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BU n,epartment of Mathematics

Math 105 Introduction to FinIte Mathematics

Date: 07 August 2010 Full Name (in ink) :


Time: 10:00-11 :30 Student Number :

Summer 2010 Final Exam

IMPORTANT
1.Read each question carefuiiy and put your answers neatly under the space provided. i.Show aii your work.
Correct answers without justification wiii not get credit. 3. Calculators and ceii phones are not aiiowed.

QL. Five fair coins are flipped at the same time. Suppose that at least two heads occur.
Find the probability that there are exactly three heads.

[20 points]

P(x =-s \ X ~L) =- ?


~ L x.~~,,)( ~2.)
P(X~2-)
- .•.
Ç> ( X~S)
P()(~L)

p Li(=S) '" cr)- tt Y-lI.f = ~1- = 4~

P(x. ~2) - 1- p(x=ö') - ~('(=-f)

- 1- (~){~S'l~lS- ( i}(i)\~)~
- ==- 1- J:.-. _
32... il
ç --
2..(,
bL
T~u~ ) .
S
ls
...-----.-------
BU Department of Mathematies
Math 105 Irittoduetion to Finite MathematIes

Q2. A lot of 12 television sets includes 2 with white cords. If three of the sets are chosen at
random for shipment to a hotel,· how many sets with white cords can the shipper

-- b --
expect to send to the hotel? Find the variance of this shipment.

22- \~b
(t)·~i)
1'r,A~a\oi
f-L~J::
~~*~
i~)·e-r)
i~(~)·l~O)
2-2- ~d\sVibuti~
ui~l
[20 points)
K·ft,y
Corets'
_ 1-Q) ().ç se~s E LL("-~ - ~
k
i-) oi::: \So.--l x'l ~
X : -tk...:# tiJ)'L
0,4/2- ~

O.JL """~ . .l ~ 2 . .1:- - iL ~


"''\ 7. i.. 1..'L - 2. "1-

6~*~~~+2}--.i
\\ 2..1 tt - _,~
Li....
'JtAr tK) =
Q3.
II _.±- = ~
Sup~~that
_ (]-'1-
a~investoAAa::: to need $W,OOO in fourty-six months' time when her
child starts attending university. She wants to invest in an instrnment yielding 4%
interest, compounded monthly, How much should she invest today?
[20 points)

s -= 1..0,000 i

2.0 000 = 'P. C ot

'2-ocoo
p-
~.H·.ibi
(14- O~iY6 -- -
BU Department of Mathematics
Math 105 Introduction to Finite Mathematics

Q4. Suppose thatduring periods oftranscendental meditation the reduction of a person's


oxygen consumption is a random variable having a normal distribution with p = 37.6
cc per minute and (j = 4.6 cc per minute. Find the probabilities that during a period of
transcendental meditation a person's oxygen consumption will be reduced by
i. at least 44.5 cc per minute;
ii. at most 35.0 cc per minute;
iii. anywhere from 30.0 to 40.0 cc per minute.
[30 points]

X -: ~~ Q ~~io~ ~ -\-f~C-eA~~~ ~\-k{~ et ~~"' s.


O~J~ C-o.A-S~\\.o1\ til. ~~ '3:h b (J'-J ;: li. b

~)

U~,~ ~
S~ (\O('~\

tl~s~\\'u\-r~ ~b LL.

~ -----
~ S -4(&
'1'=1-/')

p ~'30 L ~ L ltU} = P (io;:, '- :c L Cto~)


~ p (- ~L(, S L t <::... O/~L)
c, b4 'j
4. After a mathematics exam was giyen, it turned out that only 75% of the class answered every
qucstion. Out of those who did answer cvery qucstion, 80% passcd, but out of those who did
not answer every question 50% passed. if a student passed the exam what is the probability
that the student answered every question.

