Fundamentals Of Nursing : Infection, Asepsis, Basic concept 9.

Refers to conditions that increases vulnerability of

of stress and Illness individual or group to illness or accident

FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING TEST II A. Predisposing factor

B. Etiology
1. When the General adaptation syndrome is activated, C. Risk factor
FLIGHT OR FIGHT response sets in. Sympathetic nervous D. Modifiable Risks
system releases norepinephrine while the adrenal medulla
secretes epinephrine. Which of the following is true with 10. Refers to the degree of resistance the potential host has
regards to that statement? against a certain pathogen

A. Pupils will constrict A. Susceptibility

B. Client will be lethargic B. Immunity
C. Lungs will bronchodilate C. Virulence
D. Gastric motility will increase D. Etiology

2. Which of the following response is not expected to a person 11. A group of symptoms that sums up or constitute a disease
whose GAS is activated and the FIGHT OR FLIGHT response
sets in? A. Syndrome
B. Symptoms
A. The client will not urinate due to relaxation of the detrusor C. Signs
muscle D. Etiology
B. The client will be restless and alert
C. Clients BP will increase, there will be vasodilation 12. A woman undergoing radiation therapy developed redness
D. There will be increase glycogenolysis, Pancrease will and burning of the skin around the best. This is best classified
decrease insulin secretion as what type of disease?

3. State in which a person’s physical, emotional, intellectual A. Neoplastic

and social development or spiritual functioning is diminished B. Traumatic
or impaired compared with a previous experience. C. Nosocomial
D. Iatrogenic
A. Illness
B. Disease 13. The classification of CANCER according to its etiology Is
C. Health best described as
D. Wellness
1. Nosocomial
4. This is the first stage of illness wherein, the person starts to 2. Idiopathic
believe that something is wrong. Also known as the transition 3. Neoplastic
phase from wellness to illness. 4. Traumatic
5. Congenital
A. Symptom Experience 6. Degenrative
B. Assumption of sick role
C. Medical care contact A. 5 and 2
D. Dependent patient role B. 2 and 3
C. 3 and 4
D. 3 and 5
5. In this stage of illness, the person accepts or rejects a
14. Term to describe the reactiviation and recurrence of
professionals suggestion. The person also becomes passive and
pronounced symptoms of a disease
may regress to an earlier stage.
A. Remission
A. Symptom Experience
B. Emission
B. Assumption of sick role
C. Exacerbation
C. Medical care contact
D. Sub acute
D. Dependent patient role
15. A type of illness characterized by periods of remission and
exacerbation
6. In this stage of illness, The person learns to accept the
illness.
A. Chronic
B. Acute
A. Symptom Experience
C. Sub acute
B. Assumption of sick role
D. Sub chronic
C. Medical care contact
D. Dependent patient role
16. Diseases that results from changes in the normal structure,
from recognizable anatomical changes in an organ or body
7. In this stage, the person tries to find answers for his illness.
tissue is termed as
He wants his illness to be validated, his symptoms explained
and the outcome reassured or predicted
A. Functional
B. Occupational
A. Symptom Experience
C. Inorganic
B. Assumption of sick role
D. Organic
C. Medical care contact
D. Dependent patient role
17. It is the science of organism as affected by factors in their
environment. It deals with the relationship between disease
8. The following are true with regards to aspect of the sick role
and geographical environment.
except
A. Epidemiology
A. One should be held responsible for his condition
B. Ecology
B. One is excused from his societal role
C. Statistics
C. One is obliged to get well as soon as possible
D. Geography
D. One is obliged to seek competent help
 C. Community bill boards
18. This is the study of the patterns of health and disease. Its D. Radio and Television
occurrence and distribution in man, for the purpose of control
and prevention of disease. 28. Who conceptualized health as integration of parts and
subparts of an individual?
A. Epidemiology
B. Ecology A. Newman
C. Statistics B. Neuman
D. Geography C. Watson
D. Rogers
19. Refers to diseases that produced no anatomic changes but
as a result from abnormal response to a stimuli. 29. The following are concept of health:

