyhk;. ehk;
mth;fSf;F mspf;Fk; gjpypy; mth;fs; ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wpa KO cz;ikfisj; njhpe;J
nfhz;L jpUg;jpailahky; ,Uf;fyhk;. Mdhy; ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wp mth;fs; nfhz;bUf;Fk;
jtwhd vz;zq;fs;> mth;fspd; cs;sq;fspypUe;J mfw;wg;gLk; vd;gJ jpz;zk;. xU rpy
khw;W kjj;jth;fs; Ntz;Lnkdpy; cq;fsJ thjj;jpw;F vjph;thjk; Ghpa Kd;tuyhk;.
mth;fSf;F khj;jpuk; ,];yhj;ij vLj;Jiuf;f ekf;F NkYk; rpy tpguq;fs; Njitg;gLk;.

khw;W kjj;jth;fshy; ,];yhkpah;fsplk; Nfl;fg;gLk; nghJthd Nfs;tpfs; vd;d vd;gij

njhpe;J nfhs;Nthk;.

1. ,];yhj;jpy; Mz;fs; kl;Lk; gyjhu kzk; nra;J nfhs;s mDkjpf;fg;gl;bUg;gJ Vd;?

2. ,];yhj;jpy; Mz;fs; gyjhu kzk; nra;J nfhs;tJ Nghy;> ngz;fs; gyjhu kzk;
nra;J nfhs;s mDkjpf;fg;glhjJ Vd;?

3. ,];yhkpa ngz;fs; gh;jh mzpa Ntz;Lk; vd fl;lhag;gLj;jp mth;fis ,opT

gLj;JtJ Vd;?

2
4. ,];yhk; thshy; gug;gl;l khh;f;fkhf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ> mJ mikjpahd khh;f;fk; vd;W
miof;fg;gLtJ vg;gb nghUe;Jk;?

5. K];ypk;fspy; gyh; mbg;gilthjpfshfTk; - gaq;futhjpfshfTk; ,Ug;gJ Vd;?

6. fhy;eilfis nfhy;tJ ,uf;fkw;w nray;. Mdhy; K];ypk;fs; fhy;eilfis

nfhd;W mjd; khkprj;ij cz;fpwhh;fNs. Vd;?

7. ,];yhkpah;fs; fhy;eilfis - ,uf;fkw;w Kiwapy; tij nra;J - Ntjidahd

Kiwapy; nfhy;fpwhh;fNs? ,J rhpah?

8. kdpjd; vd;d cz;fpwhNdh - mjd; jhf;fk; mtdJ eltbf;iffspy; njd;gLk; vd;gJ

mwptpay; $w;W. mg;gb ,Uf;Fk;NghJ - ,];yhk; Gyhy; czT cz;z mDkjpaspg;gJ
vg;gb? Vnddpy; - Gyhy; czT cz;ZtJ kdpjid td;KiwahsdhfTk; -
%h;f;fkhdtdhfTk; khw;WNk?

9. ,];yhk; rpiy tzf;fj;ij jil nra;jpUf;Fk;NghJ - ,];yhkpah;fs; f/ghit

topgLtJk; - f/ghTf;F jiytzq;FtJk; vt;thW Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gLk;?

10. khw;W kjj;jth;fs; kf;fhtpw;Fk; - kjpdhtpw;Fk; nry;y mDkjpf;fg;gLtJ ,y;iyNa.

Vd;?

11. gd;wp ,iwr;rp cz;gJ ,];yhj;jpy; jil nra;ag;gl;bUg;gJ Vd;?

12. kJ mUe;j ,];yhj;jpy; jil ,Ug;gJ Vd;?

13. ,];yhkpah;fs; midtUk; xNu Fh;Mid Vw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; mNj Ntisapy;>

mth;fspilNa gy gphpTfisAk; - gy tpj;jpahrkhd nfhs;iffisAk; nfhz;bUg;gJ
Vd;?

14. ,];yhk; kpfr; rpwe;j khh;f;fkhf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ - K];ypk;fspy; gyh; ek;gpf;if -

ehzakw;wth;fshfTk; - Vkhw;Wgth;fshfTk; - yQ;rk; thq;Fgth;fshfTk; -
Nghijg;nghUs;fspd; njhlh;Gilath;fshfTk; ,Ug;gJ Vd;?

15. “'fh/gPh;" vd;W mioj;J khw;W kjj;jth;fis> K];ypk;fs; mtkjpg;gJ Vd;?

16. ngz;fs; vdpy; ,uz;L rhl;rpfs; Ntz;Lk; - mNj rkak; Mz;fs; vdpy; xU rhl;rp
khj;jpuk; NghJk; vd rhl;rp nrhy;tjpy; $l ,];yhj;jpy; ngz;fSf;F rk chpik
,y;yhj epiy cs;sNj. Vd;?

17. MZf;F xU ghfk; vdpy; ngz;Zf;F ghjp ghfk;jhd; vd;w ghugl;rkhd epiy
,];yhkpa nrhj;Jhpikr; rl;lj;jpy; cs;sNj. ,J Vd;?

18. kdpjd; ,we;j gpwF - kWik tho;f;if - vd;w xd;iw gw;wp vg;gb ep&gpg;gPh;fs;?.

19. cyfpy; cs;s vy;yh kjq;fSk; - ey;yijNa nra;a Ntz;Lk; - ey;yijNa gpd;gw;w
Ntz;Lk; vd;W nrhy;Yk; NghJ - xU kdpjd; ,];yhkpa khh;f;fj;ij khj;jpuk; Vd;
gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk;? kw;w kjq;fspy; vijNaDk; xd;iw gpd;gw;w KbANk!.

20. Fh;Md; ,iw Ntjk;jhdh?

3
,];yhj;ijg; gw;wp rpwpjsT mwpe;Jnfhz;l khw;W kjj;jth;fshy; Nfl;fg;gLk; Nfs;tpfs;:

1. Fh;Md; K`k;kJ (]y;) mth;fshy; vOjg;gl;lJ. mJ ,iw Ntjky;y vd;gJ jhNd

cz;ik?

2. Fh;Mdpd; gy gpujpfs; c];khd; (uyp) mth;fs; fhyj;jpy; c];khd; (uyp) mth;fshy;

vhpf;fg;gl;lJ. Fh;Md; ,iwtdhy; mUsg;gl;ljy;y. khwhf c];khd; (uyp) mth;fshy;
njhFg;gl;l gpujpjhNd jw;NghJs;s Fh;Md;?

3. fh/gPh;fis fz;l ,lj;jpy; ntl;Lq;fs;. mth;fis nfhiy nra;Aq;fs; vd;W

nrhd;djpd; %yk; - ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; td;KiwiaAk; - ,uj;jk; rpe;JtijAk; -
%h;f;fj;jdj;ijAk; J}z;Ltjhf ,y;iyah?

4. Fh;Mdpy; ,iwtd; nrhy;tjhf tUk; ,lq;fspy; vy;yhk; “'ehk;" my;yJ 'ehq;fs;"

vd;w gd;ikahd nrhy;iy gad;gLj;Jtjhy; - ,];yhk; gy nja;t nfhs;if
cilajhf Njhd;WfpNj. ,J rhpah?

5. “',iwtNd kdpjidg; gilj;jhd;" vd;fpw Fh;Mdpd; $w;W “'kdpjd; Fuq;fpypUe;J

Njhd;wpdhd;" vd;fpw “'lhh;tpd; tpjpf;F" Kuz;ghlhf mike;Js;sJ ,y;iyah?

6. ',];yhkpah;fs; “tpl;nlhopf;Fk; tpjp" apy; ek;gpf;ifAs;sth;fs;. (Fh;Mdpy; Kjypy;

mUsg;gl;l trdq;fis tpl;L tpl;L> mjw;F gpd;G mUsg;gl;l trdq;fspy; ek;gpf;if
nfhs;tJ). ,t;thW nra;tJ> ,iwtd; jtwhf xU trdj;ij ,wf;fptpl;L> gpd;dh;
NtWxU trdj;jpd; %yk; nra;j jtwpid jpUj;jpf;nfhs;tJ Nghy; njhpatpy;iyah?

7. Fh;Mdpd; rpy mj;jpahaq;fs; myp/g; - yhk; - kPk; - vdTk; - `hkPk; vdTk; - ah]Pd;
vdTk; Jtq;FfpwNj. ,e;j gjq;fspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; vd;d?

8. 'G+kpia cq;fSf;F xU tphpg;ghf Mf;fpj; je;jpUf;fpNwd;" vd;fpwJ Fh;Mdpd; trdk;.

,e;j trdk; g+kp jl;ilahdJ vd;gjw;F rhd;whf ,Uf;fpwJ. Nkw;gb Fh;Mdpd;
trdk; 'g+kp cUz;ilahdJ" vd;W ep&gpf;fg;gl;l etPd mwptpay; cz;ikf;F Kuzhf
mike;Js;sJ ,y;iyah?

9. my;yh`; khj;jpuNk jhapd; fUtiwapy; cs;s Foe;ijapd; ,dj;ij (Mz; my;yJ

ngz;) vd;W mwpfpwhd; vd;fpwJ Fh;Md;. Mdhy; jw;Nghija mwptpay; tsh;r;rpapd;
fhuzkhf ehk; “'my;l;uhN]hdpf;" vd;Dk; fUtpapd; %yk; jhapd; fUtiwapy; cs;s
Foe;ijapd; ,dj;ij (Mz; my;yJ ngz;) vd;W kpf vspjhf mwpe;J nfhs;s KbAk;.
,jdhy; Fh;Md; kUj;Jt mwptpaNyhL Kuz;gLfpwJ ,y;iyah?

10. Fh;Mdpd; $w;Wg;gb xU Mz; nrhh;f;fj;jpy; “'`_Uy;<d;" vd;Dk; ngz;izj;

Jizahfg; ngUthd;. mg;gbnadpy; nrhh;f;fj;jpy; xU ngz;Zf;F Jizahf vd;d
fpilf;Fk;?

11. ,iwtd; fh/gph;fspd; (epuhfhpg;gth;fspd;) ,jaq;fis Kj;jpiu itj;Jtpl;Nld;

vd;fpwhd;. mg;gbnadpy; epuhfhpg;gth;fs; - (,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;shky;
,Ug;gjw;F) vg;gb Fw;wthspfs; Mthh;fs;?

12. ek;Kila nray;fis ,iwtNd jPh;Tnra;J vOjp itj;Jtpl;ljhy; - ehk; nra;Ak;

ghtq;fSf;Fk; - Fw;wq;fSf;Fk; ehk; vg;gb nghWg;ghNthk;?

13. thdq;fisAk; - g+kpiaAk; 6 ehl;fspy; gilj;jjhf Fh;Mdpd; gy ,lq;fspy;

$wg;gl;Ls;sJ. Mdhy; mj;jpahak; /Gh;]pyhj;jpy; thdq;fSk; - g+kpAk; 8 ehl;fspy;

4
 gilf;fg;gl;ljhf $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J Kuz;ghL ,y;iyah? NkYk; mNj trdk;
g+kpia MW ehl;fspy; gilj;jjhfTk; - gpd;dh; ,uz;L ehl;fspy; thdq;fis
gilj;jjhfTk; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. thdq;fSk; - g+kpAk; xNu Neuj;jpy; cUthapd vd;W
mwptpay; $Wk; “'ngUk; ntbg;G tpjpf;F" (Big Bang Theroy) khw;wkhf ,e;j trdk;
mike;Js;sjh ,y;iyah?

14. kdpjd; tpe;jpypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;W xU ,lj;jpy; Fwpg;gpLk; Fh;Mdpa trdk;>

kw;nwhU ,lj;jpy; kdpjd; kz;zpypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. ,e;j
,uz;L trdq;fSk; Kuz;gLfpwJ ,y;iyah? kdpjd; kz;zpypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd;
vd;gij mwptpapy; hPjpahf vt;thW ep&gpg;gPh;fs;?

15. ,uz;L fpof;Fj; jpirfSf;Fk;> - ,uz;L Nkw;Fj; jpirfSf;Fk; nrhe;jf;fhud;

,iwtd; vd;W Fh;Mdpy; xU trdk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. xU fpof;Fj;jpir - xU
Nkw;Fj;jpir khj;jpuNk cs;s epiyapy; ,uz;L fpof;Fj; jpirfisAk;> ,uz;L
Nkw;Fj; jpirfisAk; mwptpay; hPjpahf vt;thW ep&gpg;gPh;fs;?

16. Fh;Mdpd; cs;s xU Fwpg;gpl;l trdk; ,iwtdpd; ghh;itapy; xU ehs; vd;gJ Mapuk;
tUlq;fSf;Fr; rkkhdJ vd;W nrhy;fpwJ. kw;nwhU trdk; ,iwtdpd; ghh;itapy;
xU ehs; vd;gJ Ik;gjhapuk; tUlq;fSf;Fr; rkkhdJ vd;W nrhy;fpwJ. ,t;thW
Fh;Md; jdf;Fj; jhNd Kuz;gLfpwNj. rhpah?

17. Fh;Mdpd; gy trdq;fs; i\j;jhd; xU kyf;F ,dk; vd;W nrhy;fpwJ. Mdhy;

mj;jpahak; f/Gtpy; i\j;jhd; xU [pd; ,dk; vd;fpwJ. ,t;thW Fh;Mdpy;
Kuz;ghlhz trdq;fs; ,Ug;gJ rhpah?

18. gpugy gj;jphpf;ifahsh; mUz;#hpapd; fUj;Jg;gb Fh;Mdpy; jtwhd fzf;Ftiffs;

,Uf;fpd;wd. Fh;Mdpy; cs;s ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahj;jpd; 11Mk; kw;Wk; 12 Mk;
trdj;jpd;gb thhpRjhuh;fSf;F nrhj;Jf;fis gphpj;Jf; nfhLj;jhy; - gphpj;Jf;
nfhLf;fg;glf; $ba nrhj;J xd;Wf;Fk; Nkw;gl;ljhf tUfpwJ. vdNt Fh;Mid
mUspatUf;F fzf;Fj; njhpatpy;iy vd;W vLj;Jf;nfhs;syhkh?

19. Fh;Mdpd; Vuhskhd ,lq;fspy; my;yh`; kpf;f fUizahsd; vd;Wk;> kpf;f

kd;dpg;gtd; vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. Mdhy; mNj Neuj;jpy; fLikahd jz;lidfs;
cz;Lk; vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. MfNt ,iwtd; kd;dpg;ghsdh? ,y;iy
gopthq;Fgtdh?

20. ,iwtd;> “''fh/gph;fspd;

(epuhfhpg;gth;fspd;) ,jaq;fspy; Kj;jpiu
itj;Jtpl;Nld;. MfNt mth;fs; tprthrk; nfhs;s khl;lhh;fs;"" vd;fpwhd;.
fl;lisfisg; Ghpe;J nfhz;L - ek;gpf;if nfhs;tjw;F fhuzkhf miktJ -
kdpjdpd; %isNaj; jtpu - kdpjdpd; ,jak; my;y vd;gJ ,d;iwa mwptpay; ekf;F
fw;Wj; jUk; ghlk;. NkNy nrhy;yg;gl;l Fh;Mdpa trdk; mwptpay; cz;ikf;F
KuzhdJ ,y;iyah?

,];yhj;ijg; gw;wp ,e;Jf;fshy; Nfl;fg;gLk; nghJthd Nfs;tpfs;:

1. ,e;J kjj;jpy; rpiy tzf;fk; ,y;iy vd;gij ,e;J gz;bjh;fSk; ,e;J mwpQh;fSk;
Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpwhh;fs;. Mdhy; kdpjd; tzq;fj; Jtq;Fk; Muk;g fhyfl;lq;fspy;
mtdJ kdij xUikg;gLj;j rpiy mtrpakhfpwJ. kdpj kdk; xUikg;gLk; gf;Ftk;
te;j gpwF me;j rpiy mtrpakpy;iy. rhpah?

5
2. jz;zPiu gy nkhopfspYk; gy ngah;fspy; miof;fpNwhk;. cjhuzj;jpw;F Mq;fpyj;jpy;
'thl;lh;" vd;Wk; - `pe;jpapy; 'ghzp" vd;Wk; - kiyahsj;jpy; nts;sk; vd;Wk;
miof;fpNwhk;. mJNghyj;jhd; flTSk;. my;yh`; vd;Wk; - ,NaR vd;Wk; - uhk; -
vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wdh;. vdNt flTs;fs; midtUk; xd;WjhNd?

3. ,e;Jj;Jtk; cyfpy; Njhd;wpa kjq;fspy; vy;yhtw;iwAk; tpl goikahd kjk;. vdNt

,e;Jj;Jtk;jhd; kpfTk; J}a;ikahdjhfTk; - midtuhYk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sf;
$bajhfTk; - kpfr; rpwe;j kjkhfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,y;iyah?

4. ,e;J kjj;jpy; ,Ug;gJNghy; - ,];yhkpa khh;f;fj;jpy; kWgpwtp vd;w ek;gpf;if

,y;iyNa. Vd;?

5. ,e;J kjj;jpy; ,we;J Nghdtiu vhpj;J tpLtJ Nghy;> ,];yhkpa khh;f;fj;jpy;

,we;jth;fis vhpf;fhky;> kz;zpy; Gijg;gJ Vd;?

6. ,e;J ngz;fs; new;wpapy; jpyfk; ,LtJ - nghl;L itg;gJ - jhyp mzpe;J nfhs;tJ
Nghd;W ,];yhkpa ngz;fs; - new;wpapy; nghl;L itg;gNjh - jhyp mzpe;J nfhs;tNjh
,y;iyNa. Vd;?

7. K];ypk;fs; njhOiff;fhf miof;Fk; nghOJ> ,e;jpahtpy; tho;e;J kiwe;j mf;gh;

Nguurhpd; ngaiu vjw;fhf nrhy;fpwPh;fs;?

8. nrhj;J> jpUkzk;> tpthfuj;J Nghd;w tptfhuq;fspy; ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s K];ypk;fs;

jq;fSf;nfd jdpahd rl;lq;fs; itj;jpUf;Fk; NghJ> Fw;wtpay; rl;lq;fspYk;
,];yhkpah;fs; ,];yhkpa rl;lj; jpl;lq;fis mky; nra;a Ntz;baJ jhNd?
(cjhuzj;jpw;F jpUbdhy; ifia ntl;LtJ Nghd;wJ..)

9. ,];yhj;jpd; fUj;Jg;gb cyfpy; cs;s xt;nthU ehl;bw;Fk; ,iwj;J}jh;fs; mDg;gg;

gl;bUf;fpwhh;fs;. mg;gbnadpy; ,e;jpahTf;F mDg;gg;gl;l ,iwj;J}jh; ahh;?
uhkiuAk;> fpU\;ziuAk; ,e;jpahTf;F mDg;gg;gl;l ,iwj;J}jh;fshf
vLj;Jf;nfhs;syhkh?

10. ,];yhj;jpd; fUj;Jg;gb xt;nthU fhyfl;lj;jpw;Fk; ,iwtdhy; ,iwNtjq;fs;

,t;TyFf;F mDg;gg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. mg;gbnadpy; ,e;jpahTf;F mDg;gg;gl;l
,iwNtjk; vJ? ,e;J Ntjq;fisAk;> kw;WKs;s ,e;Jj;Jt fhtpaq;fisAk;
,e;jpahTf;F mDg;gg;gl;l ,iwNtjq;fshf vLj;Jf;nfhs;syhkh?

Nfs;tp vz; 1.

,];yhj;jpy; Mz;fs; kl;Lk; gyjhu kzk; nra;J nfhs;s mDkjpf;fg; gl;bUg;gJ Vd;?

gjpy;:

1. gyjhu jpUkzj;jpw;fhd tpsf;fk;:

gyjhu kzk; vd;why; xU MNzh my;yJ ngz;Nzh xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l N[hbfis
nfhz;bUg;gJ. gyjhu kzk; vd;gJ ,uz;L tifg;gLk;. KjyhtJ tif xU Mz;
xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l ngz;fis kze;J nfhs;tJ. ,jid Mq;fpyj;jpy; ghypfkp
(POLYGAMY) vd;ghh;fs;. ,uz;lhtJ tif xU ngz; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l Mz;fis
kze;J nfhs;tJ. ,jid Mq;fpyj;jpy; ghypahz;lhp (POLYANDRY) vd;ghh;fs;.
KjyhtJ tif - mjhtJ Mz;fs; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l ngz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J

6
nfhs;tJ - ,];yhj;jpy; rpy epge;jidfSld; mDkjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mNj Neuj;jpy;
,uz;lhtJ tif - mjhtJ ngz;fs; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l Mz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J
nfhs;tJ - Kw;wpYk; jil nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

2. cyfpy; cs;s Ntjq;fspy; 'xUtiu khj;jpuk; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;Sq;fs;" vd;W

typAWj;JtJ mUs;kiw Fh;Md; khj;jpuk;jhd;.

,d;W cyfpy; cs;s Ntjq;fspy; “'xUtiu khj;jpuk; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;Sq;fs;"

vd;W typAWj;JtJ mUs;kiw Fh;Md; khj;jpuk;jhd;. kw;w ve;j NtjKk; Mz;fs;
xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;L jpUkzk; nra;af;$lhJ vd;W typAWj;Jtjpy;iy. cyfpy; ,d;iwf;F
fhzg;gLk; - ,e;Jf;fspd; Ntjq;fshd - ,uhkazNkh - k`hghujj;jpNyh - gftj;
fPijapNyh - my;yJ fpwp];Jth;fspd; Ntjkhd iggpspNyh - my;yJ A+j kjj;jpd; rl;l
E}yhd “'jy;Kjpf;" (TALMUDIC) fpNyh Mz;fs; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l jpUkzk; nra;J
nfhs;s jil gw;wpa mwptpg;G vJTkpy;iy. khwhf Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s Ntjq;fspd;gb
Mz;fs; vj;jid ngz;fis Ntz;LnkdpYk; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;syhk;. Mdhy;
gpw;fhyj;jpy; te;j ,e;J rhkpahh;fSk; - fpwp];Jt Njthyaq;fSk; - a+jh;fSk;jhd; -
Mz;fs; xU ngz;izj;jhd; jpUkzk;jhd; nra;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd fl;lisapl;L -
gyjhu kzj;jpw;F jil tpjpj;jdh;.

,e;J Ntjq;fspy; Fwpg;gplg;gLgth;fshd j]ujd; - fpU\;zd; Nghd;Nwhh; - gy

kidtpfis nfhz;bUe;jjhf - ,e;J Ntjq;fs; rhl;rpak; mspf;fpd;wd. uhkhpd; je;ij
j]ujd; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;;l kidtpfis nfhz;bUe;jhh;. fpU\;zUk; gy kidtpfis
nfhz;bUe;jhh;.

fpwp];jt Ntjkhd iggpspy; Mz;fs; xU ngz;izj;jhd; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;s

Ntz;Lk; vd;w jil ,y;yhj fhuzj;jhy;> Muk;g fhyq;fspy; - fpwp];Jt Mz;fs;>
mth;fs; tpUk;gpagb vj;jid ngz;fis Ntz;LkhdhYk; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;lhh;fs;.
Mdhy; fle;j rpy E}whz;LfSf;F Kd;Gjhd; fpwp];Jt Mz;fs; xU ngz;izj;jhd;
jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd fpwp];Jt Njthyaq;fs; jil tpjpj;jd.

A+j kjj;jpy; Mz;fs; gy ngz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;tJ mDkjpf;fg; gl;bUe;jJ.

Mg;ufhkpw;F %d;W kidtpfs; ,Ue;jjhfTk;> rhykDf;F E}w;Wf; fzf;fhd kidtpfs;
,Ue;jjhfTk; A+j kjj;jpd; rl;l E}yhd “'jy;Kjpf;" (TALMUDIC) Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. fp.gp.
960 Mk; Mz;by; Njhd;wp 1030 y; kuzpj;j ug;gp nfh;]hd; ngd; a$jh (RABBI GERSHON
BEN YEHUDAH) vd;w ngaUila a+jh; gyjhu jpUkzj;ij jil nra;Ak; xU rl;lk;
,Lk;tiu a+j Mz;fs; kj;jpapy; gy ngz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;Sk; gof;fk;
njhlh;e;jJ. 1950 Mk; Mz;bd; ,Wjpapy; ,];Nuypy; cs;s a+jj; jiyikafk; Mz;fs;>
gy ngz;fis kzg;gij jil nra;J rl;lk; ,Lk; tiu ,];yhkpa ehLfspy; tho;e;J
tUk; a+j Mz;fsplKk; gy ngz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;Sk; epiy njhlh;e;jJ.

1. gyjhu kzk; nra;J nfhs;tjpy; ,];yhkpah;fistpl> ,e;Jf;fNs Kd;ddpapy;

cs;sdh;:

',];yhj;jpy; ngz;fspd; epiy gw;wp Ma;T nra;tjw;fhf mikf;fg;gl;l FO" (COMMITTEE

OF THE STATUS OF WOMAN IN ISLAM) 1975 Mk; Mz;L ntspapl;l mwpf;ifapd; 66 kw;Wk; 67
Mk; gf;fj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s Gs;sp tpguf; fzf;fpd;gb 1951Mk; Mz;Lf;Fk; - 1961 Mz;Lf;Fk;
,ilg;gl;l 10 Mz;Lfspy; gyjhu kzk; jilnra;ag;gl;l ,e;Jf;fspy; 5.06 rjtPj Mz;fs;
xd;Wf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l ngz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;bUe;jdh;. Mdhy; gyjhu kzk;
mDkjpf;fg;gl;l ,];yhkpa Mz;fspy; 4.31 rjtPjj;jpdNu xd;Wf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l ngz;fis
jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;bUe;jdh;. ,e;jpa murpayikg;Gr; rl;lgb ,];yhkpa Mz;fs;
khj;jpuk;jhd; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l ngz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;s KbAk;. ,e;Jf;fs;

7
xd;Wf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l ngz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;tJ ,e;jpa murpayikg;Gr; rl;lgb
rl;l tpNuhjkhFk;. ,t;thW ,e;Jf;fs; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l ngz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J
nfhs;tJ rl;l tpNuhjkhf ,Ue;jhYk; - ,];yhkpah;fNshL xg;gpLk;NghJ> ,e;Jf;fNs
xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l ngz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;tjpy; Kd;ddp tfpf;fpd;wdh;.
Ke;ija fhyq;fspy; ,e;Jf;fSk; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l ngz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;s
jilNaJk; ,y;yhky;jhd; ,Ue;jJ. 1954 Mk; Mz;by; ,aw;wg;gl;l ,e;Jj; jpUkzr;
rl;lj;jpy;jhd; ,e;J kjj;jpy; Mz;fs; xd;Wf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l ngz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J
nfhs;tJ jil nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,d;iwf;Fk; $l xU ,e;J Mz; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l
ngz;iz jpUkzk; nra;af;$lhJ vd;W jLg;gJ ,e;jpa murpayikg;Gr; rl;lNkj; jtpu.
,e;J Ntjq;fs; Mz;fs; gyjhu kzk; nra;J nfhs;tij jil nra;atpy;iy.

,g;NghJ ehk; ,];yhk; Vd; - xUMz; gy ngz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;s

mDkjpj;Js;sJ vd;gJ gw;wp rw;W tphpthf Muha;Nthk;.

2. my;-Fh;Md; xU Mz; gy ngz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;tij rpy

epge;jidfSld; - mDkjpaspf;fpwJ.

ehd; Kd;Ng Fwpg;gpl;lJ Nghy; cyfpy; cs;s Ntjq;fspy;“'xUtiu khj;jpuk; jpUkzk;

nra;J nfhs;Sq;fs;" vd;W typAWj;JtJ Fh;Md; khj;jpuk;jhd;. my;-Fh;Mdpd; 04tJ
mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jd;dp]htpd; %d;whtJ trdk; “'cq;fSf;Fg; gpbj;jkhd
ngz;fis - ,uz;buz;lhfNth - Kk;%d;whfNth - ed;dhd;fhNth - kze;J
nfhs;Sq;fs;. Mdhy;> ePq;fs; (,th;fspilNa) epahakhf elf;f KbahJ
vd;W gae;jhy; xU ngz;izNa (kze;J nfhs;Sq;fs;)."" vd;W Rl;bf;
fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

my;-Fh;Md; tUtjw;F Ke;ija fhyj;jpy; ,];yhj;jpy; gyjhu kzj;jpw;F jilapy;yhky;

,Ue;jJ. Mz;fs; vj;jid ngz;fis Ntz;LkhdhYk; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;syhk;
vd;w mDkjp ,Ue;jJ. Mz;fspy; ngUk;ghNyhh; gy ngz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J
nfhs;gth;fshf ,Ue;jdh;. Mdhy; my;-Fh;Md; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l gpwF - xU ,];yhkpa
Mz; mjpfgl;rk; ehd;F ngz;fs; tiu jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;syhk; vd mDkjp
toq;fg;gl;lJ. mJTk; mg;ngz;fspilNa rkkhd ePjp nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;w
epge;jidAld;> xU Mz; mjpfgl;rk; ehd;F ngz;fis tiu jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;syhk;
vd gyjhu kzj;jpw;F tiuKiw ,l;lJ.

'(,iw
NkYk; my;-Fh;Mdpd; 04tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; ep\htpd; 129Mk; trdk;>
tpRthrpfNs!) ePq;fs; vt;tsTjhd; tpUk;gpdhYk;> kidtpahpilNa ePq;fs;
ePjk; nrYj;j rhj;jpakhfhJ" vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. Nkw;gb trdj;jpypUe;J
,];yhj;jpy; gyjhu kzk; vd;gJ xU tpjptpyf;Nfj; jtpu - fl;lhakpy;iy vd;gijj;
njhpe;J nfhs;syhk;.

,];yhj;jpd; nfhs;iffspy; - nra;a Ntz;bait kw;Wk; nra;af; $lhjitfis Ie;J

tifahf gl;baypLfpwJ. mitahtd:

1. “'/gh;Y" - fl;lhaf; flikfs;

2. “'K];jfg;" - ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gl;lit my;yJ J}z;lg;gl;lit
3. “'Kgh`;" - mDkjpf;fg;gl;litfs;
4. “'kf;&" - mDkjpf;fg; glTk; ,y;iy - mNj rkaj;jpy; jLf;fg;glTkpy;iy.
5. “'`uhk;" - fz;bg;ghf jil nra;ag; gl;lit.

8
Nkw;gb xU Mz; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l (mjpfgl;rk; ehd;F tiu) jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;tJ
,];yhj;jpy; mDkjpf;fg;gl;l xd;Nwj; jtpu fl;lhaf; flik my;y. xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l
ngz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;l xU ,];yhkpah; - xNu xU ngz;iz kl;Lk; jpUkzk;
nra;J nfhz;l kw;nwhU ,];yhkpaiutpl ve;j tpjj;jpYk; cah;e;jth; ,y;iy.

3. ruhrhpahf ngz;zpdk; caph;thOk; fhy msT - Mzpdk; caph;thOk; fhy msittpl

mjpfkhdJ.

,aw;ifapNyNa MzpzKk; - ngz;zpzKk; rhprkkhd tpfpjj;jpy;jhd; gpwf;fpd;wdh;. Neha;

vjph;g;G rf;jpapy; Mzpzj;ij kpQ;rpajhf ngz;zpzk; mike;Js;sJ. Neha;fpUkpfis
vjph;nfhs;tjpy; ngz; Foe;ijfs; - Mz; Foe;ijfistpl mjpf rf;jp tha;e;jitfshf
cs;sd vd;gjhy;> Foe;ijg; gUtj;jpy; ngz; Foe;ijfs; kuzpg;gijtpl> Mz;
Foe;ijfs;jhd; mjpfkhf kuzpf;fpd;wd.

Aj;jq;fspy; ngz;fistpl Mz;fNs mjpfkhf nfhy;yg;gLfpwhh;fs;. tpgj;Jf;fspYk; -

Neha;tha;g;gl;Lk; ,wg;gth;fspy; ngz;fistpl Mz;fspd; tpfpjhr;rhuNk mjpfk;. Mz;fs;
caph;thOk; fhy msT - ngz;fs; caph;thOk; fhy msittpl FiwthfNt ,Ug;gjhy; -
ve;j Fwpg;gpl;l fhyfl;lj;jpYk; - kidtpia ,oe;j fzth;fis tpl> fztid ,oe;j
kidtpaNu ,t;Tyfpy; mjpfk; fhzg;gLfpd;wdh;.

4. fUtpNyNa ngz;Foe;ij vd;W fz;lwpag;gl;lhy; cldbahf fiyf;fg;gLtjhYk; -

ngz; rpRtijfshYk; - ,e;jpa kf;fs; njhifapy; ngz;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia tpl
Mz;fNs vz;zpf;ifNa mjpfk;. Nkw;gb epfo;T ,y;iynadpy; ,e;jpahtpYk;
Mz;fistpl ngz;fNs mjpf vz;zpf;ifapy; ,Ug;gh;.

kf;fs; njhifapy; ngz;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia tpl Mz;fspd; vz;zpf;if mjpfk;

nfhz;Ls;s ehLfspy; ,e;jpahTk; xd;W. ngz;fUf;fs; vd;W fz;lwpag;gl;lhy; cldbahf
fiyf;fg;gLtJk;> gpwe;j Foe;ij ngz; vd;W njhpe;jhy; rpRtij nra;J
nfhy;yg;gLtJNk ,jw;F fhuzk; MFk;. ,e;jpahtpy; khj;jpuk; xU tUlj;jpw;F gj;J
yl;rj;Jf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l fUf;fs; - ngz; vd;W milahsk; fhzg;gl;lg; gpwF
fiyf;fg;gLfpd;wd. my;yJ mopf;fg; gLfpd;wd. ,e;j nfhba nray; epWj;jg;gl;lhy;
,e;jpahtpYk; - Mz;fspd; vz;zpf;ifiatpl - ngz;fspd; vz;zpf;ifNa NkNyhq;fp
,Uf;Fk;.