A -= Qi\Suie-e~ <iL\ ,\~ns


N=-~ ~~ 0.\\ ~~

S= p~sseJ
p ( S \.)lt. :::.-::--
'60 .. 4- ~ P(S\N ) :-=-i
So
100
\

J==.ça\\w ~~_~7 s {cC 5


~\..~"" P ( F\ A ) = i--:5 -5
4- ~ i P(FlN)= \- ~ =~

F
&.i
-o BQ~e.s15
o Fo~\cv P(A). pC SlA )
s ~ P(A\S;=: ---- )
( P(A).~(SlA)+ P(tJ).?(S\N

--~------ i.~
s
«t-

$ ~..i...L.J...
-
-ç'S-l 4- i
- .24 .
- .i~h
5. A factory produces light bulbs with life expectancies that are normally distributed with a mean
of 500 hours and abiandard deviation of 100 hours. What petcentage of the light bulbs can be
expected to last betwcen 450 and 670 hours.
(A(L.7) = 0.4554, A(L.2) = 0.3849 A(0.7) = 0.2580, A(0.5) = 0.1915, A(2.2) = 0.4861)

-0,5
6. From a group of 20 men and 10 women, 3 people are randomly selected to form a committee.
Let X be the random variable whieh is the number of women on the committcc.

(a) Find the probability distribution function for the random variable X.
(b) Find the expected value of number of women in the committee.
(c) Write the formula for Var(X) using the probability distribution funetion. Also determine
the variance, Var(X), of the random variable ·X.
('2).( ~) .i.a\ .2=1\.3\ :i.~.\~.\'l 51-
@ .ç (o) = PC X=-~) :::: C~~) = 11-~
..~\•. 3~~" -= ~. i.~.J..~:. M
-tt.n -= PC x= q
('C)
::: \..
( 3j)
(:i.o)
:i.. =-95 ..1()~

(~).(i:) 45
_P(.2.) = ?(X:;L)= --- =-:;-:;
T L13} -'o.Q;i

(~) _ b
P(a)= P(x- 3")-;::.-- - ""1.01
1" ( 1.;) .Lj .:>

95 i. 4-5' + b
3. -:::: -2o~ = A
.:i.. •
.\. .:i.o~+ .. ia~ l.Q~' ~o'b

12'

1:.
k.:'
(s. ~) = ( 5.4,)- ( 5.-k) + ....
~-----------
-\-( S AJ
(\ ~(\-

'";i.( S.~) = 54-


B U Department of Mathematics
Math 105 Introduction to Finite Mathematics

Date: August 5, 2011 Full Name


Time: 17:30-19:30 Department
Student ID
Summer 2011 Final Exam

IMPORTANT
i. Write your name, surname on top of each page. 2. The exam consists of 8 questions. 3. Showall your work.
Correct answers without sufficient explanation might not get full credit.

Q1 TOTAL
10
100ptspts
Q2
Q8
15
Q7
Q6
Q5
Q4
Q3

10 pts i. At what nominal rate of interest, compounded quarterly, will money double in 10
years?
" ~O·~
z.p =- P ( '1 + ~ )

2=' (~t~r
2f/'t o
-'IA.-.r:.
~ 't

r r••tt (2lA._1) j
15 pts 2. Suppose you play the following game 6 times:
You roll a die. You win the game if the die shows a two or a five, otherwise you lose.
What is the probability that you win exactly 4 times given that you win at least twice.

fi.w, ttocJlOJ ~ tt B-tnw~' fll"i.

n ~, i P~ ~ ::= % i 1- ~ 1-j:;
~[t ~M ~ oj- Jb.,t z i.Jl'.viJ
pr [lt Alli", fr [M h••t2.wi~
tt
1 •. + Qi,;.,t- 2 iLJ1Ot~ ~

fr [ 't AIIi~ ] C . (1 (3

i
lo

- -1-l'r[oi.n •• -ItliwnJ":: 4 -r.~Ji5M- h(t)~J


10 pts 3. Olivia invites 13 friends over to eelebrate her fifth birthday: 5 boys and 8 girls. 3 of
the boys and 7 of the girls want to play saklambaç. if a randamly chosen kid does not want to
play saklambaç, what is the probability that the kid is a boy?