A. Functional 1. Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social

B. Occupational wellbeing and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity.
C. Inorganic 2. Health is the ability to maintain balance
D. Organic 3. Health is the ability to maintain internal milieu
4. Health is integration of all parts and subparts of an
20. In what level of prevention according to Leavell and Clark individual
does the nurse support the client in obtaining OPTIMAL
HEALTH STATUS after a disease or injury? A. 1,2,3
B. 1,3,4
A. Primary C. 2,3,4
B. Secondary D. 1,2,3,4
C. Tertiary
D. None of the above 30. The theorist the advocated that health is the ability to
maintain dynamic equilibrium is
21. In what level of prevention does the nurse encourage
optimal health and increases person’s susceptibility to illness? A. Bernard
B. Selye
A. Primary C. Cannon
B. Secondary D. Rogers
C. Tertiary 31. Excessive alcohol intake is what type of risk factor?
D. None of the above
A. Genetics
22. Also known as HEALTH MAINTENANCE prevention. B. Age
C. Environment
A. Primary D. Lifestyle
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary 32. Osteoporosis and degenerative diseases like Osteoarthritis
D. None of the above belongs to what type of risk factor?

23. PPD In occupational health nursing is what type of A. Genetics

prevention? B. Age
C. Environment
A. Primary D. Lifestyle
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary 33. Also known as STERILE TECHNIQUE
D. None of the above
A. Surgical Asepsis
24. BCG in community health nursing is what type of B. Medical Asepsis
prevention? C. Sepsis
D. Asepsis
A. Primary
B. Secondary 34. This is a person or animal, who is without signs of illness
C. Tertiary but harbors pathogen within his body and can be transferred
D. None of the above to another

25. A regular pap smear for woman every 3 years after A. Host
establishing normal pap smear for 3 consecutive years Is B. Agent
advocated. What level of prevention does this belongs? C. Environment
D. Carrier
A. Primary
B. Secondary 35. Refers to a person or animal, known or believed to have
C. Tertiary been exposed to a disease.
D. None of the above
A. Carrier
26. Self monitoring of blood glucose for diabetic clients is on B. Contact
what level of prevention? C. Agent
D. Host
A. Primary
B. Secondary 36. A substance usually intended for use on inanimate objects,
C. Tertiary that destroys pathogens but not the spores.
D. None of the above
A. Sterilization
27. Which is the best way to disseminate information to the B. Disinfectant
public? C. Antiseptic
D. Autoclave
A. Newspaper
B. School bulletins
37. This is a process of removing pathogens but not their A. Urinary catheterization
spores B. Spread from patient to patient
C. Spread by cross contamination via hands of caregiver
A. Sterilization D. Cause by unclean instruments used by doctors and nurses
B. Auto claving
C. Disinfection 46. Transmission occurs when an infected person sneezes,
D. Medical asepsis coughs or laugh that is usually projected at a distance of 3
feet.
38. The third period of infectious processes characterized by
development of specific signs and symptoms A. Droplet transmission
B. Airborne transmission
A. Incubation period C. Vehicle transmission
B. Prodromal period D. Vector borne transmission
C. Illness period
D. Convalescent period 47. Considered as the first line of defense of the body against
infection
39. A child with measles developed fever and general weakness
after being exposed to another child with rubella. In what A. Skin
stage of infectious process does this child belongs? B. WBC
C. Leukocytes
A. Incubation period D. Immunization
B. Prodromal period
C. Illness period 48. All of the following contributes to host susceptibility except
D. Convalescent period
A. Creed
40. A 50 year old mailman carried a mail with anthrax powder B. Immunization
in it. A minute after exposure, he still hasn’t developed any C. Current medication being taken
signs and symptoms of anthrax. In what stage of infectious D. Color of the skin
process does this man belongs?
49. Graciel has been injected TT5, her last dosed for tetanus
A. Incubation period toxoid immunization. Graciel asked you, what type of
B. Prodromal period immunity is TT Injections? You correctly answer her by saying
C. Illness period Tetanus toxoid immunization is a/an
D. Convalescent period
A. Natural active immunity
41. Considered as the WEAKEST LINK in the chain of B. Natural passive immunity
infection that nurses can manipulate to prevent spread of C. Artificial active immunity
infection and diseases D. Artificial passive immunity