5. cyf kf;fs; njhifapy; Mz;fspd; vz;zpf;ifiatpl ngz;fspd; vz;zpf;ifNa

NkNyhq;fp epw;fpwJ.

mnkhpf;fhtpd; nkhj;j kf;fs; njhifapy; ngz;fspd; vz;zpf;if> Mz;fspd;

vz;zpf;ifia tpl 78 yl;rk; mjpfkhFk;. mnkhpf;f jiyefh; epa+ahh;f;fpy; khj;jpuk; -
ngz;fspd; vz;zpf;if> Mz;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia tpl 10 yl;rk; mjpfkhFk;. mnkhpf;f
jiyefh; epa+ahh;f;fpd; nkhj;j kf;fs; njhifapy; %d;wpy; xU ghfk; Xhpzr; Nrh;f;ifapy;
ehl;lKs;s Mz;fs;. mnkhpf;fhtpd; nkhj;j kf;fs; njhifapy; Nkw;nrhy;yg;gl;lth;fspd;
vz;zpf;if khj;jpuk; ,uz;liu NfhbahFk;. Nkw;gb egh;fs; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;s
khl;lhh;fs; vd;gJ ehk; mwpe;j nra;jp. mNj Nghy; gphpl;ldpy; ngz;fspd; vz;zpf;if>
Mz;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia tpl 40 yl;rk; mjpfkhFk;. n[h;kdpapy; ngz;fspd; vz;zpf;if>
Mz;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia tpl 50 yl;rk; mjpfkhFk;. u\;ahtpy; ngz;fspd; vz;zpf;if>
Mz;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia tpl 90 yl;rk; mjpfkhFk;. cyfpy; cs;s nkhj;j kf;fs;
njhifapy; vj;jid Nfhb ngz;fs; Mz;fistpl mjpfk; vd;gij mwpe;jtd; vy;yhk;
ty;y my;yh`; xUtNd.

6. xU Mz; xU ngz;izj;jhd; jpUkzk; Kbf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W tiuaiw Vw;gLj;JtJ

- eilKiwf;F rhj;jpaf; $whdJ my;y.

9
xU Mz; xU ngz;izj;jhd; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;w epiy
,Uf;Fkhdhy;> mnkhpf;fhtpy; khj;jpuk; 3 Nfhb ngz;fs; jpUkzk; Kbj;Jf;nfhs;s
Mz;fs; ,y;yhj epiyNa fhzg;gLk;. (mnkhpf;fhtpy; ,uz;liu Nfhb Mz;fs;> Xhpdr;
Nrh;f;ifahsh;fshf ,Uf;fpwhh;fs; vd;gijAk; ehk; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;).
mJNghy - gphpl;ldpy; 40 yl;rk; ngz;fs; jpUkzk; Kbj;Jf;nfhs;s Mz;fs; ,y;yhj
epiyAk;> n[h;nkdpapy; 50 yl;rk; ngz;fs; jpUkzk; Kbj;Jf;nfhs;s Mz;fs; ,y;yhj
epiyAk;> u\;ahtpy; 90 yl;rk; ngz;fs; jpUkzk; Kbj;Jf;nfhs;s Mz;fs; ,y;yhj
epiyANk fhzg;gLk;.

cjhuzj;jpw;F jpUkzk; Kbf;fhj vd;Dila rNfhjup my;yJ jq;fSila rNfhjhp

jpUkzk; Kbf;f Mz;fs; ,y;yhj epiyapy; cs;s mnkhpf;fhtpy; trpj;J tUtjhf
itj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;. mtUf;F ,uz;L tha;g;GfNs cs;sd. xd;W Vw;nfdNt jpUkzk;
Md xUtiu fztuhf Vw;Wf; nfhs;tJ. my;yJ mth; mnkhpf;fhtpd; “'nghJr;
nrhj;jhf" khWtJ. ,it ,z;ilAk; jtpu NtW tha;g;Ng ,y;yhj epiyapy;>
mnkhpf;fhtpd; “'nghJr; nrhj;jhf" khWtijtpl> Vw;nfdNt jpUkzk; Md xUtiu
fztuhf Vw;Wf; nfhs;tJ vd;fpw Kjy; tha;g;igj;jhd; rpwe;j Gj;jprhyp Njh;e;njLg;ghh;.

Nkw;fj;jpa fyhr;rhuj;jpy; xU Mz; gy ngz;fSld; njhlh;G nfhz;bUg;gJ rh;t

rhjhuzk;. ,J Nghd;w epiyfspy; ngz;Zf;F ghJfhg;gw;w epiyAk; - r%fj;jpw;F
gae;J thof; $ba epiyAk; cz;lhfpwJ. mNj r%fj;jpy; xU ngz; - xU MZf;F -
,uz;lhtJ kidtpahf ,Ug;gij KO kdJld; rKjhak; Vw;Wf; nfhs;tJld; - me;j
ngz;Zf;F khpahijahd> nfsutkhd> ghJfhg;ghd tho;f;ifAk; mikfpwJ.

Vw;nfdNt jpUkzk; Md xUtiu fztuhf Vw;Wf; nfhs;tJ. my;yJ “'nghJr;

nrhj;jhf khWtJ" vd ,it ,z;ilAk; jtpu NtW tha;g;Ng ,y;yhj epiyapy; cs;s
ngz;Zf;F - ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; KjyhtJ epiyia Vw;Wf; nfhs;sr; nrhy;yp -
,uz;lhtJ epiyia Kw;wpYk; Gwf;fzpf;f typAWj;JfpwJ.

,];yhj;jpy; Mz;fs; mjpfgl;rk; ehd;F ngz;fs;tiu jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;tjw;F

,d;Dk; Vuhskhd fhuzq;fs; ,Ue;jhYk; - Kf;fpakhf ngz;fspd; khdj;ij
ghJfhf;fNt Mz;fs; gyjhu kzk; nra;J nfhs;tJ rpy epge;jidfSld; mDkjpf;fg;
gl;Ls;sJ.

Nfs;tp vz;: 2
Mz;fs; gyjhu kzk; nra;a mDkjpf;Fk; ,];yhk;> ngz;fs; gyjhu kzk; nra;J nfhs;s
jil nra;tJ Vd;?.

gjpy;:
,];yhkpah;fs; cl;gl - Vuhskhd khw;W kjj;jth;fs; - ,];yhkpa Mz;fs; xd;Wf;F
Nkw;gl;l ngz;fis kzg;gij mDkjpj;Jtpl;L> mNj chpikia ngz;fSf;F kWg;gJ
Vd;? vd;fpw gFj;jwpT hPjpahd Nfs;tpia vd;dplk; Nfl;fpwhh;fs;.

ePjpiaAk; - rkj;Jtj;ijAk; mbg;ilahf nfhz;l khh;f;fk;jhd; ,];yhk; vd;gij Kjypy;

ehd; mOj;jkhf nrhy;fpNwd;. Mz;fisAk; - ngz;fisAk; rkkhfNt gilj;j my;yh`;>
MZf;Fk; - ngz;Zf;Fk; tpj;jpahrkhd Mw;wy;fisAk; - nghWg;GfisAk; toq;fpdhd;.
cly; hPjpahfTk; - cs hPjpahfTk; Mz;fSk; - ngz;fSk; tpj;jpahrkhdth;fs;.
Mz;fSf;Fk; - ngz;fSf;Fk; tpj;jpahrkhd gq;FfSk; - nghWg;GfSk; cs;sd.
,];yhj;jpd; ghh;itapy; Mz;fSk; - ngz;fSk; rkkhdth;fNsj; (Equal) jtpu - xNu
khjphpahdth;fs; (Identical) my;y.

10
my;-Fh;Mdpd; ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; ep\htpd; 22tJ trdk; Jtq;fp 24tJ
trdk; tiu Mz;fs; ahh; ahiu jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;sf; $lhJ vd;gij
gl;baypLfpwJ. NkYk; 'fztDs;s ngz;fis ePq;fs; kzKbg;gJ
tpyf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ." (my;-Fh;Md; 4:24) vdf;$WfpwJ.
,];yhj;jpy; - ngz;fs; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l Mz;fis jpUkzk; nra;tJ (POLYANDRY) Vd;
jil nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ - vd;gij fPo;f;fhZk; Fwpg;Gfs; ,d;Dk; tpsf;fkhf ekf;fj;
njhptpf;fpd;wd.

1. xU Mz; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l ngz;fis jpUkzk; nra;jpUe;jhy; - xt;nthU

kditpf;Fk; gpwf;Fk; Foe;ijfs; ,tUf;Fj;jhd; gpwe;jJ vd;gij milahsk; fz;L
nfhs;tJ vspjhdJ. Foe;ijfspd; je;ijAk;> jhAk; ,th;fs;jhd; vd;W milahsk;
fz;L nfhs;tJk; vspjhdJ. mNj rkaj;jpy; xU ngz; gy fzth;fis jpUkzk;
nra;jpUe;J> me;jj; jpUkzj;jpd; %yk; gpwf;Fk; - Foe;ijfspd; jhia vspjhf
milahsk; fhzyhk;. Mdhy; Foe;ijfspd; je;;ijia milahsk; fhz KbahJ.
Foe;ijfspd; jhAk; - je;ijAk; - ,d;dhh;jhd; vd;W milahsk; - fz;L nfhs;Sk;
tp\aj;jpw;F ,];yhk; kpfg;nghpa Kf;fpaj;Jtk; toq;FfpwJ. jdJ ngw;Nwhh;
,d;dhh;jhd; vd;W mwpahj Foe;ijfs; - Fwpg;ghf jdJ je;ij ,d;dhh;jhd; vd
mwpahj Foe;ijfs; - kNdheyk; Fd;wpath;fshf khWfpwhh;fs; vd kdey
kUj;Jth;fs; njhptpf;fpwhh;fs;. mth;fsJ Foe;ijg; gUtk; mj;jid kfpo;r;rpahdjhf
,Ug;gjpy;iy. Nkw;$wg;gl;l fhuzq;fspdhy; tpiykhJfSf;Fg; gpwe;j Foe;ijfspd; -
Foe;ijg; gUtk; MNuhf;fpakhdjhf ,Ug;gjpy;iy. xU ngz; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l
Mz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;L - mjdhy; gpwe;j Foe;ijfis gs;spapy; Nrh;f;Fk;
NghJ - xNu Foe;ijf;F - ,uz;L my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;l jfg;gdhhpd; - ngah;fis
nrhy;yf;$ba epiy cUthfyhk;. Mdhy; rkPgj;jpa mwptpay; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpd;
fhuzkhf - kugZr; Nrhjid nra;J - xU Foe;ijapd; jha; ,d;dhh;jhd; vd;Wk; -
xU Foe;ijapd; je;ij ,d;dh;jhd; vd;Wk; milahsk; fz;L nfhs;syhk; vd;gJk;
ehd; mwpe;jtp\ak;. vdNt ehd; vLj;J itj;j ,e;j thjk; fle;j fhyj;Jf;Fg;
nghUe;JNkj; jtpu - ,d;iwa fhy fl;lj;jpw;Fg; nghUe;jhJ.

2. MizAk; ngz;izAk; xg;gpLk;NghJ - xU Mz; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l ngz;fis

jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;s jFjpahd clyikg;ig> ,aw;ifahfNt mikag; ngw;wtd;
vd;gij mwpayhk;.

3. XU Mz; - gy ngz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;lhYk; fztd; vd;w Kiwapy; jdJ

flikfis nra;a clypay; hPjpahf MZf;F me;j gzp kpf vspjhdjhFk;. mNj
epiyapypUf;Fk; gy Mz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;l xU ngz;zhy; - kidtp vd;w
Kiwapy; jdJ flikfis xt;nthU fztUf;Fk; nra;J Kbg;gJ fbdkhdjhFk;.
xU ngz; - khjtpyf;fhFk; fhy fl;lq;fspy; - kNdh hPjpahfTk; - eilKiw
gof;ftof;fq;fs; hPjpahfTk; - Vuhskhd khw;wq;fSf;F cs;shfpwhs;.

4. gy fzth;fis nfhz;bUf;Fk; xU ngz; - xNu fhy fl;lj;jpy; - gy Mz;fSld;

cly;cwT nfhs;tjhy; - ghypay; Neha;fshy; ghjpf;fg;gLtjw;fhd tha;g;Gfs; kpfTk;
mjpfk;. Nkw;gb ghypay; Neha;fs; - gpw ngz;fSld; ve;jtpjj;jpYk; njhlh;gpy;yhj -
kw;w fzth;fSf;Fk; njhw;wpf; nfhs;sf; $ba tha;g;GfSk; kpfTk; mjpfk;. Nkw;gb
gpur;id gy ngz;fis kze;J nfhs;Sk; xU MZf;F Vw;gLtjpy;iy.

NkNy Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s fhuzq;fs; ahTk; vspjhf milahsk; fhzg;gl Kbe;jit. xU

ngz; xd;Wf;F Nkw;g;gl;l Mz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;sf; $lhJ vd;gij jil
nra;j my;yh`;Nt kw;WKs;s fhuzq;fs; midj;ijAk; mwpe;jtd;.

11
Nfs;tp vz;: 3
,];yhkpa ngz;fs; gh;jh mzpa Ntz;Lk; vd fl;lhag;gLj;jp mth;fis ,opT gLj;JtJ
Vd;?.

gjpy;:
,];yhj;jpy; ngz;fspd; epiy gw;wp jhf;Ftij ,yf;fhf nfhz;L cyf Clfq;fs;
nray;gLfpd;wd. ,];yhkpa rl;lj;jpd; fPo; ngz;fs; cil mzptij tpkhprpf;fhj
Clfq;fNs cyfpy; ,y;iy vdyhk;. ,];yhk; typAWj;Jk; - ,];yhkpa cil gw;wpa
fhuz fhhpaq;fis mwpAk; Kd;G> ,];yhk; Njhd;Wk; Kd;G - cyfpy; cs;s xt;nthU
rKjhaj;jpYk; ngz;fspd; epiy vt;thW ,Ue;jJ vd;gij Kjypy; njhpe;J nfhs;Nthk;.

1. Ke;ija fhyq;fspy; ngz;fs; ,opTgLj;jg;gl;L - Nghfg; nghUshf kl;LNk

gad;gLj;jg;gl;lhh;fs;.
gz;ila fhyq;fspy; ngz;fs; rKjhaj;jpy; kpfTk; fPoj;jukhf kjpf;fg;gl;L - kdpjDf;F
cz;lhd mbg;gil nfsutk; $l kWf;fg;gl;lth;fshf elj;jg;gl;lhh;fs; vd;gij
fPo;f;fhZk; tuyhw;W cz;ikfs; ekf;F NghJkhd tpsf;fj;ij jUfpd;wd.

a. ghgpNyhdpa ehfhPfk;:
ghgpNyhdpa rl;lg;gb ngz;fs; fPo;j;jukhf kjpf;fg;gl;L> mth;fSf;F chpa mbg;gil
chpikfs; $l kWf;fg;gl;lhh;fs;. xU kdpjd; xU ngz;izf; nfhiy nra;J tpl;lhy;>
mtUf;F kuz jd;lid toq;Ftjw;F gjpyhf mtUila kidtpf;F kuz jz;lid
toq;Fk; tof;fk; ghgpNyhdpa ehfhPfj;jpy; ,Ue;jJ.

b. fpNuf;f ehfhPfk;:
gz;ilfhy ehfhPfq;fspy; fpNuf;f ehfhPfk; ngUikf;Fhpajhf fUjg;gl;lJ. Nkw;gb
'ngUikf;Fhpa" ehfhPf fhyj;jpy; - ngz;fs; jq;fs; mbg;gil chpikfs;
kWf;fg;gl;lth;fshf> fPo;j;jukhf elj;jg;gl;lhh;fs;. 'gz;Nlhuh" vd;wiof;fg;gl;l
“'fw;gidg; ngz;kzp" Na kdpj Fyj;jpw;F Vw;gLk; jPikfs; midj;jpw;Fk; mbg;gil
fhuzkhf mike;jts; vd;W fpNuf;f Guhzq;fs; giw rhw;Wfpd;wd. fpNuf;fh;fs;
ngz;fis kdpj Fyj;jpy; jhoe;jth;fs; vd;Wk; - Mz;fSf;F mbikfs; vd;Wk;
fUjpdhh;fs;. fpNuf;f ehfhPfj;jpd; gpw;gl;lf; fhyj;jpy; ngz;fs; - cah;thdth;fshf
kjpf;fg;gl;lhYk; - Mz;fSf;F chpa 'jhd;" vd;w mfk;ghtj;jhYk; - ghypapay;
gyhj;fhuq;fSf;Fk; - ngz;fs; cl;gLj;jg;gl;lhh;fs;. fpNuf;f rKjhaj;jpd; vy;yh
kl;lj;jpYk; - tpgr;rhuk; gutyhf fhzg;gl;lJ.

c. Nuhkhdpa ehfhPfk;:

Nuhkhdpa ehfhPfk; Gfopd; cr;repiyapy; ,Ue;jNghJ $l> xU Mz; jdJ kidtpia

nfhiy nra;tij jdJ chpikahf nfhz;bUe;jhd;. tpgr;rhuKk; - ngz;fis
eph;thzkhf ghhg;gJTk; - Nuhkhdpah;fspd; kpfr; rhjhuz gof;f tof;fkhf ,Ue;jJ.

d. vfpg;jpa ehfhPfk;:

vfpg;jpah;fs; ngz;fis xU jPikahfTk; - rhj;jhdpd; rpd;dkhfTk; fUjpdhh;fs;.

e. mUs;kiw Fh;Md; tUtjw;F Kd;gpUe;j mNugpa ehfhPfk;:

mNugpahtpy; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; tUtjw;F Kd;G - mNugpah;fs; ngz;fis fPoj;jukhf

kjpj;jhh;fs;. ngz;Foe;ijfs; gpwe;jhy;> mitfis capNuhL kz;zpy; Gijj;jhh;fs;.

12
2. ,];yhk; ngz;fSf;F r%fj;jpy; rk chpikAk; me;j];Jk; toq;fpaJ. mth;fs;
rKjhaj;jpy; jq;fSf;Fhpa nfsutj;NjhL tho;tij typAWj;jpaJ.

Mapuj;J ehD}W Mz;LfSf;F Kd;G ,];yhk; ngz;fSf;F rk chpikAk; me;j];Jk;

toq;fpaJ. rKjhaj;jpy; ngz;fs; jq;fSf;Fhpa nfsutj;NjhL tho;tij ,];yhk;
typAWj;jpaJ.

'Mz;fSf;Fhpa “`p[hg;"

tof;fkhf ,];yhj;jpy; ngz;fSf;F khj;jpuk;jhd; “'`p[hg;" Kiw cs;sjhf nghJkf;fs;

thjpLthh;fs;. Mdhy; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; my;yh`;; ngz;fSf;fhd “'`p[hg;" gw;wp
mwptpf;Fk; Kd;G> Mz;fSf;fhd “'`p[hg;" gw;wp mwptpf;fpd;whd;. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd;
24tJ mj;jpahak; ]_uj;Jd; E}hpd; Kg;gjhtJ trdj;jpy; “'(egpNa!) tpRthrk;nfhz;l
Mz;fSf;F ePh; $WtPuhf: mth;fs; jq;fs; ghh;itfisj; jho;j;jpf; nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;: jq;fs; ntl;fj; jyq;fis Ngzpg; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;:
mJ mth;fSf;F kpf;f ghpRj;jkhdjhFk;. epr;rakhf my;yh`; mth;fs;
nra;gtw;iw ed;F njhpe;jtd;" vd;W my;yh`; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whd;.
xU kdpjd; xU ngz;iz ghh;j;jTld; mtdJ kdjpy;> khdf;Nflhd vz;zk;
Njhd;WNkahdhy; - me;j kdpjd; jdJ ghh;itia jho;j;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;W
mUs;kiw Fh;Md; fl;lisapLfpd;wJ.

'ngz;fSf;Fhpa “`p[hg;"

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 24tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jd; E}hpd; 31tJ trdj;jpy; '(egpNa!)

,d;Dk; tpRthrk;nfhz;l ngz;fSf;F ePh; $WtPuhf: mth;fs; jq;fs;
ghh;itfisj; jho;j;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;: jq;fs; ntl;fj; jyq;fis Ngzpg;
ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;: jq;fs; mofyq;fhuj;ij mjdpd;W
(rhjhuzkhf ntspapy;) njhpaf; $baijj;jtpu (NtW vijAk;) ntspf;
fhl;lyhfhJ: ,d;Dk; jq;fs; Kd;whidfshy; mth;fs; jq;fs; khh;Gfis
kiwj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;: NkYk; (tpRthrk;nfhz;l ngz;fs;) jk;
fzth;fs;> jk; je;ijah;fs;> my;yJ jk; fzth;fspd; je;ijah;fs; my;yJ
jk; Gjy;th;fs;..".Mfpa ,th;fisj; jtpu(NtW Mz;fSf;Fj; ) jq;fSila
mofyq;fhuj;ij ntspg;gLj;jf; $lhJ." vd;W my;yh`; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whd;.
`p[hg; mzptjw;fhd MW tiuKiwfis ,];yhk; typAWj;JfpwJ.

1. `p[hg; mzptjw;fhd msTNfhy;fs;:

ePq;fs; mzpaf; $ba Mil cly; KOtijAk; kiwf;ff; $bajhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;
vd;gNj ,];yhkpa Mil mzptjw;fhd Kjy; msTNfhy;. ,e;j msTNfhy; Mz;fSf;Fk;
- ngz;fSf;Fk; tpj;jpahrg;gLk;. Mz;fs; njhg;Gs; Kjy; fuz;iltiu kiwf;ff; $ba
Milfis mzpa Ntz;Lk;. ngz;fs; rhjhuzkhf ntspapy; njhpaf;$ba ghfq;fshd
Kfk; - fuz;il tiu cs;s iffs; Mfpaitj; jtpu jq;fs; cly; KOtJk; kiwf;ff;
$ba Milfis mzpa Ntz;Lk;. mth;fs; tpUk;gpdhy; Nkw;gb ntspapy; njhpaf; $ba
,e;j ghfq;fisAk; kiwj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;.

,];yhkpa Milapy; vQ;rpa Ie;J msTNfhy;fSk; - Mz;fSf;Fk; - ngz;fSf;Fk;

rkkhditNa.

13
2. mzpaf; $ba Mil cly; ghpzhkj;ij ntspf;fhl;lhj msTf;F njha;thf ,Uf;f
Ntz;Lk;.
3. mzpaf; $ba Mil cw;Wg; ghh;j;jhy; cly; ghfq;fs; midj;Jk; njhpAk;gbahd
nky;ypa Milahf ,y;yhJ - nfl;bahd Milahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;
4. mzpaf; $ba Mil (ngz;fs; Mz;fis trPfhpf;ff; $bathWk; - Mz;fs; -
ngz;fis trPfhpf;ff; $bathUk;) vjph;jug;ghiu ftuf;$ba msTf;F fth;r;rpahf
,y;yhky; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
5. Mz;fs; ngz;fisg; Nghy; Mil mzptijAk; - ngz;fs; Mz;fisg; Nghy; Mil
mzptijAk; ,];yhk; jil nra;Js;sJ.
6. mzpaf; $ba Mil ,iw epuhfhpg;ghsh;fs; mzpaf; $ba Miliag; Nghd;W ,Uf;ff;
$lhJ. cjhuzj;jpw;F ,iw epuhfhpg;gth;fs; cLj;Jfpd;w fhtp epwk; - fUg;G epwk; -
Nghd;w Milfs; mzptij ,];yhk; jil nra;Js;sJ.

3. ,];yhkpa MilKiw kdpjh;fspd; elj;ijiaAk; - gof;ftof;fq;fisAk;

cs;slf;fpaJ.

Nkw;$wpa MW newpKiwfs; jtpu> kdpjdpd; ed;dlj;ij> mtdJ gof;ftof;fk;> mtdJ

kNdhghtk; kw;Wk; jdpkdpj vz;zq;fs; MfpaitAk; ,];yhkpa Mil Kiwapy;
cs;slq;Fk;. xU kdpjh; Milfspy; khj;jpuk; ,];yhkpa newpKiwfis
filgpbg;ghNuahdy; - ,];yhkpa Milapd; xU gFjpia khj;jpuk; gpd;gw;WtJ Nghd;wjhFk;.
MilfspYk; ,];yhkpa newpKiwfis filgpbg;gNjhL - jdJ fz;fspYk; - jdJ
cs;sj;jpYk; - jdJ vz;zj;jpYk; - ,];yhkpa `p[hg; Kiwia filgpbf;f Ntz;Lk;.
,];yhkpa `p[hg; vd;gJ - xUth; elf;Fk; tpjj;jpYk; - mth; NgRk; tpjj;jpYk; - mth;
goFk; tpjj;jpYk; gpujpgypf;f Ntz;Lk;.

4. '`p[hg;" ngz;fis njhy;iyfspypUe;Jk; ghJfhf;fpwJ:

ngz;fs; `p[hg; mzpa Ntz;bajw;fhd fhuzj;ij mUs; kiwapd; 33 tJ mj;jpahak;

]{uj;Jy; m`;[hg; gpd; 59tJ trdk; njspthf Rl;bf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

'egpNa! ePh; ck; kidtpfSf;Fk;> ck; ngz; kf;fSf;Fk;> <khd;

nfhz;lth;fspd; ngz;fSf;Fk;> mth;fs; jq;fs; jiy Kd;whidfis
jho;j;jpf; nfhs;SkhW $WtPuhf: mth;fs; (fz;zpakhdth;fs; vd)
mwpag;gl;L Nehtpid nra;ag;glhkypUf;f ,J Rygkhd topahFk;. NkYk;
my;yh`; kpf kd;dpg;gtd;: kpf;f md;Gilatd;.
ngz;fs; fz;zpakhdth;fs; vd;W mwpag;gLtjw;fhfTk; - mth;fs; njhy;iyfspypUe;J
jtph;e;J nfhs;s Ntz;bAk; - `p[hg; mzptJ ngz;fSf;F ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gl;Uf;fpwJ vd
mUs;kiw Fh;Md; Rl;bf; fhl;LfpwJ.

,ul;il rNfhjhpfs; - Xh; cjhuzk;:

,ul;ilg; gpwtpahd rNfhjhpfs; - ,uz;L NgUk; mofpYk; rkkhdth;fs;. filj;njUtpy;

ele;J Nghfpwhh;fs; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;. mjpy; xUth; Kw;wpYk; ,];yhkpa
Kiwapy; Mil mzpe;jtuhf nry;fpwhh;. mjhtJ jdJ Kfk; - kw;Wk; jdJ ,uz;L
iffs; khj;jpuk; fuz;il tiuapy; ntspapy; njhpAk;gb jdJ KO cliyAk; kiwj;J
Mil mzpe;jtuhf ele;J nry;fpwhh;. kw;wth; Nkw;fj;jpa fyhr;rhu Kiwg;gb xU
Fl;ilg;ghthilNah my;yJ miuf;fhw; rl;ilNah mzpe;J nry;fpwhh; vd itj;Jf;
nfhs;Sq;fs;. filj; njUtpy; ngz;fis Nfyp nra;tjw;fhfNt epw;Fk; fhypfs; ahiu
NfypAk; - fpz;lYk; nra;thh;fs;? ,];yhkpa Kiwapy; Mil mzpe;J nry;gtiuah?
my;yJ Fl;ilg;ghthil my;yJ miuf;fhw; rl;il mzpe;J nry;gtiuah? fz;bg;ghf

14
Fl;ilg;ghthil my;yJ miuf;fhw; rl;il mzpe;J nry;gth;jhd; NfypAk; fpz;lYf;Fk;
cs;shthh;. Nkw;gb tifahd Milfs; Mz;ghyiu NfypAk; fpz;lYk; - njhy;iyfSk;
nra;aitg;gjw;fhd kiwKfkhd miog;NgahFk;. vdNtjhd; ,];yhkpa Mil Kiw
fz;bg;ghf ngz;fs; njhy;iyfs; nra;ag;gLtij jtph;f;fpwJ vd;W mUs;kiw FHMd;
Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

7. ty;YwT nfhs;NthUf;F (ghypay; gyhj;fhuk;) kuz jz;lid.

,];yhkpa rl;lj;jpd;gb xU kdpjd; xU ngz;NzhL ty;YwT nfhz;ljhf

ep&gpf;fg;gl;lhy; - mtDf;F kuz jz;lid toq;f Ntz;Lk;. kuz jz;lid vd;w
thh;j;ijia Nfl;lTld; gyh; mjph;r;rpAWfpd;wdh;. rpyh; ,];yhk; fUizapy;yhj -
fhl;Lkpuhz;bj;jdkhd khh;f;fk; vd;nwy;yhk; tpkh;rpf;f Muk;gpj;J tpLfpd;wdh;. ,];yhk;
my;yhj rNfhjuh;fis ehd; xU rpwpa Nfs;tpia Nfl;bUf;fpNwd;. jq;fSila
kidtpAlNdh - my;yJ jq;fsJ rNfhjhpAlNdh my;yJ jq;fsJ jhAlNdh xUtd;
ty;YwT (mt;thW elf;fhky; my;yh`; ghJfhg;ghdhf!) nfhz;L tpl;lhd; vd;W itj;Jf;
nfhs;Sq;fs;. tof;fhL kd;wj;jpy; ty;YwT nfhz;ltDf;F - jPh;g;G toq;ff; $ba
ePjpgjpahf jhq;fs; ,Uf;fpwPh;fs; vd;Wk; itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. jhq;fs; ty;YwT
nfhz;ltDf;F vd;d jz;liz toq;FtPh;fs;? ehd; Nfs;tp Nfl;l Nfs;tpf;F ,];yhk;
my;yhj rNfhjuh;fs; vy;NyhUk; mspj;j gjpy; vd;dntd;why; ty;YwT nfhz;ltDf;F
kuz jz;lidNaj; jUNthk; vd;gJjhd;. mjpy; ,d;Dk; rpyh; - ty;YwT nfhz;ltd;
kuzpf;Fk;tiu rpj;utij nra;J nfhy;Nthk; vd;Wk; nrhd;dhh;fs;. mth;fsplk; ehd;
Nfl;Fk; ,d;ndhU Nfs;tp - ahuhtJ xUtd; cq;fsJ cwTfNshL - ty;YwT nfhz;L
tpl;lhy; - kuz jz;lid nfhLf;f tpUk;Gk; ePq;fs; - NtW ahNuh xUthpd; kidtpNah -
rNfhjhpNah - my;yJ jhNah ty;YwT nfhs;sg;gl;L - ty;YwT nfhz;ltDf;F kuz
jz;lid toq;fg;gl;lhy; khj;jpuk; mjid fhl;Lkpuhz;bj;jdk; vd;fpwPh;fNs> Vd;? Vd;
,e;j ,ul;il epiyg;ghL?

8.Nkw;fj;jpa r%fk; ngz;zbikj;jdj;ij xopj;J tpl;ljhf jtwhd fUj;ij

nfhz;Ls;sJ.

Nkw;fj;jpa ehLfs; nrhy;Yk; ngz; tpLjiy vd;gJ - ngz;fspd; cliy gad;

gLj;jpf;nfhs;tjw;Fk; - ngz;fspd; Md;khf;fis nfhr;irg; gLj;jtjw;Fk; - ngz;fspd;
nfsutj;ij ,of;fr; nra;aTk; - Nkiy ehl;bdh; mzpe;jpUf;Fk; khWNtlNkj; jtpu
Ntwpy;iy. Nkw;fj;jpa cyfk; - r%fj;jpy; ngz;fspd; epiyia cah;j;jptpl;ljhf
$wpf;nfhs;fpwhh;fs;. cz;ikapy; ngz;fspd; cah;thd epiy vd;gJ - ngz;fis
Nghfg;nghUshf gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;sTk; - mth;fis r%fj;jpd; fhl;rpg;nghUshf
khw;WtijANk - ngz;tpLjiy vd;fpwhh;fs;. “'fiy" kw;Wk; “'fyhr;rhuk;" vd;fpw ngahpy;
tz;zj;jpiufspy; tpahghhpfs; jq;fspd; nghUl;fis tpw;gjw;F ngz;fis xU fUtpahf
gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tijj;jhd; ngz; tpLjiy vd;fpwhh;fs;.

9. mnkhpf;fhtpy;jhd; cyfj;jpNyNa mjpf mstpyhd ty;YwT Fw;wq;fs; epfo;fpd;wd.

cyfpy; cs;s ehLfspy; mnkhpf;fhjhd; Kw;wpYk; ehfhPfkile;j ehlhf fUjg;gLfpwJ.

mNj mnkhpf;fhtpy;jhd; cyfj;jpNyNa mjpf mstpyhd ty;YwT Fw;wq;fs; epfo;fpd;wd.
1990 Mk; Mz;by; - mnkhpf;fhtpy; ehs; xd;Wf;F ruhrhpahf 1756 ty;YwT Fw;wq;fs;
epfo;e;jjhf me;j ehl;bd; csTj;Jiwahd v/g;. gp. I. apd; mwpf;if nrhy;fpwJ.
gpd;dh; ruhrhpahf ehs; xd;Wf;F 1900 ty;YwT Fw;wq;fs; epfo;e;jhf kw;nwhU mwpf;if
nrhy;fpwJ. Fw;wk; epfo;e;j Mz;L Fwpg;gplg; gltpy;iy. me;j Mz;L - 1992 my;yJ 1993
Mf ,Uf;fyhk;. gpwF te;j Mz;Lfspy; mnkhpf;fh;fs; ,d;Dk; “'jPtpukhf" ty;YwT
Fw;wq;fspy; <Lgl;bUf;fyhk;.

15
mnkhpf;fhtpy; ,];yhkpa “'`p[hg;" Kiw eilKiwgLj;jg;gl;bUg;gjhf fw;gid nra;J
ghUq;fs;. xU Mz; xU ngz;iz ghh;f;Fk; nghOJ mtdJ vz;zj;jpy; ehzkw;w
my;yJ ntl;fkpy;yhj vz;zk; Njhd;Wkhapd; - mth; jdJ ghh;itia jho;j;jpf;
nfhz;bUg;ghh;. mnkhpf;fhtpd; xt;nthU ngz;Zk; Kfk; kw;Wk; jdJ iffspd; fuz;il
tiu kl;Lk; njhpAk;gb - kw;WKs;s clypd; midj;J ghfq;fSk; kiwf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;
,];yhkpa Mil Kiwia gpd;gw;wp ,Ug;ghh;fs;. ,jw;F gpwFk; xU kdpjd; ty;YwT
Fw;wj;jpy; <LgLthd; vdpy; - mtDf;F kuz jz;lid vd;w epiy gpd;gw;w gl;bUf;Fk;.
Nkw;fz;lthW ,];yhkpa Mil Kiw mnkhpf;fhtpy; eilKiw gLj;jg;gl;lhy; -
mnkhpf;fhtpy; ty;YwT Fw;wq;fs; mjpfhpf;Fkh? my;yJ Kd;dh; ,Ue;jJ Nghd;w mNj
epiyapy; ,Uf;Fkh? my;yJ FiwAkh?.

10. ,];yhkpa rl;ljpl;lq;fs; eilKiw gLj;jg;gl;lhy; - ty;YwT Fw;wk; fz;bg;ghf

FiwAk;.