'Ii ~~
p, {'LU> c..ldai.i..~

'i)' 9-IdCAk4~ç.

~ ~ ~Id(.i.i...~

Pr[f> 1\ Si] - %.7's-

Pr[S'} ~~.~+~~.%

10 pts 4. Let E and F be independent events with Pr[E U F] = 7/8 and Pr[F] = 3/8. Find
Pr[E'IF].

!.~ll'"[FIJFJ == ?r[E1 +'Pr[F-l-Yt[El\pJ

, 1
::::.fr[E -t !'Y[f1 - pt- [E}M.F] (::.~ )
=ft[El-t~- Pr"[El\

~ .-~= ~M.~] ::) Pt [~]~~.


~ frLEoFJ==t·t=fo

r
O ['
r t il J F -:: i
~ -:tb3 -'-- eö _3
-~

fr[f;1
Tl..- Pr[E' iF] '" L?"LE'1l
15 pts 7. A student club has 10 members: 4 males and 6 females. They need to piek 2 members
to do two distinet jobs: one to clean the club room and the other to prepare a poster for an
event. Let the random variable X be defined as

"4 times the number of males selected minus 3 times the number of females seleeted" .
Find the expected value and the varianee of X.

Pr[X=~]
---
,.S"
,(01
5"
-,fS-
EC><) =(-~}fs.t{1) li t{~):'5
1 ,.y
~+ lt"
--- _ 3. :> -~ AS nT~''"_!. 1-.}]
.(!:'

Ao·q ~o·,1 ..tS-

~M(X) r(, +~)'ft-(Ar~) J t-~t~)


1OPtr;,~'A weighted eoin sueh that Pr[H] = 0.45 is flipped 100 times. Assuming the distribution
of "nu'niber of heads observed" ean be approximated by a normal distribution find the probability

that at appropriate
[Use the lea.<;t90 heads
values are
from observed.;.
the following list: A('Q./JII) = 0.357, ~fI
A(~/ioO) = 0.454, '00
A~v'9l) = 0.256.]

x = 1LLMtL~ 01 iu~ ob~. n-:-loo i P=O.i,-s-

~. :: h 'r :: 100· o. 'ts" ":: i,.S-

a-~ .Jnrl -= JIDo'D.t'> '0.;' = iJit~·O.SS •-= f!lii

pr [X ~ 10] -::".[ i1 !O~lts-~~]


Z vU
-tS"
= Pr[i ~~] vII
NAME:

5. After a mathematics exam was given, it turned out that only a portion of the class
answered each question. Out of those who answered each question, %80 passed, but out of
those who didn’t answer each question %50 passed. If for a student who passed the exam,
the probability that the student answered each question is 24 29 , then for a student who failed
the exam, what is the probability that he/she didn’t answer each question? (30 pts)

6. An urn contains 2 green marbles and 3 red marbles. Susan draws marbles one at a time
without replacement until she has two of the same color. Find the probability that she has to
draw 3 marbles given that she gets 2 green marbles. Draw a tree diagram first. (30 pts)

4
3. In a certain town, 40% of eligible voters are registered Democrats, 35% are Republicans,
and the remainder are Independents. In the last primary election, 15% of the Democrats,
20% of the Republicans, and 10% of the Independents voted. If an eligible voter is chosen at
random, what is the probability that he or she voted? (20 pts)

5. Each of three identical chests has two drawers. The first chest contains a gold coin in each
drawer. The second chest contains a silver coin in each drawer, and the third contains a
silver coin in one drawer and a gold coin in the other. A chest is chosen at random and a
drawer is opened. There is a gold coin in it. What is the probability that the coin in the other
drawer of that chest is silver? (30 pts)