A. Etiologic/Infectious agent 50. Agatha, was hacked and slashed by a psychotic man while
B. Portal of Entry she was crossing the railway. She suffered multiple injuries
C. Susceptible host and was injected Tetanus toxoid Immunoglobulin. Agatha
D. Mode of transmission asked you, What immunity does TTIg provides? You best
answered her by saying TTIg provides
42. Which of the following is the exact order of the infection
chain? A. Natural active immunity
B. Natural passive immunity
1. Susceptible host C. Artificial active immunity
2. Portal of entry D. Artificial passive immunity
3. Portal of exit
4. Etiologic agent 51. This is the single most important procedure that prevents
5. Reservoir cross contamination and infection
6. Mode of transmission
A. Cleaning
A. 1,2,3,4,5,6 B. Disinfecting
B. 5,4,2,3,6,1 C. Sterilizing
C. 4,5,3,6,2,1 D. Handwashing
D. 6,5,4,3,2,1
52. This is considered as the most important aspect of
43. Markee, A 15 year old high school student asked you. What handwashing
is the mode of transmission of Lyme disease. You correctly
answered him that Lyme disease is transmitted via A. Time
B. Friction
A. Direct contact transmission C. Water
B. Vehicle borne transmission D. Soap
C. Air borne transmission
D. Vector borne transmission 53. In handwashing by medical asepsis, Hands are held

44. The ability of the infectious agent to cause a disease A. Above the elbow, The hands must always be above the waist
primarily depends on all of the following except B. Above the elbow, The hands are cleaner than the elbow
C. Below the elbow, Medical asepsis do not require hands to be
A. Pathogenicity above the waist
B. Virulence D. Below the elbow, Hands are dirtier than the lower arms
C. Invasiveness
D. Non Specificity

45. Contact transmission of infectious organism in the

hospital is usually cause by
54. The suggested time per hand on handwashing using the C. The instruments are put into unlocked position, on their
time method is hinge, during the autoclave
D. Autoclaving different kinds of metals at one time is advisable
A. 5 to 10 seconds each hand
B. 10 to 15 seconds each hand 63. Which of the following is true about masks?
C. 15 to 30 seconds each hand
D. 30 to 60 seconds each hand A. Mask should only cover the nose
B. Mask functions better if they are wet with alcohol
55. The minimum time in washing each hand should never be C. Masks can provide durable protection even when worn for a
below long time and after each and every patient care
D. N95 Mask or particulate masks can filter organism as mall as
A. 5 seconds 1 micromillimeter
B. 10 seconds
C. 15 seconds 64. Where should you put a wet adult diaper?
D. 30 seconds
A. Green trashcan
56. How many ml of liquid soap is recommended for B. Black trashcan
handwashing procedure? C. Orange trashcan
D. Yellow trashcan
A. 1-2 ml
B. 2-3 ml 65. Needles, scalpels, broken glass and lancets are considered
C. 2-4 ml as injurious wastes. As a nurse, it is correct to put them at
D. 5-10 ml disposal via a/an

57. Which of the following is not true about sterilization,
cleaning and disinfection?
A. Equipment with small lumen are easier to clean
B. Sterilization is the complete destruction of all viable
microorganism including spores
C. Some organism are easily destroyed, while other, with
coagulated protein requires longer time
D. The number of organism is directly proportional to the length
of time required for sterilization
A. Puncture proof container
B. Reused PET Bottles
C. Black trashcan
D. Yellow trashcan with a tag “INJURIOUS WASTES”
66. Miranda Priestly, An executive of RAMP magazine, was
diagnosed with cancer of the cervix. You noticed that the
radioactive internal implant protrudes to her vagina where
supposedly, it should be in her cervix. What should be your
initial action?

58. Karlita asked you, How long should she boil her glass baby A. Using a long forceps, Push it back towards the cervix then
bottle in water? You correctly answered her by saying call the physician
B. Wear gloves, remove it gently and place it on a lead container
A. The minimum time for boiling articles is 5 minutes C. Using a long forceps, Remove it and place it on a lead
B. Boil the glass baby bottler and other articles for atleast 10 container
minutes D. Call the physician, You are not allowed to touch, re insert or
C. For boiling to be effective, a minimum of 15 minutes is remove it
required
D. It doesn’t matter how long you boil the articles, as long as the 67. After leech therapy, Where should you put the leeches?
water reached 100 degree Celsius
A. In specially marked BIO HAZARD Containers
59. This type of disinfection is best done in sterilizing drugs, B. Yellow trashcan
foods and other things that are required to be sterilized before C. Black trashcan
taken in by the human body D. Leeches are brought back to the culture room, they are not
thrown away for they are reusable
A. Boiling Water
B. Gas sterilization 68. Which of the following should the nurse AVOID doing in
C. Steam under pressure preventing spread of infection?
D. Radiation
A. Recapping the needle before disposal to prevent injuries
60. A TB patient was discharged in the hospital. A UV Lamp B. Never pointing a needle towards a body part
was placed in the room where he stayed for a week. What type C. Using only Standard precaution to AIDS Patients
of disinfection is this? D. Do not give fresh and uncooked fruits and vegetables to Mr.
Gatchie, with Neutropenia
A. Concurrent disinfection
B. Terminal disinfection 69. Where should you put Mr. Alejar, with Category II TB?
C. Regular disinfection
D. Routine disinfection A. In a room with positive air pressure and atleast 3 air
exchanges an hour
61. Which of the following is not true in implementing medical B. In a room with positive air pressure and atleast 6 air
asepsis exchanges an hour
C. In a room with negative air pressure and atleast 3 air
A. Wash hand before and after patient contact exchanges an hour
B. Keep soiled linens from touching the clothings D. In a room with negative air pressure and atleast 6 air
C. Shake the linens to remove dust exchanges an hour
D. Practice good hygiene
70. A client has been diagnosed with RUBELLA. What
62. Which of the following is true about autoclaving or steam precaution is used for this patient?
under pressure?
A. Standard precaution
A. All kinds of microorganism and their spores are destroyed by B. Airborne precaution
autoclave machine C. Droplet precaution
B. The autoclaved instruments can be used for 1 month D. Contact precaution
considering the bags are still intact
 D. Order in removing the gloves Is unnecessary