,];yhkpa rl;ljpl;lq;fs; eilKiw gLj;jg;gl;lhy; - J}a;ikahd rKjhak; miktij

vtuhYk; jtph;f;f KbahJ. mnkhpf;fhthf ,Uf;fl;Lk; - INuhg;ghthf ,Uf;fl;Lk; -
my;yJ cyfpy; ve;j ehlhf ,Ue;jhYk;> vq;nfy;yhk; ,];yhkpa rl;lj; jpl;lq;fs;
eilKiw gLj;jg;gLfpwNjh - mq;Fs;s kf;fs; epk;kjpahf tho;thh;fs;. vdNt ,];yhkpa
Mil Kiw ngz;fis ,opTgLj;Jtjpy;iy. khwhf ngz;fspd; khdj;ijAk; - fw;igAk;
fhg;ghw;wp mth;fis r%fj;jpy; me;j];J cs;sth;fshf khw;WfpwJ.

Nfs;tp vz;: 4
,];yhk; thshy; gug;gg;gl;l khh;f;fkhf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ> mJ mikjpahd khh;f;fk; vd;W
miof;fg;gLtJ vg;gb nghUe;Jk;?.

gjpy;:
,];yhk; thshy; gug;gg;gl;bUf;fhky; ,Ue;jhy; - cyfk; KOtjpYk; ,];yhj;jpw;F
Mjuthf ,j;jid Nfhbf;fzf;fhdth;fs; ,Ue;jpUf;f khl;lhh;fs; vd;gJ rpy khw;W
kjj;jth;fs; ,];yhj;jpw;F vjpuhf vLj;J itf;Fk; nghJthd Fw;wr;rhl;L. ,];yhk;
thshy; gug;gg;gl;l khh;f;fky;y. khwhf ,];yhk; ,aw;ifahd> mwpTG+h;tkhd khh;f;fk;.
,];yhk; fhuzfhhpaq;fSld; gpur;idfSf;F jPh;T toq;ff;$ba khh;f;fk; vd;gjhy;jhd;
cyfpy; tpiuthf NtW}d;wpaJ vd;gij ehd; NkYk; vLj;J itf;f NghFk; tpguq;fs;
%yk; ePq;fs; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s KbAk;.

1. ,];yhk; vd;why; mikjp vd;W nghUs;

,];yhk; vd;w thh;j;ij “']yhk;" vd;w mugp %y thh;j;ijapypUe;J ngwg;gl;lJ. ']yhk;"

vd;why; mikjp vd;W nghUs;. ]yhk; vd;w mugp thh;j;ijf;F xUtUila tpUg;gk;
midj;ijAk; ,iwtDf;fhfNt tpUk;GtJ vd;w kw;nwhU nghUSk; cz;L. ,t;thW
,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; vd;gJ mikjpahd khh;f;fkhFk;.

2. rpy Ntisfspy; mikjpia epiyehl;l eph;g;ge;jk; mtrpakhfpwJ.

cyfpy; cs;s xt;nthU kdpjUk; mikjpiaAk; - ,zf;fj;ijAk; eilKiwg;gLj;j

Mjhuthf ,Ug;gjpy;iy. cyfpy; cs;sth;fspy; rpyh; jq;fsJ Rayhgk; fUjp - Fog;gk;
tpistpg;gijNa tpUk;Gfpd;wdh;. ,J Nghd;w Ntisfspy; - cyfpy; mikjpia epiyehl;l
Ntz;ba fl;lhak; Vw;gLfpwJ. vdNtjhd; mikjpia epiyehl;lTk; - rKjha vjphpfis
mlf;fTk; - Fw;wthspfis jz;bf;fTk; fhty;Jiw vd;w mikg;G cyfpy; cs;s
midj;J ehLfspYk; cs;sJ. ,];yhk; mikjpia tpUk;Gk; mNj Ntisapy;> vq;nfy;yhk;
mepahak; elf;fpd;wNjh - me;j mepahaq;fis vjph;j;J ,];yhkpah;fis Nghuhl
typAWj;JfpwJ. mepahaj;ij vjph;j;J Nghuhl Ntz;ba Neuq;fspy; - eph;g;ge;jk;

16
mtrpakhfpwJ. mikjpiaAk; - ePjpiaAk; epiy ehl;l khj;jpuNk eph;g;ge;jpf;fyhk; vd
,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; mDkjpaspf;fpwJ.

3. tuyhw;W Mrphpah; b.Nyrp X.ypahp ( De Lacy O’Leary) apd; fUj;J.

,];yhk; thshy; gug;gg;gl;l khh;f;fk; vd;gJ jtwhd fUj;J vd;gij eP&gpf;f -gpugy
tuyhw;W Mrphpah; b.Nyrp X"ypahp ( De Lacy O’Leary) vOjpa “',];yhk; fle;J te;j ghij"
(Islam At The Cross Road) vd;w Gj;jfj;jpd; 8tJ gf;fj;jpy; mth; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s fUj;J
rhpahdjhf ,Uf;Fk; vd;W fUJfpNwd;.

',];yhk; thshy; gug;gg;gl;l khh;f;fk; vd;w fUj;J kPz;Lk; - kPz;Lk; cyfpw;F njhptpf;fg;
gl;Lf; nfhz;bUg;gJ - tuyhw;W Mrphpah;fshy; cUthf;fg;gl;lf; fl;Lf;fijNaad;wp>
Ntnwhd;Wk; ,y;iy vd;gij njspthd tuyhW ekf;F Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ."

4. ];ngapd; ehl;by; ,];yhkpa Ml;rp 800 Mz;Lfshf ,Ue;jJ.

];ngapd; ehl;il ,];yhkpah;fs; 800 Mz;Lfshf murhl;rp nra;jdh;. ];ngapd; ehl;L

K];ypk;fs; vtUk; - ];ngapd; ehl;by; cs;s khw;W kjj;jtiu ,];yhkpa khh;f;fj;jpw;F
khwr; nrhy;yp ths; nfhz;L eph;g;ge;jpf;ftpy;iy. Mdhy; gpd;dhy; te;j fpwp];jth;fs;
rpYitg; Nghh; vd;w ngahpy; ];ngapdpy; cs;s K];ypk;fs; midtiuAk; mopj;jdh;.
,d;iwf;F ];ngapdpy; njhOiff;F miof;fntd xU K];ypk; $l ,y;iy.

5. mNugpah;fspy; 1 NfhbNa 40 yl;rk; Ngh; jiyKiw fpwp];Jth;fs;. (Coptic Christians).

fle;j 1400 Mz;Lfshf muG jPgfw;gj;ij ,];yhkpah;fs; Mz;L tUfpd;wdh;. ,ilapy;

rpy Mz;Lfs; - gphpl;b\;fhuh;fSk; - rpy Mz;Lfs; gpnuQ;Rfhuh;fSk; muG jPgfw;gj;ij
Mz;ldh;. Mdhy; nkhj;;jj;jpy; 1400 Mz;Lfshf muG jPgfw;gj;ij ,];yhkpah;fNs Ml;rp
nra;J tUfpd;whh;fs;. ,Ug;gpDk; - ,d;W $l - 1NfhbNa 40 yl;rk; Ngh; jiyKiw
fpwp];Jth;fs;. (Coptic Christians). ,];yhkpah;fs; thisf; nfhz;L eph;g;ge;jpj;J ,Ue;jhy;
- ,d;iwf;F muG jPgfw;gj;jpy; xUth; $l fpwp];Jtuhf ,Uf;f khl;lhh;. midtUk;
K];ypkhfj;jhd; ,Ue;jpUg;gh;.

6. ,e;jpa kf;fs; njhifapy; vz;gJ rjtPj kf;fs; K];ypk; my;yhNjhh;fNs!.

,e;jpahtpy; ,];yhkpah;fs; Mapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Nkyhf Ml;rp nra;jdh;. mth;fs;

tpUk;gpapUe;jhy; - K];ypk; my;yhNjhh;fis - jq;fsJ Ml;rp gyk; kw;Wk; gil gyk;
nfhz;L ,];yhkpah;fshf khw;wpapUf;f KbAk;. Mdhy; ,d;iwf;F ,e;jpahtpd; kf;fs;
njhifapy; vz;gJ rjtPjk; Ngh; K];ypk; my;yhNjhh;fs;jhd;. ,d;iwf;F ,e;jpahtpy;
,Uf;Fk; z;gJ rjtPj K];ypk; my;yhNjhh;fNs - ,];yhk; thshy; gug;gg;gl;l khh;f;fk;
my;y vd;gjw;F rhl;rpfshth;.

7. ,e;NjhNd\pahTk; - kNyrpahTk;.

,d;iwf;F cyfpy; cs;s ehLfspy; ,e;NjhNd\pahTk; - kNyrpahTk;jhd; mjpfkhd

K];ypk;fis nfhz;Ls;s ehLfs;. ve;j ,];yhkpa gilfs; ,e;NjhNd\pahtpw;Fk; -
kNyrpahTf;Fk; nrd;W mth;fis K];ypk;fshf khw;wpd?.

8. Mg;gphpf;fhtpd; fpof;F flw;fiuNahug; gFjpfs;

mNj Nghd;W Mg;gphpf;fhtpd; fpof;F flw;fiuNahug; gFjpfspy; ,];yhk; Jhpjkhf gutp

,Uf;fpwJ. ve;j ,];yhkpa gilfs; Mg;gphpf;fhtpd; fpof;F flw;fiuNahug; gFjpfSf;F
nrd;W mth;fis K];ypk;fshf khw;wpd?

17
9. ,];yhkpa khh;f;fj;jpy; eph;g;ge;jk; ,y;iy.

ve;j thshy; ,];yhk; gug;gg;gl;lJ?. mg;gb xU ths; ,Ue;jhYk; - ,];yhj;ij

gug;Gtjw;fhf me;j this ,];yhkpah;fs; gad;gLj;jpapUf;f KbahJ. Vnddpy;
fPo;f;fhZk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdk; mjid njspthfr; Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

'(,];yhkpa) khh;f;fj;jpy; (vt;tifahd) eph;g;ge;jKk; ,y;iy:

topNfl;bypUe;J Neh;top Kw;wpYk; (gphpe;J) njspthfptpl;lJ." (my;-Fh;Md; 02tJ
mj;jpahak; - 256tJ trdj;jpd; xU gFjp)

10. 'mwpTg+h;tkhd nfhs;if" vd;Dk; ths;:

'mwpTg+h;tkhd nfhs;if" vd;gJjhd; me;j ths;. kdpjh;fspd; vz;zq;fisAk; -

cs;sq;fisAk; nfhs;is nfhz;lJ mwpthh;e;j nfhs;if vd;w me;j ths;. mUs;kiw
Fh;Mdpd; 16tJ mj;jpahak; ]_uj;Jy; e`;y; d; 125tJ trdk; fPof;fz;lthW $WfpwJ.
'(egpNa!) ck; ,iwtdpd; ghijapy; (kf;fis) tpNtfj;JlDk;> mofpa
cgNjrj;ijf; nfhz;Lk; ePh; miog;gPuhf!. mth;fsplj;jpy; kpf mofpa
Kiwapy; ePh; jh;f;fpg;gPuhf!. nka;ahf ck; ,iwtd; mtd; topiatpl;Lj;
jtwpath;fisAk;> (mtd; topiar; rhh;e;J) Neh;top ngw;wth;fisAk; ed;F
mwpthd;."
11. 1934 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; 1984 Mk; Mz;Ltiu fle;j Ik;gJ Mz;Lfspy; cyf kjq;fspd;
tsh;r;rp.

fle;j Ik;gJ Mz;Lfspy; (1934 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; 1984 Mk; Mz;L tiu) cyfpy; cs;s
Kf;fpa kjq;fspd; tsh;r;rp gw;wpa Gs;sptpgj;ij 1986 Mk; Mz;L 'hPlh;]; il[];l;"
gj;jpf;ifapd; Mz;L kyuhd “'my;kdhf;" gj;jphpf;if ntspapl;bUe;jJ. Nkw;gb
Gs;sptpguj;ij cs;slf;fpa fl;Liu “'jp g;nsa;d; buj;" vd;w Mq;fpy gj;jphpf;ifapYk;
ntspahfpapUe;jJ. cyf kjq;fspy; mjpfkhd tsh;r;rp mile;J Kjyplj;ij
gpbj;jpUg;gJ ,];yhkpa khh;f;fNk. mjDila tsh;r;rp fle;j 50 Mz;Lfspy; 235
rjtPjkhf ,Ue;jJ. fpwp];Jt khh;f;fk; 47 rjtPj tsh;r;rp mile;jpUe;jJ. yl;rf;
fzf;fhdth;fis ,];yhj;jpw;F khw;w Ntz;b ,e;j E}w;whz;by; ve;j Nghh; ele;jJ?.

12. mnkhpf;fhtpYk; - INuhg;ghtpYk; ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; kpf Ntfkhf tsh;r;rp mile;J

tUfpwJ:

,d;W mnkhpf;fhtpy; kpf Ntfkhf tsh;r;rp mile;J tUk; khh;f;fk; ,];yhk;. mNj Nghy;
INuhg;ghtpYk; kpf Ntfkhf tsh;r;rp mile;J tUk; khh;f;fk; ,];yhk;. ve;j ths;
Nkw;fj;jpah;fis eph;g;ge;jg;gLj;jp> kpf mjpf mstpy; ,];yhj;jpy; ,izar; nra;jJ?.

13. lhf;lh; N[h]g; Mlk; gpah;]d;

'xUehs; muGyfj;jpd; ifapy; mZMAjk; nrd;W NrUk; vd;W

ftiyg;gLgth;fs;> egpfs; ehafk; (]y;) mth;fs; mugfj;jpy; gpwe;j md;Nw
,];yhk; vd;w mZFz;L ,e;j cyfj;jpy; Nghlg;gl;lhfp tpl;lJ vd;gij
czuj; jtwptpl;lhh;fs;" vd;W lhf;lh; N[h]g; Mlk; gpah;]d; rhpahfj;jhd; nrhd;dhh;.

Nfs;tp vz;: 5

18
K];ypk;fspy; gyh; mbg;gilthjpfshfTk; - gaq;futhjpfshfTk; ,Ug;gJ Vd;?.

gjpy;
cyf tp\aq;fs; gw;wp tpthjpf;Fk; nghOJk;> kjq;fis gw;wp tpthjpf;Fk; nghOJk;
NeubahfNth my;yJ kiwKfkhfNth> ,];yhkpah;fs; mbg;gilthjpfs; vd;Wk;>
jPtputhjpfs; vd;Wk; Rl;bf;fhl;lg; gLfpd;wdh;. ,];yhj;jpd; vjphpfs; cyfj;jpy; cs;s
vy;yh Clfq;fspd; thapyhfTk; ,];yhkpah;fis mbg;gilthjpfs; vd;Wk; jPtputhjpfs;
vd;Wk; jtwhf milahsk; fhz;gpg;gjpy; cWjpahf ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. Nkw;gb jtwhd jfty;
kw;Wk; jtwhd gpur;rhuk; - ,];yhkpah;fs; jhf;fg;gLtjw;Fk;> jtwhf tpkhprpf;fg;gLtjw;Fk;
fhuzq;fshf mike;J tpLfpd;wd. cjhuzj;jpw;F mnkhpf;fhtpd; xf;yfhkh efhpy;
ele;j ntb Fz;L tpgj;jpd; gpd;ddpapy; “kj;jpa fpof;F ehLfspd;> ifthpir ,Uf;fpwJ
vd mnkhpf;fhtpd; midj;J Clfq;fSk; Nghl;b Nghl;Lf;nfhz;L mwptpg;G nra;jd.
Mdhy; me;j ntbFz;L ntbf;f fhuzkhapUe;j Fw;wthsp mnkhpf;fhtpd; MAjg; giliar;
Nrh;e;j xUtd;jhd; vd;gJ> gpd;dh; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ.

mLj;J ,];yhkpah;fs; kPJ Rkj;jg;gLk;; “'mbg;gilthjk;" gw;wpAk; - “'jPtputhjk;" gw;wpAk;

ehk; Muha;Nthk;.

1. mbg;gilthjj;jpw;fhd tpsf;fk;:

jhd; rhh;e;jpUf;Fk; nfhs;ifia kd cWjpAld; gw;wpg; gpbj;J> me;j nfhs;ifia jd;

tho;f;ifapy; kpfr; rhpahf eilKiwgLj;JgtDf;F mbg;gilthjp vd;W ngah;.
cjhuzj;jpw;F kUj;Jth; xUth; rpwe;j kUj;Jth; vd ngah; ngw Ntz;Lnkdpy; - mth;
rhh;e;jpUf;Fk; kUj;Jt nfhs;ifapd; mbg;gilia mwpe;J - mwpe;j kUj;Jt nfhs;ifia
gpd;gw;wp - mij eilKiwf;Ff; nfhz;L te;jhy; mth; xU rpwe;j kUj;Jth; vd;W
miof;fg;gLthh;. NtW thh;j;ijapy; nrhy;tnjd;why; - kUj;JtJiwapy; mth; xU
mbg;gilthjp. fzpjj; Jiwapy; xUth; rpwe;j fzpj Nkij vd ngah; ngw Ntz;Lnkdpy;
- mth; rhh;e;jpUf;Fk; fzpjf; nfhs;ifapd; mbg;gilia mwpe;J - mth; mwpe;j fzpjf;
nfhs;ifia gpd;gw;wp - mij eilKiwf;Ff; nfhz;L te;jhy; mth; xU rpwe;j fzpj
Nkij vd;W miof;fg;gLthh;. NtW thh;j;ijapy; nrhy;tnjd;why; - fzpjj;Jiwapy; mth;
xU mbg;gilthjp. mwptpay; Jiwapy; xUth; rpwe;j mwptpay; Nkij vd ngah; ngw
Ntz;Lnkdpy; - mth; rhh;e;jpUf;Fk; mwptpay; nfhs;ifapd; mbg;gilia mwpe;J - mwpe;j
mwptpay; nfhs;ifia gpd;gw;wp - mij eilKiwf;Ff; nfhz;L te;jhy; mth; xU rpwe;j
mwptpay; Nkij vd;W miof;fg;gLthh;. NtW thh;j;ijapy; nrhy;tnjd;why; - mwptpay;
Jiwapy; mth; xU mbg;gilthjp.

2. vy;yh mbg;gilthjpfSk; xNu khjphpahdth;fs; my;y.

vy;yh mbg;gilthjpfSf;Fk; xNu th;zk; g+rf; $lhJ. vy;yh mbg;gilthjpfSk;

ey;yth;fs; vd;Nwh> my;yJ nfl;lth;fs; vd;Nwh tifg;gLj;j KbahJ. mth;fs;
rhh;e;jpUf;Fk; Jiw> my;yJ mth;fshy; nra;ag;gLk; nray; Mfpatw;iwf; nfhz;Nl
mth;fs; ey;y mbg;gilthjpah my;yJ nfl;l mbg;gilthjpah vd;gij tifg;gLj;j
Ntz;Lk;. nfhs;isabf;Fk; - rpwe;j nfhs;isf;fhud; rKjhaj;jpw;F jPq;F tpistpg;gjhy;
mtid xU nfl;l mbg;gilthjp vd;W nfhs;syhk;. mNj rkak; xU rpwe;j kUj;Jth;
rKjhaj;jpw;F gaDs;stuhf ,Ug;gjhy;> mth; xU ey;y mbg;gilthjp kUj;Jth; vd
nfhs;syhk;.

3. ehd; xU ,];yhkpa mbg;gilthjp vd;gjpy; ngUik nfhs;fpNwd;.:

,iwtdpd; khngUk; fpUigapdhy; - ehd; xU ,];yhkpa mbg;gilthjp. ,];yhj;jpd;

mbg;gil tpjpfis mwpe;J - mwpe;j tpjpfis gpd;gw;wp - me;j tpjpfis vdJ
tho;f;ifapYk; eilKiwgLj;JfpNwd;. xU cz;ikahd ,];yhkpad; jhd; xU

19
mbg;gilthjpahf ,Ug;gjpy; xUNghJk; ntl;fKw khl;lhd;. ehd; xU ,];yhkpa
mbg;gilthjp vd;gjpy; ngUik nfhs;fpNwd;. Vnddpy; - ,];yhj;jpd; mbg;gil
nfhs;iffs; midj;Jk; cyfk; KOtJKs;s kdpj Fyj;jpw;F gad; juf; $bait.
,];yhj;jpd; mbg;gil nfhs;iffs; vJTNk kdpj Fyj;jpw;F jPoq;fpiog;gitNah my;yJ
kdpj Fyj;jpw;F vjpuhditNah my;y. ,];yhj;jpd; nray;ghLfs; rhpahdit my;y>
khwhf jtwhdit vd;W VuhskhdNgh; ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wpa jtwhd vz;zq;fis
nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdh;. ,e;j jtwhd vz;zk; Vnddpy; - ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wp mth;fs;
miuFiwahf mwpe;J itj;jpUg;gNj fhuzkhFk;. ,];yhk; fw;Wj; jUk; ghlq;fis>
xUth; jpwe;j kdJlDk; - kpff; ftdj;NjhLk; gFj;jha;thh; vdpy; ,];yhk; jdp
kdpjDf;Fk; - nkhj;j kdpj rKjhaj;jpw;Fk; - KO gaDs;sJ vd;w cz;ikia
mwptjpypUe;J jtw KbahJ.

4. 'mbg;gilthjj;jpw;F" mfuhjp jUk; tpsf;fk;:

mbg;gilthjj;jpw;F ntg;];lh; bf;\;dhp jUk; tpsf;fk; vd;dntd;why; 'ghJfhf;Fk;

nfhs;ifia" (Protestanism) mbg;gilahf nfhz;L ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;bd; Muk;gj;jpy;
mnkhpf;fhtpy; Njhd;wpa ,af;fk; vd;gjhFk;. etPd ehfhPfj;ij vjph;j;Jk;> iggpspd;
nfhs;iffshd - ek;gpf;if kw;Wk; xOf;fq;fs; kl;Lky;yhJ - tuyhw;W cz;ikfisAk;
iggpsps; cs;sgbNa epiy epWj;j Ntz;bAk; Njhd;wpa ,af;fkhFk;. “flTshy; vOj;J
tbtpy; mUsg;gl;l fl;lisfNs iggps;> vd;w nfhs;iff;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;J
,aq;fp tUk; ,af;fkhFk;. vdNt Muk;g fhyq;fspy; mbg;gilthjk; vd;why;
Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l nfhs;iffis mbg;gilahf nfhz;L ,aq;fp te;j ,af;fk; vd;W nghUs;
nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

mbg;gilthjj;jpw;F Mf;];Nghh;L bf;\;dhp jUk; tpsf;fk; vd;dntdpy; “kjq;fspd;

njhd;ikahd my;yJ mbg;gilahd Nfhl;ghLfis newp gpwohJ eilKiwgLj;JtJ -
Fwpg;ghf ',];yhkpa kj Nfhl;ghLfs;" vd;gjhFk;.

,d;iwf;F xU kdpjd; “'mbg;gilthjk;" vd;w thh;j;ijia cgNahfpf;Fk;NghJ clNd

mtdJ vz;zj;jpy; ,];yhkpad; - xU gaq;futhjpahf Njhd;wptpLfpwhd;.

5. xt;nthU ,];yhkpaDk; xU gaq;futhjpahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

xt;nthU ,];yhkpaDk; xU gaq;futhjpahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. gaj;Jf;F fhuzkhdtd;

gaq;futhjp. fhty;Jiwia ghh;j;jTld; nfhs;isabg;gth;fs; gag;gLfpd;wdh;. vdNt
nfhs;isaUf;F fhty; Jiwapdh; gaq;futhjpfs;. mNjNghy jpUl;L> nfhs;is> kw;Wk;
ty;YwT Nghd;w r%ff; Fw;wq;fisr; nra;Ak; xt;nthU Fw;wthspf;Fk; - xt;nthU
,];yhkpaDk; Xh; gaq;futhjpahf Njhd;w Ntz;Lk;. r%ff; Fw;wthspfs; - xU
,];yhkpaid fhZk;Nghnjy;yhk;> gag;glNtz;Lk;. rKjhaj;jpy; kdpjh;fSf;F kj;jpapy;
jPq;F ,iog;gtDf;F gaq;futhjp vd;w thh;j;ij gad;gLj;jg;gLtJ cz;ik. Mdhy;
xU cz;ikahd K];ypk;> rKjhaj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;lth;fSf;F - mjhtJ r%ff;
Fw;wthspfSf;F - khj;jpuk; gaq;futhjpahf Njhd;w Ntz;LNk jtpu> rKjhaj;jpd; mg;ghtp
nghJkf;fSf;F my;y. khwhf xU ,];yhkpad; - mg;ghtp nghJkf;fSf;F kj;jpapy;
mikjpia epiyehl;Lgtdhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

6. kdpjh;fs; nra;fpw xNu tifahd nraYf;F - “'gaq;futhjpfs;" vd;Wk; “'tpLjiyg;

Nghuhl;l tPuh;fs;" vd;Wk; ,uz;L tifahd Kj;jpiufs;.

nts;isah;fshy; Msg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;j ,e;jpah Rje;jpuk; ngWtjw;F Kd;dhy; -

,e;jpa Rje;jpuj;jpw;fhfg; Nghuhbath;fis gaq;futhjpfs; vd gphpl;b\; murhq;fk; Kj;jpiu
Fj;jpaJ. Mdhy; mNj tPuh;fs;> ,e;jpah;fshy; - Rje;jpu Nghuhl;l tPuh;fs; vd miof;fg;
gl;lhh;fs;. ,t;thW xNu tifahd kdpjh;fs; - mth;fs; nra;j xNu tifahd

20
nraYf;F ,uz;L tifahd Kj;jpiufs; Fj;jg;gl;lhh;fs;. mth;fs; “'gaq;futhjpfs;"
vd;W xU jug;gpduhYk; - 'Rje;jpug; Nghuhl;l tPuh;fs;" vd;W kW jug;gpduhYk;
miof;fg;gl;lhh;fs;. ,e;jpahit Ms gphpl;b\;f;F chpik ,Uf;fpwJ vd;w fUj;ijf;
nfhz;lth;fs;> mth;fis “'gaq;futhjpfs;" vd;W mioj;jdh;. ,e;jpahit Ms
gphpl;b\;f;F chpik ,y;iy vd;w fUj;ijf; nfhz;lth;fs;> mth;fis “'Rje;jpug;
Nghuhl;l tPuh;fs;" vd;W mioj;jdh;.

vdNt xU kdpjidg; gw;wp xU KbTf;F tUtjw;F Kd;dhy; - mtdJ fUj;ijAk;

mwptJ mtrpak;. ,uz;L jug;GfSk; jPu tprhhpf;fg;gl;L - tprhuizapd; KbTfs; myrp
Muhag;gl;L - mjw;fhd fhuz fhhpaq;fs; kw;Wk; nraYf;fhd Nehf;fk; midj;ijAk;
mwpe;j gpd;Gjhd;> me;j kdpjidg;gw;wp xU epiyahd ,Wjp KbTf;F tuNtz;Lk;.

7. ,];yhk; vd;why; mikjp vd;W nghUs;.

',];yhk;" vd;w thh;j;ij “']yhk;" vd;w mugp %y thh;j;ijapypUe;J ngwg;gl;lJ.
]yhk; vd;why; mikjp vd;W nghUs;. ,];yhj;jpd; mbg;gil nfhs;iffs; - ,];yhj;ij
gpd;gw;WNthh; mikjpia filgpbf;FkhW Nghjpg;gJld;> cyfk; KOtJk; mikjpia epiy
ehl;LkhWk; Nghjpf;fpwJ.

,];yhj;jpd; mbg;gil nfhs;ifahk; mikjpia filgpbg;gjpy; xt;nthU ,];yhkpaDk; xU

mbg;gilthjpNa. rKjhaj;jpy; mikjpiaAk; - ePjpiaAk; epiyehl;Ljy; Ntz;b - xt;nthU
,];yhkpaDk; - rKjhaf; nfhLikfSf;F vjpuhd xU jPtputhjpahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

Nfs;tp vz;: 6.

fhy;eilfis nfhy;tJ ,uf;fkw;w nray;. Mdhy; ,];yhkpah;fs; me;j fhy;eilfis

,uf;fkw;w Kiwapy; nfhd;W> mjd; ,iwr;rpia cz;fpwhh;fNs. Vd;?.

gjpy;:

irt czT cz;gJ - ,d;W cyfk; KOtJk; gutptUk; ,af;fkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. ,e;j
,af;fq;fspy; gy> fhy;eilfSf;Fk; chpik cz;L vd;w nfhs;ifia nfhz;lit.
VuhskhdNgh; - khkprk; kw;Wk; kw;w Gyhy; czT cz;gJ vd;gJ fhy;eilfspd;
chpikfis gwpg;gjhFk; vd;fpw fUj;jpid nfhz;lth;fshf ,Uf;fpd;wdh;.

cyfpy; gilf;fg;gl;l midj;J caphpdq;fs; kPJk; ,uf;fk; fhl;l Ntz;Lk; vd ,];yhk;

fl;lisapLfpwJ. mNj rkak; - my;yh`; ,e;j g+kpiag; gilj;J - mjpy; kdpj
gad;ghl;Lf;fhd fhy;eilfisAk; - jhtuq;fisAk; gilj;jpUf;fpwhd; - vd;gijAk; Rl;bf;
fhl;LfpwJ. my;yh`; gilj;jitfis> ek;kplk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;l nghUshfTk;>
mUl;nfhilahfTk; gad;gLj;jpf;nfhs;tJ kdpjdplk;jhd; ,Uf;fpwJ.

,e;j tpthjk; gw;wpa kw;w tpguq;fis Muha;Nthk;.

1. irt czT kl;Lk; cz;zf; $bath; $l ,];yhkpauhf ,Uf;f KbAk;.

irt czit njhlh;e;J cz;zf;$ba ,];yhkpad; xU ey;y ,];yhkpadhf ,Uf;f

KbAk;. mth; fz;bg;ghf mirt czTjhd; cl;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;w eph;g;ge;jk;
,];yhj;jpy; ,y;iy.

2. ,];yhkpah;fs; mirt czT cz;gjw;F mUs;kiw Fh;Md; mDkjp mspf;fpwJ.

,];yhkpah;fs; mirt czT cz;gjw;F mUs;kiw Fh;Md; mDkjp mspf;fpwJ. mUs;kiw

Fh;Mdpd; Ie;jhtJ mj;jpahakhd ]{uj;Jy; khapjhtpd; xd;whtJ trdk;>

21
'K/kPd;fNs! (ePq;fs; nra;J nfhz;l) cld;gbf;iffis (KOikahf
epiwNtw;Wq;fs;. cq;fs; kPJ Xjpf;fhl;b ,Ug;gitj; jtpu> kw;iwa ehw;fhy;
gpuhzpfs; cq;fSf;F (cztpw;fhf) MFkhf;fg; gl;Ls;sd." vd;gijr; Rl;bf;
fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

NkYk; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; 16tJ mj;jpahak; ]{j;Jd; e`;ypd; Ie;jhtJ trdk;>

'fhy;eilfisAk; mtNd gilj;jhd;. mtw;wpy; cq;fSf;Ff; fjfjg;G(s;s
MilazpfS)k; ,d;Dk; (gy) gyd;fSk; ,Uf;fpd;wd. mtw;wpypUe;J ePq;fs;
Grpf;fTk; nra;fpd;wPh;fs;." vdTk;>
mUs;kiw Fh;Md; 23tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jd; K/kpD}d; 21Mk; trdk;> 'epr;rakhf
cq;fSf;F gpuhzpfspy; xU gbg;gpid ,Uf;fpwJ. mtw;wpd; tapWfspypUe;J
(Ruf;Fk; ghiy) ehk; cq;fSf;Fg; Gfl;LfpNwhk;. ,d;Dk; mtw;wpy;
cq;fSf;F mNef gad;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. mtw;wp(d; khkprj;jp)ypUe;J ePq;fs;
Grpf;fpwPh;fs;." vdTk; fhy;eilfspd; gad; gw;wp kdpjh;fSf;Fr; Rl;bf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
3. khkprk; Gujr;rj;Jk; - GNuhl;BDk; mlq;fpa Xh; KO czthFk;.

clYf;Fj; Njitahd KO GNuhl;BidAk; ngWtjw;F khkprk; Xh; rpwe;j czthFk;.

khkprk; clypy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;glhj> Mdhy; clYf;Fj; Njitahd vl;Ltpjkhd mkpNyh
mkpyq;fSk; mlq;fpa czthFk;. khkprj;jpy; ,Uk;Gr; rj;J kw;Wk; itl;lkpd; gp1 kw;Wk;
epahrpd; Nghd;w rj;Jf;fSk; mlq;fpAs;sd.

4. khkpr czT cz;z $h;ikahd gw;fSk; - jhtu czT cz;z jl;ilahd

gw;fSk; nfhz;ltd; kdpjd;.

jhtu cz;zpfshd ML - khL - Nghd;w fhy;eilfis Muha;e;J ghh;j;jhy;> mitfs;

jhtu czT cz;Ztjw;F Vw;wthW jl;ilahd gw;fis khj;jpuk; nfhz;Ls;sij
mwpayhk;. mJNghy khkpr cz;zpfshd rpq;fk; - Gyp - rpWj;ij Nghd;iwitfis
Muha;e;J ghh;j;jhy;> mitfs; khkpr czT cz;Ztjw;F Vw;wthW $h;ikahd gw;fis
khj;jpuk; nfhz;Ls;sij mwpayhk;. mJ Nghy kdpjDila gw;fspd; mikg;ig Muha;e;J
ghh;j;jhy; - kdpjh;fs; khkpr czit cz;Ztjw;F Vw;wthW $h;ikahd gw;fisAk; -
jhtu tif czTfis - cz;Ztjw;F vw;wthW jl;ilahd gw;fisAk; nfhz;ltuhf
fhzyhk;. kdpjh;fs; jhtutif czTfis khj;jpuk;jhd; cz;z Ntz;Lk; vd;W
,iwtd; vz;zpapUe;jhy; - kdpjh;fis - ,iwtd;> khkpr czit cz;Ztjw;F
Vw;wthW $h;ikahd gw;fis nfhz;lth;fshf Vd; gilj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;? jhtu tif
czTld;> khkpr tif czitAk; cz;z Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nehf;fj;jpy;jhd; ,iwtd;
kdpjh;fSf;F $h;ikahd gw;fisAk;> jl;ilahd gw;fisAk; gilj;jpUf;fpwhd;.

5. kdpjdpd; nrhpkhd mikg;G khkpr tif czTfisAk;> jhtu tif czTfisAk;

nrhpkhdk; nra;tjw;F Vw;wjhf cs;sJ.

jhtu cz;zpfspd; nrhpkhd mikg;G - jhtu tif czTfis khj;jpuk; nrhpkhdk;

nra;tjw;F Vw;wthW mike;Js;sJ. mJNghy khkpr cz;zpfspd; nrhpkhd mikg;G
khkpr tif czTfis khj;jpuk; nrhpkhdk; nra;tjw;F Vw;wthW mike;Js;sJ. Mdhy;
kdpj nrhpkhd mikg;G khj;jpuk; khkpr tif czTfisAk;> jhtu tif czTfisAk;
nrhpkhdk; nra;tjw;F Vw;wjhf mike;Js;sJ. jhtutif czTfis khj;jpuk;jhd;
kdpjh;fs; cz;z Ntz;Lk; vd ,iwtd; ehbapUe;jhy;> khkpr tif czTfisAk;>
jhtu tif czTfisAk; nrhpkhdk; nra;tjw;F Vw;wthWs;s nrhpkhd mikg;ig Vd;
gilj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;?

