Dactyloscopy = Practical science of fingerprint Identification and classification.

Dactylography = fingerprint identification.

Dactylomancy = personality interpretation.

Poroscopy = study of sweat pores.

Podoscopy = study of prints of the Soles.

Chiroscopy = Study of the prints of the Palm.

Edgeoscopy = study of the sides of the finger.

Ridgeoscopy = study of ridges.

Macrodactyl = enlarged finger

Microdactyl = small finger

Syndactyl = side fussion

Polydactyl = many finger

Ectodactyl = missing finger

Anthropometry = measurement of bone structure.

= first scientific method.

Forensic Odontology = Dental identification

Forensic Anthropology = skeletal identification

Forensic Enthomology = study of insects

DNA fingerprinting = indispensable science.

Layers of Friction skin

Epidermis = outer layer ( Temporary Damage)

Stratum Corneum = Outer of epidermis

Stratum Mucosum = Inner of epidermis

Dermis = Inner Layer (Permanent Damage)

Cut = more than 1mm

Burns = 2nd Degree burn.

3rd degree burns = requires amputation and the most painful degree of burns.
Dermal Papillae = irregular pegs responsible for ridge formation.

Friction /Epidermal/Papillary Skin

Ridges = lines, hill-like, elevated portion

Furrows = space, canal-like, depressed portion

Sweat Pores = tiny opening, white dots.

Sweat Duct = passage way

Sweat Glands = producer of sweat.

Fingerprint = the production of an impression on some smooth surfaces, designed by the ridge on the
inside of the joint of the finger or thumb.

Ridge Characteristics

Basic: Ridge Dot, Ending Ridge, Bifurcation, Short Ridge.

Ridge Dot= Island Ridge, period or Dot.

Ending Ridge = end point/ abrupt ending.

Bifurcation = splits, divides, branches into two.

Enclosure/ Lake Ridge = meets to form the original ridge. (bifurcating ridge that converge at certain
point)

Divergence = spreading or two separate ridges.

Convergence = meeting of two separate ridges.

Recurve = curves back

Typelines = basic boundaries of fingerprint pattern.

Pattern Area = area surrounded by the typelines.

Appendage = short ridge found on TOP of the recurve.

Bar = (short or long ridge ) found INSIDE the recurve.

Obstruction ridge = (Short HORIZONTAL ridge) found inside the innermost recurving ridge that spoiled
the inner flow towards the center of the pattern.

Uptrust = Horinzontal ridge that makes a sufficient raise at the center.

Incipient ridge = so thin or very fine ridge which is not included as a ridge count.

Focal Points / Fingerprint terminus

Delta= outer terminus, found in front of TYPELINES.

(requires Wide Space)

Two or more which conforms = the one nearest the core (YES)

Core = Inner Terminus , Found inside the recurve.

(approximate center of a fingerprint patterns usually found in L & W)

Ridge counting = from DELTA to CORE.

Ridge count = ridge between delta to core.

Ridge Tracing = From two (2) Focal Points, (Left Delta to Right Delta). (YES)

Intervening ridge = between tracing ridge and right delta.

3 Groups (Loop, Arch and Whorl)

***In fingerprint probe, there are three (3) groups of pattern they are Arch , Whorl & Loops.

Plain Arch (A) = enter from one side and flow to the other side).

Tented Arch (T) = uptrust, angle & Incomplete loop).

Radial Loop (LH \, RH /) towards the thumb.

Ulnar Loop (LH /, RH \) towards the little finger.

Plain whorl (W) touch the circuiting ridge.

Central P.L.W. (c) Does not touch the Circuiting ridge.

Double loop Whorl (D) It has two Loop formations. (YES)

Accidental Whorl (X) combination except with plain Arch.

Rolled Impression = taken Individually (THUMB – towards the body) (All Except Thumb = Away from the
body). ( Ten Fingerprints of whom? -Suspect)

Plain Impression = taken simultaneously. (serves as guide or reference)

Smudge = made by sliding motion.

Fragmentary = Partial Prints.

Chance Prints = left unconsciously or accidentally.

Latent Prints = left or usually found at the scene of the Crime.

VISIBLE = made from blood, dust and dirt etc.

INVISIBLE = made from sweat/perspiration

Latent Print

Focal Points of fingerprint search – Point of entrance & exit, safes appliance, doors, windows, panels,
desk table near the entrance. (all of these)

If fingerprints pattern are not identical, there is no basis for – Comparison.

Instrument

Fingerprint Roller = used TO SPREAD THE INK.

Ink Slab = Metal, Glass or Plastic plate where ink is spread.

Fingerprint Card = used for recording Fingerprint.

Latent Print Transfer Card = used to preserve latent print.

Card Holder = used to clip or hold the F.P. Card .

Strip Card Holder = used to clip strip card

Classification Formula

Checking

Blocking = writing the letter symbols.

Classification Formula

1. Primary Div. = numerical scoring assigned to WHORL.

1/1 =pre-established fraction used to complete the primary Division.

Arch /Loop = non-numerical patterns

2. Secondary = Letter Symbols

CAPITAL letters = INDEX FINGER

Small Letters = T, M, R, L (rat)

3. Sub-Secondary = INDEX, MIDDLE, RING

Whorl= Ridge Tr