2
NAME:

5. A girl walks to school every day. If it is not raining, the probability that she is late is 1 5 , if it is raining

the probability that she is late is 2 3 . If the probability that it was raining on one particular day is 10 19
given that the girl is late, find the probability that it was not raining on another particular day given that
the girl is not late. (30 pts)

Late (L)
2/3 (2 / 3) x 10 1
P( R | L)   x
Raining (R) (2 / 3) x  (1 / 5)(1  x ) 19 4
(1  1 / 4)(4 / 5) 36
P ( R ' | L ')  
Not Late (L’) (1 / 4)(1 / 3)  (1  1 / 4)(4 / 5) 41
x 1/3

Late (L)

1-x 1/5

Not raining (R’)


Not Late (L’)
4/5

6. Each of three identical gift boxes has two mini-boxes in them. Each of the mini-boxes in the first gift
box contains 100 TL. Each of the mini-boxes in the second gift box contains 50 TL, and in the third gift
box one of the mini-boxes contains 50 TL and the other contains 100 TL. A gift box is chosen at random
and a mini-box is opened. There is 100 TL in it. What is the probability that the total gift obtained from
chosen box is 200 TL? (30 pts)

I={ first box selected}

II={second box selected}

III={third box selected}

G={minibox containing 100 TL selected}

For the gift in the other minibox to be 100 TL (hence a total gift of 200 TL), we want the probability that
the first box was selected given that a minibox containing 100 TL selected from the selected box.

4
1. There are two bags on the table. Bag I contains 4 white balls and 6 black balls, and Bag II contains 6 white
balls and 4 black balls. There are also 2 white and 2 black extra balls on the table. A bag is chosen at random.
Then a ball is chosen at random from the selected bag and its color is noted. The ball is then put into the other
bag together with 2 extra balls of the other color. Then a ball is drawn at random from this bag.

a. Given that the second ball drawn is white, what is the probability that the first ball drawn is black? (10 pts)

7 13
W W
4 10
Bag I B
6 13
12

8 13 W 1 6 8 1 4 6
P ( B1 | W2 ) 
6 10 2 10 13 2 10 13
B B
  
5 13
1 4 7 1 6 8 1 6 5 1 4 6
W
5 13 W 2 10 13 2 10 13 2 10 13 2 10 13
6 10
8 13 B 72
  
12 260 72 36
6 13 W 130 65
Bag II 4 10 130
B B
260
7 13
First Second
Draw Draw

b. Given that the second ball drawn is white, what is the probability that it came from the other bag or from the
table? (Assume that the bag numbers are written on the balls in the bags and nothing is written on the balls
on the table.) (10 pts)

6 13
W W
4 10
Bag I Wo
  
1 13
1 4 1 1 6 2 1 6 1 1 4 2
P (Wo | W2 ) 
12 2 10 13 2 10 13 2 10 13 2 10 13
6 13 W

  
6 10
B 1 4 7 1 6 8 1 6 5 1 4 6
2 13 Wo
2 10 13 2 10 13 2 10 13 2 10 13
4 13 W
W 30
  
6 10 260 30 3
12 1 13 Wo
130 130 13
4 13 W
Bag II 4 10 260
B Wo
2 13
First Second
Draw Draw

1
2. An urn contains 7 red balls numbered from 1 to 7, and 3 green balls numbered from 8 to 10. An experiment
consists of selecting 2 of the balls at random without replacement. Let E be event that both balls are red and
F be the event that balls have odd numbers on them. Are E and F independent? (15 pts)

C2 7
P( E )  7

10 C 2 15

C2 2
P (F)  5

10 C 2 9

C2 2
P (E  F)  4

10 C 2 15

2 7 2
Since   , E and F are dependent events.
15 15 9

3. How many 4 digit positive numbers less than 4670 can be formed using the digits 1,3,4,5,8 and 9 if repetitions
are not allowed? (15 pts)

There are two cases:

Case 1: First digit is 4

1 3 4 3  By the Basic Counting Principle (1).(3).(4).(3) = 36 numbers can be formed.