22
5. ,e;J Ntjq;fs; khkpr czT cz;gjw;F mDkjp mspj;jpUf;fpwJ.

,e;Jf;fspy; ngUk;ghyhNdhh; Kw;wpYk; khkpr czT cz;zhjth;fshf ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;.

khkpr czT cz;gJ mth;fspd; kjf; Nfhl;ghLfSf;F vjpuhdJ vd;W fUJfpwhh;fs;.
Mdhy; cz;ik vd;dntdpy; - ,e;Jf;fs; khkpr czT cz;gjw;F mth;fspd; Ntjq;fs;
mDkjpaspj;Js;sd. ,e;J rhkpahh;fs; khkpr czT cl;nfhz;ljhf ,e;Jf;fspd;
Ntjq;fs; $Wfpd;wd.

,e;Jf;fspd; rl;l Gj;jfkhd kD rh];jpuj;jpd; Ie;jhtJ mj;jpahak; Kg;gjhtJ trdk;

fPof;fz;lthW $WfpwJ:

'czT cl;nfhs;gth; - khkpr czT cl;nfhs;thuhapd; - mth; cz;Zk; khkpr czT

mtUf;F ve;j nfLjpAk; mspg;gjpy;iy. ve;ehSk; khkpr czit cl;nfhz;lhYk; rhpNa.
Vnddpy; rpy gilg;Gfis cz;gjw;fhfTk; - rpy gilg;Gfis cz;zg;gLtjw;fhfTk;;
gilj;jtd; flTNs."

kD rh];jpuj;jpd; Ie;jhtJ mj;jpahak; Kg;gj;J xd;whtJ trdk; fPof;fz;lthW

$WfpwJ:

'khkpr czT cz;gJk; - rhpahd jpahfNk. ,J kuG hPjpahf mwpag;gl;L tUk; flTspd;
fl;lisahFk;."

NkYk; kD rh];jpuj;jpd; Ie;jhtJ mj;jpahak; Kg;gj;J xd;gjhtJ trdKk;> ehw;gjhtJ

trdKk; fPof;fz;lthW $WfpwJ:

'gypapLtjw;nfd flTs; rpy fhy;eilfis gilj;jpUf;fpd;whd;. vdNt gypapLtjw;fhf

fhy;eilfis mWg;gJ vd;gJ - fhy;eilfis nfhy;tJ MfhJ."

,t;thW ,e;J kj Ntjq;fSk; - rh];jpuq;fSk; - ,e;Jf;fs; khkpr czT cz;zTk; -

czTf;fhf fhy;eilfis nfhy;yTk; mDkjpaspj;jpUf;fpwJ.

7. ,e;Jj;Jtk; - kw;w kjq;fspd; gof;f tof;fq;fshy; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,e;J kj Ntjq;fs; ,e;Jf;fs; mirt czT cz;gjw;F mDkjp mspj;jpUe;j NghjpYk;>

ngUk;ghd;ikahd ,e;Jf;fs; khkpr czT cz;zhky; - irt czT kl;LNk
cl;nfhs;fpwth;fshf ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. ,jw;F fhuzk; mirt czT cl;nfhs;shj i[d
kjf; nfhs;ifapd; ghjpg;G ,e;J kjj;jpYk; Vw;g;gl;bUg;gjhy; jhd;.

8. jhtu tiffSf;Fk; caph; cz;L.

ngUk;ghd;ikahd kjq;fisr; rhh;e;jth;fs; mirt czT cz;zhky; ,Ug;gjw;F

fhuzk; - mth;fspd; kjq;fs; czTf;fhff; $l caph;fisf; nfhy;tJ ghtk; vd;w
nfhs;ifia Nghjpg;gitfshf ,Ug;gjhy;jhd;. xU capiuf;$l nfhy;yhky; xU kdpjd;
caph;tho KbAk; vdpy; - Nkw;gb nfhs;ifia filgpbf;Fk; kdpjh;fspy; Kjyhtjhf
,Ug;gJ ehdhfj;jhd; ,Uf;Fk;. Ke;ija fhyq;fspy; jhtuq;fSf;F caph; ,y;iy vd
kdpjh;fs; ek;gpf;if nfhz;bUe;jhh;fs;. Mdhy; ,d;iwa mwptpay; Afj;jpy; -
jhtuq;fSf;Fk; caph; cz;L vd;gJ mfpyk; KOtJk; mwpe;j tp\ak;. vdNt irt
czT cz;Zgth;fshf ,Ue;jhYk; caph;fis nfhy;yhky; ,Ug;gJ vd;gJ rhj;jpaf;
$W my;y vd;w fUj;ij tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s KbAk;.

23
7. jhtuq;fshYk; typia czu KbAk;:

jhtuq;fshy; typia czu KbahJ. vdNt jhtuq;fis nfhy;tJ - capUs;s

gpuhzpfis nfhy;tijtpl - Fiwe;j ghtk;jhd; vd rpyh; thjplf; $Lk;. ,d;iwa
mwptpay; - jhtuq;fSk; typia czu KbAk; vd;W ekf;Ff; fw;Wj; jUfpwJ. 20 Hertz f;F
Fiwthd rg;jj;ijAk; 20>000 Hertz f;F Nkw;gl;;l rg;jj;ijAk; kdpjdhy; Nfl;f Kbahj
fhuzj;jhy;> jhtuq;fs; typapdhy; myWtij ehk; mwpa KbahJ. mnkhpf;fhtpy; cs;s
tptrhap xUth; Muha;r;rp nra;J> jhtuq;fs; myWtij - kdpjh;fs; Nfl;Fk; msTf;F
khw;wf;$ba fUtp xd;wpid fz;L gpbj;jpUf;fpwhh;. Nkw;gb fUtpapd; %yk; jhtuq;fs;
jz;zPUf;fhf myWtij kdpjh;fshy; Nfl;f KbAk;. gpd;dhy; te;j NtW rpy
Muha;r;rpahsh;fs; jhtuq;fSk; - kfpo;r;rp - tUj;jk; Nghd;w czh;Tfis ntspg;gLj;Jk;
Mw;wiy nfhz;lit vd;Wk; fz;L gpbj;Js;sdh;. ,t;thW jhtuq;fSk; typia czuf;
$bait. kfpo;r;rp> tUj;jk; Nghd;w czh;Tfis ntspg;gLj;jf; $ba Mw;wiy
nfhz;lit vd;gij mwptpay; cz;ikfs; ekf;F mwptpf;fpd;wd.

8. ,uz;L my;yJ %d;W Gyd;fis nfhz;L caph;thof;$baitfis nfhy;tJ vd;gJ

Fiwe;j ghtk; nra;tJ MfhJ.

xUKiw - xU irt czT cl;nfhs;gth; - vd;NdhL thjpLk;NghJ nrhd;dhh; -

kpUfq;fs; Ie;jwpT nfhz;lit. Mdhy; jhtuq;fs; - ,uz;L - my;yJ %d;W Gyd;fis
nfhz;litjhd;. vdNt czTf;fhf Ie;jwpTs;s fhy;eilfis nfhy;tijtpl -
,uz;L my;yJ Gyd;fis nfhz;l jhtuq;fis nfhy;tJ Fiwe;j ghtk; ,y;iyah
vd;W. xU cjhuzj;jpw;F cq;fsJ rNfhjuh; - gpwtpapNyNa nrtpl;L - Cikahf
,Uf;fpwhh;. mtiu kw;w kdpjh;fNshL xg;gpLk;NghJ mth; ,uz;L Mw;wy;fs; - Fiwthf
cs;sth;jhd;. tsh;e;J Mshd - cq;fsJ nrtpl;L Cik rNfhjuiu - xUth; nfhiy
nra;J tpl;lhh; - vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. cq;fsJ nrtpl;L Cik rNfhjuh;
,uz;L Mw;wy;fs; Fiwthf cs;sth; - MfNt nfhiyahspf;F - Fiwe;j jz;lid
je;jhy; NghJk; vd;W ePq;fs; ePjpgjpAld; thjhLtPh;fsh? khl;Bh;fs;. khwhf vd;d
nrhy;tPh;fs; - fhJ Nfshj - tha; Ngr Kbahj mg;ghtpia nfhd;wtUf;F ePjpkd;wk;
mjpf jz;lid nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wjhd; thjpLtPh;fs;.

9. fhy;eilfs; ngUFk;:

cyfpy; cs;s xt;nthUtUk; - irt czT khj;jpuk; cl;nfhs;gtuhf ,Ue;jhy; -

fhy;eilfspd; ngUf;fk; cyfj;jpy; mjpfhpf;Fk;. Vnddpy; fhy;eilfs; Ntfkhf ngUff;
$bait. jhd; gilj;j gilg;Gfis ,t;Tyfpy; vt;thW rkepiyapy; itj;jpUf;f
Ntz;Lk; vd;gij mwpe;jtd; my;yh`; xUtd;jhd;. vdNtjhd; kdpj th;f;fk; - khkpr
czT cl;nfhs;s my;yh`; mDkjp mspj;jpUf;fpwhd;.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ,uz;lhtJ mj;jpahak; ;]_uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 168 tJ trdk;

fPo;f;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ:

'kdpjh;fNs! g+kpapYs;s nghUl;fspy;> mDkjpf;fg;gl;ltw;iwAk;

ghpRj;jkhdtw;iwAk; cz;Zq;fs;." (mj;jpahak; 2 ]_uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 168tJ
trdk;).

24
Nfs;tp vz; - 7.

,];yhkpah;fs; fhy;eilfis - ,uf;fkw;w Kiwapy; rpj;jputij nra;J> fhy;eilfSf;F

Ntjid jUk; Kiwapy; mWf;fpwhh;fNs?. ,J rhpah?.

gjpy;:

']hgp`h" vd;wiof;fg;gLk; - ,];yhkpah;fs; fhy;eilfis mWf;Fk; tpjk; Fwpj;J kf;fspy;

nghUk;ghNyhhplkpUe;J tpkhprdq;fs; tUfpd;wd. ,e;j Nfs;tpf;F gjpyspf;Fk; Kd; -
Nkw;gb nghUs; Fwpj;J - xU rPf;fpaUf;Fk; - xU ,];yhkpaUf;Fk; ele;j ciuahliy
cq;fSf;F nrhy;yp tpLNwd;.

rPf;fpah; xUth; ,];yhkpaiug; ghh;j;J Nfl;lhh; - ''ehq;fs; fhy;eilfis mWf;Fk; NghJ -

mjd; gpd;Gw kz;ilapy; xNu NghL Nghl;L - nfhd;W tpLfpNwhhk;. mJNghy nra;ahky; -
ePq;fs; Vd; mitfspd; fOj;ij mWj;J - rpj;utij nra;J nfhy;fpwPh;fs;?""

Nkw;gb Nfs;tp Nfl;fg;gl;l ,];yhkpah; nrhd;dhh;: ''fhy;eilfis gpd;Gwk; ,Ue;J jhf;fpf;

nfhy;tjw;F cq;fisg; Nghy ehq;fs; xd;Wk; Nfhiofsy;y. ehq;fs; ijhparhypfs;.
mjdhy;jhd; Kd;gf;fkhf mjd; fOj;ij mWj;J nfhy;fpNwhk;"" vd;W.

Nkw;gb rk;gtk; Ntbf;ifahf ,Ue;jhYk; - ']hgp`h" vd;wiof;fg;gLk; - ,];yhkpah;fs;

fhy;eilfis mWf;Fk; tpjk;jhd; kdpjj;jd;ik cs;sJ kw;Wk; mwptpay; hPjpahf rpwe;j
Kiw vd;gij fPo;f;fhZk; tpguq;fs; ekf;F Gyg;gLj;Jk;:

1. ,];yhkpa Kiwapy; fhy;eilfis mWf;Fk; tpjk;.

mugpnkhopapy; “']f;fhj;" vd;why; “'J}a;ik" vd;w nghUs;. Nkw;gb nrhy;ypypUe;J

']f;fa;Jk;" (J}a;ikg;gLj;Jjy;) vd;w tpidr;nrhy; ngwg;gl;lJ. ,];yhkpa Kiwapy;
fhy;eilfis mWg;gjw;F> fPof;fhZk; epge;jidfs; G+h;j;jp nra;ag;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

a. fhy;eilfis mWf;f gad;gLk; fj;jp my;yJ ths; kpff; $h;ikahdjhf ,Uf;f

Ntz;Lk;. fhy;eilfs; kpff; $h;ikahd fj;jp my;yJ thshy; mWf;fg;gl
Ntz;Lk;. mWf;Fk; NghJ> fhy;eilfs; typia czuhjthW my;yJ kpff;
FiwthfNt typia czUkhW - kpf Ntfkhf mWf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

b. ']gp`h" vd;why; mugpnkhopapy; mWj;jy; vd;W nghUs;gLk;. Nkw;gb ,];yhkpa

Kiwapy; fhy;eilfis mWf;Fk;NghJ fOj;jpy; cs;s %r;Rf; FohAk;>
,uj;jf;FohAk; xNu rkaj;jpy; mWf;fg;gl;L - fhy;eilfis caphpof;fr; nra;a
Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW nra;Ak;NghJ fhy;eilfspd; euk;G kz;lyk;
Jz;bf;fg;glhky; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

c. mWf;fg;gl;l fhy;eilfspd; clypy; cs;s ,uj;jk; KOtJk; topAk;gbr; nra;a

Ntz;Lk;. ,uj;jk; KOtJk; tope;Njhlr; nra;tjd; Nehf;fk; - mWf;fg;gl;l
fhy;eilfspd; ,uj;jk; - ,uj;jf; Foha;fspy; jq;fp fpUkpfs; cUthfhky;
,Uf;f Ntz;bahFk;. fhy;eilfis mWf;Fk; NghJ jz;Ltlk;
Jz;bf;fg;glhky; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. jz;LtLk; Jz;bf;fg;gLtjhy; - ,jaj;jpw;F
nry;yf;$ba ,uj;j ehsq;fs; ghjpf;fg;gl;L - ,jak; epd;W Nghff; $ba epiy
cz;lhfyhk;. ,jdhy; ,jaj;jpy; cs; ,uj;jk; ,uj;j ehsq;fspy; jq;fptplf;
$Lk;.

25
 d. fpUkpfSk; - Neha;f;fpUkpfSk; cUthf fhuzkhf miktJ ,uj;jNk.
fpUkpfSk; - Neha;f;fpUkpfSk; cUthf fhuzkhf miktJ clypy; cs;s
,uj;jNk. ,];yhkpa Kiwapy; fhy;eilfis mWf;Fk;NghJ - fhy;ielfspd;
clypy; cs;s ,uj;jk; KOtJk; tope;Njhlr; nra;ag;gLtjhy; Neha;f;fpUkpfs;
cUthtjpy;iy.

e. ,];yhkpa Kiwapy; mWf;fg;gLk; fhy;eilfspd; ,iwr;rp eP;z;l Neuk; nfl;Lg;

Nghfhky; ,Uf;Fk;.

,];yhkpa Kiwapy; mWf;fg;gLk; ,iwr;rpapy; ,uj;jk; fye;J tplhky; ,Ug;gjhy;

- NtWtpjkhf nfhy;yg;gLk; fhy;eilfspd; ,iwr;rpiatpl ,];yhkpa Kiwapy;
mWf;fg;gLk; ,iwr;rp eP;z;l Neuk; nflhky; ,Uf;Fk;.

f. ,];yhkpa Kiwapy; fhy;eilfis mWf;Fk;NghJ - fhy;eilfs; typia

czh;tjpy;iy.
,];yhkpa Kiwapy; fhy;eilfs; mWf;fg;gLk;nghOJ - fhy;eilfspd; fOj;J
euk;Gfs; kpf Ntfkhf mWf;fg;gl;L typia %isf;Ff; flj;jpr; nry;yf;$ba
euk;G kz;lyk; Jz;bf;fg;gl;L tpLtjhy;> mWf;fg;gLk; fhy;eilfs; typia
czu;tjpy;iy. ,uj;jk; clypypUe;J ntspNaWtjhy; - clypy; cs;s
rijg;ghfq;fs; - ,uj;jk; ,d;wp RUq;fp tpLtjhy; Vw;gLk; khw;wj;jhy; jhd;
mWf;fg;gl;l kpUfq;fs; - Js;StjhfTk; - Jbg;gjhfTk; ekf;Fj; njhpfpd;wNjj;
jtpu typahy; my;y.

Nfs;tp vz; - 8.
kdpjd; vd;d cz;fpwhNdh - mjDila jhf;fk; mtdJ eltbf;iffspy; ntspg;gLk;
vd;gJ mwptpay; $w;W. mg;gb ,Uf;Fk;NghJ - ,];yhk; Gyhy; czT cz;z
mDkjpaspg;gJ vg;gb? Vnddpy;> Gyhy; czT cz;ZtJ kdpjid td;KiwahsdhfTk;
- %h;f;fkhdtdhfTk; khw;WNk vg;gb?.

gjpy;:
1. ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; - jhtu cz;zpfshd ML> khL> xl;lfk; Nghd;w fhy;ielfis
khj;jpuk;> kdpjh;fs; czthf cl;nfhs;s mDkjpaspj;Js;sJ.

kdpjd; vd;d cz;fpwhNdh - mjDila jhf;fk; mtdJ eltbf;iffspy; ntspg;gLk;

vd;gij ehd; Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpNwd;. vdNtjhd; ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; - khkpr cz;zpfshd
rpq;fk; - Gyp - rpWj;ij Nghd;w tpyq;fpdq;fis kdpjh;fs; czthf cl;nfhs;tij jil
nra;Js;sJ. Vnddpy; Nkw;gb tpyq;fpdq;fs; %h;f;f Fzk; nfhz;lit. Nkw;gb
tpyq;fpdq;fspd; ,iwr;rpia cz;gth;fs; %h;f;ff; Fzk; nfhz;lth;fshf khwyhk;.
mjdhy;jhd; ,];yhk; jhtu cz;zpfshd ML - khL - xl;lfk; Nghd;w gpuhzpfspd;
,iwr;rpia kdpjh;fs; czthf cl;nfhs;s mDkjpj;Js;sJ. Nkw;gb gpuhzpfs; -
mikjpahdJk; - gzpthdJk; MFk;. ,];yhkpah;fshd ehq;fs; - mikjpahd
gpuhzpfshd - ML - khL - xl;lfk; Nghd;witfis czthf cl;nfhs;fpNwhk;.
vdNtjhd; ehq;fs; mikjpia tpUk;Gfpwth;fshf ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk;.

2. mUs; kiw Fh;MDk; - egpfshhpd; nghd;nkhopAk; - nfl;l czT tiffis

cz;gij jil nra;Js;sJ.
'(egpahfpa) mth; ed;ikahd fhhpaq;fisr; nra;AkhW VTthh;. ghtkhd
fhhpaq;fspypUe;J tpyf;Fthh;. J}a;ikahd Mfhuq;fisNa mth;fSf;F
MFkhf;Fthh;. nfl;ltw;iw mth;fSf;Fj; jLj;JtpLthh;.." (my;-Fh;Md;
mj;jpahak; 07 - ]{uj;Jy; m/uhg; - 157tJ trdk;)

26
'NkYk; (ek;) J}jh; cq;fSf;F vijf; nfhLf;fpd;whNuh mij
vLj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;. ,d;Dk; vijtpl;Lk; cq;fis tpyf;Ffpd;whNuh mij
tpl;Lk; tpyfpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;." (my;-Fh;Md; mj;jpahak; 59 - ]{uj;Jy; `\;h; - 7tJ
trdk;)

rpy gpuhzpfspd; ,iwr;rpia kdpjh;fs; czthf cl;nfhs;s mDkjpaspj;jpUf;Fk;

my;yh`; - rpy gpuhzpfspd; ,iwr;rpia kdpjh;fs; czthf cl;nfhs;s jil
nra;jpUf;fpwhd; vd;gij xU ,];yhkpad; njhpe;J nfhs;s - egpfshhpd; nghd;nkhop xd;Nw
NghJkhdjhFk;.

3. khkprk; cz;Zk; gpuhzpfis kdpjh;fs; czthf cl;nfhs;sj; jil gw;wp egp

(]y;) mth;fs; mwptpj;j nra;jp :

K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mth;fs; mwptpj;jjhf ,g;D mg;gh]; (uyp) mth;fs; mwptpf;Fk; Nkw;gb
nra;jp ]`P`{y; G`hhp - ]`P`{y; K];ypk; (`jP]; vz; 4752) ]{dd; ,g;D kh[h
(`jP]; vz; - 3232 Kjy; 3234 tiu) Nghd;w `jP]; (nra;jp) E}y;fspy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sd.

m. khkprk; cz;zf;$ba> $hpa gw;fisAk; efq;fisAk; cila fhl;L tpyq;Ffshd -

rpq;fk;> Gyp> eha;> Xeha; Nghd;witfs;>
M. nfhwpj;Jj; jpz;zf;$ba gw;fis cila vyp> ngUr;rhyp> mzpy; Nghd;witfs;>
,. Ch;e;J jphpaf; $ba ghk;G> Kjiy Nghd;w gpuhzpfs;>
<. $hpa myFfisAk; - fhy; efq;fisAk; cila fOF> gUe;J> fhfk;> Me;ij
Nghd;w gwitfs; Mfpait kdpjh;fs; czthf cl;nfhs;s jil nra;ag;gl;l gpuhzpfs;
kw;Wk; gwitfs; MFk;.

Nfs;tp vz; 9.

,];yhk; rpiy tzf;fj;ij jil nra;jpUf;Fk;NghJ - ,];yhkpah;fs; f/ghit topgLtJk;

- f/ghTf;F jiytzq;FtJk; vt;thW Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gLk;?.

gjpy;:

f/gh vd;gJ K];ypk;fs; njhOifapd; NghJ Nehf;fp epw;Fk; jpirahFk;. K];ypk;fs;

f/ghtpd; jpiria Nehf;fp njhOjhYk; - f/ghit njhOtjpy;iy vd;gJ
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;. ,];yhkpah;fs; my;yh`;itj;jtpu NtW vtUf;Fk; my;yJ NtW
vjw;Fk; jiytzq;FtJk; ,y;iy. my;yh`;itj; jtpu NtW vtiuAk; my;yJ NtW
vjidAk; njhOtJkpy;iy.

mUs;kiw Fh;Md; ,uz;lhtJ mj;jpahak; ]_uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 144 tJ trdk;

fPo;f;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ:

'(egpNa!) ehk; ck; Kfk; mbf;fb thdj;ij Nehf;ff; fhz;fpNwhk;. vdNt

ePh; tpUk;Gk; fpg;yhtpd; gf;fk; ck;ikj; jplkhfj; jpUg;gp tpLfpNwhk;. MfNt
ePh; ,g;nghOJ (kf;fhtpd;) k];[pJy; `uhk; gf;fk; ck; Kfj;ijj; jpUg;gpf;
nfhs;Sk;. (K];ypk;fNs!) ,d;Dk; ePq;fs; vq;fpUe;jhYk; (njhOifapd;
NghJ) cq;fs; Kfq;fis me;j (fpg;yhtpd;) gf;fNk jpUg;gpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;."

27
1. ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; xw;Wikia typAWj;JfpwJ:

cjhuzj;jpw;F ,];yhkpah;fs; ,iwtidj; njho tpUk;gpdhy; - xU rhuhh; tlf;F

Nehf;fpj; njhOtij tpUk;gyhk;. kw;nwhU rhuhh; njw;F Nehf;fpj; njhOtij tpUk;gyhk;.
Mdhy; me;j Vf ,iwtdhk; my;yh`;itj; njhOtjpy; $l ,];yhkpah;fs; xw;Wikiaf;
filgpbf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nehf;fj;jpy;> ,iwtidj; njhOk;NghJ ,];yhkpah;fs;
midtUk; f/ghit Kd;Ndhf;f Ntz;Lk; vd gzpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwhh;fs;. f/ghtpw;F
Nkw;Fg;Gwj;jpy; thOk; ,];yhkpah;fs; (mth;fs; ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;jpw;F fpof;Fj; jpirapy; f/gh
,Ug;gjhy;) fpof;Fj;jpir Nehf;fpAk;> f/ghtpw;F - fpof;;Fj; jpirapy; thOk; ,];yhkpah;fs;
(mth;fs; ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;jpw;F Nkw;Fj; jpirapy; f/gh ,Ug;gjhy;) Nkw;Fj; jpir Nehf;fpAk;
njhOthh;fs;.

2. cyf tiu glj;jpd; kj;jpapy; f/gh mike;Js;sJ.

,];yhkpah;fs;jhd; cyf tiuglj;ij Kjd; Kjyhf tbtikj;jhh;fs;. cyf

tiuglj;ij tbtikj;j ,];yhkpah;fs; cyf cUz;ilapd; njw;F jpir tiuglj;jpd;
Nky; gf;fk; ,Ug;gJ NghyTk; - tlf;Fj; jpir tiuglj;jpd; fPo;Gwk; ,Ug;gJ NghyTk;
tbtikj;jhh;fs;. mg;gb tbtikj;jNghJ ,];yhkpah;fs; Nehf;fpj; njhOk; jpirahd f/gh
- cyf tiuglj;jpd; kj;jpapy; mike;jpUe;jJ. gpd;dh; - Nkw;fj;jpa cyfpd;
tiuglty;Ydh;fs; cyf tiuglj;ij tbtikj;jNghJ - cyf cUz;ilapd; tlf;Fj;
jpir tiuglj;jpd; Nky; gf;fk; ,Ug;gJ NghyTk; - njw;Fj; jpir tiuglj;jpd; fPo;Gwk;
,Ug;gJ NghyTk; tbtikj;jhh;fs;. Nkw;fj;jpah;fs; cyf tiuglj;ij khw;wp
tbtikj;jhYk; - f/gh mike;jJ cyf tiuglj;jpd; kj;jpapy;jhd;.

3. f/ghit Rw;wp tyk; tUtJ Xhpiwiar; Rl;bf;fhl;lNt!

,];yhkpah;fs; kf;fhtpw;F nry;Yk; nghOJ k];[pNj `uj;jpy; cs;s f/ghit Rw;wp tyk;
tUthh;fs;. mt;thW f/ghit Rw;wp tyk; tUtJ Xhpiw vd;Dk; Vf nja;t nfhs;ifapy;
,];yhkpah;fs; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ek;gpf;ifiar; Rl;bf; fhl;lTk;> xU ,iwtidNa tzq;f
Ntz;Lk; vd;gij Rl;bf;fhl;lTNk MFk;. xU tl;lk; xNu xU kj;jpa Gs;spia khj;jpuk;
nfhz;bUg;gJ Nghd;W> tzf;jpw;Fhpa ,iwtDk; my;yh`; xUtNd vd;gij czh;j;j
Ntz;bAk; MFk;.

4. ckh; (uyp) mth;fs; mwptpf;Fk; nra;jp xd;W:

`[;h; my; - m`;tj; vd;Dk; fUg;Gf; fy;iyg;gw;wp my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; mz;zy; egp (]y;)
mth;fspd; md;Gj; Njhoh; ckh; (uyp) mth;fs; mwptpf;Fk; nra;jp xd;wpy; fPof;fz;lthW
mwptpf;fpwhh;fs;: 'ey;yNjh my;yJ nfl;lNjh nra;a Kbahj fy; vd;gij ehd;
mwpNtd;. my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; cd;idj;
njhl;L - Kj;jkpLtij ehd; ghh;j;jpUf;fhtpl;lhy;> ehDk; cd;idj; njhl;L
Kj;jkpl;bUf;f khl;Nld;".
Nkw;gb nra;jp ]`P`{y; G`hhp vd;Dk; nra;jp Gj;jfj;jpy; 56tJ mj;jpahaj;jpy; 675tJ
nra;jpfhf gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

5. f/ghtpd; Nky; Vwp epd;W njhOiff;fhf miog;G tpLj;jy;:

mz;zy; egp(]y;) mth;fspd; fhyj;jpy; - egpj; Njhoh;fs; f/ghtpd; Nky; Vwp epd;W
njhOiff;fhf miog;G tpLj;Js;sdh;. f/ghit tzq;Ftjhf ,];yhkpah;fis Nehf;fpf;
Fw;wk; Rkj;Jgtiu ghh;j;J Nfl;fpNwd; - ve;jr; rpiy tzq;fp> mth; tzq;ff; $ba
rpiyapd; kPJ Vwp epw;ghh;?
Nfs;tp vz;: 10
28
,];yhk; my;yhj khw;W kjj;jth;fs; kf;fhtpw;Fk; - kjpdhtpw;Fk; nry;y
mDkjpf;fg;gLtJ ,y;iyNa. Vd;?.

gjpy;:
khw;W kjj;jth;fs; kf;fhtpw;Fk; - kjpdhtpw;Fk; nry;y mDkjpf;fg;gLtJ ,y;iy vd;gJ
cz;ik. mbapw; fhZk; tpsf;;fq;fs; Nkw;gb jiliag; gw;wp njspthf;f cjTk;:

1. ehl;bYs;s vy;yh Fbkf;fSk; jil nra;ag;gl;l ,lq;fSf;Fr; nry;y KbahJ.

ehd; xU ,e;jpaf; Fbkfd;. MapDk; uhZt Nfe;jpuq;fs; Nghd;w ghJfhf;fg;gl;l

gFjpfSf;Fs; nry;y vdf;F mDkjpapy;iy. uhZtj;jpy; gzpGhpgth;fs; - kw;Wk;
uhZtj;NjhL njhlh;G cilath;fs; khj;jpuk;jhd; uhZt Nfe;jpuq;fs; Nghd;w
ghJfhf;fg;gl;l gFjpfSf;Fs; nry;y mDkjp cz;L. ,JNghy- xt;nthU ehl;bYk; -
me;j ehl;bd; rhjhuz Fbkf;fs; nry;y KbahjthW ghJfhf;fg;gl;l gFjpfs; rpy
,Uf;fpd;wd. mJ Nghy ,];yhk; cyfj;jpw;Fk; - cyfj;jpy; cs;s kf;fSf;Fk;
nghJthd khh;f;fkhf ,Ue;jhYk; - ,];yhj;jpd; ghJfhf;fg;gl;l gFjpahf ,Ug;gJ -
,uz;L Gdpj efuq;fshd kf;fhTk; - kjpdhTkhFk;. ,];yhj;jpd; ghJfhf;fg;gl;l
gFjpahf ,Uf;Fk; ,e;j - ,uz;L Gdpj efuq;fshd kf;fhTf;Fk; kjpdhTf;Fk; nry;y
mDkjpAs;sth;fs; ,];yhkpah;fs; khj;jpuNk.

ghJfhf;fg;gl;l gFjpfSf;Fr; nry;y jil nra;jpUg;gij ehl;bd; rhjhuz Fbkfd;

vjph;g;gJ rhpahdJ my;y. mNj Nghd;Wjhd; K];ypk; my;yhjth;fs; ,];yhj;jpd;
ghJfhf;fg;gl;l gFjpahf ,Uf;Fk; ,e;j - ,uz;L Gdpj efuq;fshd kf;fhTf;Fk;
kjpdhTf;Fk; nry;y mDkjp kWf;fg;gl;bUg;gJ Fwpj;J vjph;g;G njhptpg;gJk; rhpahdJ
my;y.

2. kf;fhTf;Fk; kjpdhTf;Fk; nry;y mDkjpf;Fk; “'tp\h"

xUth; ntspehl;bw;F nry;y Ntz;Lnkdpy; me;ehl;bw;F nry;tjw;fhf “'tp\h" mjhtJ

mDkjp ngw Ntz;Lk;. xt;nthU ehLk; jkJ ehl;bw;F tu mDkjp ngw Ntz;Lnkdpy;>
jkf;nfd tpj;jpahrkhd rl;lq;fisAk;> tpjpfisAk;> NjitfisAk; tFj;Js;sd.
Nkw;gb tFf;fg;gl;Ls;s rl;lq;fSf;Fk; - tpjpfSf;Fk;> NjitfSf;Fk; cl;glhjth;fSf;F
jk; ehl;bw;Fs; tu mDkjp mspg;gjpy;iy.

,t;thW jk; ehl;bw;Fs; tu mDkjp mspg;gjpy; fLikahd rl;lq;fisAk;> tpjpfisAk;>

NjitfisAk; tFj;Js;s ehLfspy; mnkhpf;fhTk; xd;W. Fwpg;ghf %d;whk; ju ehLfspy;
cs;s kf;fSf;F mDkjp mspg;gjw;nfd fLikahd rl;l jpl;lq;fis tFj;Js;sJ.
%d;whe;ju ehLfspy; cs;s kf;fs; mnkhpf;fh nry;y tp\h ngw Ntz;Lnkdpy; Vuhskhd
NjitfisAk; - epge;jidfisAk; G+h;j;jp nra;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

fle;j Kiw ehd; rpq;fg;G+Uf;F nrd;wNghJ> Nghijg;nghUs; flj;JNthUf;F kuz

jz;lid vd rpq;fg;g+h; ,kpf;Nu\d; gbtj;jpy; vOjg;gl;bUe;jJ. ehd; rpq;fg;G+h; nry;y
Ntz;Lk; vdpy; rpq;fg;G+hpd; rl;l jpl;lq;fSf;F cl;gl;Nl Mf Ntz;Lk;. kuz jz;lid
fhl;Lkpuhz;bj;jdk; vd ehd; thjhl KbahJ. ehd; rpq;fg;g+hpd; rl;l jpl;lq;fSf;F
cl;gLNtd; vd;why; khj;jpuNk> vd;id rpq;fg;G+h; nry;y mDkjpg;ghh;fs;.

,];yhj;jpd; Gdpj efuq;fshd kf;fhtpw;Fk; - kjpdhtpw;Fk; nry;y tpUk;Gk; ve;j

kdpjUf;Fk; -,Uf;f Ntz;ba xNunahU Kf;fpaj; jFjp vd;dntdpy; - jd; cjLfshy;
nkhope;J> cs;sj;jhy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf; $ba
“'yh ,yh` ,y;yy;yh`; - K`k;kJu; u]{Yy;yh`;"
'tzf;fj;jpw;Fhpa ehad; my;yh`;itj; jtpu NtW ahUk; ,y;iy.
K`k;kJ egp mtdJ J}juhthh;" - vd;gJjhd;.
29
Nfs;tp vz; 11.
,];yhk; gd;wp ,iwr;rpia czthf cl;nfhs;sj; jil nra;jpUg;gJ Vd;?

gjpy;:
,];yhk; gd;wp ,iwr;rpia czthf cl;nfhs;s jil nra;jpUg;gJ midtUk; mwpe;j
cz;ik. ,e;jj; jil Vd;? vd;gJ gw;wpa tpguj;ij fPo;f;fhZk; tpsf;fq;fs; %yk;
njspthf mwpayhk;.