71. A client has been diagnosed with MEASLES. What

precaution is used for this patient? 80. Before a surgical procedure, Give the sequence on
applying the protective items listed below
A. Standard precaution
B. Airborne precaution 1. Eye wear or goggles
C. Droplet precaution 2. Cap
D. Contact precaution 3. Mask
4. Gloves
72. A client has been diagnosed with IMPETIGO. What 5. Gown
precaution is used for this patient?
A. 3,2,1,5,4
A. Standard precaution B. 3,2,1,4,5
B. Airborne precaution C. 2,3,1,5,4
C. Droplet precaution D. 2,3,1,4,5
D. Contact precaution
81. In removing protective devices, which should be the exact
73. The nurse is to insert an NG Tube when suddenly, she sequence?
accidentally dip the end of the tube in the client’s glass
containing distilled drinking water which is definitely not 1. Eye wear or goggles
sterile. As a nurse, what should you do? 2. Cap
3. Mask
A. Don’t mind the incident, continue to insert the NG Tube 4. Gloves
B. Obtain a new NG Tube for the client 5. Gown
C. Disinfect the NG Tube before reinserting it again
D. Ask your senior nurse what to do A. 4,3,5,1,2
B. 2,3,1,5,4
74. All of the following are principle of SURGICAL ASEPSIS C. 5,4,3,2,1
except D. 1,2,3,4,5

A. Microorganism travels to moist surfaces faster than with dry
surfaces
B. When in doubt about the sterility of an object, consider it not
sterile
C. Once the skin has been sterilized, considered it sterile
D. If you can reach the object by overreaching, just move
around the sterile field to pick it rather than reaching for it
75. Which of the following is true in SURGICAL ASEPSIS?
A. Autoclaved linens and gowns are considered sterile for about
4 months as long as the bagging is intact
B. Surgical technique is a sole effort of each nurse
C. Sterile conscience, is the best method to enhance sterile
technique
D. If a scrubbed person leaves the area of the sterile field,
He/she must do handwashing and gloving again, but the gown
need not be changed.
76. In putting sterile gloves, Which should be gloved first?
A. The dominant hand
B. The non dominant hand
C. The left hand
D. No specific order, Its up to the nurse for her own convenience
77. As the scrubbed nurse, when should you apply the goggles,
shoe cap and mask prior to the operation?
A. Immediately after entering the sterile field
B. After surgical hand scrub
C. Before surgical hand scrub
D. Before entering the sterile field
78. Which of the following should the nurse do when applying
gloves prior to a surgical procedure?
A. Slipping gloved hand with all fingers when picking up the
second glove
B. Grasping the first glove by inserting four fingers, with
thumbs up underneath the cuff
C. Putting the gloves into the dominant hand first
D. Adjust only the fitting of the gloves after both gloves are on
79. Which gloves should you remove first?
A. The glove of the non dominant hand
B. The glove of the dominant hand
C. The glove of the left hand
82. In pouring a plain NSS into a receptacle located in a
sterile field, how high should the nurse hold the bottle above
the receptacle?
A. 1 inch
B. 3 inches
C. 6 inches
D. 10 inches
83. The tip of the sterile forceps is considered sterile. It is used
to manipulate the objects in the sterile field using the non
sterile hands. How should the nurse hold a sterile forceps?
A. The tip should always be lower than the handle
B. The tip should always be above the handle
C. The handle and the tip should be at the same level
D. The handle should point downward and the tip, always
upward
84. The nurse enters the room of the client on airborne
precaution due to tuberculosis. Which of the following are
appropriate actions by the nurse?
1. She wears mask, covering the nose and mouth
2. She washes her hands before and after removing gloves,
after suctioning the client’s secretion
3. She removes gloves and hands before leaving the client’s
room
4. She discards contaminated suction catheter tip in trashcan
found in the clients room
A. 1,2
B. 1,2,3
C. 1,2,3,4
D. 1,3
85. When performing surgical hand scrub, which of the
following nursing action is required to prevent
contamination?
1. Keep fingernail short, clean and with nail polish
2. Open faucet with knee or foot control
3. Keep hands above the elbow when washing and rinsing
4. Wear cap, mask, shoe cover after you scrubbed
A. 1,2
B. 2,3
C. 1,2,3
D. 2,3,4
 B. Stage of Resistance
C. Stage of Homeostasis
D. Stage of Exhaustion