Case 2: First digit is 1 or 3

2 5 4 3  By the Basic Counting Principle (2).(5).(4).(3) = 120 numbers can be formed.

Hence a total of 36 + 120 = 156 numbers less than 4670 can be formed.

2
4. You are dealt one card at random from a full deck and your opponent is dealt 2 cards (without any
replacement). If you get an Ace, he pays you $10, if you get a King, he pays you $5 (regardless of his cards). If
you have neither an Ace nor a King, but your card is red and your opponent has no red cards, he pays you $1.
In all other cases you pay him $1. Determine your expected earnings. Is this game favorable? (15 pts)

Since E ( X )  0 this game is favorable.

5. The scores on an exam are normally distributed with a mean of 75 and a standart deviation of 10. If the
instructor wishes to pass 70% of those taking the test, what should be the lowest passing score? (15 pts)

Z 0.2 0.53 0.7 1.5


A(z) 0.07 0.2 0.25 0.43

In the table above, A(z) is the area under the standard


normal curve between z=0 and a positive value of z.
3
6. A quality control engineer is in charge of testing whether or not 90% of the DVD players produced by his
company conform to specifications. To do this, the engineer randomly selects a batch of 12 DVD players from each
day’s production. The day’s production is acceptable provided no more than 1 DVD player fails to meet
specifications. Otherwise, the entire day’s production has to be tested. (20 pts)

(i) What is the probability that the engineer incorrectly passes a day’s production as acceptable if only 80% of the
day’s DVD players actually conform to specification? (10 pts)

(ii) What is the probability that the engineer unnecessarily requires the entire day’s production to be tested if in fact
90% of the DVD players conform to specifications? (10 pts)

4
1. (20 pts) After production, an electrical circuit is given a quality score of A, B, C, or D. Over a certain period of
time, 77% of the circuits were given a quality score A, 11% were given B, 7% were given C, and 5% were given
D. Furthermore, it was found that 2% of the circuits given a quality score A eventually failed, and the failure rate
was 10% for circuits given a quality score B, 14% for circuits given a quality score C, and 25% for circuits given
a quality score D.

a) What is the probability that a randomly selected circuit fails?

F  ( A  F )  ( B  F )  (C  F )  ( D  F )
P( F )  P( A  F )  P( B  F )  P(C  F )  P ( D  F )
P( F )  P( A) P( F | A)  P( B) P( F | B )  P (C ) P ( F | C )  P ( D ) P ( F | D )
P( F )  (0.77)(0.02)  (0.11)(0.10)  (0.07)(0.14)  (0.05)(0.25)  0.0487

b) If a circuit did not fail, what is the probability that it had received a quality score either C or D?

P((C  D)  F ) P ((C  F )  ( D  F ))


P(C  D | F )  
P( F ) 1  P( F )
P(C  F )  P ( D  F ) P (C ).P ( F  | C )  P ( D ).P ( F  | D )
 
1  P( F ) 1  P( F )
(0.07)(0.86)  (0.05)(0.75) 977
 
1  0.0487 9513

1
2. (15 pts) A bag contains four balls. One is blue, one is white and two are red. Someone draws together two balls
at random from the bag. He looks at the balls and tells you that there is a red ball among the two balls drawn
out. What is the probability the other ball drawn out is also red?

3. (15 pts) For a family with four children, determine whether the events E and F are independent, where

E  {at most one boy} and F  {at least one child of each gender} .

#( S )  2.2.2.2  16

#( E ) 5
E  {GGGG, BGGG, GBGG, GGBG, GGGB} #( E )  5 P( E )  
#( S ) 16

#( F ) 14
F  S \{GGGG, BBBB} #( F )  16  2  14 P( F )  
#( S ) 16

#( E  F ) 4
E  F  {BGGG, GBGG, GGBG, GGGB} #( E  F )  4 P( E  F )  
#( S ) 16

4 5 14
For independence we need to have P( E  F )  P( E ).P( F ) but  .
16 16 16

Hence E and F are not independent.