'gd;wp ,iwr;rp cz;zj; jil" gw;wp mUs;kiw Fh;Md;:

gd;wp ,iwr;rp cz;gJ jil nra;ag;gl;bUg;gJ gw;wp mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; Fiwe;jJ ehd;F
mj;jpahaq;fspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

'jhdhfNt nrj;jJk;> ,uj;jKk;> gd;wpapd; khkprKk;> my;yh`; my;yhj ngah;

nrhy;yg;gl;lJk; Mfpaitfisj;jhd; cq;fs; kPJ `uhkhf Mf;fpapUf;fpwhd;."
(my;-Fh;Md; mj;jpahak; - 02 ]_uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 173tJ trdk;).

Nkw;gb fUj;Jf;fis mUs;kiwapd; mj;jpahak; Ie;J ]_uj;Jy; khapjhtpd; %d;whtJ

trdj;jpYk;> mj;jpahak; MW ]_uj;Jy; md;Mk;- 145tJ trdj;jpYk; - mj;jpahak; gjpdhW
]_uj;Jd; e`;y; - 115tJ trdj;jpYk; fhzyhk;. mUs;kiwapd; Nkw;gb trdq;fs; -
,];yhj;jpy; gd;wp ,iwr;rp cz;gJ jil nra;ag;gl;bUf;fpwJ vd;gjw;F Mjhukhf
mike;Js;sd.

gd;wp ,iwr;rp cz;zj; jil vd;W iggpSk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.

fpw];jth;fspd; Ntj Gj;jfkhd iggps; Fwpg;gpLk; jilfisg; gw;wp fpwp];jth;fSf;F

vLj;Jr; nrhd;dhy; mth;fSk; mwpe;J nfhs;thh;fs;. gd;wp ,iwr;rp cz;zj; jil vd;W
iggpspSk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

iggpspd; mj;jpahak; 11 - nytpl;bf;f]; (Leviticus) trdk; 7 Kjy; 8 tiuapYk;> iggpspd;

mj;jpahak; 14 - bAl;lh;Ndhkp (Deuteronomy) trdk; 8 k; gd;wp ,iwr;rp cz;zj; jil
gw;wp mwptpf;fpd;wd.

NkYk; iggpspd; mj;jpahak; 65 - Gf; M/g; ,i\ah (Book of Isaiyah) 2 Kjy; 5 tiuAs;s
trdq;fspy; gd;wp ,iwr;rp cz;zj; jil gw;wp Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

gd;wp ,iwr;rp cz;gjhy; - kdpjDf;F Vuhskhd Neha;fs; cz;lhfpd;wd.

ve;j tp\aj;ijAk; K];ypk; my;yhjth;fSk;> flTNs ,y;iy vd;W kWg;gth;fSk;

fhuzj;JlDk;> gFj;jwpT hPjpahfTk;> mwptpay; cz;ikAlDk; nrhd;dhy;jhd; Vw;Wf;
nfhs;thh;fs;. gd;wp ,iwr;rp cz;gjhy; kdpjDf;F vOgJ tpjkhd Neha;fs;
cz;lhfpwJ. gd;wp ,iwr;rp cz;gjhy; kdpjdpd; tapw;wpy; 'tl;lg;GO" (RoundWorm)
Crpg;GO (PinWorm) nfhf;fpg;GO (HookWorm) Nghd;w Flw;GOf;fs; cz;lhfpd;wd. gd;wp
,iwr;rp cz;gjhy; kdpjdpd; tapw;wpy; ehlhg;GO cUthfpwJ. ,e;j ePskhd ehlhg;GO
kdpj Flypd; mbg;gFjpapy; nrd;W jq;fptpLfpwJ. mJ ,Lk; Kl;il ,uj;j ehsq;fs;
topahf clypd; vy;yhg; ghfq;fSf;Fk; guTfpwJ. ,e;j Kl;il kdpj %isar;
nrd;wile;jhy; kdpjd; jd; epidthw;wiy ,og;ghd;. ,e;j Kl;il kdpj ,jaj;ijr;
nrd;wile;jhy; kdpjDf;F khuilg;G cz;lhfpwJ. ,e;j Kl;il kdpjdpd; fz;fisr;
nrd;wile;jhy; kdpjd; fz;ghh;itia ,of;fpwhd;. ,e;j Kl;il kdpjdpd; <uiyr;
nrd;wile;jhy; kdpjdpd; <uy; ghjpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,t;thW gd;wp ,iwr;rp cz;gjhy; kdpj
tapw;wpy; cUthFk; ehlhg;GOtpd; Kl;ilfs; kdpj cUg;Gfs; midj;ijAk; nraypof;fr;
nra;Ak; ty;yik cs;sit.
30
gd;wp ,iwr;rpapy; jphp$uh jpr;Ruh]p]; (Trichura Tichurasis) vd;w ngaiuAila kw;nwhU
Mgj;jhd Flw;GO cs;sJ. gd;wp ,iwr;rpia ed;whf Ntf itj;Jtpl;lhy; ,J Nghd;w
GOf;fs; kuzpj;J tpLfpd;wd vd;gJ xU nghJthd mNj rkak; jtwhd fUj;J
kf;fspilNa ,Uf;fpwJ. ,J gw;wpa Ma;T xd;W mnkhpf;fhtpy; elj;jg;gl;lNghJ -
,Ugj;J ehd;F Ngh; jphp$uh jpr;Ruh]p]; (Trichura Tichurasis) vd;W Flw;GO Nehahy;
jhf;fg;gl;bUe;jhh;fs;. mth;fspy; ,Ugj;jp ,uz;L Ngh; gd;wp ,iwr;rpia ed;whf
Ntfitj;J rhg;gpl;lth;fs; vd;W fz;lwpag;gl;lJ. rhjhuzkhd ntg;gj;jpy; rikf;fg;gLk;
gd;wp ,iwr;rpapy; - Flw;GO cz;L vd Nkw;gb Ma;tpypUe;J ehk; mwpAk; nra;jp

gd;wp ,iwr;rpapy; nfhOg;Gr; rj;J mjpfk;.

gd;wp ,iwr;rpapy; khkpr rj;ijtpl nfhOg;Gr; rj;Nj mjpfk;. gd;wp ,iwr;rp cz;gjhy;
Vw;gLk; nfhOg;Gr; rj;J kdpj ,uj;j ehsq;fis milj;J tpLtjhy; - kdpjDf;F ,uj;j
mOj;j NehAk; - khuilg;Gk; cz;lhfpd;wJ. vdNt mnkhpf;fh;fspy; Ik;gJ rjtPjk; Ngh;
,uj;j mOj;jk; cs;sth;fshf ,Ug;gjpy; Mr;rhpak; ,y;iy.

cyfpy; cs;s kpUfq;fspy; vy;yhk; NfLnfl;l kpUfk; gd;wp.

G+kpay; cs;s tpyq;fpdq;fspy; vy;yhk; NfLnfl;l tpyq;fpdk; gd;wp. gd;wp Nrw;wpYk;>

rfjpapYk;> kyj;jpYk; thof;$ba tpyq;fpdk;. flTspd; gilg;gpy; xU rpwe;j Rj;jpfhpf;Fk;
kpUfk; gd;wp. etPd fopg;giw trjp ,y;yhj fpuhkg;Gwq;fspy; kdpjh;fs; - fhLfspYk; -
ntl;lntspapYk;jhd; ky[yk; fopg;ghh;fs;. ,e;j kyj;ij Rj;jk; nra;tJ gd;wpjhd;.

M];jpNuypah Nghd;w Nkiy ehLfspy; gd;wpfs; kpf Rj;jkhd #o;epiyapy;

tsh;f;fg;gLfpd;wd vd rpyh; thjpl Kw;glyhk;. ve;j khjphp Rj;jkhd #o;epiyapYk;
gd;wpfs; xd;whfj;jhd; milj;J itf;fg;gLfpd;wd. vj;jidjhd; Rj;jkhd #o;epiyapy;
ePq;fs; gd;wpfis itj;jpUe;jhYk; - gd;wp ,aw;ifahfNt NfL nfl;lit. jd;Dila
kyj;ijAk; - gpwUila kyj;ijAk; Ritj;Jj; jpd;Dk; kpUfk; gd;wp.

cyfpy; cs;s kpUfq;fspy; vy;yhk; ntl;fk; nfl;l kpUfk; gd;wp.

cyfpy; cs;s kpUfq;fspy; vy;yhk; ntl;fk; nfl;l kpUfk; gd;wpjhd;. jdJ ez;gh;fis
mioj;J te;J jdJ JizAld; ez;gh;fis clYwT nfhs;sr; nra;Ak; kpUfk; gd;wp.
mnkhpf;fhtpy; ngUk;ghd;ikapdh; gd;wp ,iwr;rp cz;zf; $bath;fshf ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;.
,uT Neu ghh;l;bfs; Kbe;j gpwF jq;fSf;Fs; “'kidtpaiu khw;wpf; nfhs;Sk; gz;ghL"
(mjhtJ vdJ kidtpAld; eP> cdJ kidtpAld; ehd; vd) nfhz;lth;fshf
,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. gd;wp ,iwr;rp jpd;gtd; gd;wpiag; Nghyj;jhd; nray;gLthd;.
,e;jpah;fshd ehk; mnkhpf;fh;fis kpfTk; Kd;Ndwpath;fs; vdTk; - kpfTk; gz;ghL
cilath;fs; vdTk; jiyf;F Nky; itj;J nfhz;lhLfpNwhk;. mth;fs; vd;d nra;jhYk;
mjid ehKk; mg;gbNa gpd;gw;WfpNwhk;. rkPgj;jpy; Kk;igapypUe;J gpuRukhFk; “'INyz;l;"
vd;Dk; khjg;gj;jphpf;if ntspapl;Ls;s fl;Liu “kidtpaiu khw;wpf; nfhs;Sk; 'gz;ghL"
Kk;ig tl;lhuj;jpy; rh;t rhjhuzk; vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

Nfs;tp vz;: 12

kJ mUe;j ,];yhj;jpy; jil ,Ug;gJ Vd;?

gjpy;:
kdpjDf;F epidT njhpe;j ehs; Kjyha; - rKjhaj;jpd; nfhs;isNehahf ,Ue;J tUtJ
Nghij jUk; ,e;j kJ ghdq;fs;. cyfk; KOtJk; cs;s kdpj rKjhaj;jpd; mopT
vd;Dk; ngUe;JaUf;F fhuzkhf mike;jpUg;gJ ,e;j kJ ghdq;fs;. ,d;W kdpj
rKjhak; re;jpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; xl;L nkhj;j gpur;idfSf;Fk; MzpNtuhf

31
mike;jpUg;gJ ,e;j kJ ghdq;fs;. cyfpy; gy;fpg; ngUfp tUk; Fw;wq;fSf;F
fhuzkhfTk;> kf;fis eLj; njUTf;F nfhz;L tUtJk;> kf;fspd; csr;Nrhh;Tf;F
fhuzpahfTk; mike;jpUg;gJ ,e;j kJghdq;fspd; mopf;Fk; rf;jpjhd;.

my;-Fh;Md; kJghdj;ij jil nra;Js;sJ:

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; Ie;jhtJ mj;jpahak; ]_uj;Jy; khapjhtpd; 90tJ trdj;jpd; %yk;

my;yh`; kJghdk; mUe;Jtij jilnra;Js;shd;:
'tpRthrk; nfhz;lth;fNs! kJghdKk;> #jhl;lKk;> fw;rpiyfis
topgLjYk;> mk;Gfs; vwpe;J Fwp Nfl;gJk; i\j;jhdpd; mUtUf;fj;jf;f
nray;fspy; cs;sitahFk;: MfNt ,tw;iw ePq;fs; jtph;j;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;
- mjdhy; ePq;fs; ntw;wpailtPh;fs;."
kJ mUe;Jtij iggpSk; jil nra;fpwJ:

iggpspd; 20tJ mj;jpahak; Proverbs cila 01tJ trdKk;> 5tJ mj;jpahak; Ephesians
cila 18tJ trdKk; kJ mUe;JtJ rpwe;jJ my;y vd Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd.

kdpj %isapd; jil nra;Ak; ikaj;ij (Inhibitory Centre) - ,aq;f tplhky; nra;fpwJ kJ
ghdq;fs;:
kdpj %isapy; jil nra;Ak; ikak; (Inhibitory Centre) vd;w xU gFjp cs;sJ. kdpjd;
jhd; nra;Ak; nray; jtW vd;W vz;Zk; nray;fis nra;a tplhky; jLg;gJ Nkw;gb jil
nra;Ak; ikaj;jpd; gzp. cjhuzj;jpw;F jdJ ngw;NwhiuNah my;yJ jdf;F
%j;jth;fisNah nfl;l thh;j;ijfshy; Vrf;$lhJ vd;W xU kdpjidj; jLg;gJ jil
nra;Ak; ikaj;jpd; Ntiy. xU kdpjd; jd; ,aw;ifj; Njitfis epiwNtw;wpf; nfhs;s
tpUk;gpdhy; - mjid nghJ ,lj;jpy; nra;af; $lhJ vd;W jLg;gJ jil nra;Ak;
ikaj;jpd; Ntiy. NghijapypUf;Fk; xU kdpj %isapd; jil nra;Ak; ikaj;jpd; gzp>
kJ ghdq;fshy; jil nra;ag;gLfpwJ. vdNtjhd; FbNghijapy; ,Uf;Fk; kdpjd;
rk;ge;jh rk;ge;jk; ,y;yhky; jd; kdk; Nghd Nghf;fpy; nray; gLfpwhd;. FbNghijapy;
,Uf;Fk; kdpjd; jdJ ngw;Nwhiuf; $l Nkhrkhd thh;j;ijfshy; VRtJk;> mth;fsplk;
Nkhrkhf ele;J nfhs;tijAk; ehk; fhz;fpNwhk;. Nghijapy; ,Ug;gth;fs; jk;
MilfspNyNa rpW ePh; fopg;gijAk; - rhpahf elf;fNth my;yJ NgrNth Kbahky;
,Ug;gijAk; ghh;f;fpNwhk;.

Fbg;gof;fk; cs;sth;fs; tpgr;rhuk;> ty;YwT nfhs;Sjy;> jfhjth;fsplk; cly; cwT

nfhs;Sjy;> va;l;]; Nghd;w Fw;wq;fisr; nra;af; $bath;fshf ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;;:

1996 Mk; Mz;L mnkhpf;fhtpy; ehs; xd;Wf;F ruhrhpahf 2>713 ty;YwT Fw;wq;fs;
epfo;e;jjhf mnkhpf;f ePjpj;Jiwapd; xU gphpthd Njrpa Fw;wtpay; Gydha;Tj;Jiw
Ma;twpf;if ntspapl;Ls;s Gs;sptpguk; njhptpj;jJ. Nkw;gb Gs;sp tpguj;jpd;gb ty;YwT
Fw;wq;fspy; <Lgl;Nlhhpy; nghUk;ghyhNdhh; Nghijapy; ,Ue;jpf;fpwhh;fs; vd;gijAk;
njhptpj;Js;sJ. mJ Nghd;Wjhd; rKjhaj;jpw;F njhy;iy jUk; gyUk; Nghij
gof;fj;jpw;F cs;shdth;fs; vd;gijAk; Nkw;gb mwpf;if Rl;bf; fhl;bAs;sJ.

Nkw;gb Gs;sptpgu mwpf;ifapd;gb mnkhpf;fh;fspy; 12 egh;fspy; xUth; jfhg; Gzh;r;rp (Incest

- jil tpjpf;fg;gl;l cwtpdh;fspilNa fytp nra;jy;) nfhs;gth;fshf ,Uf;fpd;wdh;.
jfhg;Gzh;r;rp nfhs;Sk; Fw;wj;jpy; <LgLk; midtUk; - Nghij gof;fj;jpw;F
cs;shdth;fs;. jfhg;Gzh;r;rpapy; <LgLk; xUtNuh my;yJ ,uz;L NgUNkh Nghijapy;
,Ue;jpUf;fpwhh;fs; vd;gij Nkw;gb mwpf;if njhptpj;jpUf;fpwJ.

32
cyfpy; va;l;]; vd;Dk; caph;f; nfhy;yp Neha; guTtjw;F Kf;fpa fhuzpfspy; xd;whf
Nghijg;gof;fk; mike;Js;sJ.

Fbg;gof;fk; cs;s xt;nthUtUk; Muk;gj;jpy; “nfsutj;jpw;fhf Fbf;f Jtq;fpath;fNs!

Fbg;gof;fk; cs;s gyUk; - kJ ghdq;fSf;F Mjuthf> jq;fis “'nfsut

Fbfhuh;fs;" vd;W mioj;Jf; nfhs;thh;fs;. jhq;fs; vg;nghOJk; xd;W my;yJ ,uz;L
ngf; khj;jpuk; Fbg;gjhfTk;> mjdhy; jhq;fs; Ra fl;Lg;ghl;Lld; ,Ug;gjhfTk;> jhq;fs;
xUNghJk; FbNghijahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ljpy;iy vd;Wk; thjpLthh;fs;. xt;nthU FbfhuUk;
Jtf;fj;jpy; 'nfsut Fbfhuuuhfj;jhd;" Muk;gpj;jpUf;fpwhh; vd Ma;twpf;iffs;
njhptpf;fpd;wd. ve;j xU FbfhuUk; - Muk;gj;jpy; jhd; xU nkhlhf; Fbadhf Ntz;Lk;
vd;w vz;zj;jpy; Fbf;f Muk;gpg;gjpy;iy. Mdhy; ve;j xU FbfhuUk; gy tUlq;fshf
Fbj;jjpy; jhd; xU Kiw $l Nghijahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ljpy;iy - mth; Fbj;j vy;yh
ehl;fspYk; Ra fl;Lg;ghl;Lld;jhd; ,Ue;jpUf;fpwhh; vd;gij epr;rakhfr; nrhy;y KbahJ.

XU Fbfhuh; xUehshtJ FbNghijahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;bUe;J - ghjpf;fg;gl;l me;j ehspy;

mth; xU khdf;Nflhd nraiy nra;jpUg;ghNuahdhy; - me;j khdf;Nflhd nray; mtuJ
tho;ehs; KOtJk; mtiu thl;b tijf;Fk;.

cjhuzj;jpw;F xU “'nfsut Fbfhuh;" jdJ Ra fl;Lg;ghl;il xU ehshtJ

,oe;Jtpl;lhh; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. FbNghijahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;bUe;j me;j
ehspy; mth; xU ty;YwT Fw;wk; nra;Jtpl;lhnudpy; my;yJ xUthplk; KiwNflhd cwT
nfhz;Ltpl;lhh; vdpy; nra;j me;j Fw;wj;jpw;fhf mth; tho;ehs; KOtJk; tUe;j Ntz;ba
epiy cUthFk;. ghjpg;Gf;F cs;shdth; tho;ehs; KOtJk; f\;lg;glf; $ba epiyAk; -
ghjpg;Gf;F cs;shf;fpath; jhd; nra;j Fw;wj;jpw;fhf tho;ehs; KOtJk; Fw;w czh;Tld;
tho Ntz;ba epiyAk; Vw;glyhk;.

kJghdq;fs; jil nra;ag;gl;lit vd;gJ egp (]y;) mth;fs; mwptpf;Fk; nra;jpfs;:

kJghdq;fs; jil nra;ag;gl;lit vd;gJ gw;wp egp (]y;) mth;fs; mwptpf;Fk; nra;jpfs;
,];yhkpa nra;jpg; Ngiofspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ:
'jPikfs; midj;jpw;Fk; jhahdJ NghijahFk;. jPikfspNyNa kpfTk;
ntl;ff;Nflhd jPik NghijahFk;" vd egp (]y;) mth;fs; mwptpf;Fk; nra;jp
]{dd; ,g;Dkh[h vd;Dk; ,];yhkpa nra;jpg;Ngioapd; %d;whk; ghfj;jpy; -
Nghijg;nghUl;fs; vd;Dk; jiyg;gpd; fPo; Kg;gjhtJ mj;jpahaj;jpd; 3371 tJ nra;jpahf
Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

'mjpf mstpy; gad;gLj;jpdhy; Nghij jUk; ve;j nghUSk; - Fiwe;j

mstpy; gad;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; jil nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ" vd egp (]y;) mth;fs;
mwptpf;Fk; nra;jp ]{dd; ,g;Dkh[h vd;Dk; ,];yhkpa nra;jpg;Ngioapd; %d;whk;
ghfj;jpy; Nghijg;nghUl;fs; vd;Dk; jiyg;gpd; fPo; Kg;gjhtJ mj;jpahaj;jpd; 3392 tJ
nra;jpahf Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

vdNt mjpfNkh - FiwNth ,];yhj;jpy; Nghij nghUl;fs; gad;gLj;JtJ jil

nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

kJghdq;fs; mUe;Jgth;fs; khj;jpuk; ,iwtdhy; rgpf;fg;gl;lth;fs; my;y. kJghdq;fs;

mUe;Jtjpy; NehpilahfNth my;yJ kiwKfkhfNth <LgLth;fs; midtUk; ,iwtdhy;
rgpf;fg;gl;lth;fNs.

33
1. kJghdk; jahhpg;gtd; -
2. ahUf;fhf kJghdk; jahhpf;fg;gl;lNjh> mtd;
3. kJghdq;fis Fbg;gtd; -
4. kJghdq;fis tpw;gid Nfe;jpuq;fSf;F nfhz;L nry;gtd;
5. ahUf;fhf kJghdq;fs; nfhz;L nry;yg;gl;lNjh> mtd;
6. kJghdq;fis ghpkhWgtd;
7. kJghdq;fis tpw;gtd;>
8. kJghdq;fs; tpw;W tUk; gzj;ij gad;gLj;Jgtd;>
9. kJghdq;fis thq;Fgtd;>
10. kJghdq;fs; ahUf;fhf thq;fg;gl;lNjh> mtd;
Mfpa gj;J rhuhh; kPJ my;yh`;tpd; rhgk; ,wq;FfpwJ."

vd my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; nrhd;djhf egpj;Njhoh; md]; (uyp)
mth;fs; mwptpf;Fk; nra;jp> ]{dd; ,g;Dkh[h vd;Dk; ,];yhkpa nra;jpg;Ngioapd; -
%d;whk; ghfj;jpy; - Kg;gjhtJ mj;jpahakhd Nghijg;nghUl;fs; vd;Dk; jiyg;gpd; fPo;
3380tJ nra;jpahf gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

Nghijg; nghUl;fs; mjhtJ kJ ghdq;fs; cl;nfhs;sf; $lhJ vd;gjw;F mwptpay;

hPjpahfTk; Vuhskhd fhuzq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. xU Fwpg;gpl;l Nehapd; fhuzkhf cyfpy;
mjpfkhd kuzq;fs; epfo;fpd;wd vdpy; - me;j Neha; kJghdk; mUe;Jtjhy;jhd;
,Uf;Fk;. kJghdk; mUe;Jtjhy; cyfpy; yl;rf;fzf;fhd kf;fs; kuzpf;fpwhh;fs;.
kJghdk; mUe;Jtjhy; Vw;gLk; Neha;fs; gw;wp ehd; tphpthf tpsf;fj; Njitapy;iy.
Vnddpy; kJghdk; mUe;Jtjhy; Vw;gLk; vy;yh Neha;fisAk; ehk; midtUk; nghJthf
mwpe;jJjhd;. ,j;Jld; ehd; thpirg;gLj;jpapUf;Fk; - Neha;fs; - midj;Jk;
Nghijg;nghUl;fis gad;gLj;jtjhy; - Fwpg;ghf kJghdq;fis mUe;Jtjhy; cz;lhFk;
Neha;fshFk;.
1. kJghdq;fs; mUe;Jtjhy; <uyhpg;G Neha; cz;lhFk; vd;gJ midtUk; mwpe;j
xd;W.
2. kdpj clypd; ,ug;ig - jiy - fOj;J kw;Wk; <uy; Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; Gw;WNeha;
cz;lhf fhuzkhf ,Ug;gJ kJghdq;fNs.
3. ,ug;ig mow;rp Nghd;w Fly; rk;ge;jkhd Neha;fs; cz;lhf fhuzkhf ,Ug;gJ
kJghdq;fNs.
4. ,uj;j mOj;jNeha; - kw;Wk; khh;G typ Nghd;w Neha;fs; cz;lhf fhuzkhf
,Ug;gJ kJghdq;fNs.
5. thjk; - iffhy; Klf;fk; - typg;G Nghd;w Neha;fs; cz;lhf fhuzkhf ,Ug;gJ
kJghdq;fNs.
6. euk;G kz;lyk; ghjpf;fg;gly; - euk;Gj; jsh;r;rp Nghd;w euk;G rk;ge;jkhd Neha;fs;
cz;lhf fhuzkhf ,Ug;gJ kJghdq;fNs.
7. epidtpoj;jy; - %isf; NfhshW Nghd;w %is rk;ge;jkhd Neha;fs; Vw;glf;
fhuzkhf ,Ug;gJ kJghdq;fNs.
8. Njhy; ntbj;jy; - Njhy; mhpg;G Nghd;w Njhy; rk;ge;jkhd Neha;fs; cz;lhf
fhuzkhf ,Ug;gJ kJghdq;fNs.
9. if - fhy; gjw;wk; - cly; eLf;fk; Nghd;w Neha;fs; cz;lhf fhuzkhf miktJ
kJghdq;fNs.
10. clypy; gy gFjpapYk; cs;s ,uj;j ehsq;fs; kw;Wk; Rug;gpfis nraypof;fr;
nra;tJ kJghdq;fNs.
11. kQ;rs; fhkhiy Nghd;w caph; nfhy;yp Neha;fs; cUthf fhuzkhf miktJ
kJghdq;fNs.
12. kJghdq;fshy; Mz;fSf;F Vw;gLk; Neha; kw;Wk; ghjpg;Gfistpl ngz;fSf;F
Vw;gLk; Neha;fSk; ghjpg;Gk; mjpfk;. fUj;jhpj;jpUf;Fk; ngz; kJghdq;fs;

34
 mUe;Jtjhy; ed;whf tsh;e;j fU $l ghjpf;fg;gLfpwJ. kJ mUe;Jtjhy; fU
ghjpf;fg;gl;l ngz;fs; Vuhskhd Ngiu kUj;Jt cyfk; milahsk; fz;Ls;sJ.

,t;thW kJ mUe;Jtjhy; Vw;gLk; Neha;fs; Vuhsk;. jhuhsk;.

kJ gof;fk; xU jPa Neha;.

kJ mUe;Jgth;fs; kPJ jk; jhuhs kdg;Nghf;if iftpl;Ltpl;lhh;fs; jw;Nghija

kUj;Jth;fs;. mJ xU nfl;l gof;fk; vd;W miof;fg;gl;lJ goq;fijahfp> ,g;NghJ
kJg;gof;fj;ij xU jPa Neha; vd;W miof;fpwhh;fs;.

kJg;gof;fk; xU jPa Neha;

™ Gl;bfspy; milj;J kf;fpilNa tpw;fg;gLk; xU jPa Neha;

™ jpdrhp nra;jpj; jhs;fspy; - thuhe;jpu> khjhe;jpu gj;jpf;iffspy; thndhypapy;> kw;Wk;
njhiyf;fhl;rpfspy; tpsk;gug; gLj;jg;gl;L kf;fspilNa gug;gg;gLk; xU jPa Neha;
™ chpkk; toq;fg;gl;l tpw;gid Nfe;jpuq;fspy; tpw;fg;gLk; xU jPa Neha;
™ murhq;fj;jpw;F tUkhdj;ij <l;bj; juf;$ba xU jPa Neha;
™ neLQ;rhiyfspd; Nfhu kuzq;fSf;F fhuzkhd xU jPa Neha;
™ FLk;g tho;f;ifiar; rPuopj;J> r%ff; Fw;wq;fs; midj;jpw;Fk; fhuzkhd mike;Js;s
xU jPa Neha;
™ ve;jtpj Neha; vr;rhpf;ifNah - my;yJ Neha;f;fpUkpfs; gw;wpa vr;rhpf;ifNah ,y;yhky;
kf;fspilNa gug;gg;gLk; xU jPa Neha; vJ vd;why;;
kJghdk; vd;w jPa NehNa.

vd;gJ kJghdq;fspd; nfhLik gw;wp ,];yhkpa Ma;T ikak; - Kk;igapypUe;J

ntspapl;bUf;Fk; xU gpuRuj;jpd; thrfkhFk;.

kJghdk; mUe;JtJ xU Neha; vd;W nrhy;tijtpl> mij i\j;jhdpd; Cryhl;lk;

vd;gNj nghUj;jkhapUf;Fk;:

my;yh`; mUspa mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; i\j;jhidg; gw;wp my;yh`; ekf;F vr;rhpf;if

nra;fpwhd;. ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; kdpjh;fSf;F Vw;w ,aw;ifahd khh;f;fkhFk;.
i\j;jhdpd; Ntiyfs; midj;Jk; - kdpjid mtd; nry;Yk; rPuhd ghijia tpl;Lk;
jLj;J> Nflhd ghijapy; mioj;Jr; nry;tjhFk;. Nghijf;F mbikahFk; kdpjh;fSk;>
rKjhaj;jpy; ,aw;ifj; jd;ikia tpl;Lk; khw;wkhf elf;Fk; #o;epiyia ehk;
fhz;fpNwhk;. Nghijahy; - kdpjd; mtd; ,Uf;f Ntz;ba epiyia tpl;Lk; - mrhjhuz
epiyf;Fj; js;sg;gLtijAk; ehk; fhz;fpNwhk;. vdNtjhd; Nghijg; nghUl;fs;
cgNahfpg;gij ,];yhk; jil nra;Js;sJ.

Nfs;tp vz;: 13
,];yhkpah;fs; midtUk; xNu Fh;Mid Vw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; mNj Ntisapy;>
mth;fspilNa gy gphpTfisAk; - gy tpj;jpahrkhd nfhs;iffisAk; nfhz;bUg;gJ Vd;?.

gjpy;:

1. ,d;]hkpah;fs; xd;W gl Ntz;Lk;:

,];yhkpah;fs; jq;fSf;fpilNa gy gphpTfshf gphpe;J fplf;fpd;wdh; vd;gJ kWf;f Kbahj

cz;ik. ,jpy; tUj;jg;glf; $ba nra;jp vd;dntdpy; gphpT vd;gJ ,];yhj;jpy;

35
nrhy;yg;glhj xd;W. ,];yhkpah;fs; jq;fSf;fpilNa gphpTfspd;wp xw;WikAld;
thoNtz;Lk; vd;gJjhd; ,];yhk; fw;Wj; jUk; ghlk;.

'ePq;fs; vy;NyhUk; my;yh`;tpd; fapw;iw tYthf gw;wpg; gpbj;Jf;

nfhs;Sq;fs;: ePq;fs; gphpe;Jk; tplhjPh;fs;" vd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; %d;whtJ
mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; My ,k;uhdpd; 103 tJ trdk; $WfpwJ.

Nkw;fz;l Fh;Mdpd; trdj;jpy; nrhy;yg;gLk; my;yh`;tpd; fapW vJ njhpAkh?. mUs;kiw

Fh;Md;jhd;. mUs;kiw Fh;Md; vd;Dk; my;yh`;tpd; fapw;iw ,];yhkpah;fs; midtUk;
xd;wpize;J gw;wpg; gpbf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j trdj;jpy; ,uz;L fUj;Jf;fs; njhzpf;fpd;wd.
mUs; kiw Fh;Md; vd;Dk; my;yh`;tpd; fapw;iw ,];yhkpah;fs; midtUk;
gw;wpg;gpbg;gJld; - ,];yhkpah;fs; jq;fSf;fpilNa gphpe;J Nghff; $lhJ vd;fpw ,uz;L
fUj;Jf;fis Nkw;gb trdk; typAWj;JfpwJ.

'my;yh`;Tf;F fPo; gbAq;fs;. ,d;Dk; (my;yh`;tpd;) J}jUf;Fk;

fPo;gbAq;fs;." vd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; ep\htpd;
59tJ trdk; $Wfpd;wJ. Nkw;gb trdq;fspypUe;J ,];yhkpah;fs; ngWk; njspT
vd;dntdpy; - mUs;kiw Fh;MidAk; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; topKiwAk; gpd;gw;w
Ntz;Lk; vd;gNjahFk;.

2. ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; gphptpidfs; cz;lhf;Ftij jil nra;Js;sJ:

'epr;rakhf vth;fs; jq;fSila khh;f;fj;ij (jk; tpUg;gg;gb gythwhfg;)

gphpj;J" gy gphptpduhf gphpe;J tpl;ldNuh mth;fSld;(egpNa!) ckf;F vt;tpj
rk;ge;jKkpy;iy. mth;fSila tp\anky;yhk; my;yh`;tplNk cs;sJ.
mth;fs; nra;J nfhz;bUe;jitfs; gw;wp Kbtpy; mtNd mth;fSf;F
mwptpg;ghd;." vd mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; MwhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; md;Mk; - d;
159tJ trdk; $WfpwJ. Nkw;gb ,iw trdj;jpypUe;J ekf;F njhptpf;fg;gLk; nra;jp
vd;dntdpy; vth; ,];yhkpa khh;f;fj;ij gy gphpTfshf gphpj;J gy tFg;gpduhf gphpe;J
tpl;ldNuh - mth;fistpl;L cz;ikahd ,];yhkpah;fs; tpyfptpl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJjhd;.

Mdhy;> xU ,];yhkpaidg; ghh;j;J> ''eP ahh;?"" vd;W Nfs;tp vOg;gg;gl;lhy; mthplkpUe;J

tuf;$ba nghJthd gjpy; “ehd; xU ]{d;dp> vd;gjhfNth my;yJ “ehd; xU \pah>
vd;gjhfNthj;jhd; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,d;Dk; rpyh; jq;fis> “'\h/gp<" vd;Wk;> “'`d/gp<"
vd;Wk; “'`k;gyp" vd;Wk; “'khypf;fp" vd;Wk; mioj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;wdh;. ,d;Dk; rpyh;
“ehd; xU 'Njt;ge;jp<" vd;Wk; “ehd; xU 'nguy;tp<" vd;Wk; jq;fis mioj;Jf;
nfhs;fpd;wdh;.