86. When removing gloves, which of the following is an

inappropriate nursing action? 96. Stage of GAS that results from prolonged exposure to
stress. Here, death will ensue unless extra adaptive
A. Wash gloved hand first mechanisms are utilized
B. Peel off gloves inside out
C. Use glove to glove skin to skin technique A. Stage of Alarm
D. Remove mask and gown before removing gloves B. Stage of Resistance
C. Stage of Homeostasis
87. Which of the following is TRUE in the concept of stress? D. Stage of Exhaustion

A. Stress is not always present in diseases and illnesses
B. Stress are only psychological and manifests psychological
symptoms
C. All stressors evoke common adaptive response
D. Hemostasis refers to the dynamic state of equilibrium
88. According to this theorist, in his modern stress theory,
Stress is the non specific response of the body to any demand
made upon it.
A. Hans Selye
B. Walter Cannon
C. Claude Bernard
D. Martha Rogers
89. Which of the following is NOT TRUE with regards to the
concept of Modern Stress Theory?
A. Stress is not a nervous energy
B. Man, whenever he encounters stresses, always adapts to it
C. Stress is not always something to be avoided
D. Stress does not always lead to distress
90. Which of the following is TRUE with regards to the
concept of Modern Stress Theory?
A. Stress is essential
B. Man does not encounter stress if he is asleep
C. A single stress can cause a disease
D. Stress always leads to distress
97. All but one is a characteristic of adaptive response
A. This is an attempt to maintain homeostasis
B. There is a totality of response
C. Adaptive response is immediately mobilized, doesn’t require
time
D. Response varies from person to person
98. Andy, a newly hired nurse, starts to learn the new
technology and electronic devices at the hospital. Which of the
following mode of adaptation is Andy experiencing?
A. Biologic/Physiologic adaptive mode
B. Psychologic adaptive mode
C. Sociocultural adaptive mode
D. Technological adaptive mode
99. Andy is not yet fluent in French, but he works in Quebec
where majority speaks French. He is starting to learn the
language of the people. What type of adaptation is Andy
experiencing?
A. Biologic/Physiologic adaptive mode
B. Psychologic adaptive mode
C. Sociocultural adaptive mode
D. Technological adaptive mode
100. Andy made an error and his senior nurse issued a written
warning. Andy arrived in his house mad and kicked the door
hard to shut it off. What adaptation mode is this?

91. Which of the following is TRUE in the stage of alarm of A. Biologic/Physiologic adaptive mode
general adaptation syndrome? B. Psychologic adaptive mode
C. Sociocultural adaptive mode
A. Results from the prolonged exposure to stress D. Technological adaptive mode
B. Levels or resistance is increased
C. Characterized by adaptation
D. Death can ensue

92. The stage of GAS where the adaptation mechanism begins

A. Stage of Alarm
B. Stage of Resistance
C. Stage of Homeostasis
D. Stage of Exhaustion

93. Stage of GAS Characterized by adaptation

A. Stage of Alarm
B. Stage of Resistance
C. Stage of Homeostasis
D. Stage of Exhaustion

94. Stage of GAS wherein, the Level of resistance are

decreased

A. Stage of Alarm
B. Stage of Resistance
C. Stage of Homeostasis
D. Stage of Exhaustion

95. Where in stages of GAS does a person moves back into

HOMEOSTASIS?

A. Stage of Alarm