2
4. (15 pts) Five men and five women are ranked according to their scores on an exam. Assume that no two
scores are the same and all possible rankings are equally likely. Let the random variable X be the highest
ranking achieved by a women. What is the probability distribution of X?

OR

5.9! 5.5.8! 5.4.5.7!


P( X  1)  , P( X  2)  , P( X  3) 
10! 10! 10!
5.4.3.5.6! 5.4.3.2.5! 5.4.3.2.1.5!
P( X  4)  , P( X  5)  , P( X  6) 
10! 10! 10!

5. (15 pts) In a normal distribution with mean 3 and variance 49, what are the upper and lower limit scores for the
middle 50% of the data?

 x  x  
  3 and   49  7 P  x1  X  x2   P  1 Z  2  0.5
   

 x   x2  
A 2   0.25   0.67
   

x2  3
 0.67  x2  7.69
7

x1  3
x1   x2    0.67  x1  1.69
7
 

z 0.12 0.25 0.31 0.38 0.52 0.67


A(z) 0.05 0.1 0.125 0.15 0.2 0.25

In the table above, A(z) is the area under the standard


normal curve between z=0 and a positive value of z.

3
6. Solve the following problems:

2x
a. (10 pts) Determine the domain of the function f ( x) 
 x  5  x  8 

1 1 1 
b. (10 pts) By using matrix reduction method, find A
1 
for A  0 1 2 .

 
1 2 4 

4
1. (20 pts) Consider 3 urns. Urn A contains 2 white balls and 4 red balls; Urn B contains 8 white balls and 4 red
balls; Urn C contains 1 white ball and 3 red balls. We draw 1 ball from each urn. What is the probability to draw
a white ball from Urn A if we know that we drew exactly 2 white balls in total?

1
2. (15 pts) Three fair dice are rolled. What is the probability that the sum of the three outcomes is 10 given that
the three dice show different outcomes?

3. (15 pts) If the events E and F are independent, show that the events E ' and F ' are also independent.

If the events E and F are independent, then we know that P( E  F )  P( E ) P( F ) .

We need to show P( E ' F ')  P( E ') P( F ')

P( E ' F ')  P(( E  F ) ')  1  P( E  F )

= 1   P( E )  P( F )  P( E  F )
= 1  P( E )  P( F )  P( E ) P( F )
= 1  P( E )  P( F ) 1  P( E ) 
= 1  P( E ) 1  P( F ) 
= P( E ') P( F ')

Hence, E ' and F ' are also independent.

2
4. (15 pts) Identical computer components are shipped in boxes of 5. About 10% of components have defects.
Boxes are tested in a random order. What is the probability that at least 8 of randomly selected 10 boxes have
at least 3 non-defective components?

P(A component is non-defective) = 1 – 0.1 = 0.9

Hence, for a random variable X having a binomial distribution with parameters n  5 and p  0.9 ,

P( X  3)  P( X  3)  P( X  4)  P( X  5)
 5 C3 (0.9)3 (0.1) 2  5 C4 (0.9) 4 (0.1)1  5 C5 (0.9)5 (0.1)0
a

Now, for a random variable Y having a binomial distribution with parameters n  10 and p  a ,

P(Y  8)  1  P(Y  2)
 1   P(Y  0)  P(Y  1) 
 1   10 C0 (a) 0 (1  a)10  10 C1 (a)1 (1  a)9 

5. (15 pts) An expensive item is being insured against early failure. The lifetime of the item is normally distributed
with an expected value of seven years and a standard deviation of two years. The insurance will pay a dollars
1
if the item fails during the first or second year and 2 a dollars if the item fails during the third or fourth year. If a
failure occurs after the fourth year, then the insurance pays nothing. How to choose a such that the expected
value of the payment per insurance is $50?