3. my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; xU cz;ikahd ,];yhkpauhf

,Ue;jhh;fs;:

Nkw;fz;lthW jq;fis mioj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; ,];yhkpah;fisg; ghh;j;J my;yh`;tpd; J}jh;

mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; ve;j gphpitr; rhh;e;jth;fs; - mjhtJ mth;fs; “'\h/gpah?"
my;yJ “'`d/gpah?" my;yJ “'`k;gypah?" my;yJ “'khypf;fpah?" vd;W Nfl;Lg;
ghUq;fs;. ,y;iy. my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs;> mth;fSf;F
Kd;Gs;s my;yh`;tpd; J}jh;fisg; Nghd;W xU cz;ikahd K];ypk; vd;gJ kl;LNk
mth;fsJ gjpyhf ,Uf;Fk;.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; %d;whtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; My - ,k;uhdpd; 54tJ trdk; egp

<]h (miy) mth;fs; Xh; ,];yhkpah; vd;gij Rl;bf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. NkYk; mUs;kiw
Fh;Mdpd; %d;whtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; My - ,k;uhdpd; 67tJ trdk; egp ,g;wh`pk;

36
(miy) mth;fs; Xh; a+jNuh my;yJ fpwp];JtNuh my;y. mth; my;yh`;Tf;F Kw;wpYk;
topg;gl;l Xh; ,];yhkpah; vd;gij Rl;bf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

4. cq;fis eP;q;fs; K];ypk;fs; vd;W milahsk; fhl;Lq;fs; vd mUs;kiw Fh;Md;

typAWj;JfpwJ:

vtuhtJ ,];yhkpah;fis ePq;fs; ahh; vd;W Nfl;lhy; - ,];yhkpah;fs; jhq;fs; ,];yhkpa

khh;f;fj;ijr; rhh;e;jth; vd;W nrhy;y Ntz;LNkj; jtpu jhq;fs; Xh; \h/gp< vd;Nwh
my;yJ jhq;fs; Xh; `d/gp vd;Nwh nrhy;yf; $lhJ.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ehw;gj;J xd;whtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; `hkPk; ][;jhtpd; 33tJ

trdk; fPo;f;fz;lthW $Wfpd;wJ.

'vth; my;yh`;tpd; gf;fk; (kf;fis) mioj;J> ]hyp`hd (ey;y)

mky;fisr; nra;J> ''epr;rakhf ehd; (my;yh`;Tf;F Kw;wpYk; topgl;l)
K];ypk;fspy; epd;Wk; cs;std;"" vd;W $Wfpd;whNuh> mtiu tpl nrhy;yhy;
mofpath; ahh;?.(,Uf;fpd;whh;).
NtW thh;j;ijfspy; nrhy;tnjd;why; - ehd; xU K];ypk; - vd;W nrhy;Yq;fs;
vd;gjhFk;.

my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; mz;zy; egp ( ]y;) mth;fs; fhyj;jpy; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;shj
kd;dh;fSf;Fk;> Ml;rpahsh;fSf;Fk; jghy; %ykhf ,];yhj;jpw;F tUkhW miog;G
tpLg;ghh;fs;. mt;thW miog;G tpLf;Fk; Nghnjy;yhk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; %d;whtJ
mj;jpahak; ]_uj;Jy; My-,k;uhdpd; 64 tJ trdj;jpd; filrp thh;j;ijfshf
mike;jpUf;Fk; “'epr;rakhf ehq;fs; K];ypk;fs; vd;gjw;F ePq;fs; rhl;rpahf
,Uq;fs;" vd;fpw trdj;ij Fwpg;gpl;L jghy;fis mDg;gp itg;ghh;fs;.
5. ,];yhj;jpd; kpfr; rpwe;j khh;f;f mwpQh;fSf;F fz;bg;ghf kjpg;gspf;f Ntz;Lk;.

khpahijf;Fhpa khh;f;f mwpQh;fshd ,khk; \h/gp (u`;)> ,khk; mg+ `dP/gh (u`;)>
,khk; `k;gy; (u`;)> ,khk; khypf; (u`;) MfpNahh; cl;gl ,];yhj;jpd; kpfr; rpwe;j
khh;f;f mwpQh;fs; midtUf;Fk; ehk; fz;bg;ghf kjpg;gspf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wp
mth;fs; Ma;T nra;J ,];yhj;jpw;F je;j gy ey;y nra;jpfSf;fhf my;yh`; mth;fSf;F
kWikapy; ew;$ypia toq;fl;Lk;. ,];yhkpah;fs; ,khk; \h/gp (u`;) mth;fs; Ma;T
nra;J ntspapl;l fUj;Jf;fisNah my;yJ ,khk; `d/gp (u`;) mth;fs; Ma;T nra;J
ntspapl;l fUj;Jf;fisNah - ntspaplg;gl;l fUj;Jf;fs; Fh;Md; - `jP]{f;F
khw;wkpy;yhj gl;rj;jpy; - vLj;J nray; gLj;Jtij vtUk; Ml;Nrgpf;f KbahJ. Mdhy;
“''eP ahh;?"" vd;W ,];yhkpaiu Nehf;fp Nfl;fg;gLk; Nfs;tpf;F “''ehd; xU K];ypk;""
vd;gJjhd; gjpyhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

6. xU rpyh; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; mwptpj;j “ 'vdJ rKjhak; 73 gphptpduhf

gphpth;" (Nkw;gb nra;jp mg+jht+j; vd;Dk; `jP];(nra;jp) Gj;jfj;jpd; 4579tJ nra;jpahf
gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ) vd;fpw nra;jpia jq;fsJ gphptpid thjj;jpw;F Mjhukhff;
fhl;b thjpLth;.
Nkw;gb nra;jpia mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; - ,];yhkpa rKjhak; 73 gphpthf gphpAk;
vd;W Kd;dwptpg;G nra;jhh;fNsj; jtpu> mth;fs; mwptpj;j Nehf;fk; ,];yhkpa rKjhak;
jq;fSf;Fs;NsNa gy gphpTfshf gphpa Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf my;y. mUs;kiw Fh;Md;
,];yhkpah;fs; gy gphpTfshf gphpe;J tplf;$lhJ vd;W ,];yhkpah;fSf;F fl;lis
,Lfpd;wJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Md; fl;lisapd;gb - mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd;

37
topKiwg;gb ahh; ,];yhj;jpy; gphptpidfis Vw;Wf; nfhs;stpy;iyNah - mth;fs;jhd;
cz;ikahd ,];yhkpa topapy; elg;gth;fs;.

mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; mwptpj;jhh;fs; - 'vd;Dila ck;kj;jpdh; 73 $l;lj;jpduhf

gphpth;. mjpy; xNunahU $l;lj;ijj; jtpu kw;w midj;J gphptpdUk; eufj;Jf;Fr;
nry;thh;fs;. Nkw;gb mwptpg;ig Nfl;l mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; md;Gj; Njhoh;fs;
Nfl;ldh;> ''nrhh;f;fj;Jf;F nry;Yk; me;j $l;lk; vJ?"" vd;W. mjw;F mz;zy; egp
(]y;) mth;fs; gjpyspj;jhh;fs;> ''me;j $l;lk; ehDk; vdJ md;Gj; Njhoh;fSk;
cs;slq;fpa $l;lk;"" vd;W. (Nkw;gb nra;jp jph;kpjp vd;w nra;jpg; Gj;jfj;jpd; 171tJ
nra;jpahf gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ).

'my;yh`;Tf;F fl;Lg;gLq;fs;. my;yh`;tpd; J}jUf;Fk; fl;Lg;gLq;fs;" vd;W

mUs;kiw Fh;Md; gy ,lq;fspy; Rl;bf; fhl;LfpwJ. xU cz;ikahd K];ypk; mUs;kiw
Fh;MidAk; - mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; topKiwiaNa gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk;. mUs;kiw
Fh;MDf;Fk;> mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; topKiwf;Fk; khw;wkpy;yhj gl;rj;jpy; ve;j
khh;f;f mwpQh;fspd; fUj;Jf;fisAk; xU cz;ikahd K];ypk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;syhk;. xU
khh;f;f mwpQhpd; fUj;J - mUs;kiw Fh;MDf;Fk;> mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd;
topKiwf;Fk; Kuz;gLkhapd; me;j fUj;Jf;F xU cz;ikahd K];ypk; kjpg;gspf;f
Ntz;ba mtrpakpy;iy. Nkw;gb khh;f;f mwpQh; vt;tsT fw;Wj; Njh;e;jtuhf ,Ue;jhYk;
rhpNa.

,];yhkpah;fs; midtUk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mid - fw;wwpe;J - mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs;

fhl;bj; je;j topKiwia rhptu gpd;gw;WNthk; vdpy; ,iw ehl;lj;jpy; ekf;fpilNa
,Uf;Fk; ,e;j gphptpid vd;w NtWghL ek;kplkpUe;J kiwAk;. ekf;Fs;Ns gphptpidaw;w
rpwe;j xw;WikAk; cUthFk;.

Nfs;tp vz;: 14

,];yhk; kpfr; rpwe;j khh;f;fkhf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ - K];ypk;fspy; gyh; ek;gpf;if -

ehzakw;wth;fshfTk; - Vkhw;Wgth;fshfTk; - yQ;rk; thq;Fgth;fshfTk; -
Nghijg;nghUs;fspd; njhlh;Gilath;fshfTk; ,Ug;gJ Vd;?.

gjpy;:

1. Clfq;fs; gug;Gk; mtJ}Wfs;:

,];yhk; Xh; rpwe;j khh;f;fk; vd;gjpy; re;NjfNkapy;iy. Mdhy; cyfpd; ngUk;ghyhd

Clfq;fs; ,];yhj;ijf; fz;L gae;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; Nkw;Fyfj;jpd; iffspy; ,Uf;fpwJ.
,e;j Clfq;fs; njhlh;r;rpahf ,];yhj;jpw;F vjpuhd fUj;Jf;fis mr;rpl;Lk;> xyp-xsp
gug;gpAk; tUfpd;wd. ,e;j Clfq;fs; ,]yhj;ijg; gw;wpa jtwhd jfty;fis
jUtijAk;> ,];yhkpa fUj;Jf;fis jtwhd fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; ghh;g;gijAk; njhopyhf
nfhz;Ls;sd.

vg;NghJ> vq;F ntbFz;L ntbj;jhYk; - ve;jtpj MjuKkpd;wp - Kjd; Kjypy; Fw;wk;

rhl;lg;gLtJ K];ypk;fs;jhd;. ,e;j Fw;wr; rhl;Lf;fs; Clfq;fspd; jiyg;Gr; nra;jpahf
,Uf;Fk;. gpd;dh; mth;fs; ntspapl;l nra;jp jtW vd;W njhpAk; gl;rj;jpy; - me;j nra;jp
Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mspf;fg;glhj nra;jpahf khwptpLk;.

xU Ik;gJ taJ K];ypk; nghpath; 15 taJ ngz;iz - me;j ngz;zpz; rk;kjj;NjhL -

jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;lhy; me;j nra;jp Clfq;fspd; jiyg;Gr; nra;jpahf ,Uf;Fk;.
mNj rkak; Ik;gJ taJ K];ypk; my;yhj xUth; 6taJ rpWkpAld; ty;YwT nfhz;L
tpl;lhy; me;j nra;jp Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mspf;fg;glhky; - nra;jpf; Fwpg;Gfs; Nghd;W

38
gpuRhpf;fg;gLk;. mnkhpf;fhtpy; jpdKk; 2>713 ty;YwT Fw;wq;fs; epfo;fpd;wd. me;j
nra;jpfs; vJTk; Clfq;fspy; ntspaplg;gLtjpy;iy. Vnddpy; ty;YwT Fw;wq;fs;
nra;tJ mnkhpf;fh;fspd; tho;f;ifahfptpl;lJ.

2. xt;nthU rKjhaj;jpYk; Fw;wthspfs; cz;L.

,];yhkpah;fspy; rpyh; ek;gpf;if> ehzak; mw;wth;fshfTk;> Vkhw;Wgth;fshfTk;

,Uf;fpd;whh;fs; vd;gij ehd; mwpNtd;. Mdhy; ,e;j Clfq;fs; ,];yhkpah;fs;
khj;jpuk;jhd; ,t;thW ,Ug;gjhf nghpJ gLj;jpf; fhl;Lfpd;wd. xt;nthU rKjhaj;jpYk;
Fw;wthspfs; ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. ,];yhkpah;fs; rpyh; Fbfhuh;fshf ,Ug;gJ vdf;Fj; njhpAk;.
Mdhy; ,];yhk; my;yhjth;fspy; ngUk;ghd;ikNahh; Fbfhuh;fs; vd;gJ vd;gJ midtUk;
mwpe;j nra;jp.

3. nkhj;j rKjhaj;jpYk; ,];yhkpah;fNs rpwe;jth;fs;:

,];yhkpa rKjhaj;jpy; xU rpy Fw;wthspfs; ,Ue;jhYk; - cyfpy; cs;s nkhj;j

rKjhaj;Jld; ,];yhkpah;fis xg;gpLk;NghJ - ,];yhkpah;fs;jhd; rpwe;jth;fs; vd;gjpy;
re;NjfNkapy;iy. nkhj;j rKjhaj;jpYk; ,];yhkpah;fs; jhd; rpwe;jth;fs;. ,];yhkpah;fs;
kJ mUe;Jtij Mjhpg;gjpy;iy. ,];yhkpah;fs;jhd; cyfj;jpNyNa mjpfkhf jh;kk;
toq;Fgth;fs;. ed;dlj;ij> gz;ghL> kdpj khz;Gfisg; nghWj;jtiu ,];yhkpahh;fNshL
NtW vtiuAk; xg;gplKbahj msTf;F ,];yhkpah;fs; rpwe;jth;fs; vd;gJ midtUk;
mwpe;j xd;W.

4. thfdk; Xl;Lgtiu itj;J thfdj;ij gw;wpa fzpg;Gf;F tu Ntz;lhk;.

xU Gjpa khly; “nkh;]pb]; fhh; rpwe;jjh ,y;iyah vd;gJ gw;wp mwpa Ntz;Lnkdpy; -
me;j fhiu Xl;Lgtiu itj;J xU KbTf;F tu KbahJ. fhiu Xl;Lgth; jpwik
rhypahf ,y;yhky; ,Ug;gjhy; “nkh;]pb]; fhh; rpwe;jJ ,y;iy vd;w KbTf;F tu
KbahJ. xU fhh; rpwe;jjh ,y;iyah vd;W mwpa Ntz;Lnkdpy; fhiu Nkhrkhf
Xl;Lgtiu itj;J - fhh; rpwe;jJ ,y;iy vd;w KbTf;F tuf; $lhJ. khwhf me;j
fhUila jpwik vd;d? me;j fhUila kw;WKs;s gad;fs; vd;d? me;j fhh; vd;d
Ntfj;jpy; nry;Yk; - me;j fhUila vhpnghUs; Efh;T vd;dthf ,Uf;Fk; - me;j
fhUila ghJfhg;Gj; jd;ik vd;d? vd;gijnay;yhk; itj;Jjhd; Nkw;gb fhh; rpwe;jjh?
,y;iyah vd;w KbTf;F tu Ntz;Lk;. xU thjj;jpw;fhf ,];yhkpah;fs; ey;yth;fs; my;y
vd;W itj;Jf; nfhz;lhYk;> ,];yhj;ijg; gpd;gw;Wgth;fis itj;J - ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk;
gw;wpa xU KbTf;F tUjy; $lhJ. ,];yhk; ve;j msTf;F rpwe;j khh;f;fk; vd;w xU
KbTf;F tuNtz;Lnkdpy; - ,];yhj;jpd; cz;ikahd - njspthd Mjhuq;fshd -
mUs;kiw Fh;MidAk; - mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; tho;f;if topKiwfisAk;
itj;Nj xU KbTf;F tu Ntz;Lk;.

5. ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wp xU KbTf;F tu> ,];yhkpa flikfis rhptu gpd;gw;wpath;fis

ghUq;fs;. ,];yhj;ij rhptu gpd;gw;wpath;fspy; Kjd;ikahdth; my;yh`;tpd; J}jh;
mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs;:
xU thfdj;ijg; gw;wpa KbTf;F tu Ntz;Lnkdpy; - me;j thfdj;ij ,af;ff; $ba
xU rpwe;j thfd Xl;bia itj;J - thfdj;ij ,af;fpdhy;jhd; thfdj;ij gw;wpa xU
KbTf;F tu KbAk;. mJNghyNt - ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wpa xU KbTf;F tu - ,];yhj;ij
rhpahd Kiwapy; gpd;gw;Wtjw;F vLj;Jf; fhl;lha; tpsq;ff;$ba - my;yh`;tpd; ,Wjpj;
J}jh; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; tho;f;if topKiwfisg; ghh;f;f Ntz;Lk;
,];yhkpah;fs; my;yhj - Vuhskhd tuyhw;W Mrphpah;fs; - my;yh`;tpd;J}jh; mz;zy; egp
(]y;) mth;fs; Xh; rpwe;j khkdpjh; vd;W Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;fs;. ikf;Nfy; vr;. `hh;l;
vOjpa “'jp `d;l;ul; Nkh];l; ,d;/GSad;rpay; nkd; ,d; `p];lhp" (The Hundred Most
Influential Men in History” vd;w Gj;jfj;jpy; - kdpj kdq;fis fth;e;j E}W kdpjh;fspy;

39
Kjyplk; tfpg;gJ my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs;. ,t;thW mz;zy; egp
(]y;) mth;fSf;F rpwe;j khpahij toq;fpa tuyhw;W Mrphpah;fspy; jhk]; fhh;ypy;
(Thomas Carlyle) yh-khh;bd; (La – Martin) MfpNahUk; mlq;Fth;.

Nfs;tp vz;: 15
'fh/gPh;" vd;W mioj;J khw;W kjj;jth;fis> K];ypk;fs; mtkjpg;gJ Vd;?.

gjpy;:

'fh/gPh;" vd;why; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;shjth; vd;W nghUs;:

'fh/gPh;" vd;fpw muG thh;j;ij “'F/g;h;" vd;fpw muG %y thh;j;ijapypUe;J ngwg;gl;lJ.

'F/g;h;" vd;fpw muG thh;j;ijf;F epuhfhpj;jy; my;yJ cz;ikia kiwj;jy; vd;W nghUs;.
,];yhkpa fiyr;nrhy; fsQ;rpaj;jpd;gb Nkw;gb thh;j;ijf;F ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf;
nfhs;shjth; my;yJ ,];yhk; gw;wpa cz;ikfis kiwg;gth; vd;W nghUs; cz;L.
mjid jkpo; nkhopapy; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;shjth; vd;W nghUs; nfhs;syhk;.

khw;W kjj;jth;fNs! - “'fh/gPh;" vd;w nrhy; cq;fis Gz;gLj;Jtjhf fUjpdhy;>

,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

khw;W kjj;jth;fNs! “'fh/gPh;" vd;w ePq;fs; miof;fg;gLtJ cq;fis Gz;gLj;Jtjhf

fUjpdhy; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. cq;fis vtUk; “'fh/gPh;" (,];yhj;ij
Vw;Wf;nfhs;shjth;) vd;W miof;f khl;lhh;fs;.

Nfs;tp vz;: 16

ngz;fs; vdpy; ,uz;L rhl;rpfs; Ntz;Lk; - mNj rkak; Mz;fs; vdpy; xU rhl;rp
khj;jpuk; NghJk; vd rhl;rp nrhy;tjpy; $l ,];yhj;jpy; ngz;fSf;F rk chpik
,y;yhj epiy cs;sNj. Vd;?

gjpy;:

,];yhj;jpy; vy;yh NtisfspYk; ngz;fs; vdpy; ,uz;L rhl;rpfs; Ntz;Lk; - mNj

rkak; Mz;fs; vdpy; xU rhl;rp khj;jpuk; NghJk; vd;gJ cz;ikahdJ my;y. xU rpy
Ntisfspy; khj;jpuk; ngz;fs; vdpy; ,uz;L rhl;rpfs; Ntz;Lk; - mNj rkak; Mz;fs;
vdpy; xU rhl;rp khj;jpuk; NghJk; vd;gJ ,];yhj;jpy; nrhy;yg;gl;Ls;sJ. mUs;kiw
Fh;Mdpd; Ie;J trdq;fs; rhl;rpfs; gw;wpa tpsf;fkspf;fpwJ. Nkw;gb trdq;fspy;
rhl;rpfs; gw;wp Fwpg;gpLk;nghOJ -Mz; my;yJ ngz; vd;W Fwpg;gpl;Lr; nrhy;yhky;>
nghJthf rhl;rpfs; vd;W kl;Lk; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. Nkw;gb Ie;J trdq;fspy; cs;s
xNunahU trdk; khj;jpuk; rhl;rpfspy; Mz; vd;why; xUth; vd;Wk; ngz; vd;why; ,Uth;
vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpl;L fhl;Lfpd;wJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ,uz;lhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy;
gfuhtpd; 282tJ trdk; Nkw;gb rhl;rpfs; gw;wp Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; kpf
ePz;l ,e;j trdk; nghUshjhu eltbf;iffs; gw;wp Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.

'jtpu> (ePq;fs; rhl;rpahf Vw;ff; $ba) cq;fs; Mz;fspy; ,Utiu

rhl;rpfshf;fpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. Mz;fspy; ,Uth; fpilf;fhtpl;lhy;>
rhl;rpfspy; ePq;fs; nghUe;jf; $bath;fspypUe;J Mlth; xUtiuAk;> ngz;fs;
,UtiuAk; rhl;rpfshf vLj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. (ngz;fs; ,Uth;
Vndd;why;) mt;tpUthpy; xUj;jp jtwpdhy;> ,Uthpy; kw;wts; epidt+l;Lk;
nghUl;NlahFk;." (my;-Fh;Md; - 2:184)

40
Nkw;gb trdk; nghUshjhu nfhLf;fy;> thq;fy; gw;wp mwptpf;fpwJ. nghUshjhu
nfhLf;fy; thq;fypd; NghJ xg;ge;jk; ,lr; nrhy;fpwJ. mt;thW xg;ge;jk; ,Lk;NghJ
nfhLg;gtUf;Fk; - thq;FgtUf;Fk; ,ilapy; ,uz;L egh;fis rhl;rpahf;fpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;
vd; fl;lisapLfpwJ. ,uz;L rhl;rpfSk; Mz;fshf ,Ue;jhy; ed;W vd;W
ghpe;Jiuf;fpwJ. ,uz;L Mz;fs; rhl;rpahf fpilf;ftpy;iynadpy;> xU Mz; rhl;rpiaAk;
,uz;L ngz; rhl;rpfisAk; nfhz;L xg;ge;jk; ,Lq;fs; vd;W Nkw;gb trdk;
kdpjh;fSf;F mwpTWj;JfpwJ.

cjhuzj;jpw;F - xU kdpjh; jdJ Neha;f;F xU mWit rpfpr;ir nra;J nfhs;s

tpUk;fpwhh; vdpy; - Nkw;gb mWit rpfpr;ir gw;wp cug;gpj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhf mth; ,uz;L
mWit rpfpr;ir epGzh;fis fye;J MNyhrpf;fyhk;.. my;yJ mtUf;F ,uz;L mWit
rpfpr;ir epGzh;fs; fpilf;ftpy;iynadpy;> xU mWit rpfpr;ir epGziuAk;> ,uz;L
rhjhuz kUj;Jth;fis fye;J MNyhrpg;gjpy; mth; jpUg;jp milayhk;.

mJ NghyNt nghUshjhu nfhLf;fy;> thq;fypd; NghJ ,];yhk; ,uz;L Mz;fis

rhl;rpfshf;fpf; nfhs;sr; nrhy;fpwJ. Vnddpy; Mz;fs; FLk;gj;jpw;fhf rk;ghjpf;Fk;
nghWg;ig Vw;Wf; nfhz;lth;fs;. nghUshjhu hPjpahf xg;gpLk;NghJ ngz;fistpl> Mz;fs;
nghUshjhu hPjpahf mjpfk; nghWg;Gilath;fs;. nghUshjhu hPjpahf Mz;fs; mjpfk;
nghWg;Gilath;fs; vd;gjhYk;> ngz;fs; kpff; Fiwthd nghWg;Gilath;fs; vd;gjhYk;
Mz;fs; vd;Dk; gl;rj;jpy; xUtUk;> ngz;fs; vd;Dk; gl;rj;jpy; ,uz;L NgUk;
rhl;rpakhtJ mtrpak; vd;W ,];yhk; typAWj;Jfpd;wJ. ,uz;L ngz;fs; Vnddpy; -
ngz;fspy; xUth; jtwpioj;J tpl;lhy;> kw;wth; mjid rhpnra;ayhk; vd;w
fhuzj;jhy;jhd; ,uz;L ngz;fs; rhl;rpfshf Njitg;gLfpd;wdh;. Nkw;gb trdj;jpy;
gad;gLj;jg;gl;ls;s “'j\py;" vd;w mugp thh;j;ijf;F “'Fog;gk;" my;yJ “'jtW" vd;W
nghUs;. Mdhy; Nkw;gb “'j\py;" vd;w mugp thh;j;ijf;F “'kwjp" vd;W jtwhd
nkhopahf;fk; nra;Js;sdh; gyh;. Nkw;gb xU MZk; ,uz;L ngz;Zk; rhl;rpahf ,Uf;f
Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ nghUshjhu nfhLf;fy; - thq;fy; rk;ge;jg;gl;ljw;F khj;jpuNkj; jtpu>
kw;w tp\aq;fspy; my;y.

jtpu> rpy khh;f;f mwpQh;fs; nfhiy rk;ge;jg;gl;l tptfhuq;fspYk; Nkw;gb Mz; vd;why;
xUtUk; ngz; vd;why; ,UtUk; rhl;rpahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; typAWj;Jfpd;wdh;.
Vnddpy; - gak; vd;W tUk;NghJ> Mz;fis tpl ngz;fs; mjpfk; gag;gLk; jd;ik
nfhz;lth;fs;. ngz;fs; mjpfkhf gag;gLk; fhuzj;jhy; rhl;rp nrhy;Yk;NghJ>
Fog;gkila Nehplyhk;. vdNt nfhiy rk;ge;jg;gl;l tptfhuq;fspYk; Mz; vdpy;
xUtUk;> ngz; vdpy; ,uz;L NgUk; rhl;rpahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lnkd rpy khh;f;f mwpQh;fs;
typAWj;jp cs;sdh;. Nkw;gb tptfhuq;fs; jtpu - vQ;rpAs;s midj;J tptfhuq;fspYk;
rhl;rp nrhy;tjpy; Mz; - ngz; ,UtUf;Fk; rkkhd epiyiaj;jhd; ,];yhk; toq;FfpwJ.
mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; Ie;J trdq;fs; rhl;rpfs; gw;wp Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. Nkw;gb Ie;J
trdKk; Mz; - ngz; vd;W tpj;jpahrk; Fwpg;gplhky; - rhl;rpfs; vd;W khj;jpuk;jhd;
Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.

nrhj;Jf;fhd capy; vOJk;NghJ - ,uz;L egh;fis rhl;rpahf itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;

vd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Md; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; Ie;jhtJ mj;jpahak;
]{uj;Jy; khapjhtpd; 106tJ trdk; fPo;f;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ:
'ek;gpf;if nfhz;lth;fNs!. cq;fspy; ahUf;NfDk; kuzk; rkPgpj;J (mth;
kuz rh]zk; $w tpUk;gpdhy;) mr;rkaj;jpy; cq;fSf;Fs; ek;gpf;iff;Fhpa
,uz;L rhl;rpfs; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;: my;yJ cq;fspy; vtUk; g+kpapy;
gpuahzk; nra;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ kuzk; rkPgpj;jhy; (mg;NghJ
K];ypk;fshf ,U rhl;rpfs; fpilf;fhtpbd;) cq;fisay;yhj NtwpUth;
rhl;rpahf ,Uf;fl;Lk;." (my;-Fh;Md; 5:106)

41
'tpthfuj;J nra;a tpUk;gpdhy; cq;fspy; ,uz;L Ngh; rhl;rpahf ,Uf;fl;Lk;"
vd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; mWgj;J Ie;jhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jj; jyhf;fpd; ,uz;lhtJ
trdk; $Wfpd;wJ. (my;-Fh;Md; 65:2)

'vth;fs; fw;Gs;s ngz;fs; kPJ mtJ}W $wp (mij ep&gpf;f) ehd;F

rhl;rpfis nfhz;L tutpy;iyNah> mth;fis eP;q;fs; vz;gJ firab
mbAq;fs;" vd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ,Ugj;J ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Je; E}hpd;
ehd;fhtJ trdk; $Wfpd;wJ.

jtpu> rpy khh;f;f mwpQh;fs; vy;yh tptfhuq;fspYk; rhl;rp nrhy;y Mz; vd;why; xUtUk;
ngz; vd;why; ,UtUk; rhl;rpahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; thjhLfpwhh;fs;. Nkw;gb thjk;
rhpahdjd;W. Vnddpy; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ,Ugj;J ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Je;
E}hpd; MwhtJ trdk; fPo;f;fz;lthW $Wfpd;wJ.
'vth;fs; jk; kidtpkhh;fis mtJ}W $wp (mij ep&gpf;fj;) jq;fisad;wp
mth;fsplk; NtW rhl;rpfs; ,y;yhkypUe;jhy;> mtd; epr;rakhf cz;ikNa
$Wtjhf my;yh`;tpd; ehd;F Kiw rj;jpak; nra;J $w Ntz;Lk;." (my;-
Fh;Md; 24:6).

Nkw;gb trdq;fspy; vy;yh ,lq;fspYk; rhl;rpfs; vd;W Fwpg;gplg; gl;bUf;fpwNjj; jtpu>

Mz; vd;why; xUtUk; ngz; vd;why; ,uz;L NgUk; vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gltpy;iy. Nkw;gb
trdj;jpypUe;J ngz;fisAk; jdp egh; rhl;rpahf Vw;fyhk; vd;gJ ekf;Fj;
njspthtJld;> vy;yh tptfhuq;fspYk; rhl;rp nrhy;y Mz; vd;why; xUtUk; ngz;
vd;why; ,UtUk; rhl;rpahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Nghhpd; thjKk; mbgl;L Ngha;tpLfpd;wJ.

mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; md;G kidtp Map\h (uyp) mth;fs; mwptpf;Fk; nra;jp:

,];yhj;jpd; J}z;fspy; xd;whd Nehd;gpid Nehw;gjw;fhf gpiw ghh;j;jy; rk;ge;jkhf xU

ngz;kzpapd; rhl;rp NghJkhdJ vd;gij midj;J khh;f;f mwpQh;fSk; Vw;Wf;
nfhs;fpwhh;fs;. rpy khh;f;f mwpQh;fs; Nehd;gpid Nehw;gjw;fhf gpiw ghh;f;Fk;NghJ xU
rhl;rpAk;> Nehd;G Nehw;W Kbe;J> ngUehs; nfhz;lhLtjw;fhf gpiw ghh;f;Fk;NghJ ,uz;L
rhl;rpAk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd typAWj;J fpd;whh;fs;. Nkw;gb nra;jpapYk; rhl;rp
gw;wpf; Fwpg;gplg; gl;Ls;sNjj; jtpu> Mz; rhl;rp my;yJ ngz; rhl;rp vd;W Fwpg;gpl;Lr;
nrhy;ytpy;iy.

NkYk; rpy tpthfuq;fspy; ngz;fspd; rhl;rpak; khj;jpuNk Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gLk;.

cjhuzj;jpw;F ngz;fs; rk;ge;jg;gl;l gpur;idfshd - ,we;J Nghd ngz; ikaq;fis
Fspg;ghl;LtJ - Nghd;w tpufhuq;fspy; ngz;fspd; rhl;rpak; khj;jpuNk Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gLk;.
Nkw;gb tptfhuq;fspy; Mz;fspd; rhl;rpak; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg; glkhl;lhJ.

Nfs;tp Nfl;lth; nrhd;dJ Nghd;W nghUshjhu tptfhuq;fspy; khj;jpuk; Mz; vd;why;

xUtUk; ngz; vd;why; ,uz;L NgUk; rhl;rpfshf Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W
,];yhk; epge;jid itj;Js;sJ. Nkw;gb epge;jid Vnddpy; ,];yhkpa rKjhaj;jpy; -
ngz;fSf;Fk; - Mz;fSf;Fk; nghUshjhu hPjpahf ,];yhk; toq;fpAs;s nghWg;Gf;fspd;
fhuzkhfj;jhNdj; jtpu> Mz; - ngz; vd;fpw ,d NtWghL fhuzk; my;y. kw;wgb
midj;J tptfhuq;fspYk; rhl;rpakspg;gjpy; Mz;fSf;Fk; - ngz;fSf;Fk; rkkhd
chpikiaj;jhd; ,];yhk; toq;FfpwJ.

42
Nfs;tp vz; 17.

MZf;F xU ghfk; vdpy; ngz;Zf;F ghjp ghfk;jhd; vd;w ghugl;rkhd epiy ,];yhkpa
nrhj;Jhpik rl;lj;jpy; cs;sNj. ,J Vd;?

gjpy;:

mUs;kiw Fh;Md; - thhpRfSf;F - Kiwahf nrhj;Jf;fis gphpj;Jf; nfhLg;gJ gw;wp

rhpahd tpsf;fkspf;fpwJ. nrhj;Jf;fs; gphpj;Jf; nfhLg;gJ gw;wp mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd;
,uz;lhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 180tJ trdj;jpYk;> mNj mj;jpahaj;jpd;
240tJ trdj;jpYk;> ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jd;dp]htpd; 7Kjy; 9tJ tiuAs;s
trdq;fspYk;> mNj mj;jpahaj;jpd; 19tJ trdj;jpYk;> 33tJ trdj;jpYk;> Ie;jhtJ
mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; khapjhtpd; 106 Kjy; 108tJ trdq;fspYk; my;yh`;
Fwpg;gpLfpd;whd;.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jd; dp]htpd; 11 kw;Wk; 12 tJ trdKk;

176 tJ trdk; Mfpa %d;W trdq;fSk; neUq;fpa cwtpdh;fSf;fpilNa nrhj;Jf;fis
gq;fpLtJ gw;wp kpfj; njspthd tpsf;fkspf;fpwJ.
'cq;fs; kf;fspy; Xh; MZf;F ,uz;L ngz;fSf;Ff; fpilf;Fk;
gq;FNghd;wJ fpilf;Fk; vd;W my;yh`; cq;fSf;F cgNjrpf;fpd;whd;.
ngz;fs; kl;Lk; ,Ue;J> mth;fs; ,uz;L my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;bUe;jhy;
mth;fSf;F ,we;J Nghdth; tpl;Lr; nrd;wjpy; %d;wpy; ,uz;L ghfk;
fpilf;Fk;. Mdhy; xNu ngz;zhf ,Ue;jhy; mts; gq;F ghjpahFk;." (my;-
Fh;Md; 4 : 11)

,we;jtUf;Ff; Foe;ij ,Uf;Fkhdhy; ,we;jth; tpl;Lr; nrd;wjpy; Mwpy; xU

ghfk; (mtuJ) ngw;Nwhh; xt;nthUtUf;Fk; cz;L. Mdhy; ,we;jtUf;Ff;
Foe;ij ,y;yhjpUe;J> ngw;Nwhh; khj;jpuNk thhprhf ,Ue;jhy; mth; jha;f;F
%d;wpy; xU ghfk;. (kPjp je;ijf;F chpajhFk;): ,we;jtUf;F rNfhjuh;fs;
,Ue;jhy; mth; jha;f;F Mwpy; xU ghfk;jhd;. (kPjp je;ijf;Fr; NrUk;).
,t;thW gphpj;Jf; nfhLg;gJ mth; nra;Js;s kuz rh]dj;ijAk;> flidAk;
epiwNtw;wpa gpd;dh;jhd;> cq;fs; ngw;Nwhh;fSk;> Foe;ijfSk; - ,th;fspy;
ahh; ed;ik gag;gjpy; cq;fSf;F neUf;fkhf ,Ug;gth;fs; vd;W ePq;fs;
mwpa khl;Bh;fs;: Mifapdhy; (,e;j ghfg; gphptpid) my;yh`;tplkpUe;J
te;j fl;lisahFk;: epr;rakhf my;yh`; (ahtw;iwAk;) ed;fwpe;jtdhfTk;
kpf;f QhdKilatdhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whd;." (my;-Fh;Md; 4 : 11)
,d;Dk; cq;fs; kidtpah; tpl;Lr; nrd;wjpy; - mth;fSf;Fg; gps;is
,y;yhjpUe;jhy; cq;fSf;Fg; ghjp ghfk; cz;L. mth;fSf;Fg; gps;is
,Ue;jhy; mth;fs; tpl;Lr; nrd;wjpypUe;J cq;fSf;Ff; fhy; ghfk;jhd;.
(,JTk;) mth;fs; nra;jpUf;fpw kuz rh]zj;ijAk;> flidAk; epiwNtw;wpa
gpd;dh;jhd;. jtpu> cq;fSf;Fg; gps;isapy;yhjpUg;gpd;> ePq;fs; tpl;Lr;
nrd;wjpypUe;J mth;fSf;Ff; fhy; ghfk;jhd;. cq;fSf;Fg; gps;is
,Ue;jhy;> mg;NghJ mth;fSf;F ePq;fs; tpl;Lr; nrd;wjpy; vl;by; xU
ghfk;jhd;. (,JTk;) ePq;fs; nra;jpUf;Fk; kuz rh]zj;ijAk;> flidAk;
epiwNtw;wpa gpd;dNujhd;. je;ij> ghl;ld; Nghd;w Kd; thhpRfNsh my;yJ
gps;is> Ngud; Nghd;w gpd; thhpRfNsh ,y;yhj xU MNzh> my;yJ xU
ngz;Nzh> ,th;fSf;F xU rNfhjuNdh my;yJ xU rNfhjhpNah ,Ue;jhy;>
43
mth;fs; xt;nthUtUf;Fk; Mwpy; xU ghfk; cz;L. Mdhy; mjw;F mjpfkhf
,Ue;jhy; mth;fs; %d;wpy; xU ghfj;jpy; rkkhfg; gq;fpl;Lf; nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;. (,JTk;) mth;fspd; kuz rh]zj;ijAk;> flidAk; epiwNtw;wpa
gpd;dh;jhd;. Mdhy; (kuz rh]zj;ijf; nfhz;L thhpRfs;) vtUf;Fk;
e\;lk; Vw;glf; $lhJ: (,J) my;yh`;tpdhy; tpjpf;fg;gl;ljhFk;. ,d;Dk;
my;yh`; (ahtw;iwAk;) ed;fwpe;jtdhfTk;> kpf;f nghWikAilNahDkhfTk;
,Uf;fpd;whd;. (my;-Fh;Md; 4:12)
'(egpNa!) fyhyh (jfg;gd;> jha;> ghl;ld;> gps;is> Ngud; Mfpa thhpRfs;
,y;yhj nrhj;J) gw;wpa khh;f;ff; fl;lisia mth;fs; ck;kplk; Nfl;fpwhh;fs;.
ePh; $Wk;: my;yh`; cq;fSf;F (,t;thW) fl;lisapLfpwhd;;: xU kdpjd;
,we;J tpl;lhy;> mtDf;F kf;fs; ,y;yhkypUe;J xU rNfhjhp kl;Lk;
,Ue;jhy;> mtSf;F mtd; tpl;Lr; nrd;wjpypUe;J rhp ghjp gq;F cz;L.
ahUk; ,y;yhjpUe;jhy;> (mtSila rNfhjudhfpa) mtd;> mts; nrhj;J
KOikf;Fk; thhpR Mthd;. ,U rNfhjhpfs; ,Ue;jhy;> mtd; tpl;Lr; nrd;w
nrhj;jpy; %d;wpy; ,uz;L ghfj;ij milthh;fs;. mtSf;F cld;
gpwe;jth;fs; Mz;fSk;> ngz;fSkhf ,Ue;jhy;> ,uz;L ngz;fSf;Fhpa
ghfk; Xh; MZf;F cz;L. eP;q;fs; top jtwhky; ,Ug;gjw;fhfNt my;yh`;
cq;fSf;F (,t;tpjpfis) tpsf;fp itf;fpwhd;. my;yh`; ahtw;iwAk; ed;F
mwpe;jtdhf ,Uf;fpd;whd;." (my;-Fh;md; 4 : 176).
rpy re;jh;g;gq;fspy; khj;jpuk; ngz; thhpRfSf;F> Mz; thhpRfs; ngWk; gq;iftpl ghjp
ghfk; mth;fspd; (ngz;thhpRfspd;) gq;fhf fpilf;fpwJ. ,we;J Nghdth; - jdf;F
thhpRfs; vJTkpd;wp - jdJ kidtpapd; Ke;ija fztUf;Fg; gpwe;j ,uz;L thhpRfs; -
(mjhtJ xU kfDk; - kfSk;) ,Ue;jhy; -me;j kfDf;Fk;> kfSf;Fk; - ,we;J Nghdth;
tpl;Lr; nrd;w nrhj;jpy; Mwpy; xU ghfNk - mth;fsJ gq;fhf fpilf;Fk;. Nkw;gb
egUf;F thhpRfs; ,Ue;jhy; - ,we;J Nghdthpd; nrhj;jpy; Mwpy; xU ghfk; mtuJ
ngw;NwhUf;Fk; - fpilf;Fk;.

rpy rkaq;fspy; ngz; thhpRfs;> Mz; thhpRfistpl ,uz;L klq;F nrhj;Jf;fis

jq;fsJ gq;fhf ngWtJk; cz;L. ,we;J Nghdth; xU jpUkzkhfpa ngz;zhf
,Ue;J - mtUf;F Foe;ijfNsh my;yJ rNfhju - rNfhjhpfNsh ,y;yhj gl;rj;jpy; -
mtuJ fztUf;Fk; - ,we;J Nghd ngz;Zila ngw;NwhUf;Fk; fpilf;Fk; gq;F
vd;dntdpy; - fztUf;F ghhjp gq;Fk;> ,we;J Nghd ngz;Zila - jhahUf;F(capNuhL
,Uf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy;) %d;wpy; xU gq;Fk; - je;ijf;F Mwpy; xU gq;Fk; fpilf;Fk;. ,J
Nghd;w Ntisapy; ngz;Zf;F fpilf;Fk; nrhj;jpd; gq;F - MZf;F fpilf;Fk; nrhj;jpd;
gq;iftpl ,U klq;F mjpfkhFk;.

MapDk; ngz;fSf;F fpilf;Fk; nrhj;jpd; gq;if tpl - Mz;fSf;F fpilf;Fk; nrhj;jpd;

gq;F mjpfk; vd;gJ cz;ik. fPo;f;fhZk; cjhuzq;fis mjw;F vLj;Jf; fhl;lhf
nfhs;syhk;:

1. kfSf;F fpilf;Fk; nrhj;jpd; gq;F - kfDf;F fpilf;Fk; nrhj;ij tpl ghjp ghfk;.
2. ,we;J NghdtUf;F Foe;ijfs; ,y;iy vd;Dk; gl;rj;jpy; - ,we;j Nghdthpd;
jhahUf;F vl;by; xU gFjpAk; - ,we;J Nghdthpd; je;ijahUf;F ehd;fpy; xU
gFjpAk; nrhj;jpy; gq;fhf fpilf;Fk;.
3. ,we;J NghdtUf;F Foe;ijfs; ,Uf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy; - ,we;j Nghdthpd; jhahUf;F
ehd;fpy; xU gFjpAk; - ,we;J Nghdthpd; je;ijahUf;F ,uz;by; xU gFjpAk;
nrhj;jpy; gq;fhf fpilf;Fk;.

44
4. ,we;J NghdtUf;F Kd; thhpR my;yJ gpd; thhpR ,y;yhj gl;rj;jpy; - mtuJ
rNfhjuUf;F fpilf;Fk; gq;iftpl ghjp ghfNk mtuJ rNfhjhpf;F fpilf;Fk;.

,];yhj;jpy; ngz;fs; kPJ nghUshjhur; RikNah my;yJ FLk;gj;ijf; ftdpf;Fk;

nghWg;Ngh Rkj;jg;gltpy;iy. xU ngz; jpUkzk; Kbf;fg;gLk; tiu mtsJ Njitfs;
midj;ijAk; epiwNtw;Wk; nghWg;G mtsJ je;ij my;yJ mtsJ rNfhjudpd;
filkahFk;. mtsJ jpUkzj;jpw;Fg; gpwF> mtsJ Njitfs; midj;ijAk; epiwNtw;Wk;
nghWg;G mtsJ fztd; my;yJ mtsJ kfdpd; filikahFk;. ,];yhj;jpy;
FLk;gj;jpd; nghUshjhu Njitfs; midj;ijAk; epiwNtw;Wk; nghWg;G Mz;fs; kPJ
flikahf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Nkw;gb FLk;gj;jpd; nghUshjhu Njitia epiwNtw;Wk;
nghUl;Nl ,];yhkpa Mz;fSf;F> ngz;fistpl nrhj;jpy; mjpf gq;F mspf;fg;gLfpwJ.
cjhuzj;jpw;F ,uz;L thhpRfis cila xU kdpjh; (xU kfd;> xU kfs;)
,we;Jtpl;lhh; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. ,we;J Nghd kdpjUf;F &gha; 150>000
kjpg;Gs;s nrhj;Jf;fs; ,Ue;jhy; - ,we;J NghdtUila kfDf;F &gha; xU yl;rk;
kjpg;Gs;s nrhj;Jf;fSk;> kfSf;F &gha; Ik;gjhapuk; kjpg;Gs;s nrhj;Jf;fSk; mth;fsJ
gq;fhf fpilf;Fk;. xU yl;rk; kjpg;Gs;s nrhj;Jf;fis jdJ gq;fhf fpilf;fg;ngw;w
kfDf;F FLk;gj;jpy; cs;s vy;yh nrytpdq;fspd; kPJk; nghWg;G cz;L. mtUf;Ff;
fpilf;fg;ngw;w xU yl;rk; kjpg;Gs;s nrhj;Jf;fs; KOtijANkh my;yJ me;j
nrhj;Jf;fspy; ngUk; gq;ifNah (&gha; vd;gJ Mapuk; kjpg;gs;s nrhj;Jf;fis) - mth;
FLk;gj;jpw;fhf nryT nra;Jtpl;L - vQ;rpAs;s ,Ugjpdhapuk; kjpg;Gs;s nrhj;Jf;fis
khj;jpuk; mth; jdJ gq;fhf vLj;Jf; nfhs;s KbAk;. Mdhy; Ik;gjpdhapuk; &gha;
kjpg;Gs;s nrhj;Jf;fis jdJ gq;fhf ngw;w kfs; - mjpypUe;J xU igrh $l vtUf;Fk;
nryT nra;ahJ (Vnddpy; ,];yhk; ngz;fs; kPJ FLk;gj;jpd; ve;j nghUshjhu
RikiaAk; Rkj;jhj fhuzj;jhy;) KO kjpg;Gs;s nrhj;ijAk; jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;bUf;f
KbAk;.

,];yhkpa nrhj;Jhpikahy; gad; ngWtJ ahh; vd;W ,g;NghJ nrhy;Yq;fs;. xU yl;rk;

kjpg;Gs;s nrhj;Jf;fis jdJ gq;fhf ngw;W> mjpy; vd;gjhapuk; &ghiar; nryT nra;J
tpl;L kPjp ,Ugjpdhapuk; &gha; kjpg;Gs;s nrhj;Jf;fis jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;bUf;Fk; - xU
,];yhkpa Mz;thhprh? my;yJ Ik;gjpdhapuk; &gha; kjpg;Gs;s nrhj;Jf;fis jdJ
gq;fhf ngw;Wf; nfhz;L> mjpypUe;J xU igrh $l nryT nra;ahJ KO kjpg;Gs;s
nrhj;ijAk; jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,];yhkpa ngz;thhprh?.

Nfs;tp vz; 18.

kWik tho;f;if (mjhtJ kdpjd; ,we;j gpd;G xU tho;f;if cz;L) vd;gij vg;gb
ep&gpg;gPh;fs;?.

gjpy;:

1. kWik (,wg;Gf;F gpd; cs;s tho;f;if) ek;gpf;if fz;%bj;jdj;ij mbg;gilahff;

nfhz;lJ my;y.

mwptpay; mwpTk; - jh;f;fhPjpahd czh;Tk; nfhz;l ,e;j fhyj;jpy; vg;gb ,wg;Gf;F gpd;Gk;
xU tho;T cz;L vd;gij ek;GtJ vd Vuhskhd Ngh; tpag;gilfpwhh;fs;. kdpjd;
,we;j gpwFk; xU tho;f;if cz;L vd;W ek;GtJ fz;%bj;jdkhdJ vd;W VuhskhdNgh;
vz;zpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhh;fs;.

vd;Dila kWik ek;gpf;if jh;f;f hPjpia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lJ.

45
2. kWik ek;gpf;if jh;f;f hPjpahd ek;gpf;ifahFk;.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; Mapuj;Jf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l trdq;fs; mwptpay; cz;ikfisg; gw;wp

nrhy;Yfpd;wd. (,J gw;wpa KO tpguk; mwpa lhf;lh;. [h`ph; ehaf; Mq;fpyj;jpy; vOjp
ntspahfpAs;s“''Quran and Modern Science Compatible Or Incompatilble” vd;w Gj;jfj;ij
gbAq;fs;. Fh;Md; nrhy;Yk; mwptpay; cz;ikfspy; gy rhpahdJjhd; vd;W fle;j rpy
E}w;whz;Lfspy;jhd; fz;lwpag;gl;Ls;sJ. MapDk; Fh;Md; $Wk; mwptpay; cz;ikfs;
midj;Jk; rhpahdJjhd; vd;W fz;lwpag;gLk; mstpw;F> mwptpay; ,d;Dk;
tsh;r;rpailatpy;iy.

cjhuzj;jpw;F mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; nrhy;yg;gl;l mwptpay; cz;ikfspy; 80 rjtPjk;

cz;ikfs; 100 rjtPjk; rhpahdJjhd; vd;W fz;lwpag; gl;Ls;sjhf itj;Jf;nfhz;lhy;>
vQ;rpapUg;gJ 20 rjtPj cz;ikfs;jhd;. mwptpaypy; xU Fwpg;gpl;l cz;ikia gw;wpa
tpguk; cldbahf fz;lwpag; gLtjpy;iy. Vnddpy; xU cz;ikia cldbahf mJ
cz;ik vd;W xg;Gf; nfhs;Sk; mstpw;Nfh my;yJ cldbahf mJ ngha; vd;W xJf;fpj;
js;Sk; mstpw;Nfh mwptpay; ,d;Dk; tsh;r;rpailatpy;iy. ,t;thW kdpj Fyk;
nfhz;bUf;Fk; xU Fwpg;gpl;l msT mwpitf; nfhz;L - mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; nrhy;yg;gl;l
cz;ikfspy; ,Jtiu mwptpay; hPjpahf rhp fhzg;glhj 20 rjtPj trdq;fspy; - xU
rjtPj trdk; $l rhpahdJ my;y vd;gij jpl;ltl;lkhf tiuaWj;Jf; $w KbahJ.
mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; nrhy;yg;gl;l cz;ikfspy; vd;gJ rjtPjk; cz;ikfSk; Kw;wpYk;>
mjhtJ 100 rjtPjk; rhpahdJjhd; vd;W mwptpay; hPjpahf ep&gpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.
,Jtiu mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; nrhy;yg;gl;l cz;ikfspy; - vQ;rpAs;s 20 rjtPj
cz;ikfSk; rhpahdJ my;y vd;W mwptpay; hPjpahf ,d;Wtiu ep&gpf;fg;gltpy;iy.
vdNt jh;f;fhPjp tpjpapd;gb Fh;Md; $Wk; mwptpay; cz;ikfspy; vQ;rpAs;s 20 rjtPj
cz;ikfSk; - rhpahdjhfNt ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. kWik tho;f;ifg; gw;wp mUs;kiw
nrhy;Yk; trdq;fs; ahTk; mwptpay; hPjpapy; ep&gpf;fg;glhj 20 rjtPj cz;ikfSf;Fs;
mlq;fpAs;sJ. vdNt gFj;jwpT hPjpahf kWik tho;f;if gw;wpa vq;fsJ ek;gpf;if
rhpahdNj.

3. kWik tho;f;if gw;wpa ek;gpf;if ,y;yhky;> kdpj eyk; kw;Wk; kdpj mikjp Nghd;w
fUj;Jf;fis nfhz;bUg;gJ Njitapy;yhj xd;W.

rKjhaj;ijf; nfhs;isabg;gJ ey;yjh? nfl;ljh? vd;W Nfl;lhy; rhjhuz epiyapy;

cs;s xU kdpjd; rKjhaj;ijf; nfhs;isabg;gJ nfl;lJ vd;Nw gjpyspg;ghd;.
rKjhaj;jpy; nry;thf;F kpf;f> gyk; kpFe;j xU rKjha nfhs;isf;fhuDf;F
rKjhaj;ijf; nfhs;isabg;gJ jtwhdJ vd;W xU rhjhuz epiyapy; cs;s kdpjd;
vt;thW czh;j;j KbAk;?

cjhuzj;jpw;F ehd; rKjhaj;jpy; nry;thf;F kpFe;j - gyrhypahd xU nfhs;isf; fhud;

vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. mNj rkak; ehd; kpFe;j mwpTila xU jh;f;fthjpAk;
$l. nfhs;is mbg;gJ rhpahdJjhd; vd;W ehd; nrhy;fpNwd;. Vnddpy;
nfhs;isabg;gjhy; rKjhaj;jpy; xU rpwe;j Mlk;gukhd tho;f;ifia mDgtpf;fyhk;.
vdNt nfhs;isabg;gJ vdf;F ey;yJ vd;W ehd; nrhy;fpNwd;.

nfhs;isabg;gJ rhpahdJ my;y vd;W ahuhtJ vd;dplk; jh;f;f hPjpahf thjpl

KaYthh;fs; vdpy; mth;fspd; thjj;ij vd;dhy; cldbahf Kwpabf;f KbAk;.
nfhs;isabg;gJ rhpahdJ my;y vd;W vd;dplk; thjpl Kw;gl;lth;fs; itj;j thjq;fs;
gpd;tUkhW.

46
A. jpULgtd; f\;lq;fis mDgtpg;ghd;.:

ahh; jpULfpwhNdh> mtd; f\;lq;fis mDgtpg;ghd; vd;W rpyh; thjpLthh;fs;. jpUl;Lf;

nfhLj;jth; Ntz;Lnkdpy; f\;lq;fis mDgtpg;ghh;fNsj; jtpu> jpUbath; fz;bg;ghf
f\;lq;fis mDgtpg;gjpy;iy. jpUbatd; ey;yijNa mDgtpg;ghd;. Mapuk; lhyh;fis
jpUba xUtd;> xU Ie;J el;rj;jpu N`hl;lypy; Mlk;gu czT cz;zyhk;.

B. eP jpUbdhy;> cd;dplk; NtW vtuhtJ jpULthh;fs;.

eP ahhplkhtJ jpUbdhy;> cd;dplkpUe;J NtW vtuhtJ jpULthh;fs; vd;W rpyh;

thjpLthh;fs;. vd;dplkpUe;J vtUk; jpUl Kbahj msTf;F ehd; xU gyk; gilj;j
jpUld;. jtpu vd;idg; ghJfhf;fntd;W gy mbahl;fis ehd; itj;jpUf;fpNwd;. ehd;
NtW vthplkpUe;Jk; jpUl KbANkj; jtpu> vd;dplkpUe;J vtUk; jpUl Kbahj msTf;F
ehd; xU gyk; nghUe;jpa jpUld;. jpULtJ xU rhjhuz kdpjDf;F Ntz;Lnkdpy;
f\;lkhd Ntiyahf ,Uf;fyhk;. Mdhy; vd; Nghd;w gilgyk;> gzgyk; cs;s
xUtDf;F jpULtJ vspjhdJ.

C. jpUbdhy; fhty; Jiw ifJ nra;Ak;.

jpUbdhy; fhty; Jiw ifJ nra;Ak; vd;W rpyh; thjplyhk;. ehd; jpUbdhYk; fhty;
Jiw vd;id ifJ nra;a Kbahj msTf;F ehd; fhty; Jiwapdiu tpiyf;F
thq;fpapUf;fpNwd;. ke;jphpfis $l ehd; tpiyf;F thq;ff; $ba mstpw;F vdf;F
gzgyk; cz;L. xU rhjhuz kdpjd; jpUbdhy; mtid fhty; Jiw ifJ nra;Ak;
vd;gij ehd; Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpNwd;. Mdhy; ehNdh fhty; Jiw $l ifJ nra;a
Kbahj mstpw;F gilgyKk;> gzgyKk; cs;std;. vdNt ehd; jpUbdhy; vd;id
fhty; Jiw ifJ nra;ahj mstpw;F ehd; xU gyk; nghUe;jpa Fw;wthsp.

D. jpULtjd; %yk; vspjhf gzk; rk;ghjpf;fyhk;.

jpULtjd; %yk; vspjhf gzk; fpilf;fpwJ. gzk; fpilf;f mjpfkhf f\;lg;gl Ntz;ba
mtrpak; ,y;iy vd;W rpyh; thjplyhk;. jpULtjhy; vspjhf gzk; rk;ghjpf;f KbAk;
vd;gij ehd; KOikahf Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpNwd;. gzk; vspjhf fpilf;fpwJ vd;fpw xNu
fhuzj;jhy;jhd; ehd; jpULfpNwd;. xU kdpjd; vspjhd KiwapYk; gzk; rk;ghjpf;fyhk;.
fbdkhd KiwapYk; gzk; rk;ghjpf;fyhk; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. xU
Gj;jprhypahd kdpjd; vspjhd Kiwapy; gzk; rk;ghjpf;Fk; topiaj;jhd; Njh;e;njLg;ghd;.

E. jpULtJ kdpjj; jd;ikf;F vjpuhdJ.

jpULtJ kdpj Fyj;jpw;F vjpuhdJ. XU kdpjd; kw;w kdpjh;fspd; eyj;ijg; gw;wpAk;

rpe;jpj;J nray;gl Ntz;Lk; vd rpyh; thjplyhk;. ,t;thW thjpLgth;fisg; ghh;j;J ehd;
rpy Nfs;tpfis Nfl;fpNwd;. “'kdpjj; jd;ik" vd;fpw rl;lj;ij vOjp itj;jJ ahh;?.
ehd; vjw;fhf me;j rl;lj;ijg; gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk;?.

kdpjj; jd;ik vd;fpw rl;lk; - czh;T G+h;tkhd kdpjh;fSf;F Ntz;Lnkdpy;

rhpahdjhfj; njhpayhk;. Mdhy; ehd; xU jh;f;f hPjpahd> Raeyk; nfhz;l kdpjd;.
gpwUila eyk; NgZtjhy; vdf;F ve;j ed;ikAk; ,y;iy. vdNt kdpjj; jd;ik
vd;gJ vy;yhk; vdf;F xU nghUl;Nlay;y.

47
F. jpULtJ Raeyk;.

jpULtJ Raeyk; vd;W rpyh; thjplyhk;. jpULtJ raeyk; vd;gJ E}W rjtPjk;
cz;ikahdJjhd;. jpULtjhy; ehd; vdJ tho;f;ifia f\;lkpd;wp Rfkhf
mDgtpf;fyhk; vd;fpw #o;epiyapy;> ehd; Vd; xU Raeythjpahf ,Uf;ff; $lhJ?.

jpULtJ jtW vd;fpw jh;f;fhPjpahd thjk; xd;iwf; $l vtuhYk; vLj;J itf;f

KbahJ.

,t;thW jpULtJ jtW vd;fpw jh;f;fhPjpahd thjk; xd;iwf; $l vtuhYk; vLj;J itf;f
KbahJ. Nkw;fhZk; jh;f;f hPjpahd thjq;fs; ahTk; rhjhuz kdpjh;fis Ntz;Lkhdhy;
jpUg;jp nfhs;s itf;fyhk;. Mdhy; Nkw;gb jh;f;f hPjpahd thjq;fs; rKjhaj;jpy; gyk;
tha;e;j Fw;wthspfis jpUg;jp gLj;j KbahJ. Nkw;$wg;gl;l thjq;fs; vJTk; rhpahd
fhuz fhhpaq;fSld; ep&gpf;fg;gl Kbahj thjq;fs; MFk;. vdNtjhd; jw;NghJ cyfk;
KOtJk; vz;zw;w Fw;wthspfs; ,Uf;fpd;wdh;.

,t;thWjhd; rKjhaj;jpy; kype;J Ngha;f; fplf;Fk; ,d;dgpw Fw;wq;fshd ty;YwT

nfhs;sy;> Vkhw;Wjy; Nghd;witAk; rhpahdJ my;y vd;W rKjhaj;jpy; gyk; tha;e;j
Fw;wthspfSf;F Kd;G jh;f;f hPjpahf ep&gpf;fg;glhj Fw;wq;fs; MFk;.

2. xU K];ypk; rKjhaj;jpy; gyk; tha;e;j> nry;thf;F kpFe;j Fw;wthspia> mtd;

nra;tJ Fw;wk; vd;W vspjhf ek;g itf;f KbAk;.

,g;NghJ ehk; ,lk; khwpf; nfhs;Nthk;. ePq;fs; cyfj;jpy; gyk; tha;e;j> nry;thf;F kpf;f
xU Fw;wthsp vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;. cq;fsJ fl;lisf;F mbgzpa Ml;fSk;>
mikr;rh;fSk; ,Uf;fpwhh;fs; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. jtpu cq;fis
ghJfhg;gjw;F jdpahf xU $ypg;gilAk; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;Wk; itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.
jpULjy;> ty;YwT nfhs;sy;> Vkhw;Wjy; Nghd;w vy;yh jPar; nray;fSk; jtW vd;W -
ehd; xU K];ypk; vd;fpw hPjpapy; - vd;dhy; ep&gpf;f KbAk;.

jpULtJ Fw;wk; vd;gJ gw;wp - xU Fw;wthspapd; Kd;G - ehk; NkNy tpthpj;Js;s

tpthjq;fis vLj;J itf;Fk;NghJ - me;j Fw;wthsp jpULtJ Fw;wk; my;y vd;W NkNy
Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sJ Nghy; thjhbdhYk; jpULjy;> ty;YwT nfhs;sy;> Vkhw;Wjy; Nghd;w vy;yh
jPar; nray;fSk; jtW vd;W - ehd; xU K];ypk; vd;fpw hPjpapy; - vd;dhy; ep&gpf;f
KbAk;.

rKjhaj;jpy; rf;jp kpf;f kw;Wk; nry;thf;F kpf;f xU Fw;wthsp - mtd; nra;Ak;

Fw;wq;fs; vJTNk Fw;wky;y vd;W jh;f;f hPjpahf nra;Ak; tpthjq;fs; ahTk; cz;ik ehd;
Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; mNj Ntisapy; jpULjy;> ty;YwT nfhs;sy;> Vkhw;Wjy; Nghd;w vy;yh
jPar; nray;fSk; jtW vd;W - ehd; xU K];ypk; vd;fpw hPjpapy; - vd;dhy; ep&gpf;f
KbAk;.

3. vy;yh kdpjh;fSk; ePjp epiy epWj;jg;gLtij tpUk;Gfpwth;fNs!

vy;yh kdpjh;fSk; ePjp epiy epiy epWj;jg;gLtij tpUk;Gthh;fs;. gpwUf;F ePjp

fpilg;gij ntWg;gth;fshf ,Ue;jhYk;> jdf;F ePjp fpilf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij
tpUk;Ggth;fshj;jhd; ,Ug;ghh;fs;. rpyNgh; gjtp kw;Wk; nry;thf;F vd;Dk; mjpfhu
Nghij jiyf;Nfwpath;fshf - gpwiu Jd;GWj;jTk; - mepahak; ,isf;fTk; Jzpe;J
tpLthh;fs;. gjtpAk;> nry;thf;Fk; nfhz;lth;fs; - mjd; gyj;ijf; nfhz;L gpwUf;F
mepahak; nra;a KidtNjhL - Nkw;gb gjtpAk; - nry;thf;Fk; - jq;fSf;F gpwh; mepahak;
nra;tij jLf;Fk; vd;Wk; fUJfpwhh;fs;. gjtp kw;Wk; nry;thf;F vd;Dk; mjpfhu

48
Nghijia ifapy; itj;jpUg;gth;fs; $l - jq;fSf;F xU mepahak; ,isf;fg;gLk; NghJ
- ePjp fpilf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wjhd; tpUk;Gthh;fs;.

4. ,iwtd; kpf;f ePjpAk;> ty;yikAk; nfhz;ltd;.

ehd; xU K];ypk; vd;fpw hPjpapy; Fw;wthspf;F Kjypy; - ,iwtd; ,Uf;fpd;whd; vd;gij

njspthf;FNtd;. (,iwtd; ,Uf;fpd;whd; vd;gij vg;gb njspthf;FtJ vd;w
Nfs;tpf;fhd tpilia ghUq;fs;) ,iwtd; vy;NyhiuAk;tpl ty;yik kpf;ftd;. ,iwtd;
ePjpAk; Neh;ikAk; cilatd; vd;gijAk; me;j Fw;wthspf;F njspthf;FNtd;. mUs;kiw
Fh;Mdpd; ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Je; ep\htpd; 40tJ trdk; $Wk; “ 'epr;rakhf
my;yh`; (vtUf;Fk;) Xh; mZtsT $l mepahak; nra;a khl;lhd;" vd;fpw
thh;j;ijfis vLj;Jiug;Ngd;.

5. ,iwtd;> vd;id jz;bf;ftpy;iy. Vd;?

mwptpay; hPjpahfTk;> jh;f;f hPjpahfTk;> mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; cs;s mwptpay; cz;ikfis

czh;e;J> ,iwtd; ,Uf;fpd;whd; vd;gij xg;Gf; nfhz;l Fw;wthsp> ,j;jid
ty;yikAk;> ePjpiaAk; nfhz;l ,iwtd; jd;id Vd; jz;bf;ftpy;iy vd;W thjk;
nra;ayhk;.

6. ahnuy;yhk; mepahak; nra;fpwhh;fNsh> mth;fs; fz;bg;ghf jz;bf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

gzgyk;> kw;Wk; rKjha nry;thf;F ,itfSf;nfy;yhk; mg;ghw;gl;L> ahnuy;yhk; mepahak;

nra;ag;gl;lhh;fNsh mth;fs; - jq;fSf;F Fw;wk; ,ioj;jth;fs; fz;bg;ghf jz;bf;fg;gl
Ntz;Lk; vd;gij tpUk;Gthh;fs;. ty;YwT nfhz;lth;fSf;Fk;> jpUbath;fSf;Fk; rhpahd
xU ghlk; fw;gpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W vy;yh rhjhuz kdpjh;fSk; vz;ZtJ ,ay;G.
,t;Tyfpy; Vuhskhd Fw;wthspfs; mth;fs; nra;j Fw;wq;fSf;fhf jz;bf;fg;gl;lhYk;>
gyh; mth;fs; nra;j Fw;wq;fSf;fhf jz;bf;fg;glhky; tpLtpf;fg;gLtij ghh;f;fpNwhk;.
mt;thW tpLtpf;fg;gl;lth;fs; kfpo;r;rpahf> Mlk;gukhf njhy;iyaw;w epk;kjpNahL ,t;Tyfpy;
tho;tij ehk; fhz;fpNwhk;. gzgyKk;> nry;thf;Fk; epiwe;j xUtUf;F> mtiutpl
mjpf gzgyKk;> mjpf nry;thf;Fk; ngw;w xUtuhy; mepahak; nra;ag;gLk;NghJ> jdf;F
mepahak; nra;jth; fz;bg;ghf jz;bf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gij tpUk;Gthh;.

7. ,t;Tyfpy; ehk; thOfpd;w tho;f;if> kW cyf tho;f;iff;fhd xU Njh;T.

,t;Tyfpy; ehk; thOfpd;w tho;f;if> kW cyf tho;f;iff;fhd xU Njh;Tjhd; vd;gij

mUs;kiw FHMdpd; mWgj;J VohtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; Ky;f;fpd; 02tJ trdk;
fPo;f;fz;lthW Rl;bf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

'cq;fspy; vth; nray;fshy; kpfTk; mofhdth; vd;gijr; Nrhjpg;gjw;fhf

mtd;> kuzj;ijAk;> tho;itAk; gilj;jhd;. NkYk; mtd; (ahtiuAk;)
kpifj;jtd;: kpf;f kd;dpg;gtd;."
8. ,Wjpj; jPh;g;G kWik ehspy; ,Uf;fpwJ.

,Wjpj; jPh;g;G kWik ehspy; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;gij gw;wp mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; %d;whtJ
mj;jpahak; - ]{uj;Jy; My ,k;uhdpd; 185tJ trdk; fPof;fz;lthW $Wfpd;wJ.