Let X be the lifetime of the item with   7 and   2 . Then

a
a.P  X  2   .P  2  X  4   50
2

 27 a  27 47


a.P  Z    .P  X   50
 2  2  2 2 

a
a.P  Z  2.5  .  2.5  X  1.5   50
2
a
a.  0.5  A(2.5)   .  A(2.5)  A(1.5)   50
2
a
a.  0.5  0.49   .  0.49  0.43  50
2

0.01a  0.03a  50

a  1250

Z 0.1 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5


A(z) 0.04 0.19 0.34 0.43 0.48 0.49

In the table above, A(z) is the area under the standard


normal curve between z=0 and a positive value of z.

3
6. Solve the following problems:

a. (10 pts) Consider the following system of equations. In order to have a unique solution, determine the
constraint on the values of a, b, c and d by first writing the system as a matrix equation A.X  B and
then considering the inverse of the coefficient matrix that you should find by using the matrix reduction
method.

ax  by  e

 cx  dy  f

a b   x   e  a b 
c d   y   f  In order to have a unique solution A  should have an inverse.
     c d 

 a b 1 0  1a R1 1 ba 1a 0   cR1  R2 1 b 1
0  daacb R2 1 ba 1
0 
        
a a a
 da  cb  c c a 
 c d 0 1 c d 0 1  0 a a 1 0 1 da  cb da  cb 

b R R 1 0 d
da  cb
b
da  cb


a 2 1
 c a 
0 1 da  cb da  cb 

Hence, for a unique solution, we should have da  bc  0

b. (10 pts) The daily profit for the garden department of a store from the sale of trees is given by
P( x)   x 2  18x  144 , where x is the number of trees sold. Graph the function by finding the vertex
and intercepts. Determine the number of trees to be sold to maximize the profit.

4
1. Solve the following problems:

a. An oil explorer performs a seismic test to determine whether oil is likely to be found in a certain area. The

probability that the test indicates the presence of oil (positive) is 90% if oil is indeed present in the test area and

the probability of a false positive is 15% if no oil is present in the test area. If the probability that the test gives a

negative signal is 0.55, find the probability of oil being present in the test area given that the test gives a

positive signal. (15 pts)

b. On the island of liars each person lies with probability 2 3 . You overhear a person making a statement. Next

you ask another person whether the person you overheard spoke truthfully. Find the probability that the person

you overheard indeed spoke truthfully given that the other person says so. (15 pts)

1
2. Ahmet and Mehmet take turns picking a ball at random from a bag containing two red balls and five white balls.

The balls are drawn out of the bag without replacement and Mehmet is the first person to start. What is the

probability that Ahmet is the first person to pick a red ball? (15 pts)

3. In rolling three dice in different colors at once, find the probability that the product of all three numbers that
come up is divisible by 50. (15 pts)

2
4. What is the probability that in a rearrangement of the letters of the word MISSISSIPPI will no two 'I's appear
together? (e.g. PISSIIMPISS is NOT OK but PIMPISSISIS is OK) (10 pts)

5. Ilgın has a corporate proposal. The probability that vice-president (VP) Irmak will approve the proposal is
0.7. The probability that VP Ceren will approve the proposal is 0.5. The probability that VP Ece will approve
the proposal is 0.4. The approvals of the three VPs are entirely independent of one another. Suppose Ilgın
must get the approval of at least two of the three VPs to win funding. What is the probability that Ilgın’s
proposal is funded? (10 pts)

3
6. Solve the following problems:

x4
a. Check symmetry properties of the equation y with respect to x-axis, y-axis and origin. (10 pts)
x y

b. Find the x- and y- intercepts of the equation y  3  1  2 x and then sketch its graph by starting with the

graph of f ( x)  x and by using translation and reflection operations. (10 pts)


(Sketch each operation as a separate graph.)

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