'xt;Nthh; Mj;khTk; kuzj;ij Rfpj;Nj Mf Ntz;Lk;: md;wpAk; - ,Wjpj;

jPh;g;G ehspy; jhd;> cq;f(s; nra;iff)Sf;Fhpa gpujp gyd;fs; KOikahf
nfhLf;fg;gLk;: vdNt vth; (euf) neUg;gpypUe;J ghJfhf;fg;gl;Lr;>
49
Rth;f;fj;jpy; gpuNtrpf;FkhW nra;ag;gLfpwhNuh> mth; epr;rakhf
ntw;wpaile;Jtpl;lhh;. ,t;Tyf tho;f;if kaf;fj;ij mspf;fty;y (mw;g
,d;gg;) nghUNsad;wp Ntwpy;iy." (my;-Fh;Md; 3 : 185).
,Wjpj; jPh;g;G kWik ehspy;jhd; toq;fg;gLk; vd;gij NkNy nrhy;yg;gl;l mUs;kiw
trdj;jpd; %yk; ehk; mwpayhk;. xU kdpjd; ,we;j gpwF - mtd; kPz;Lk;
caph;gpf;fg;gLthd;. xU kdpjd; jhd; nra;j jtWf;fhf ,t;Tyfpy; nfhQ;rkhf
jz;bf;fg;glyhk;. my;yJ jz;bf;fg;glhkYk; ,Uf;fyhk;. Mdhy; mtd; nra;j jtWf;F
KO jz;lizAk; kWikehspy;jhd;. ty;ywT Fw;wj;jpy; <Lgl;ltidNah my;yJ
jpUlidNah ,iwtd; ,t;Tfj;jpy; jz;bf;fhky; tpl;L tplyhk;. Mdhy; mth;fs; nra;j
Fw;wj;jpw;fhf mth;fs; kWik ehspy; gjpy; nrhy;ypNaj; jPu Ntz;Lk;. kWikehspy;
mjhtJ kuzpj;jgpd; cs;s tho;f;ifapy; mth;fs; ,iwtdhy; jz;bf;fg;gLthh;fs; vd;gJ
epr;rak;.

9. eh[p nfhLq;Nfhyd; `pl;yUf;F kdpjdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l rl;lk; vd;d jz;lid

toq;fpapUf;f KbAk;?.

mWgJ yl;rk; a+jh;fis vhpj;Jf; nfhd;w rk;gtk; eh[p nfhLq;Nfhyd; `pl;yh; Ml;rp
fhyj;jpy; ele;jJ vd;gij ehk; midtUk; mwpNthk;. fhty;Jiwapdh; `pl;yiu ifJ
gz;zp rl;lj;jpd; Kd;G epWj;jpapUe;jhy; - kdpjdhy; ,aw;wg;gl;l rl;lk;> mWgJ yl;rk;
a+jh;fis vhpj;Jf; nfhd;w `pl;yUf;F vd;d jz;lid toq;fpapUf;f KbAk;?. rl;lj;jpd;
kpff; $Ljy; jz;lidahd kuz jz;lidia toq;fpapUf;f $Lk;. Mdhy; Nkw;gb kuz
jz;lid xNunahU a+jiu nfhd;wjw;F <lhd jz;lidjhd;. vQ;rpAs;s Ik;gj;J xd;gJ
yl;rj;J njhd;D}w;W xd;gjhapuj;J njhs;shapuj;J njhd;D}w;W xd;gJ a+jh;fis
vhpj;Jf; nfhd;wjw;fhd jz;lid vd;d?.

10. my;yh`; - `pl;yiu - mWgJ yl;rk; jlit euf neUg;gpdhy; vhpf;ff;$ba ty;yik
ngw;wtd;:

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; my;yh`; $Wfpd;whd;:

'ahh; ek; Ntj trdq;fis epuhfhpf;fpwhh;fNsh> mth;fis ehk; epr;rakhf

eufj;jpy; GFj;jp tpLNthk;. mth;fs; Njhy;fs; fUfptpLk; nghnjy;yhk;>
mitay;yh (NtW) Njhy;fis> mth;fs; Ntjidia (G+uzkhf)
mDgtpg;gjw;nfd> mth;fSf;F ehk; khw;wpf; nfhz;NlapUg;Nghk;. epr;rakhf
my;yh`; kpifj;jtdhfTk;> QhdKs;stdhfTk; ,Uf;fpwhd;." (mj;jpahak; 4
]_uj;Jd;dp]h - 56tJ trdk;)

my;yh`; - mtd; ehbdhy; - `pl;yiu - mWgJ yl;rk; jlit euf neUg;gpdhy;

vhpf;ff;$ba ty;yik nfhz;ltd;.

11. kWik ek;gpf;if ,y;yhky; kdpj eyd; kw;Wk; ey;yJ> nfl;lJ vd;w rpe;jidNa
,y;iy.

kWik tho;f;if mjhtJ kdpjdpd; ,wg;Gf;Fg; gpd;Gk; xU tho;f;if cz;L vd;w

ek;gpf;if ,y;iynadpy;> kdpj eyd; kw;Wk; ey;yJ> nfl;lJ vd;w rpe;jidNa kdpj
th;f;fj;jplk; ,y;yhky; Ngha;tpLk;. mepahak; nra;gth;fs; - Fwpg;ghf gzgyKk;> gil
gyKk;> r%fj;jpy; nry;thf;Fk; ngw;wth;fs; mepahak; nra;Ak; NghJ - kWik tho;f;if
vd;w ek;gpf;if ,y;iynadpy;> kdpj eyd; kw;Wk; ey;yJ> nfl;lJ vd;w rpe;jidNa
kdpj th;f;fj;jplk; ,y;yhky; Ngha;tplf; $Lk;. vdNt xt;nthU kdpjUf;Fk; - ,wg;Gf;Fg;
gpwFk; tho;f;if cz;L vd;fpw kWik ek;gpf;if mtrpak;.

50
Nfs;tp vz;: 19

cyfpy; cs;s vy;yh kjq;fSk; - ey;yijNa nra;a Ntz;Lk; - ey;yijNa gpd;gw;w

Ntz;Lk; vd;W nrhy;Yk; NghJ - xU kdpjd; ,];yhkpa kjj;ij khj;jpuk; Vd; gpd;gw;w
Ntz;Lk;? kw;w kjq;fspy; vijNaDk; xd;iw gpd;gw;w KbANk!.

gjpy;:

1. ,];yhkpa khh;f;fj;jpw;Fk; - gpw kjq;fSf;Fk; cs;s kpfg; nghpa tpj;jpahrk;:

vy;yh kjq;fSk; ey;yijNar; nra;a Ntz;Lk; - ey;yijNag; gpd; gw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;W
nrhy;fpd;wd. Mdhy; ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; ey;yijNar; nra;a Ntz;Lk; - ey;yijNag;
gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;W nrhy;tNjhL epd;W tplhky; - jdpkdpjdplKk; - KO kdpj
rKjhaj;jplKk; ed;ikia Vtp jPikiaj; jLf;ff; $ba nray;fis
eilKiwg;gLj;JfpwJ. ,];yhk;. ed;ikia Vtp - jPikiaj; jLf;ff; $ba nraiy
nra;Ak; NghJ kdpj rKjhaj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; kdpjj; jd;ikiaAk;> rKjhaj;jpy;
kdpjh;fSf;fpilNa ,Uf;Fk; fLQ; rpf;fiyAk; fzf;fpy; nfhs;fpwJ. kdpjh;fis
gilj;j ,iwtdhy; topfhl;lg;gl;l khh;f;fk; ,];yhk;. vdNtjhd; ,];yhk; - jPDy;
/gpj;h; - mjhtJ ,aw;ifahd khh;f;fk; vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ.

2. cjhuzk;: kdpjh;fs; jpUl;il tpl;nlhopf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W nrhy;tNjhL>

rKjhaj;jpypUe;J jpUl;il vg;gb xopf;f KbAk; vd;gjw;Fk; topfhl;LfpwJ.

A. ,];yhk; jpUl;il xopf;Fk; toptiffis ekf;Ff; fw;Wj; jUfpwJ.

vy;yh Kf;fpa kjq;fSk; jpULtJ xU ghtkhd nray; vd;W Nghjpf;fpd;wd. ,];yhKk;

mjidj;jhd; Nghjpf;fpd;wJ. mg;gbnadpy; kw;w kjq;fSf;Fk; ,];yhj;jpw;Fk; cs;s
NtWghLjhd; vd;d?. jpULtJ xU ghtkhd nray; vd;W Nghjpg;gNjhL epd;W tplhky; -
eilKiwapy; jpUlh;fNs ,y;yhj xU rKjhaj;ij cUthf;FtJ vg;gb vd;Wk;
topfhl;Lfpd;wJ ,];yhk;.

B. ,];yhk; “'[f;fhj;" vd;Dk; jh;kk; toq;f typAWj;JfpwJ.

,];yhk; “'[f;fhj;" vd;Dk; khh;f;f thp toq;Ftij xt;nthU ,];yhkpah; kPJk;

flikahf;fpAs;sJ. ,];yhkpah;fspy; ahnuy;yhk; 85 fpuhk; jq;fk; my;yJ mjw;Fhpa
kjpg;Gs;s nry;tq;fisr; Nrkpj;J itj;jpUf;fpwhh;fNsh> mth;fs; xt;nthU tUlKk;
,uz;liw rjtPjk; mstpw;F “'[f;fhj;" vd;Dk; khh;f;f thp toq;Ftij ,];yhk;
flikahf;fpAs;sJ. cyfpy; cs;s xt;nthU gzf;fhuUk; jkf;Fs;s nrhj;Jf;fspy;
,uz;liw rjtPjk; jh;kkhf nfhLj;jhy;> cyfj;jpy; Vo;ik vd;w epiyNa ,y;yhky;
NghFk;. ,t;Tyfpy; xU kdpj caph; $l grpahy; kuzpf;ff; $ba epiy ,Uf;fhJ.

C. jpULgtDf;F jz;lidahf mtdJ iffis ntl;l Ntz;Lk; vd;W ,];yhk;

rl;lk; tFj;Js;sJ.

jpUbdhhd; vd;W epUgpf;fg;gl;ltdpd; iffis ntl;l Ntz;Lk; vd;W ,];yhk; rl;lk;

tFj;Js;sJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; mj;jpahak; Ie;J ]{uj;Jy; khapjhtpd; 38tJ trdk;
fPof;fz;lthW $Wfpd;wJ:
'jpUlNdh> jpUbNah mth;fs; rk;ghjpj;j ghtj;jpw;F> my;yh`;tplkpUe;Js;s
jz;lidahf mth;fspd; fuq;fisj; jhpj;J tpLq;fs;. my;yh`;
kpifj;jtDk;> Qhdk; kpf;NfhDkhf ,Uf;fpd;whd;." (mj;jpahak; 5 ]_uj;Jy;
khapjh 38tJ trdk;)

51
'M! ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;by; jpUbatDf;F ifia ntl;Ltjh?. ,];yhk; fUizapy;yhj>
fhl;Lkpuhz;bj; jdkhd khh;f;fk;"> vd;W ,];yhk; my;yhj khw;W kjj;jth;fs; nrhy;yyhk;.

D. ,];yhkpa rl;lk; eil Kiwg;gLj;jg; gl;ljhy; - rhpahd gyd; fpilj;Js;sJ.

cyfpy; cs;s ehLfspy; mnkhpf;fhjhd; kpf Kd;NdwpAs;s ehlhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

Mdhy; Jh;mjph;\;ltrkhf mnkhpf;fhjhd; Fw;wq;fSk;> jpUl;Lf;fSk;> nfhs;isfSk;
epiwe;Js;s ehlhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. mnkhpf;fhtpy; ,];yhkpa rl;lq;fs;
eilKiwg;gLj;jg; gl;bUe;jhy;> mjhtJ vy;yh nry;te;jh;fSk; [f;fhj; vd;Dk; jh;kk;
toq;f Ntz;Lk; (xt;nthU tUlKk; jkf;Fs;s nrhj;Jf;fspy; 2.5 rjtPjk; jh;kkhf
nfhLj;jy;) vd;w rl;lKk;> jpUlg;gl;ljhf ep&gpf;fg;gl;l Fw;wthspfSf;F jz;lidahf
mth;fsJ iffs; ntl;lg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;fpw rl;lKk; mnkhpf;fhtpy; eilKiwg;
gLj;jg;gLfpwJ vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. mnkhpf;fhtpd; jpUl;Lf; Fw;wk; FiwAkh?.
my;yJ jpUl;Lf; Fw;wq;fs; mNj Nghd;Wjhd; ,Uf;Fkh?. my;yJ jpUl;Lf; Fw;wq;fs;
mjpfhpf;Fkh?. fz;bg;ghf mnkhpf;fhtpd; jpUl;Lf; Fw;wq;fs; Fiwaj;jhd; nra;Ak;.
,];yhk; tFj;Js;s fLikahd rl;lq;fs; ,Ug;gjd; fhuzj;jhy; NkYk; jpUl Ntz;Lk;
vd;W vz;zKs;sth;fSk; jpULtjw;F jaq;Fk; epiyjhd; cUthFk;.

,d;iwf;F cyfpy; ,Uf;Fk; jpUl;Lf; Fw;wq;fSf;F jz;lid vd;w ngahpy; iffis

ntl;LNthk; vdpy; ,d;W cyfpy; yl;rf; fzf;fhNdhhpd; iffs; ntl;lg;gl Ntz;Lk;
vd;fpw cq;fsJ thjj;ij ehd; Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpNwd;. - Mdhy; ehd; ,q;Nf typAWj;j
tpUk;Gk; fUj;J vd;dntdpy; jpULNthUf;F jz;lidahf iffs; ntl;lg;gLk; vd;fpw
rl;lk; mky;gLj;jg;gl;l clNdNa jpUl;Lf; Fw;wq;fs; Fiwa Muk;gpj;JtpLk;
vd;gijj;jhd;. jpUl;Lj;njhopiy tof;fkhff; nfhz;bUf;Fk; jpUlh;fs; $l> jpULtjw;F
Kd;G kpfTk; rpe;jpf;f Muk;gpj;J tpLthh;fs;. jpULtJ gw;wp rpe;jpf;f Muk;gpj;Jtpl;lhNy -
jpUl;L njhopy; nra;gth;fs; gyh; jpULtij tpl;L tpLthh;fs;. mjidAk; kPwp xU rpyh;
khj;jpuk; jpUl;Lj; njhopiy njhlh;tjw;fhd tha;g;Gfs; cs;sJ. mth;fs; gpbgl;lhy;
mth;fspd; iffs; khj;jpuk; ntl;lg;gLk;. ,t;thW xU rpyhpd; iffs; Ntz;Lnkdpy;
ntl;lg;glyhk;. Mdhy; yl;rf;fzf;fhNdhh; jpUl;L gakpd;wp epk;kjpahf thoKbAk; vd;gij
epidtpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

,t;thW ,];yhkpa rl;lq;fs; eilKiwf;F xj;Jtuf; $baitAk;> kdpj rKjhaj;jpw;F

gyd;fis juf; $baitAk;jhd;.

3. %d;whtJ cjhuzk;: ,];yhk; ngz;fs; khdgq;fgLj;jg;gLtijAk;> ty;YwT

nfhs;sg;gLtijAk; fLikahd Fw;wq;fs; vd jil nra;Js;sJ. mj;Jld;
,];yhkpa Mil Kiwfis gpd;gw;w nrhy;tNjhL> ty;ywT Fw;wk; nra;jjhf
ep&gpf;fg;gLgtUf;F fLikahd jz;lidfisAk; typAWj;JfpwJ.

4. ty;YwT nfhs;tijAk;> khdgq;fg; gLj;jg;gLtijAk; jLf;Fk; Kiwfis ,];yhk;

typAWj;JfpwJ.

ngz;fNshL ty;YwT nfhs;tijAk;> ngz;fs; khdgq;fg;gLj;jg; gLtijAk; vy;yh

kjq;fSk; nfhLikahd ghtk; vd;Wjhd; nrhy;Yfpd;wd. ,];yhkpa khh;f;fKk;
mijj;jhd; Nghjpf;fpwJ. ,Ug;gpDk; ,];yhkpa khh;f;fj;jpw;Fk; kw;WKs;s kjq;fSf;Fk;
cs;s tpj;jpahrk;jhd; vd;d?. ngz;fis kjpf;f Ntz;Lk; mwpTiu $WtNjhL epd;W
tplhky; my;yJ ngz;fis khdgq;fg;gLj;Jtij ntWj;Jj; js;StNjhL epd;W tplhky;>
ty;YwT nfhs;tJ kfhg;nghpa ghtk; vd;W nrhy;tnjhL epd;W tplhky;> Nkw;gb Fw;wq;fs;
rKjhaj;jpy; ,y;yhky; nra;tJ vg;gb vd;W topfhl;lTk; nra;fpwJ.

52
B. ,];yhk; typAWj;Jk; Mz;fSf;fhd MilKiwAk; - eil KiwAk;.

,];yhk; kdpjh;fs; Kiwahf mzpa Ntz;ba Milfis (`p[hg;) typAWj;Jfpd;wJ.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; my;yh`;; ngz;fSf;fhd “`p[hg;> gw;wp mwptpg;gjw;F Kd;ghf>
Mz;fSf;fhd “`p[hg;> gw;wpj;jhd; Kjypy; mwptpf;fpwhd;. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 24tJ
mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jd; E}hpd; Kg;gjhtJ trdj;jpy; “'(egpNa!) tpRthrk;nfhz;l
Mz;fSf;F ePh; $WtPuhf: mth;fs; jq;fs; ghh;itfis jho;j;jpf; nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;: jq;fs; ntl;fj; jyq;fis Ngzpg; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;:
mJ mth;fSf;F kpf;f ghpRj;jkhdjhFk;. epr;rakhf my;yh`; mth;fs;
nra;gtw;iw ed;F njhpe;jtd;" (mj;jpahak; 24 ]_uj;Jd; E}h; - 30tJ trdk;) vd;W
my;yh`; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whd;.

xU kdpjd; xU ngz;iz ghh;j;jTld; mtdJ kdjpy; - ntl;fkw;w my;yJ ehzkw;w

vz;zk; Njhd;WNkahdhy; - me;j kdpjd; jdJ ghh;itia jho;j;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;
vd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Md; fl;lisapLfpd;wJ.

C. ngz;fSf;Fhpa “`p[hg;

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 24tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jd; E}hpd; Kg;gj;J xd;whtJ trdj;jpy;

'(egpNa!) ,d;Dk; tpRthrk;nfhz;l ngz;fSf;F ePh; $WtPuhf: mth;fs;
jq;fs; ghh;itfis jho;j;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;: jq;fs; ntl;fj; jyq;fis
Ngzpg; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;: jq;fs; mofyq;fhuj;ij mjdpd;W
(rhjhuzkhf ntspapy;) njhpaf; $baijj;jtpu: (NtW vijAk;) ntspf;
fhl;lyhfhJ: ,d;Dk; jq;fs; Kd;whidfshy; mth;fs; jq;fs; khh;Gfis
kiwj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.: NkYk; (tpRthrk;nfhz;l ngz;fs;) jk;
fzth;fs;> jk; je;ijah;fs;> my;yJ jk; fzth;fspd; je;ijah;fs; my;yJ
jk; Gjy;th;fs;..".Mfpa ,th;fisj; jtpu(NtW mz;fSf;Fj;) jq;fSila
mofyq;fhuj;ij ntspg;gLj;jf; $lhJ." vd;W my;yh`; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whd;.
`p[hg; mzptjw;fhd MW tiuKiwfis ,];yhk; typAWj;JfpwJ.

ePq;fs; mzpaf; $ba Mil cly; KOtijAk; kiwf;ff; $bajhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;
vd;gNj ,];yhkpa Mil mzptjw;fhd Kjy; msTNfhy;. ,e;j msTNfhy; Mz;fSf;Fk;
- ngz;fSf;Fk; tpj;jpahrg;gLk;. Mz;fs; njhg;Gs; Kjy; fuz;iltiu kiwf;ff; $ba
Milfis mzpa Ntz;Lk;. ngz;fs; rhjhuzkhf ntspapy; njhpaf;$ba ghfq;fshd
Kfk; - fuz;il tiu cs;s iffs; Mfpaitj; jtpu jq;fs; cly; KOtJk; kiwf;ff;
$ba Milfis mzpa Ntz;Lk;. mth;fs; tpUk;gpdhy; Nkw;gb ntspapy; njhpaf; $ba
,e;j ghfq;fisAk; kiwj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;.

D. `p[hg; ngz;fis njhy;iyfspypUe;Jk; ghJfhf;fpwJ:

ngz;fs; `p[hg; mzpa Ntz;bajw;fhd fhuzj;ij mUs; kiwapd; 33 tJ mj;jpahak;

]{uj;Jy; m`;[hg; gpd; 59tJ trdk; njspthf Rl;bf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

'egpNa! ePh; ck; kidtpfSf;Fk;> ck; ngz; kf;fSf;Fk;> <khd;

nfhz;lth;fspd; ngz;fSf;Fk;> mth;fs; jq;fs; jiy Kd;whidfis
jho;j;jpf; nfhs;SkhW $WtPuhf: mth;fs; (fz;zpakhdth;fs; vd)

53
mwpag;gl;L Nehtpid nra;ag;glhkypUf;f ,J Rygkhd topahFk;. NkYk;
my;yh`; kpf kd;dpg;gtd;: kpf;f md;Gilatd;."
ngz;fs; fz;zpakhdth;fs; vd;W mwpag;gLtjw;fhfTk; - mth;fs; njhy;iyfspypUe;J
jtph;e;J nfhs;s Ntz;bAk; - `p[hg; mzptJ ngz;fSf;F ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ vd
mUs;kiw Fh;Md; Rl;bf; fhl;LfpwJ.

E. ,ul;il rNfhjhpfs; - Xh; cjhuzk;:

,ul;ilg; gpwtpahd rNfhjhpfs; - ,uz;L NgUk; mofpYk; rkkhdth;fs; filj;njUtpy;

ele;J Nghfpwhh;fs; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;. mjpy; xUth; Kw;wpYk; ,];yhkpa
Kiwapy; Mil mzpe;jtuhf nry;fpwhh;. mjhtJ jdJ Kfk; - kw;Wk; jdJ ,uz;L
iffs; khj;jpuk; fuz;il tiuapy; ntspapy; njhpAk;gb jdJ KO cliyAk; kiwj;J
Mil mzpe;jtuhf ele;J nry;fpwhh;. kw;wth; Nkw;fj;jpa fyhr;rhu Kiwg;gb xU
Fl;ilg;ghthilNah my;yJ miuf;fhw; rl;ilNah mzpe;J nry;fpwhh; vd itj;Jf;
nfhs;Sq;fs;. filj; njUtpy; ngz;fis Nfyp nra;tjw;fhfNt epw;Fk; fhypfs; ahiu
NfypAk; - fpz;lYk; nra;thh;fs;?. ,];yhkpa Kiwapy; Mil mzpe;J nry;gtiuah?.
my;yJ Fl;ilg;ghthil my;yJ miuf;fhw; rl;il mzpe;J nry;gtiuah?. fz;bg;ghf
Fl;ilg;ghthil my;yJ miuf;fhw; rl;il mzpe;J nry;gth;jhd; NfypAk; fpz;lYf;Fk;
cs;shthh;. cly; cWg;Gfis kiwg;gijtpl mjpfk; ntspapy; njhpAk;gbahd Milfis
ngz;fs; mzptJ - Mz;ghyiu NfypAk; fpz;lYk; - njhy;iyfSk; nra;aitg;gjw;fhd
kiwKfkhd miog;NgahFk;. vdNtjhd; ,];yhkpa Mil Kiw fz;bg;ghf ngz;fs;
njhy;iyfs; nra;ag;gLtij jtph;f;fpwJ vd;W mUs; kiw FHMd; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

F. ty;YwT nfhs;NthUf;F (ghypay; gyhj;fhuk;) kuz jz;lid.

,];yhkpa rl;lj;jpd;gb xU kdpjd; xU ngz;NzhL ty;YwT nfhz;ljhf

ep&gpf;fg;gl;lhy; - mtDf;F kuz jz;lid toq;f Ntz;Lk;. kuz jz;lid vd;w
thh;j;ijia Nfl;lTld; gyh; mjph;r;rpAWfpd;wdh;. xUrpyh; ,];yhk; fUizapy;yhj -
fhl;Lkpuhz;bj;jdkhd khh;f;fk; vd;nwy;yhk; tpkhprpf;f Muk;gpj;J tpLfpd;wdh;. ,];yhk;
my;yhj rNfhjuh;fis ehd; xU Nfs;tpia Nfl;bUf;fpNwd;. jq;fSila kidtpAlNdh
- my;yJ jq;fsJ rNfhjhpAlNdh my;yJ jq;fsJ jhAlNdh xUtd; ty;YwT (mt;thW
elf;fhky; my;yh`; ghJfhg;ghdhf!) nfhz;L tpl;lhd; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.
tof;fhL kd;wj;jpy; ty;YwT nfhz;ltDf;F - jPh;g;G toq;ff; $ba ePjpgjpahf jhq;fs;
,Uf;fpwPh;fs; vd;Wk; itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. jhq;fs; ty;YwT nfhz;ltDf;F vd;d
jz;liz toq;FtPh;fs;?. ehd; Nfs;tp Nfl;l Nfs;tpf;F ,];yhk; my;yhj rNfhjuh;fs;
vy;NyhUNk mspj;j gjpy; vd;dntd;why; ty;YwT nfhz;ltDf;F kuz jz;lidNaj;
jUNthk; vd;gJjhd;. mjpy; ,d;Dk; rpyh; - ty;YwT nfhz;ltd; kuzpf;Fk;tiu
rpj;utij nra;J nfhy;Nthk; vd;Wk; nrhd;dhh;fs;.mth;fsplk; ehd; Nfl;lnjy;yhk; -
ahuhtJ xUtd; cq;fsJ cwTfNshL - ty;YwT nfhz;L tpl;lhy; - kuz jz;lid
nfhLf;f tpUk;Gk; ePq;fs; - NtW ahNuh xUthpd; kidtpNah -rNfhjhpNah - my;yJ jhNah
ty;YwT nfhs;sg;gl;L - ty;YwT nfhz;ltDf;F kuz jz;lid toq;fg;gl;lhy; khj;jpuk;
Vd; mjid fhl;Lkpuhz;bj;jdk; vdfpwPh;fs;. Vd; ,e;j ,ul;il epiyg;ghL?.

G. mnkhpf;fhtpy;jhd; cyfj;jpNyNa mjpf mstpyhd ty;YwT Fw;wq;fs; epfo;fpd;wd.

cyfpy; cs;s ehLfspy; mnkhpf;fhjhd; Kw;wpYk; ehfhPfkile;j ehlhf fUjg;gLfpwJ.

mNj mnkhpf;fhtpy;jhd; cyfj;jpNyNa mjpf mstpyhd ty;YwT Fw;wq;fs; epfo;fpd;wd.
1990 Mk; Mz;by; khj;jpuk; mnkhpf;fhtpy; 1>02>555 ty;YwT Fw;wq;fs; epfo;e;jjhf me;j
ehl;bd; csTj;Jiwahd v/g;. gp. I. apd; mwpf;if njhptpf;fpwJ. ele;j ty;YwT
Fw;wq;fspy; 16 rjtPjk; Fw;wq;fs; khj;jpuNk Gfhh; nra;ag;gl;ljhfTk; Nkw;gb mwpf;if

54
njhptpf;fpwJ. mg;gbnadpy; mnkhpf;fhtpy; 1990 Mk; Mz;by; nkhj;jk; ele;j ty;YwT
Fw;wq;fs; vj;jid vd;W mwpa Nkw;gb njhifia (1>02>555) 6.25 nfhz;L ngUf;fpdhy;
nkhj;j ty;YwT Fw;wj;jpd; vz;zpf;if 640>968 MFk;. Nkw;gb fpilf;Fk; njhifia 365
ehl;fis nfhz;L tFf;Fk; NghJ 1990 Mk; Mz;L khj;jpuk; mnkhpf;fhtpy; ehs; xd;Wf;F
ruhrhpahf ele;j ty;YwT Fw;wq;fspd; vz;zpf;if 1>756 MFk;.

mjd; gpwF ruhrhpahf ehs; xd;Wf;F 1900 ty;YwT Fw;wq;fs; epfo;e;jhf kw;nwhU mwpf;if
nrhy;fpwJ. mnkhpf;fhtpy; 1996 Mk; Mz;L khj;jpuk; 3>07>000 ty;YwT Fw;wq;fs; Gfhh;
nra;ag;gl;ljhf mnkhpf;f ePjpj;Jiwapd; kw;nwhU gphpthd Fw;wk; ,iof;fg;gl;Nlhh; gw;wp
Njrpa mstpy; Ma;T nra;Ak; mikg;gpd; mwpf;if $WfpwJ. nkhj;jk; ele;j ty;YwT
Fw;wq;fspy;> 31 rjtPjk; khj;jpuNk Gfhh; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ vd;Wk; Nkw;gb mwpf;if
$WfpwJ. mt;thnwdpy; 1996 Mk; Mz;by; mnkhpf;fhtpy; ele;j nkhj;j ty;YwT
Fw;wq;fs; (307>000 x 3.226) 990>322. MFk;. ruhrhpahf ehs; xd;Wf;F 2>713 ty;YwT
Fw;wq;fs; epfo;e;jpUf;fpd;wd. mjhtJ xt;nthU 32 tpdhbf;F xU ty;YwT Fw;wk;
epfo;e;jpUf;fpwJ. kw;WKs;s tUlq;fspy; mnkhpf;fh;fs; ,d;Dk; $Ljyhf ty;YwT
Fw;wq;fspy; <Lgl;bUf;fyhk;. ,t;thW ty;YwT Fw;wq;fspy; <Lgl;lth;fspy; 10 rjtPjk;
Ngh;fs;jhd; fhty;Jiwapduhy; ifJ nra;ag;gl;ljhf 1990Mk; Mz;L v/g;. gp. I.
ntspapl;Ls;s mwpf;if $WfpwJ. ,t;thW ifJ nra;ag;gl;lth;fspd; vz;zpf;if
nkhj;jj;jpy; 1.6 rjtPjk;jhd;. Nkw;gb ifJ nra;ag;gl;lth;fspy; Ik;gJ rjtPjk; Ngh;
mth;fs; nra;j ty;YwT Fw;wk; ePjp kd;wj;jpd; Kd;G epUgpf;fg;glhjjhy; tpLjiy
nra;ag;gl;ldh;. mjw;F mh;j;jk; 0.8 rjtPjk; Fw;wthspfs;jhd; ePjp tprhuidf;F
cl;gLj;jg;gLfpwhh;fs;. NtW thh;j;ijfspy; nrhy;tnjd;why; 125 Ngh; ty;ywT Fw;wq;fs;
epfo;e;jhy; jz;lid toq;fg;gLtJ xNunahU Fw;wj;jpw;F khj;jpuk;jhd;. ,t;thwhd
rl;lq;fs; ,Ue;jhy; gyh;> ty;YwT Fw;wk; Ghptij xU njhopyhfNt itj;jpUg;ghh;fs;.

,t;thW ePjp tprhuizf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;lth;fspy; 50 rjtPjk; Ngh; Fw;wthspfs; vd

epUgpf;fg;gl;lgpd; 1 tUlj;jpw;Fk; Fiwthd rpiw jz;lidiaj;jhd; ngWfpd;wdh; vd
Nkw;gb mwpf;if NkYk; $WfpwJ. ,t;tsTf;Fk; xU ty;YwT Fw;wk; Ghpe;j Fw;wthspf;F
mnkhpf;f Fw;wtpay; jz;lid rl;lj;jpd;gb 7 tUlq;fs; rpiw jz;lid toq;f Ntz;Lk;.
Kjd; Kiwahf ty;ywT Fw;wk; Ghpe;j xUtDf;F fLikahd jz;lidfs; ,d;wp ePjpgjp
tpLjiy nra;ayhk; vd;gJ mnkhpf;f Fw;wtpay; jz;lid rl;lj;jpd; tpjp. fw;gid
nra;J ghUq;fs;!. xU kdpjd; 125 Kiw ty;YwT Fw;wk; nra;jhYk;> mtd; jz;lid
ngWtjw;Fhpa rhj;jpaf;$W xNunahU Kiwjhd;. me;j xU KiwapYk; ePjpgjpapd;
fUizapdhy; tpLjiy nra;ag;glyhk;. my;yJ xU tUlj;jpw;Fk; Fiwe;j rpiw
jz;lidiag; ngwyhk;.

H. ,];yhkpa rl;lq;fs; mky; gLj;jg;gl;lhy; rhpahd gyd;fisg; ngwyhk;:

mnkhpf;fhtpy; ,];yhkpa rl;lq;fs; eilKiwgLj;jg;gl;bUg;gjhf fw;gid nra;J

ghUq;fs;. xU Mz; xU ngz;iz ghh;f;Fk; nghOJ mtdJ vz;zj;jpy; ehzkw;w
my;yJ ntl;fkpy;yhj vz;zk; Njhd;Wkhapd; - mth; jdJ ghh;itia jho;j;jpf;
nfhz;bUg;ghh;. mnkhpf;fhtpd; xt;nthU ngz;Zk; Kfk; kw;Wk; jdJ iffspd; fuz;il
tiu kl;Lk; njhpAk;gb - kw;WKs;s clypd; midj;J ghfq;fSk; kiwf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;
,];yhkpa Mil Kiwia gpd;gw;wp ,Ug;ghh;fs;. ,jw;F gpwFk; xU kdpjd; ty;YwT
Fw;wj;jpy; <LgLthd; vdpy; - mtDf;F kuz jz;lid vd;w epiy gpd;gw;w gl;bUf;Fk;.
Nkw;fz;lthW ,];yhkpa rl;lq;fs; mnkhpf;fhtpy; eilKiw gLj;jg;gl;lhy; - mnkhpf;fhtpy;
ty;YwT Fw;wq;fs; mjpfhpf;Fkh? my;yJ Kd;dh; ,Ue;jJ Nghd;w mNj epiyapy;
,Uf;Fkh? my;yJ FiwAkh? fz;bg;ghf mnkhpf;fhtpd; ty;YwT Fw;wq;fs; Fiwaj;jhd;
nra;Ak;.

55
4. kdpj rKjhaj;jpd; gpur;idfSf;F> ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; eilKiwf;F xj;Jtuf;$ba
jPH;Tfis nfhz;Ls;sJ.

,];yhk; cyf tho;f;iff;F rpwe;j topfhl;bahFk; . Vnddpy; mjd; nfhs;iffs;

eilKiwf;F xj;J tuhj tha; thh;j;ijfis nfhz;ljy;y. khwhf ,];yhkpa
nfhs;iffs; kdpj rKjhaj;jpd; gpur;idfSf;F jPh;thf mike;Js;sJ. jdp kdpj
mstpYk;> KO kdpj rKjha mstpYk; ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; rpwe;j jPh;Tfis
nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,];yhkpa khh;f;fNk cyfpy; cs;s khh;f;fq;fspy; vy;yhk; rpwe;j
khh;f;fkhf jpfo;tjw;F fhuzk; eilKiwf;F rhj;jpaf; $whd mjd; nfhs;ifs;jhd;.
,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; xU Fwpg;gpl;l th;f;fj;jpdUf;Nfh my;yJ xU Fwpg;gpl;l
Njrj;jpdUf;Nfh nrhe;jkhdjy;y. khwhf ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; mfpyk; KOtjw;Fk;
nrhe;jkhdJ.

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56